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Bolsunovsky A, Trofimova E, Zueva A, Miroshnikova K, Dementyev D. The use of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis to assess the effects of low-dose gamma irradiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 264:107203. [PMID: 37186983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Responses of cytogenetic and growth endpoints of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis were studied using the plants collected from non-contaminated control areas of the Yenisei River and exposed to external γ-radiation for 11-13 days in the laboratory. Elodea canadensis was exposed to 0.5-25 mGy/day γ-radiation dose rates from a 137Cs source. The total number of aberrant cells and total root length were more sensitive elodea endpoints to γ-radiation than total shoot length and mitotic index of elodea. Radiation sensitivity of elodea can be compared with the sensitivity of such a Reference Plant as Wild Grass (1-10 mGy/day) recommended by the ICRP. Thus, the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis can be used as a radiation bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bolsunovsky
- Radioecology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| | - Elena Trofimova
- Radioecology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Zueva
- Radioecology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Ksenia Miroshnikova
- Radioecology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dementyev
- Radioecology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
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Xavier MN, Torres Novaes JA, Cavalcante Silva AC, Silva Alves AV, Bryanne Araujo Santos MJ, de Moraes Pantaleão S, Scher R, d'Errico F, Oliveira de Souza S. Cytogenetic effects of β-particles in Allium cepa cells used as a biological indicator for radiation damages. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 259-260:107109. [PMID: 36652762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of cytogenetics effects of ionizing radiation for flora and fauna is essential to determine the impact on these communities and may produce an efficient warning system to avoid harm to human health. Onion (Allium cepa) is a well-established in vivo standard model, and it is widely used in cytogenetics studies for different environmental pollutants. In this work, onion roots were exposed to 0.04-1.44 Gy of β-particles from a 90Sr/90Y source. We investigated the capacity of brief external exposures to β-particles on inducing cytogenetic damages in root meristematic cells of onion aiming to verify if onion can be used as a radiation-sensitive cytogenetic bioindicator. A nonlinear increase in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and cells with micronuclei was observed. Onion roots exposed to doses 0.13 Gy or higher of β-particles showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in these frequencies when compared to the unirradiated group. The frequencies of these endpoints showed to be suitable to assess the difference in the dose of beta radiation received from 0.36 Gy. Our research shows the potential of using cytogenetic effects in Allium cepa cells as a biological indicator for a first screening of genotoxic damages induced by brief external exposures to β-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Scher
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Francesco d'Errico
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Scuola di Ingegneria, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Geras'kin S, Minkenova K, Perevolotsky A, Baigazinov Z, Perevolotskaya T. Threshold dose rates for the cytogenetic effects in crested hairgrass populations from the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, Kazakhstan. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125817. [PMID: 33865108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of cytogenetic effects in crested hairgrass (Koeleria gracilis Pers.) populations was carried out within the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (Kazakhstan) where combat radioactive substances were tested in 1953-1957. Current levels of radioactive contamination within this site are varied by orders of magnitude, while soil characteristics and heavy metal pollution are similar. The main contribution to the absorbed by plants doses at this site was caused by incorporated 90Sr. The frequency of cytogenetic alterations in crested hairgrass was investigated in a wide range of doses (10-4-13 Gy/growing season) at 100 sampling points. For the first time in the field conditions the shape of the cytogenetic effects - dose rate relationship was evaluated with acceptable accuracy and found to be nonlinear. The frequency of aberrant cells remained practically unchanged up to 49 µGy/h. Exceeding the threshold dose rate lead to a steep increase in the aberrant cells frequency from less than 2% up to 16%. The main contribution to the cytogenetic effects was made by double bridges and fragments. Breakpoints for other types of cytogenetic alterations were also evaluated (7 µGy/h for single fragments and bridges; 74 for double fragments and bridges; 81 for mitotic abnormalities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Geras'kin
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 49020 Obninsk, Russia.
| | - Kyrmyzy Minkenova
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, NNC, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Perevolotsky
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 49020 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Zhanat Baigazinov
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, NNC, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan; Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Hungary
| | - Tatiana Perevolotskaya
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 49020 Obninsk, Russia
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Bolsunovsky A, Trofimova E, Dementyev D, Petrichenkov M. The long-term effects of γ-radiation on the growth of Allium cepa plants. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:276-281. [PMID: 33125300 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1844337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term effects of gamma-radiation, including low-dose radiation, on growth parameters of onion (Allium cepa) seedling roots 6-10 days after irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Onion seedlings were exposed to a 137Cs gamma source at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 grays (Gy). Responses of root and shoot length growth were studied 6 and 10 days after irradiation. RESULTS Our results showed inhibition of the root and shoot length growth 6 days after exposure at all doses, including the low dose - 0.1 Gy. At a later point in time (day 10), root and shoot inhibition was only observed after irradiation at high doses (above 5 Gy), and that suggested the occurrence of cell repair after irradiation at low doses. The results indicated that the length of seedling roots was more sensitive to gamma-irradiation than the shoot length. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggested that short-term gamma-irradiation of onion seedlings (absorbed doses of 0.1-10 Gy) caused inhibition of plant growth 6 and 10 days after irradiation. The dose dependence of the onion root length was linear. The present study showed for the first time that short-term low-dose gamma-irradiation could induce long-term negative effects on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bolsunovsky
- Institute of Biophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena Trofimova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Michail Petrichenkov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Bolsunovsky A, Melgunov M. Radioactive particles in the Yenisei River floodplain (Russia): Characterization, leaching and potential effects in the environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 208-209:105991. [PMID: 31181344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The operation of the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC), the largest producer of weapons-grade plutonium in Russia, has resulted in radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River floodplain. Investigations carried out in Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk institutes have shown that the floodplain of the Yenisei downstream of the MCC is contaminated by radioactive particles (RP) of various types and activities. Analytical characterization of the RP showed that most of them were fuel particles, which were carried into the Yenisei after incidents at the MCC reactors. The plutonium and caesium isotope ratios (238Pu/239,240Pu; 137Cs/134Cs) vary substantially between the particles, indicating different source terms and time intervals when the RP were formed. In addition to fuel RP, there were particles that contained activation radionuclides. The experiment on dissolution of RP using the model solution (the simulated stomach fluid) showed different cumulative extractions of radionuclides from the particles: 60Co and 137Cs extractions were the lowest, the extracted fractions of europium and americium isotopes were the largest, and plutonium occupied an intermediate position. High concentrations of radionuclides in RP are sources of exposure of organisms in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to low radiation doses. The plant bioassays of the effects of γ-radiation from RP showed the effect of low doses of γ-radiation on growth parameters of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis growing in the Yenisei River floodplain. The presence of RP from different sources in the Yenisei River floodplain makes this region a unique site for studying environmental effects of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bolsunovsky
- Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Melgunov
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Bolsunovsky A, Dementyev D, Trofimova E, Iniatkina E, Kladko Y, Petrichenkov M. Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induced in onion (Allium cepa) by gamma-radiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 207:1-6. [PMID: 31146056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Allium-test is commonly used to assess genotoxicity of chemical and physical factors. In the present study, the roots of germinating onion (Allium cepa) were exposed to 0.02-13 Gy of γ-radiation. The dose dependencies of the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei were nonlinear. An increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in germinating seed root cells was first found under exposure to low doses of γ-radiation (0.05 and 0.1 Gy). Micronuclei inductions at low doses of radiation were not significantly different from the control. Our study suggests that germinating onion seed roots are a sensitive bioassay material for assessing the genotoxic effects of low-dose γ-radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bolsunovsky
- Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| | - D Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - E Trofimova
- Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - E Iniatkina
- Institute of Biophysics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Yu Kladko
- Institute of Forest Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 50-28 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - M Petrichenkov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentyev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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