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Żuchowska K, Filipiak W. Modern approaches for detection of volatile organic compounds in metabolic studies focusing on pathogenic bacteria: Current state of the art. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100898. [PMID: 38634063 PMCID: PMC11022102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms produce numerous metabolites, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Monitoring these metabolites in biological matrices (e.g., urine, blood, or breath) can reveal the presence of specific microorganisms, enabling the early diagnosis of infections and the timely implementation of targeted therapy. However, complex matrices only contain trace levels of VOCs, and their constituent components can hinder determination of these compounds. Therefore, modern analytical techniques enabling the non-invasive identification and precise quantification of microbial VOCs are needed. In this paper, we discuss bacterial VOC analysis under in vitro conditions, in animal models and disease diagnosis in humans, including techniques for offline and online analysis in clinical settings. We also consider the advantages and limitations of novel microextraction techniques used to prepare biological samples for VOC analysis, in addition to reviewing current clinical studies on bacterial volatilomes that address inter-species interactions, the kinetics of VOC metabolism, and species- and drug-resistance specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Żuchowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Filipiak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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2
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Rubio-Sánchez R, Ubeda C, Ríos-Reina R. Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6363-6376. [PMID: 37615721 PMCID: PMC10560160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem worldwide, and current diagnostic methods have certain limitations. In recent years, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied as an alternative diagnostic method. Due to this, this study aimed to detect, in vaginal swabs and urine samples, VOCs emitted by highly prevalent STIs-causing bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) to identify potential biomarkers that allow the detection of these STIs. VOCs detected in urine samples showed a better differentiation of patients with STIs due to C. trachomatis from those not infected, with 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the volatile compound most related to the presence of this bacterium. Among the VOCs most related to M. genitalium in urine, 4-methyltetradecane and 2-methylpentadecane stood out, while 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one was the VOC most closely related to N. gonorrhoeae infection. Moreover, C12 alcohols were the main VOC family associated with positive samples in all three bacteria, which could indicate the presence of aldehyde reductases in their metabolism. In contrast, alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-heptanol and 1-octanol, as well as dimethyl esters, were more associated with negative samples and may be useful in ruling out an STI caused by one of these three bacteria. In short, the VOCs identified as potential biomarkers in patients with infection by C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, or N. gonorrhoeae could be used in the early diagnosis of these STIs, quickly interrupting the chain of transmission, especially interesting in asymptomatic patients. KEY POINTS: • Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. • The study of VOCs in multiple infections is increasing in recent years. • The identification of volatile biomarkers could allow new diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rubio-Sánchez
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Ubeda
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Ríos-Reina
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
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3
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Filipiak W, Żuchowska K, Marszałek M, Depka D, Bogiel T, Warmuzińska N, Bojko B. GC-MS profiling of volatile metabolites produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1019290. [PMID: 36330222 PMCID: PMC9623108 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1019290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently used methods for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are complex, time-consuming and require invasive procedures while empirical antibacterial therapy applies broad spectrum antibiotics that may promote antimicrobial resistance. Hence, novel and fast methods based on alternative markers are needed for VAP detection and differentiation of causative pathogens. Pathogenic bacteria produce a broad range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), some of which may potentially serve as biomarkers for microorganism identification. Additionally, monitoring of dynamically changing VOCs concentration profiles may indicate emerging pneumonia and allow timely implementation of appropriate antimicrobial treatment. This study substantially extends the knowledge on bacterial metabolites providing the unambiguous identification of volatile metabolites produced by carbapenem-resistant and susceptible strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (confirmed with pure standards in addition to mass spectra match) but also revealing their temporary concentration profiles (along the course of pathogen proliferation) and dependence on the addition of antibiotic (imipenem) to bacteria. Furthermore, the clinical strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens collected from mechanically ventilated patients were investigated to reveal, whether bacterial metabolites observed in model experiments with reference strains could be relevant for wild pathogens as well. In all experiments, the headspace samples from bacteria cultures were collected on multibed sorption tubes and analyzed by GC-MS. Sampling was done under strictly controlled conditions at seven time points (up to 24 h after bacteria inoculation) to follow the dynamic changes in VOC concentrations, revealing three profiles: release proportional to bacteria load, temporary maximum and uptake. Altogether 32 VOCs were released by susceptible and 25 VOCs by resistant strain, amongst which 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-nonanone were significantly higher for carbapenem-resistant KPN. Considerably more metabolites (n = 64) were produced by clinical isolates and in higher diversity compared to reference KPN strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Filipiak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Wojciech Filipiak,
| | - Karolina Żuchowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Marszałek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Depka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bogiel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Warmuzińska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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4
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“Omic” Approaches to Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179601. [PMID: 36077000 PMCID: PMC9455953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The quick and accurate identification of microorganisms and the study of resistance to antibiotics is crucial in the economic and industrial fields along with medicine. One of the fastest-growing identification methods is the spectrometric approach consisting in the matrix-assisted laser ionization/desorption using a time-of-flight analyzer (MALDI-TOF MS), which has many advantages over conventional methods for the determination of microorganisms presented. Thanks to the use of a multiomic approach in the MALDI-TOF MS analysis, it is possible to obtain a broad spectrum of data allowing the identification of microorganisms, understanding their interactions and the analysis of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In addition, the literature data indicate the possibility of a significant reduction in the time of the sample preparation and analysis time, which will enable a faster initiation of the treatment of patients. However, it is still necessary to improve the process of identifying and supplementing the existing databases along with creating new ones. This review summarizes the use of “-omics” approaches in the MALDI TOF MS analysis, including in bacterial identification and antibiotic resistance mechanisms analysis.
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Jia Z, Luo Y, Wang D, Dinh QN, Lin S, Sharma A, Block EM, Yang M, Gu T, Pearlstein AJ, Yu H, Zhang B. Nondestructive multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens with background microflora and symbiosis using a paper chromogenic array and advanced neural network. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 183:113209. [PMID: 33836430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an inexpensive, standardized paper chromogenic array (PCA) integrated with a machine learning approach to accurately identify single pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, or Escherichia coli O157:H7) or multiple pathogens (either in multiple monocultures, or in a single cocktail culture), in the presence of background microflora on food. Cantaloupe, a commodity with significant volatile organic compound (VOC) emission and large diverse populations of background microflora, was used as the model food. The PCA was fabricated from a paper microarray via photolithography and paper microfluidics, into which 22 chromogenic dye spots were infused and to which three red/green/blue color-standard dots were taped. When exposed to VOCs emitted by pathogens of interest, dye spots exhibited distinguishable color changes and pattern shifts, which were automatically segmented and digitized into a ΔR/ΔG/ΔB database. We developed an advanced deep feedforward neural network with a learning rate scheduler, L2 regularization, and shortcut connections. After training on the ΔR/ΔG/ΔB database, the network demonstrated excellent performance in identifying pathogens in single monocultures, multiple monocultures, and in cocktail culture, and in distinguishing them from the background signal on cantaloupe, providing accuracy of up to 93% and 91% under ambient and refrigerated conditions, respectively. With its combination of speed, reliability, portability, and low cost, this nondestructive approach holds great potential to significantly advance culture-free pathogen detection and identification on food, and is readily extendable to other food commodities with complex microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jia
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Lab and Food Quality Lab, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, 20705, MD, USA
| | - Dayang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Quynh N Dinh
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Lin
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Arnav Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
| | - Ethan M Block
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Manyun Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Tingting Gu
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Arne J Pearlstein
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Hengyong Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA
| | - Boce Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA.
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Guo L, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Yu K, Zheng X, Li Y, Liu M, Wang G, Guo N, Yang M, Li E, Wang C. Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Pilot Study. Eur Neurol 2021; 84:325-332. [PMID: 34182565 DOI: 10.1159/000507188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases are common diseases in emergency rooms and neurology departments. CNS pathogen identification methods are time consuming and expensive and have low sensitivity and poor specificity. Some studies have shown that bacteria and viruses can produce specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study is to find potential biomarkers by VOC analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with bacterial and viral meningitis/encephalitis (ME). METHODS CSF samples from 16 patients with bacterial ME and 42 patients with viral ME were collected, and solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolites in the CSF. RESULTS There are 2 substances (ethylene oxide and phenol) that were found to be different between the 2 groups. Ethylene oxide was significantly greater in the group of bacterial ME patients than in the viral ME group of patients (p < 0.05). In addition, phenol was remarkably increased in the group of ME patients compared with the bacterial ME patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ethylene oxide and phenol may be potential biomarkers to distinguish bacterial ME and viral ME. VOC analysis of CSF may be used as a supporting tool for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongzhi Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kaili Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyue Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Enyou Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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7
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Karavaeva TM, Maksimenya MV, Tereshkov PP, Gaimolenko IN, Medvedeva TA, Parshina AA. [Long-chain fatty acids and short-chain fatty acids in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2021; 67:169-174. [PMID: 33860775 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216702169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In present study we performed gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of exhaled breath condensate to measure volatile fatty acids (C2 - acetic, C3 - propionic, C4 - butanoic, isoC4 - isobutyric, C5 - valerianic, C6 - caproic, C7 - heptanoic) and fatty acid with a long aliphatic chain (C14:0 - myristic, C15:0 - pentadecanoic, C16:0 - palmitic, C16:1 - palmitooleic, C17:0 - heptadecanoic, C17:1 - heptadecenoic, C18:0 - stearic, C18:1 - oleic, C18:2 - linolenic, C18:3ω3 - α-linolenic, C20:4ω6 - arachidonic) in patients suffering from moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2nd stage, GOLD). We revealed the increase of the total amount of short chain fatty acids (C2, C3, C4, C5) and polyunsaturated (C18:2, C20:4ω6) fatty acids, meanwhile the level of saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C17:0, C18:0) decreased.
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8
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Kunze-Szikszay N, Euler M, Kuhns M, Thieß M, Groß U, Quintel M, Perl T. Headspace analyses using multi-capillary column-ion mobility spectrometry allow rapid pathogen differentiation in hospital-acquired pneumonia relevant bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:69. [PMID: 33641676 PMCID: PMC7916313 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a common problem in intensive care medicine and the patient outcome depends on the fast beginning of adequate antibiotic therapy. Until today pathogen identification is performed using conventional microbiological methods with turnaround times of at least 24 h for the first results. It was the aim of this study to investigate the potential of headspace analyses detecting bacterial species-specific patterns of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the rapid differentiation of HAP-relevant bacteria. Methods Eleven HAP-relevant bacteria (Acinetobacter baumanii, Acinetobacter pittii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens) were each grown for 6 hours in Lysogeny Broth and the headspace over the grown cultures was investigated using multi-capillary column-ion mobility spectrometry (MCC-IMS) to detect differences in the VOC composition between the bacteria in the panel. Peak areas with changing signal intensities were statistically analysed, including significance testing using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Results 30 VOC signals (23 in the positive ion mode and 7 in the negative ion mode of the MCC-IMS) showed statistically significant differences in at least one of the investigated bacteria. The VOC patterns of the bacteria within the HAP panel differed substantially and allowed species differentiation. Conclusions MCC-IMS headspace analyses allow differentiation of bacteria within HAP-relevant panel after 6 h of incubation in a complex fluid growth medium. The method has the potential to be developed towards a feasible point-of-care diagnostic tool for pathogen differentiation on HAP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02102-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kunze-Szikszay
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Euler
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Kuhns
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Thieß
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Plant Genetics, University of Hamburg, Ohnhornstraße 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Quintel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Perl
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Ophelders DRMG, Boots AW, Hütten MC, Al-Nasiry S, Jellema RK, Spiller OB, van Schooten FJ, Smolinska A, Wolfs TGAM. Screening of Chorioamnionitis Using Volatile Organic Compound Detection in Exhaled Breath: A Pre-clinical Proof of Concept Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:617906. [PMID: 34123958 PMCID: PMC8187797 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.617906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is a major risk factor for preterm birth and an independent risk factor for postnatal morbidity for which currently successful therapies are lacking. Emerging evidence indicates that the timing and duration of intra-amniotic infections are crucial determinants for the stage of developmental injury at birth. Insight into the dynamical changes of organ injury after the onset of chorioamnionitis revealed novel therapeutic windows of opportunity. Importantly, successful development and implementation of therapies in clinical care is currently impeded by a lack of diagnostic tools for early (prenatal) detection and surveillance of intra-amniotic infections. In the current study we questioned whether an intra-amniotic infection could be accurately diagnosed by a specific volatile organic compound (VOC) profile in exhaled breath of pregnant sheep. For this purpose pregnant Texel ewes were inoculated intra-amniotically with Ureaplasma parvum and serial collections of exhaled breath were performed for 6 days. Ureaplasma parvum infection induced a distinct VOC-signature in expired breath of pregnant sheep that was significantly different between day 0 and 1 vs. day 5 and 6. Based on a profile of only 15 discriminatory volatiles, animals could correctly be classified as either infected (day 5 and 6) or not (day 0 and 1) with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 71% and an area under the curve of 0.93. Chemical identification of these distinct VOCs revealed the presence of a lipid peroxidation marker nonanal and various hydrocarbons including n-undecane and n-dodecane. These data indicate that intra-amniotic infections can be detected by VOC analyses of exhaled breath and might provide insight into temporal dynamics of intra-amniotic infection and its underlying pathways. In particular, several of these volatiles are associated with enhanced oxidative stress and undecane and dodecane have been reported as predictive biomarker of spontaneous preterm birth in humans. Applying VOC analysis for the early detection of intra-amniotic infections will lead to appropriate surveillance of these high-risk pregnancies, thereby facilitating appropriate clinical course of action including early treatment of preventative measures for pre-maturity-associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan R M G Ophelders
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Agnes W Boots
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Matthias C Hütten
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Reint K Jellema
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Owen B Spiller
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim G A M Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Sá C, Matos D, Pires A, Cardoso P, Figueira E. Airborne exposure of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain E20-8 to volatile monoterpenes: Effects on cells challenged by cadmium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121783. [PMID: 31836364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by plants, fungi, bacteria and animals. These compounds are metabolites originated mainly in catabolic reactions and can be involved in biological processes. In this study, the airborne effects of five monoterpenes (α-pinene, limonene, eucalyptol, linalool, and menthol) on the growth and oxidative status of the rhizobial strain Rhizobium leguminosarum E20-8 were studied, testing the hypothesis that these VOCs could influence Rhizobium growth and tolerance to cadmium. The tested monoterpenes were reported to have diverse effects, such as antibacterial activity (linalool, limonene, α-pinene, eucalyptol), modulation of antioxidant response or antioxidant properties (α-pinene and menthol). Our results showed that non-stressed cells of Rhizobium E20-8 have different responses (growth, cell damage and biochemistry) to monoterpenes, with α-pinene and eucalyptol increasing colonies growth. In stressed cells the majority of monoterpenes failed to minimize the detrimental effects of Cd and increased damage, decreased growth and altered cell biochemistry were observed. However, limonene (1 and 100 mM) and eucalyptol (100 nM) were able to increase the growth of Cd-stressed cells. Our study evidences the influence at-a-distance that organisms able to produce monoterpenes may have on the growth and tolerance of bacterial cells challenged by different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sá
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Matos
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adília Pires
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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11
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Ratiu IA, Bocos-Bintintan V, Monedeiro F, Milanowski M, Ligor T, Buszewski B. An Optimistic Vision of Future: Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections by Sensing Their Associated Volatile Organic Compounds. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:501-512. [PMID: 31514505 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1663147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple tests using sniff analysis that have the ability of diagnosing and rapidly distinguishing between infections due to different bacteria are urgently required by medical community worldwide. Professionals interested in this topic wish for these tests to be simultaneously cheap, fast, easily applicable, non-invasive, robust, reliable, and sensitive. Current analytical instrumentation has already the ability for performing real time (minutes or a few dozens of minutes) analysis of volatile bacterial biomarkers (the VOCs emitted by bacteria). Although many articles are available, a review displaying an objective evaluation of the current status in the field is still needed. This review tries to present an overview regarding the bacterial biomarkers released from in vitro cultivation of various bacterial strains and also from different biological matrices investigated, over the last 10 years. We have described results of relevant studies, which used modern analytical techniques to evaluate specific biomarker profiles associated with bacterial infections. Our purpose was to present a comprehensive view of available possibilities for detection of emitted bacterial VOCs from different matrices. We intend that this review to be of general interest for both medical doctors and for all researchers preoccupied with bacterial infectious diseases and their rapid diagnosis using analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Victor Bocos-Bintintan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Fernanda Monedeiro
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, CEP, Brazil
| | - Maciej Milanowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Zhong Q, Cheng F, Liang J, Wang X, Chen Y, Fang X, Hu L, Hang Y. Profiles of volatile indole emitted by Escherichia coli based on CDI-MS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13139. [PMID: 31511564 PMCID: PMC6739388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important pathogen of nosocomial infection in clinical research, Thus, exploring new methods for the rapid detection of this pathogen is urgent. We reported the early release of molecular volatile indole vapour of E. coli cultures and blood cultures analyzed by direct atmospheric corona discharge ionization mass spectrometry (CDI-MS). The concentration of indole in E. coli cultures remarkably increases during the early log and lag phases of bacterial growth, thereby enabling early detection. Technical replicates were cultivated for 3 days for reference diagnosis using current conventional bacteraemia detection. A reference MS screen of common microbes from other genera confirmed that the peaks at m/z 116 signal corresponded to indole were specifically present in E. coli. Our results indicated that volatile indole based on CDI-MS without the need for any sample pretreatment is highly suitable for the reliable and cost-efficient differentiation of E. coli, especially for bacteraemia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi Zhong
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Chest (third people) Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Juchao Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xueyao Fang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Longhua Hu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China.
| | - Yaping Hang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China.
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Karami N, Mirzajani F, Rezadoost H, Karimi A, Fallah F, Ghassempour A, Aliahmadi A. Initial study of three different pathogenic microorganisms by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. F1000Res 2017; 6:1415. [PMID: 29375811 PMCID: PMC5760968 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12003.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnoses of respiratory tract infections usually happen in the late phase of the disease and usually result in reduction of the pathogen load after broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, but not in eradication of the pathogen. The development of a non-invasive, fast, and accurate method to detect pathogens has always been of interest to researchers and clinicians alike. Previous studies have shown that bacteria produce organic gases. The current study aimed to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by three respiratory tract pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.Methods: The VOCs produced were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with prior collection of microbial volatile compounds using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The volatile compounds were collected by obtaining bacterial headspace samples. Results: Results showed that these three organisms have various VOCs, which were analyzed under different conditions. By ignoring common VOCs, some species-specific VOCs could be detected. The most important VOC of E. coli was indole, also some important VOCs produced by S. aureus were 2,3-pentandione, cis-dihydro-α-terpinyl acetate, 1-decyne, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, ethyl butanoate and cyclohexene,4-ethenyl. Furthermore, most of the identified compounds by C. albicans are alcohols. Conclusions: The detection of VOCs produced by infectious agents maybe the key to make a rapid and precise diagnosis of infection, but more comprehensive studies must be conducted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Karami
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Mirzajani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Renewable Energies & New Technologies Engineering (NTE), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atusa Aliahmadi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Karami N, Mirzajani F, Rezadoost H, Karimi A, Fallah F, Ghassempour A, Aliahmadi A. Initial study of three different pathogenic microorganisms by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. F1000Res 2017; 6:1415. [PMID: 29375811 PMCID: PMC5760968 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12003.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnoses of respiratory tract infections usually happen in the late phase of the disease and usually result in reduction of the pathogen load after broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, but not in eradication of the pathogen. The development of a non-invasive, fast, and accurate method to detect pathogens has always been of interest to researchers and clinicians alike. Previous studies have shown that bacteria produce organic gases. The current study aimed to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by three respiratory tract pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.Methods: The VOCs produced were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with prior collection of microbial volatile compounds using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The volatile compounds were collected by obtaining bacterial headspace samples. Results: Results showed that these three organisms have various VOCs, which were analyzed under different conditions. By ignoring common VOCs, some species-specific VOCs could be detected. The most important VOC of E. coli was indole, also some important VOCs produced by S. aureus were 2,3-pentandione, cis-dihydro-α-terpinyl acetate, 1-decyne, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, ethyl butanoate and cyclohexene,4-ethenyl. Furthermore, most of the identified compounds by C. albicans are alcohols. Conclusions: The detection of VOCs produced by infectious agents maybe the key to make a rapid and precise diagnosis of infection, but more comprehensive studies must be conducted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Karami
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Mirzajani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Renewable Energies & New Technologies Engineering (NTE), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atusa Aliahmadi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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