1
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Zhao JY, Zhou LJ, Ma KL, Hao R, Li M. MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13691. [PMID: 38186200 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro-inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Juan Zhou
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Le Ma
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Scheidl TB, Brightwell AL, Easson SH, Thompson JA. Maternal obesity and programming of metabolic syndrome in the offspring: searching for mechanisms in the adipocyte progenitor pool. BMC Med 2023; 21:50. [PMID: 36782211 PMCID: PMC9924890 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is now understood that it is the quality rather than the absolute amount of adipose tissue that confers risk for obesity-associated disease. Adipose-derived stem cells give rise to adipocytes during the developmental establishment of adipose depots. In adult depots, a reservoir of progenitors serves to replace adipocytes that have reached their lifespan and for recruitment to increase lipid buffering capacity under conditions of positive energy balance. MAIN: The adipose tissue expandability hypothesis posits that a failure in de novo differentiation of adipocytes limits lipid storage capacity and leads to spillover of lipids into the circulation, precipitating the onset of obesity-associated disease. Since adipose progenitors are specified to their fate during late fetal life, perturbations in the intrauterine environment may influence the rapid expansion of adipose depots that occurs in childhood or progenitor function in established adult depots. Neonates born to mothers with obesity or diabetes during pregnancy tend to have excessive adiposity at birth and are at increased risk for childhood adiposity and cardiometabolic disease. CONCLUSION In this narrative review, we synthesize current knowledge in the fields of obesity and developmental biology together with literature from the field of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) to put forth the hypothesis that the intrauterine milieu of pregnancies complicated by maternal metabolic disease disturbs adipogenesis in the fetus, thereby accelerating the trajectory of adipose expansion in early postnatal life and predisposing to impaired adipose plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Scheidl
- Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Canada.,University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Amy L Brightwell
- University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah H Easson
- Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada.,University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada. .,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Canada. .,University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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3
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Duran‐Ortiz S, List EO, Ikeno Y, Young J, Basu R, Bell S, McHugh T, Funk K, Mathes S, Qian Y, Kulkarni P, Yakar S, Berryman DE, Kopchick JJ. Growth hormone receptor gene disruption in mature-adult mice improves male insulin sensitivity and extends female lifespan. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13506. [PMID: 34811874 PMCID: PMC8672790 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in multiple species indicate that reducing growth hormone (GH) action enhances healthy lifespan. In fact, GH receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice hold the Methuselah prize for the world's longest-lived laboratory mouse. We previously demonstrated that GHR ablation starting at puberty (1.5 months), improved insulin sensitivity and female lifespan but results in markedly reduced body size. In this study, we investigated the effects of GHR disruption in mature-adult mice at 6 months old (6mGHRKO). These mice exhibited GH resistance (reduced IGF-1 and elevated GH serum levels), increased body adiposity, reduced lean mass, and minimal effects on body length. Importantly, 6mGHRKO males have enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced neoplasms while females exhibited increased median and maximal lifespan. Furthermore, fasting glucose and oxidative damage was reduced in females compared to males irrespective of Ghr deletion. Overall, disrupted GH action in adult mice resulted in sexual dimorphic effects suggesting that GH reduction at older ages may have gerotherapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran‐Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology program Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies San Antonio Texas USA
| | - Jonathan Young
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Stephen Bell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Todd McHugh
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Kevin Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Samuel Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Molecular and Cellular Biology program Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology David B. Kriser Dental Center New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology program Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Diabetes Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology program Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Diabetes Institute Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
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4
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Suzuki A, Miyajima S, Mochizuki S, Umeki M, Sakai K, Koya M, Oda H, Nobuoka K, Ishikawa Y. Suppressive Effect of Yuzu ( Citrus junos) Peel Extract on Fatty Liver Steatosis Induced by a High-sucrose Diet in Rats. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.68.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
| | - Shiori Miyajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
| | | | - Miki Umeki
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Beppu University
| | - Kumiko Sakai
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University
| | - Mami Koya
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University
| | - Hiroaki Oda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Kaoru Nobuoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
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5
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Murillo AL, Kaiser KA, Smith DL, Peterson CM, Affuso O, Tiwari HK, Allison DB. A Systematic Scoping Review of Surgically Manipulated Adipose Tissue and the Regulation of Energetics and Body Fat in Animals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1404-1417. [PMID: 31361090 PMCID: PMC6707830 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical manipulations of adipose tissue by removal, or partial lipectomy, have demonstrated body fat compensation and recovered body weight, suggesting that the body is able to resist changes to body composition. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well understood. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an update on what is currently known about the regulation of energetics and body fat after surgical manipulations of adipose tissue in small mammals. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify 64 eligible studies. Outcome measures included body fat, body weight, food intake, and circulating biomarkers. RESULTS Surgeries performed included lipectomy (72%) or transplantation (12%) in mice (35%), rats (35%), and other small mammals. Findings suggested that lipectomy did not have consistent long-term effects on reducing body weight and fat because regain occurred within 12 to 14 weeks post surgery. Hence, biological feedback mechanisms act to resist long-term changes of body weight or fat. Furthermore, whether this weight and fat regain occurred because of "passive" and "active" regulation under the "set point" or "settling point" theories cannot fully be discerned because of limitations in study designs and data collected. CONCLUSIONS The regulation of energetics and body fat are complex and dynamic processes that require further studies of the interplay of genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn A. Kaiser
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Health Behavior Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Courtney M. Peterson
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Olivia Affuso
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Epidemiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | - David B. Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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6
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Li R, Li K, Zhang L, Wang L, Chen N, Deng X, Luo M, Wu J. Autologous transplantation of photoactivated subcutaneous adipose tissue improves glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1609-1617. [PMID: 31216384 DOI: 10.1002/term.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that normal adipose tissue transplantation improves whole-body energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. Adipose tissue macrophages are associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and obesity in humans, offering a potential target for therapeutics. However, whether transplantation of autologous adipose tissue that changes the macrophage phenotype directly contributes to systemic glucose intolerance has not been determined. We specifically developed our device, with more refined wavelengths of light to activate the macrophage phenotype in isolated subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) from host HFD mice. Autologous transplantation of photoactivated sWAT into HFD mice significantly reverses the M1 macrophage phenotype into M2, reduces the infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissues of HFD mice, and decreases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Strikingly, this transplantation reduced blood glucose levels and caused significant improvement in glucose tolerance, which was not shown in sham-operated or nonphotoactivated sWAT-transplanted HFD mice. Moreover, positron emission/computed tomography scans indicated higher glucose uptake in the heart but not in the liver, hindlimb muscles, or abdominal sWAT. These data suggested that the ability of photoactivation to shift Adipose tissue macrophage polarization in HFD mice caused a significant improvement in glucose homeostasis and that autologous transplantation might be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Harmony Regena Inc., Luzhou, China
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7
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Uranga RM, Keller JN. The Complex Interactions Between Obesity, Metabolism and the Brain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:513. [PMID: 31178685 PMCID: PMC6542999 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing at unprecedented levels globally, and the overall impact of obesity on the various organ systems of the body is only beginning to be fully appreciated. Because of the myriad of direct and indirect effects of obesity causing dysfunction of multiple tissues and organs, it is likely that there will be heterogeneity in the presentation of obesity effects in any given population. Taken together, these realities make it increasingly difficult to understand the complex interplay between obesity effects on different organs, including the brain. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive view of metabolic disturbances present in obesity, their direct and indirect effects on the different organ systems of the body, and to discuss the interaction of these effects in the context of brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina María Uranga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jeffrey Neil Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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8
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Morales Drissi N, Romu T, Landtblom AM, Szakács A, Hallböök T, Darin N, Borga M, Leinhard OD, Engström M. Unexpected Fat Distribution in Adolescents With Narcolepsy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:728. [PMID: 30574118 PMCID: PMC6292486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 is a chronic sleep disorder with significantly higher BMI reported in more than 50% of adolescent patients, putting them at a higher risk for metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Although well-documented, the body fat distribution and mechanisms behind weight gain in narcolepsy are still not fully understood but may be related to the loss of orexin associated with the disease. Orexin has been linked to the regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), a metabolically active fat involved in energy homeostasis. Previous studies have used BMI and waist circumference to characterize adipose tissue increases in narcolepsy but none have investigated its specific distribution. Here, we examine adipose tissue distribution in 19 adolescent patients with narcolepsy type 1 and compare them to 17 of their healthy peers using full body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In line with previous findings we saw that the narcolepsy patients had more overall fat than the healthy controls, but contrary to our expectations there were no group differences in supraclavicular BAT, suggesting that orexin may have no effect at all on BAT, at least under thermoneutral conditions. Also, in line with previous reports, we observed that patients had more total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), however, we found that they had a lower ratio between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and TAAT indicating a relative increase of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (ASAT). This relationship between VAT and ASAT has been associated with a lower risk for metabolic disease. We conclude that while weight gain in adolescents with narcolepsy matches that of central obesity, the lower VAT ratio may suggest a lower risk of developing metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Morales Drissi
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thobias Romu
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Landtblom
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Attilla Szakács
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tove Hallböök
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Borga
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (IMT), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Engström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Maria Engström
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9
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Ademowo OS, Dias HKI, Burton DGA, Griffiths HR. Lipid (per) oxidation in mitochondria: an emerging target in the ageing process? Biogerontology 2017; 18:859-879. [PMID: 28540446 PMCID: PMC5684309 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential for physiological processes such as maintaining membrane integrity, providing a source of energy and acting as signalling molecules to control processes including cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation and apoptosis. Disruption of lipid homeostasis can promote pathological changes that contribute towards biological ageing and age-related diseases. Several age-related diseases have been associated with altered lipid metabolism and an elevation in highly damaging lipid peroxidation products; the latter has been ascribed, at least in part, to mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated ROS formation. In addition, senescent cells, which are known to contribute significantly to age-related pathologies, are also associated with impaired mitochondrial function and changes in lipid metabolism. Therapeutic targeting of dysfunctional mitochondrial and pathological lipid metabolism is an emerging strategy for alleviating their negative impact during ageing and the progression to age-related diseases. Such therapies could include the use of drugs that prevent mitochondrial uncoupling, inhibit inflammatory lipid synthesis, modulate lipid transport or storage, reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and eliminate senescent cells from tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of lipid structure and function, with emphasis on mitochondrial lipids and their potential for therapeutic targeting during ageing and age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Ademowo
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - H K I Dias
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - D G A Burton
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - H R Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
- Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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10
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Torres-Villalobos G, Hamdan-Pérez N, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Tovar AR, Torre-Villalvazo I, Ordaz-Nava G, Morán-Ramos S, Noriega LG, Martínez-Benítez B, López-Garibay A, Torres-Landa S, Ceballos-Cantú JC, Tovar-Palacio C, Figueroa-Juárez E, Hiriart M, Medina-Santillán R, Castillo-Hernández C, Torres N. Autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue transplants improve adipose tissue metabolism and reduce insulin resistance and fatty liver in diet-induced obesity rats. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12909. [PMID: 27582062 PMCID: PMC5027344 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long‐term dietary and pharmacological treatments for obesity have been questioned, particularly in individuals with severe obesity, so a new approach may involve adipose tissue transplants, particularly autologous transplants. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transplants into two specific intraabdominal cavity sites (omental and retroperitoneal) after 90 days. The study was performed using two different diet‐induced obesity (DIO) rat models: one using a high‐fat diet (HFD) and the other using a high‐carbohydrate diet (HCHD). Autologous SAT transplant reduced hypertrophic adipocytes, improved insulin sensitivity, reduced hepatic lipid content, and fasting serum‐free fatty acids (FFAs) concentrations in the two DIO models. In addition, the reductions in FFAs and glycerol were accompanied by a greater reduction in lipolysis, assessed via the phosphorylation status of HSL, in the transplanted adipose tissue localized in the omentum compared with that localized in the retroperitoneal compartment. Therefore, the improvement in hepatic lipid content after autologous SAT transplant may be partially attributed to a reduction in lipolysis in the transplanted adipose tissue in the omentum due to the direct drainage of FFAs into the liver. The HCHD resulted in elevated fasting and postprandial serum insulin levels, which were dramatically reduced by the autologous SAT transplant. In conclusion, the specific intraabdominal localization of the autologous SAT transplant improved the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of adipose tissue in obese rats and selectively corrected the metabolic parameters that are dependent on the type of diet used to generate the DIO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos
- Depto. de Cirugía, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico Depto. de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nashla Hamdan-Pérez
- Depto. de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Depto. de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Depto. de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Depto. de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ordaz-Nava
- Depto. de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sofía Morán-Ramos
- Depto. de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Depto. de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio Martínez-Benítez
- Depto. de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro López-Garibay
- Depto. de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Torres-Landa
- Depto. de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C Ceballos-Cantú
- Depto. de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- Depto. de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Figueroa-Juárez
- Depto. de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Medina-Santillán
- Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Castillo-Hernández
- Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Depto. de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yang GT, Zhao HY, Kong Y, Sun NN, Dong AQ. Study of the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric function in obese rats. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2940-2947. [PMID: 28522911 PMCID: PMC5413788 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric function in obese rats.
METHODS The obese rat model was induced by a high-fat diet. The gastric emptying rate and gastric acid secretory capacity of the rats were determined after treatment with different drug concentrations of nesfatin-1 and administration routes. Based on this, the expression of H+/K+-ATPase was measured using RT-PCR and western blot to preliminarily explore the mechanism of gastric acid secretion changes.
RESULTS Body weight, body length, and Lee’s index of the rats significantly increased in the high-fat diet-induced obese rat model. Two hours after lateral intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1, the gastric emptying rate and gastric acid secretory capacity of rats decreased. Four hours after injection, both were restored to normal levels. In addition, the expression of H+/K+-ATPase decreased and moved in line with changes in gastric acid secretory capacity. This in vivo experiment revealed that intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1, rather than intravenous injection, could suppress gastric function in obese rats. Moreover, its effect on the gastric emptying and gastric acid secretory capacity of rats is dose-dependent within a certain period of time.
CONCLUSION Through this research, we provide a theoretical basis for further studies on nesfatin-1, a potential anti-obesity drug.
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Adipokine Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5468023. [PMID: 28490838 PMCID: PMC5401756 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5468023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that overweight and obesity play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, joint overload is not the only risk factor in this disease. For instance, the presence of OA in non-weight-bearing joints such as the hand suggests that metabolic factors may also contribute to its pathogenesis. Recently, white adipose tissue (WAT) has been recognized not only as an energy reservoir but also as an important secretory organ of adipokines. In this regard, adipokines have been closely associated with obesity and also play an important role in bone and cartilage homeostasis. Furthermore, drugs such as rosuvastatin or rosiglitazone have demonstrated chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in cartilage explants from patients with OA. Thus, it seems that adipokines are important factors linking obesity, adiposity, and inflammation in OA. In this review, we are focused on establishing the physiological mechanisms of adipokines on cartilage homeostasis and evaluating their role in the pathophysiology of OA based on evidence derived from experimental research as well as from clinical-epidemiological studies.
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