1
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Fu P, Wang C, Zheng S, Qiao L, Gao W, Gong L. Connection of pre-competition anxiety with gut microbiota and metabolites in wrestlers with varying sports performances based on brain-gut axis theory. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:147. [PMID: 38678197 PMCID: PMC11055349 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection of pre-competition anxiety with gut microbiota and metabolites in wrestlers with different sports performances. METHODS One week prior to a national competition, 12 wrestlers completed anxiety questionnaires. Faecal and urine samples were collected for the analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites through the high-throughput sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene in conjunction with untargeted metabolomics technology. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely, achievement (CP) and no-achievement (CnP) wrestlers, on the basis of whether or not their performances placed them in the top 16 at the competition. The relationship amongst the variations in gut microbiota, metabolites, and anxiety indicators was analyzed. RESULTS (1) The CP group exhibited significantly higher levels of "state self-confidence," "self-confidence," and "somatic state anxiety" than the CnP group. Conversely, the CP group displayed lower levels of "individual failure anxiety" and "sports competition anxiety" than the CnP group. (2) The gut microbiota in the CP group was more diverse and abundant than that in the CnP group. Pre-competition anxiety was linked to Oscillospiraceae UCG_005, Paraprevotella, Ruminococcaceae and TM7x. (3) The functions of differential metabolites in faeces and urine of the CP/CnP group were mainly enriched in caffeine metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and VEGF and mTOR signaling pathways. Common differential metabolites in feces and urine were significantly associated with multiple anxiety indicators. CONCLUSIONS Wrestlers with different sports performance have different pre-competition anxiety states, gut microbiota distribution and abundance and differential metabolites in faeces and urine. A certain correlation exists between these psychological and physiological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Fu
- Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- College of Sports and Health Sciences, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- School of Languages and Cultural Communication, English Department, Xi'An Mingde Institute of Technology, Xi'an, 710124, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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2
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Ho CSH, Tan TWK, Khoe HCH, Chan YL, Tay GWN, Tang TB. Using an Interpretable Amino Acid-Based Machine Learning Method to Enhance the Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1222. [PMID: 38592058 PMCID: PMC10931723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. At present, however, there are no established biomarkers that have been validated for diagnosing and treating MDD. This study sought to assess the diagnostic and predictive potential of the differences in serum amino acid concentration levels between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs), integrating them into interpretable machine learning models. Methods: In total, 70 MDD patients and 70 HCs matched in age, gender, and ethnicity were recruited for the study. Serum amino acid profiling was conducted by means of chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 21 metabolites were analysed, with 17 from a preset amino acid panel and the remaining 4 from a preset kynurenine panel. Logistic regression was applied to differentiate MDD patients from HCs. Results: The best-performing model utilised both feature selection and hyperparameter optimisation and yielded a moderate area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) classification value of 0.76 on the testing data. The top five metabolites identified as potential biomarkers for MDD were 3-hydroxy-kynurenine, valine, kynurenine, glutamic acid, and xanthurenic acid. Conclusions: Our study highlights the potential of using an interpretable machine learning analysis model based on amino acids to aid and increase the diagnostic accuracy of MDD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Trevor Wei Kiat Tan
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
- Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Howard Cai Hao Khoe
- Singapore Psychiatry Residency, National Healthcare Group, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
| | - Yee Ling Chan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (Y.L.C.); (T.B.T.)
| | - Gabrielle Wann Nii Tay
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Tong Boon Tang
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (Y.L.C.); (T.B.T.)
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3
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Liu X, Li Y, Gu M, Xu T, Wang C, Chang P. Radiation enteropathy-related depression: A neglectable course of disease by gut bacterial dysbiosis. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6865. [PMID: 38457257 PMCID: PMC10923036 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation enteropathy (RE) is common in patients treated with radiotherapy for pelvic-abdominal cancers. Accumulating data indicate that gut commensal bacteria determine intestinal radiosensitivity. Radiotherapy can result in gut bacterial dysbiosis. Gut bacterial dysbiosis contributes to the pathogenesis of RE. Mild to moderate depressive symptoms can be observed in patients with RE in clinical settings; however, the rate of these symptoms has not been reported. Studies have demonstrated that gut bacterial dysbiosis induces depression. In the state of comorbidity, RE and depression may be understood as local and abscopal manifestations of gut bacterial disorders. The ability of comorbid depression to worsen inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has long been demonstrated and is associated with dysfunction of cholinergic neural anti-inflammatory pathways. There is a lack of direct evidence for RE comorbid with depression. It is widely accepted that RE shares similar pathophysiologic mechanisms with IBD. Therefore, we may be able to draw on the findings of the relationship between IBD and depression. This review will explore the relationship between gut bacteria, RE, and depression in light of the available evidence and indicate a method for investigating the mechanisms of RE combined with depression. We will also describe new developments in the treatment of RE with probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Meichen Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tiankai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chuanlei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Pengyu Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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4
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Réus GZ, Manosso LM, Quevedo J, Carvalho AF. Major depressive disorder as a neuro-immune disorder: Origin, mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105425. [PMID: 37852343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding advances in understanding the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), no single mechanism can explain all facets of this disorder. An expanding body of evidence indicates a putative role for the inflammatory response. Several meta-analyses showed an increase in systemic peripheral inflammatory markers in individuals with MDD. Numerous conditions and circumstances in the modern world may promote chronic systemic inflammation through mechanisms, including alterations in the gut microbiota. Peripheral cytokines may reach the brain and contribute to neuroinflammation through cellular, humoral, and neural pathways. On the other hand, antidepressant drugs may decrease peripheral levels of inflammatory markers. Anti-inflammatory drugs and nutritional strategies that reduce inflammation also could improve depressive symptoms. The present study provides a critical review of recent advances in the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, this review discusses the role of glial cells and the main drivers of changes associated with neuroinflammation. Finally, we highlight possible novel neurotherapeutic targets for MDD that could exert antidepressant effects by modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luana M Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Guo X, Wang Z, Qu M, Guo Y, Yu M, Hong W, Zhang C, Fan X, Song J, Xu R, Zhang J, Huang H, Linghu E, Wang FS, Sun L, Jiao YM. Abnormal blood microbiota profiles are associated with inflammation and immune restoration in HIV/AIDS individuals. mSystems 2023; 8:e0046723. [PMID: 37698407 PMCID: PMC10654078 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00467-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The characteristics of blood microbiota in HIV-infected individuals and their relevance to disease progression are still unknown, despite alterations in gut microbiota diversity and composition in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we present evidence of increased blood microbiota diversity in HIV-infected individuals, which may result from gut microbiota translocation. Also, we identify a group of microbes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella sp. CAG:5226, Eubacterium sp. CAG:251, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Prevotella sp. AM34-19LB, and Phocaeicola plebeius, which are linked to poor immunological recovery. This work provides a scientific foundation toward therapeutic strategies targeting blood microbiota for immune recovery of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Guo
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zerui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Qu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntian Guo
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Minrui Yu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Hong
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwen Song
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huihuang Huang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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6
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Rust C, Malan-Muller S, van den Heuvel LL, Tonge D, Seedat S, Pretorius E, Hemmings SMJ. Platelets bridging the gap between gut dysbiosis and neuroinflammation in stress-linked disorders: A narrative review. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578155. [PMID: 37523892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we examine the association between gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, and stress-linked disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and investigate whether tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and platelets play a role in this association. The mechanisms underlying the aetiology of stress-linked disorders are complex and not yet completely understood. However, a potential link between chronic inflammation and these disorders may potentially be found in TRP metabolism and platelets. By critically analysing existing literature on platelets, the gut microbiome, and stress-linked disorders, we hope to elicit the role of platelets in mediating the effects on serotonin (5-HT) levels and neuroinflammation. We have included studies specifically investigating platelets and TRP metabolism in relation to inflammation, neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Alteration in microbial composition due to stress could contribute to increased intestinal permeability, facilitating the translocation of microbial products, and triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This causes platelets to become hyperactive and secrete 5-HT into the plasma. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may also lead to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), allowing inflammatory mediators entry into the brain, affecting the balance of TRP metabolism products, such as 5-HT, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN). These alterations may contribute to neuroinflammation and possible neurological damage. Furthermore, platelets can cross the compromised BBB and interact with astrocytes and neurons, leading to the secretion of 5-HT and pro-inflammatory factors, exacerbating inflammatory conditions in the brain. The mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation resulting from peripheral inflammation are still unclear, but the connection between the brain and gut through the bloodstream could be significant. Identifying peripheral biomarkers and mechanisms in the plasma that reflect neuroinflammation may be important. This review serves as a foundation for further research on the association between the gut microbiome, blood microbiome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The integration of these findings with protein and metabolite markers in the blood may expand our understanding of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlien Rust
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Stefanie Malan-Muller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel Tonge
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Newcastle, England, UK
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
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7
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Sciarra F, Franceschini E, Campolo F, Venneri MA. The Diagnostic Potential of the Human Blood Microbiome: Are We Dreaming or Awake? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10422. [PMID: 37445600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human blood has historically been considered a sterile environment. Recently, a thriving microbiome dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected in healthy blood. The localization of these microbes is restricted to some blood cell populations, particularly the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and erythrocytes. It was hypothesized that the blood microbiome originates from the skin-oral-gut axis. In addition, many studies have evaluated the potential of blood microbiome dysbiosis as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, severe liver fibrosis, severe acute pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases. The present review aims to summarize current findings and most recent evidence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Franceschini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Wu SK, Chen WJ, Chang JPC, Guu TW, Hsin MC, Huang CK, Mischoulon D, Capuron L, Su KP. Personalized Medicine of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Depression Treatment in Obese and Metabolically Dysregulated Patients. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1003. [PMID: 37373992 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13061003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of depression and obesity has become a significant public health concern worldwide. Recent studies have shown that metabolic dysfunction, which is commonly observed in obese individuals and is characterized by inflammation, insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and hypertension, is a critical risk factor for depression. This dysfunction may induce structural and functional changes in the brain, ultimately contributing to depression's development. Given that obesity and depression mutually increase each other's risk of development by 50-60%, there is a need for effective interventions that address both conditions. The comorbidity of depression with obesity and metabolic dysregulation is thought to be related to chronic low-grade inflammation, characterized by increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP). As pharmacotherapy fails in at least 30-40% of cases to adequately treat major depressive disorder, a nutritional approach is emerging as a promising alternative. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are a promising dietary intervention that can reduce inflammatory biomarkers, particularly in patients with high levels of inflammation, including pregnant women with gestational diabetes, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and overweight individuals with major depressive disorder. Further efforts directed at implementing these strategies in clinical practice could contribute to improved outcomes in patients with depression, comorbid obesity, and/or metabolic dysregulation.
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Grants
- MOST 109-2320-B-038-057-MY3, 110-2321-B-006-004, 110-2811-B-039-507, 110-2320-B-039-048-MY2,110-2320-B-039-047-MY3, 110-2813-C-039-327-B, 110-2314-B-039-029-MY3, 111-2321-B-006-008, and NSTC 111-2314-B-039-041-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- ANHRF 109-31, 109-40, 110-13, 110-26, 110-44, 110-45, 111-27, 111-28, 111-47, 111-48, and 111-52 An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- CMRC-CMA-2 Ministry of Education (MOE), Taiwan
- CMU 110-AWARD-02, 110-N-17, 1110-SR-73 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- DMR-106-101, 106-227, 109-102, 109-244, 110-124, 111-245, 112-097, 112-086, 112-109, 112-232 and DMR-HHC-109-11, HHC-109-12, HHC-110-10, and HHC-111-8 China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet-Kei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Guu
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Hsin
- Body Science & Metabolic Disorders International Medical Centre (BMIMC), China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kun Huang
- Body Science & Metabolic Disorders International Medical Centre (BMIMC), China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lucile Capuron
- NutriNeuro, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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9
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Chen MM, Wang P, Xie XH, Nie Z, Xu SX, Zhang N, Wang W, Yao L, Liu Z. Young adults with major depression show altered microbiome. Neuroscience 2023; 522:23-32. [PMID: 37169166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is growing basic and clinical evidence that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with gut microbiome alterations, but clinical studies have tended not to adjust for confounding factors. And few studies on the gut microbiome focused on young adults with MDD. Here we performed a pilot study to compare the gut microbiome of young adults with MDD with healthy controls. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on stool samples obtained from 40 young adults with MDD and 42 healthy controls. After controlling for confounding factors including sex, age, BMI, alcohol or cigarette consumption, bowel movement quality, exercise or defecation frequency, we compared microbiome diversity between groups, identified differentially abundant taxa, and further compared functional differences through gut-brain and gut-metabolic module analysis. There were no significant differences in overall gut microbiome structure and function in young adults with MDD compared with controls. Abundance of Sutterellaceae and species belonging to Clostridium, Eubacterium, and Ruminococcus were significantly different between groups. The cysteine degradation I pathway was increased in MDD. After controlling for most confounding factors, this pilot study provides new evidence on the specific, often subtle gut dysbiosis affecting young adults with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian-Mian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Zhaowen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000 China.
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10
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Cheng HS, Tan SP, Wong DMK, Koo WLY, Wong SH, Tan NS. The Blood Microbiome and Health: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065633. [PMID: 36982702 PMCID: PMC10059777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood is conventionally thought to be sterile. However, emerging evidence on the blood microbiome has started to challenge this notion. Recent reports have revealed the presence of genetic materials of microbes or pathogens in the blood circulation, leading to the conceptualization of a blood microbiome that is vital for physical wellbeing. Dysbiosis of the blood microbial profile has been implicated in a wide range of health conditions. Our review aims to consolidate recent findings about the blood microbiome in human health and to highlight the existing controversies, prospects, and challenges around this topic. Current evidence does not seem to support the presence of a core healthy blood microbiome. Common microbial taxa have been identified in some diseases, for instance, Legionella and Devosia in kidney impairment, Bacteroides in cirrhosis, Escherichia/Shigella and Staphylococcus in inflammatory diseases, and Janthinobacterium in mood disorders. While the presence of culturable blood microbes remains debatable, their genetic materials in the blood could potentially be exploited to improve precision medicine for cancers, pregnancy-related complications, and asthma by augmenting patient stratification. Key controversies in blood microbiome research are the susceptibility of low-biomass samples to exogenous contamination and undetermined microbial viability from NGS-based microbial profiling, however, ongoing initiatives are attempting to mitigate these issues. We also envisage future blood microbiome research to adopt more robust and standardized approaches, to delve into the origins of these multibiome genetic materials and to focus on host–microbe interactions through the elaboration of causative and mechanistic relationships with the aid of more accurate and powerful analytical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (S.H.W.); (N.S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6904-1294; Fax: +65-6339-2889
| | - Sin Pei Tan
- Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Jalan Mutiara Emas Utama, Taman Mount Austin, Johor Bahru 81100, Malaysia
| | - David Meng Kit Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Wei Ling Yolanda Koo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (S.H.W.); (N.S.T.)
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (S.H.W.); (N.S.T.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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11
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Shan D, You L, Wan X, Yang H, Zhao M, Chen S, Jiang W, Xu Q, Yuan Y. Serum metabolomic profiling revealed potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with panic disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:461-471. [PMID: 36493940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, specific metabolites and diagnostic biomarkers of panic disorder (PD) patients have not been identified in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore metabolites and metabolic pathways in serum through a metabolomics method. METHODS Fifty-five PD patients who completed 2 weeks of inpatient treatment and 55 healthy control subjects (HCs) matched for age, sex and BMI were recruited. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect metabolites in serum. Multivariate Statistical Analysis was used to identify differential metabolites. The relevant biometabolic pathways were further identified by the online tool MetaboAnalyst 5.0. RESULTS 43 different metabolites in PD patients compared to HCs (P < 0.05) were screened. Pathway analysis showed that these small molecules were mainly associated with amino acid metabolism. 14 metabolites were significantly changed after 2 weeks of drug treatment (P < 0.05), which were mainly associated with tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our analysis of metabolomics of PD patients at baseline and two weeks after treatment screened for differential metabolites that could be potential diagnostic biomarkers involved in PD pathogenesis and influence some biometabolic pathways such as phenylalanine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. In the future, we can summarize and observe the dynamic changes of differential metabolites that appear more frequently in similar studies to further explore the underlying mechanisms of PD evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin You
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuerui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Forth E, Buehner B, Storer A, Sgarbossa C, Milev R, Chinna Meyyappan A. Systematic review of probiotics as an adjuvant treatment for psychiatric disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1111349. [PMID: 36844651 PMCID: PMC9947154 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many psychiatric illnesses have been linked to the gut microbiome, with supplements such as probiotics showing some efficacy in alleviating the symptoms of some psychiatric illnesses. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current literature investigating the effects of adjuvant probiotic or synbiotic administration in combination with first-line treatments for psychiatric illnesses. Method A systematic search of four databases was conducted using key terms related to treatments for psychiatric illnesses, the gut microbiome, and probiotics. All results were then evaluated based on specific eligibility criteria. Results Eight studies met eligibility criteria and were analyzed for reported changes in outcome measures used to assess the symptoms of psychiatric illness and the tolerability of treatment. All Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (n = 5) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (n = 1) studies found adjuvant probiotic or synbiotic treatment to be more efficacious in improving the symptoms of psychiatric illness than the first-line treatment alone or with placebo. The schizophrenia studies (n = 2) found adjuvant probiotic treatment to have no significant difference in clinical outcomes, but it was found to improve the tolerability of first-line antipsychotics. Discussion and conclusion The findings of the studies included in this review suggest the use of adjuvant probiotic treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for MDD and GAD to be superior to SSRI treatment alone. Probiotic adjuvant treatment with antipsychotics could be beneficial for improving the tolerability of the antipsychotics, but these findings do not suggest that adjuvant probiotic treatment would result in improved clinical outcomes for symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Forth
- Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Evan Forth,
| | - Benjamin Buehner
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Storer
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cassandra Sgarbossa
- Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Arthi Chinna Meyyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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13
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Chen G, Zhou S, Chen Q, Liu M, Dong M, Hou J, Zhou B. Tryptophan-5-HT pathway disorder was uncovered in the olfactory bulb of a depression mice model by metabolomic analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:965697. [PMID: 36299862 PMCID: PMC9589483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.965697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression (MD) is a severe mental illness that creates a heavy social burden, and the potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Lots of research demonstrate that the olfactory bulb is associated with MD. Recently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic studies on depressive rats indicated that metabolisms of purine and lipids were disordered in the olfactory bulb. With various physicochemical properties and extensive concentration ranges, a single analytical technique could not completely cover all metabolites, hence it is necessary to adopt another metabolomic technique to seek new biomarkers or molecular mechanisms for depression. Therefore, we adopted a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabonomic technique in the chronic mild stress (CMS) model to investigate significant metabolic changes in the olfactory bulb of the mice. We discovered and identified 16 differential metabolites in the olfactory bulb of the CMS treatments. Metabolic pathway analysis by MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was generated according to the differential metabolites, which indicated that the tryptophan metabolism pathway was the core pathogenesis in the olfactory bulb of the CMS depression model. Further, the expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase (TpH) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of TpH was increased after CMS treatment, and the level of AAAD was unaltered. These results revealed that abnormal metabolism of the tryptophan pathway in the olfactory bulb mediated the occurrence of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixue Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Meixue Dong
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Jiabao Hou
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Benhong Zhou
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14
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Human Blood Bacteriome: Eubiotic and Dysbiotic States in Health and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132015. [PMID: 35805098 PMCID: PMC9265464 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is acknowledged as being associated with homeostasis and the pathogenesis of several diseases. Conventional culture techniques are limited in that they cannot culture the commensals; however, next-generation sequencing has facilitated the discovery of the diverse and delicate microbial relationship in body sites and blood. Increasing evidence regarding the blood microbiome has revolutionized the concept of sterility and germ theory in circulation. Among the types of microbial communities in the blood, bacteriomes associated with many health conditions have been thoroughly investigated. Blood bacterial profiles in healthy subjects are identified as the eubiotic blood bacteriome, whereas the dysbiotic blood bacteriome represents the change in bacterial characteristics in subjects with diseases showing deviations from the eubiotic profiles. The blood bacterial characteristics in each study are heterogeneous; thus, the association between eubiotic and dysbiotic blood bacteriomes and health and disease is still debatable. Thereby, this review aims to summarize and discuss the evidence concerning eubiotic and dysbiotic blood bacteriomes characterized by next-generation sequencing in human studies. Knowledge pertaining to the blood bacteriome will transform the concepts around health and disease in humans, facilitating clinical implementation in the near future.
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15
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F. Guerreiro Costa LN, Carneiro BA, Alves GS, Lins Silva DH, Faria Guimaraes D, Souza LS, Bandeira ID, Beanes G, Miranda Scippa A, Quarantini LC. Metabolomics of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies. Cureus 2022; 14:e23009. [PMID: 35415046 PMCID: PMC8993993 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the understanding of the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) has advanced greatly, this has not been translated into improved outcomes. To date, no biomarkers have been identified for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of MDD. Thus, we aim to review the biomarkers that are differentially expressed in MDD. A systematic review was conducted in January 2022 in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and Gale Academic OneFile databases for clinical studies published from January 2001 onward using the following terms: “Depression” OR “Depressive disorder” AND “Metabolomic.” Multiple metabolites were found at altered levels in MDD, demonstrating the involvement of cellular signaling metabolites, components of the cell membrane, neurotransmitters, inflammatory and immunological mediators, hormone activators and precursors, and sleep controllers. Kynurenine and acylcarnitine were identified as consistent with depression and response to treatment. The most consistent evidence found was regarding kynurenine and acylcarnitine. Although the data obtained allow us to identify how metabolic pathways are affected in MDD, there is still not enough evidence to propose changes to current diagnostic and therapeutic actions. Some limitations are the heterogeneity of studies on metabolites, methods for detection, analyzed body fluids, and treatments used. The experiments contemplated in the review identified increased or reduced levels of metabolites, but not necessarily increased or reduced the activity of the associated pathways. The information acquired through metabolomic analyses does not specify whether the changes identified in the metabolites are a cause or a consequence of the pathology.
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16
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Jiang R, Wang Y, Liu J, Wu Z, Wang D, Deng Q, Yang C, Zhou Q. Gut microbiota is involved in the antidepressant effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in chronic social defeat stress mouse model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:533-549. [PMID: 34981181 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Growing evidence supports the role of microbiota in regulating gut-brain interactions and, thus, contributing to the pathogenesis of depression and the antidepressant actions. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), as important members of the stem cell family, were demonstrated to alleviate depression behaviors. However, the role of gut microbiota in ADSCs alleviating depression in chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model is unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of ADSCs on depression symptoms and detect the changes in the composition of gut microbiota. RESULTS We found that ADSCs administration significantly ameliorated CSDS-induced depression behaviors, which was accompanied by alteration in the gut microbiota. The principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) results showed that there was a significant difference between the gut microbiota among the groups. Remarkably, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that order Micrococcales, order Rhizobiales and species Bacteroides acidifaciens are potentially important biomarkers for the antidepressant effects of ADSCs in CSDS model. CONCLUSIONS ADSCs are effective in treating depression behaviors in CSDS model, which might be partly due to the regulation of abnormal composition of gut microbiota. Thus, ADSCs offer a promising therapeutic strategy for treating depression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junbi Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zifeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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17
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Cai LF, Wang SB, Hou CL, Li ZB, Liao YJ, Jia FJ. Association Between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Gut Microbial Characteristics in Chinese Adolescent. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1315-1328. [PMID: 35799798 PMCID: PMC9255420 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s360588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE By exploring the gut-related microbiota differences of adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and depression (without NSSI) and healthy volunteers, we provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of NSSI in adolescents through intestinal microecological regulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 99 subjects were recruited in Guangdong Province, China, including 51 adolescents with NSSI (KD), 24 healthy adolescents (NOR1), and 24 depression adolescents without NSSI (NOR2). General clinical data and fecal samples were collected from all subjects, who were assessed using the NSSI Behavioral Questionnaire and the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale. The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota was determined using the 16S rDNA gene sequencing method. RESULTS There were significant differences in diversity between the KD and NOR1, and the species uniformity index of the KD according to the Shannon and Simpson indices was significantly reduced compared with that of the NOR1 (4.81 vs 5.21, p<0.01; 0.02 vs 0.01, p<0.05). The relative abundances were different among the KD, NOR1 and NOR2, as reflected at the taxonomic levels of class, order, family, genus, and species. Bacteroides were the dominant flora of the KD and NOR2, while Mitsuokella was the dominant flora that distinguished the KD from the NOR2. CONCLUSION We found that gut microbiota diversity was decreased in adolescents with NSSI, and the relative abundance was altered at different taxonomic levels. These results enrich the understanding of the relationship between NSSI and depression and the gut microbiota, Supporting that NSSI and depression are not homologous disorders. What is more, it establishes the basis for exploring the mechanisms of flora action in NSSI, providing a possible direction for NSSI to achieve a better prognosis and prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Cai
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Lan Hou
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Bin Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Liao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Jun Jia
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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18
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Jiang Y, Qin M, Teng T, Li X, Yu Y, Wang J, Wu H, He Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Identification of Sex-Specific Plasma Biomarkers Using Metabolomics for Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:929207. [PMID: 35911235 PMCID: PMC9329558 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.929207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents are at a high risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) with known sex differences in epidemiology. However, there are currently no objective laboratory-based sex-specific biomarkers available to support the diagnoses of male and female patients with MDD. METHODS Here, a male set of 42 cases and 27 healthy controls (HCs) and a female set of 42 cases and 22 HCs were recruited. This study investigated the sex differences of plasma metabolite biomarkers in young patients with MDD by the application of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS The metabolic profiles showed clear separations in both male and female sets. In total, this study identified 57 male-related and 53 female-related differential metabolites. Compared with HCs, both male and female subjects with MDD displayed four significantly altered pathways. Notably, biliverdin was selected as an independent diagnostic male-specific biomarker with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.966, and phosphatidylcholine (10:0/14:1) was selected as a female-specific biomarker, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.957. CONCLUSION This metabolomics study may aid in the development of a plasma-based test for the diagnosis of male and female children and adolescents with MDD, as well as give new insight into the pathophysiology of sex differences in children and adolescents with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengchang Qin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqian He
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Lee S, Mun S, Lee YR, Choi H, Joo EJ, Kang HG, Lee J. Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1002828. [PMID: 36458116 PMCID: PMC9707625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1002828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that accompany psychophysiological and mood changes. However, the pathophysiology-based disease mechanism of MDD is not yet fully understood, and diagnosis is also conducted through interviews with clinicians and patients. Diagnosis and treatment of MDD are limited due to the absence of biomarkers underlying the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD. Although various attempts have been made to discover metabolite biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment response of MDD, problems with sample size and consistency of results have limited clinical application. In addition, it was reported that future biomarker studies must consider exposure to antidepressants, which is the main cause of heterogeneity in depression subgroups. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discover and validate biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression in consideration of exposure to drug treatment including antidepressants that contribute to the heterogeneity of the MDD subgroup. In the biomarker discovery and validation set, the disease group consisted of a mixture of patients exposed and unexposed to drug treatment including antidepressants for the treatment of MDD. The serum metabolites that differed between the MDD patients and the control group were profiled using mass spectrometry. The validation set including the remission group was used to verify the effectiveness as a biomarker for the diagnosis of depression and determination of remission status. The presence of different metabolites between the two groups was confirmed through serum metabolite profiling between the MDD patient group and the control group. Finally, Acetylcarnitine was selected as a biomarker. In validation, acetylcarnitine was significantly decreased in MDD and was distinguished from remission status. This study confirmed that the discovered acetylcarnitine has potential as a biomarker for diagnosing depression and determining remission status, regardless of exposure to drug treatment including antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Sora Mun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - You-Rim Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Hyebin Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Jiyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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Gut Hormones as Potential Therapeutic Targets or Biomarkers of Response in Depression: The Case of Motilin. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090892. [PMID: 34575041 PMCID: PMC8465535 DOI: 10.3390/life11090892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified the gut–brain axis as a key mechanistic pathway and potential therapeutic target in depression. In this paper, the potential role of gut hormones as potential treatments or predictors of response in depression is examined, with specific reference to the peptide hormone motilin. This possibility is explored through two methods: (1) a conceptual review of the possible links between motilin and depression, including evidence from animal and human research as well as clinical trials, based on a literature search of three scientific databases, and (2) an analysis of the relationship between a functional polymorphism (rs2281820) of the motilin (MLN) gene and cross-national variations in the prevalence of depression based on allele frequency data after correction for potential confounders. It was observed that (1) there are several plausible mechanisms, including interactions with diet, monoamine, and neuroendocrine pathways, to suggest that motilin may be relevant to the pathophysiology and treatment of depression, and (2) there was a significant correlation between rs2281820 allele frequencies and the prevalence of depression after correcting for multiple confounding factors. These results suggest that further evaluation of the utility of motilin and related gut peptides as markers of antidepressant response is required and that these molecular pathways represent potential future mechanisms for antidepressant drug development.
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