1
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Petrova E, López-Gay JM, Fahrner M, Leturcq F, de Villartay JP, Barbieux C, Gonschorek P, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Schilling O, Hovnanian A. Comparative analyses of Netherton syndrome patients and Spink5 conditional knock-out mice uncover disease-relevant pathways. Commun Biol 2024; 7:152. [PMID: 38316920 PMCID: PMC10844249 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare skin disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) gene. Disease severity and the lack of efficacious treatments call for a better understanding of NS mechanisms. Here we describe a novel and viable, Spink5 conditional knock-out (cKO) mouse model, allowing to study NS progression. By combining transcriptomics and proteomics, we determine a disease molecular profile common to mouse models and NS patients. Spink5 cKO mice and NS patients share skin barrier and inflammation signatures defined by up-regulation and increased activity of proteases, IL-17, IL-36, and IL-20 family cytokine signaling. Systemic inflammation in Spink5 cKO mice correlates with disease severity and is associated with thymic atrophy and enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen. This systemic inflammation phenotype is marked by neutrophils and IL-17/IL-22 signaling, does not involve primary T cell immunodeficiency and is independent of bacterial infection. By comparing skin transcriptomes and proteomes, we uncover several putative substrates of tissue kallikrein-related proteases (KLKs), demonstrating that KLKs can proteolytically regulate IL-36 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our study thus provides a conserved molecular framework for NS and reveals a KLK/IL-36 signaling axis, adding new insights into the disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Petrova
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Jesús María López-Gay
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Paris, F-75248, Cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne University, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Fahrner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florent Leturcq
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Imagine Institute, Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in the Immune System", INSERM UMR 11635, Paris, France
| | - Claire Barbieux
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Gonschorek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France.
- Department of Genomic Medicine of rare diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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2
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Lovell S, Zhang L, Kryza T, Neodo A, Bock N, De Vita E, Williams ED, Engelsberger E, Xu C, Bakker AT, Maneiro M, Tanaka RJ, Bevan CL, Clements JA, Tate EW. A Suite of Activity-Based Probes To Dissect the KLK Activome in Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8911-8924. [PMID: 34085829 PMCID: PMC9282638 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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Kallikrein-related
peptidases (KLKs) are a family of secreted serine
proteases, which form a network (the KLK activome) with an important
role in proteolysis and signaling. In prostate cancer (PCa), increased
KLK activity promotes tumor growth and metastasis through multiple
biochemical pathways, and specific quantification and tracking of
changes in the KLK activome could contribute to validation of KLKs
as potential drug targets. Herein we report a technology platform
based on novel activity-based probes (ABPs) and inhibitors enabling
simultaneous orthogonal analysis of KLK2, KLK3, and KLK14 activity
in hormone-responsive PCa cell lines and tumor homogenates. Importantly,
we identifed a significant decoupling of KLK activity and abundance
and suggest that KLK proteolysis should be considered as an additional
parameter, along with the PSA blood test, for accurate PCa diagnosis
and monitoring. Using selective inhibitors and multiplexed fluorescent
activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), we dissect the KLK activome
in PCa cells and show that increased KLK14 activity leads to a migratory
phenotype. Furthermore, using biotinylated ABPs, we show that active
KLK molecules are secreted into the bone microenvironment by PCa cells
following stimulation by osteoblasts suggesting KLK-mediated signaling
mechanisms could contribute to PCa metastasis to bone. Together our
findings show that ABPP is a powerful approach to dissect dysregulation
of the KLK activome as a promising and previously underappreciated
therapeutic target in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Lovell
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Leran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Anna Neodo
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Elena De Vita
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Engelsberger
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Congyi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alexander T Bakker
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Maria Maneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Reiko J Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
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3
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de Veer SJ, White AM, Craik DJ. Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1): Sowing Seeds in the Fields of Chemistry and Biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:8050-8071. [PMID: 32621554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nature-derived cyclic peptides have proven to be a vast source of inspiration for advancing modern pharmaceutical design and synthetic chemistry. The focus of this Review is sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1), one of the smallest disulfide-bridged cyclic peptides found in nature. SFTI-1 has an unusual biosynthetic pathway that begins with a dual-purpose albumin precursor and ends with the production of a high-affinity serine protease inhibitor that rivals other inhibitors much larger in size. Investigations on the molecular basis for SFTI-1's rigid structure and adaptable function have planted seeds for thought that have now blossomed in several different fields. Here we survey these applications to highlight the growing potential of SFTI-1 as a versatile template for engineering inhibitors, a prototypic peptide for studying inhibitory mechanisms, a stable scaffold for grafting bioactive peptides, and a model peptide for evaluating peptidomimetic motifs and platform technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J de Veer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew M White
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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4
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Veer SJ, White AM, Craik DJ. Der Sonnenblumen‐Trypsin‐Inhibitor 1 (SFTI‐1) in der Chemie und Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Veer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australien
| | - Andrew M. White
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australien
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australien
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5
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Kryza T, Bock N, Lovell S, Rockstroh A, Lehman ML, Lesner A, Panchadsaram J, Silva LM, Srinivasan S, Snell CE, Williams ED, Fazli L, Gleave M, Batra J, Nelson C, Tate EW, Harris J, Hooper JD, Clements JA. The molecular function of kallikrein-related peptidase 14 demonstrates a key modulatory role in advanced prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:105-128. [PMID: 31630475 PMCID: PMC6944120 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 14 (KLK14) is one of the several secreted KLK serine proteases involved in prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. While relatively understudied, recent reports have identified KLK14 as overexpressed during PCa development. However, the modulation of KLK14 expression during PCa progression and the molecular and biological functions of this protease in the prostate tumor microenvironment remain unknown. To determine the modulation of KLK14 expression during PCa progression, we analyzed the expression levels of KLK14 in patient samples using publicly available databases and immunohistochemistry. In order to delineate the molecular mechanisms involving KLK14 in PCa progression, we integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and in vitro assays with the goal to identify substrates, related-signaling pathways, and functional roles of this protease. We showed that KLK14 expression is elevated in advanced PCa, and particularly in metastasis. Additionally, KLK14 levels were found to be decreased in PCa tissues from patients responsive to neoadjuvant therapy compared to untreated patients. Furthermore, we also identified that KLK14 expression reoccurred in patients who developed castrate-resistant PCa. The combination of proteomic and transcriptomic analysis as well as functional assays revealed several new KLK14 substrates (agrin, desmoglein 2, vitronectin, laminins) and KLK14-regulated genes (Interleukin 32, midkine, SRY-Box 9), particularly an involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and interleukin 1 receptor pathways, and an involvement of KLK14 in the regulation of cellular migration, supporting its involvement in aggressive features of PCa progression. In conclusion, our work showed that KLK14 expression is associated with the development of aggressive PCa suggesting that targeting this protease could offer a novel route to limit the progression of prostate tumors. Additional work is necessary to determine the benefits and implications of targeting/cotargeting KLK14 in PCa as well as to determine the potential use of KLK14 expression as a predictor of PCa aggressiveness or response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Scott Lovell
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janaththani Panchadsaram
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Lakmali Munasinghage Silva
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Cameron E Snell
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Colleen Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Jonathan Harris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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6
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Horn M, Zbodakova O, Kasparek P, Srp J, Haneckova R, Hradilek M, Mares M, Sedlacek R. Profiling system for skin kallikrein proteolysis applied in gene-deficient mouse models. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1085-1089. [PMID: 29885275 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related proteases (KLKs) play a critical role in epidermis physiology and have been implicated in skin pathologies such as Netherton syndrome. The contribution of individual KLKs to skin proteolysis is poorly understood. Monitoring of their activities in skin proteome is hampered by overlapping substrate specificities, and there is a need for novel assays. Here, we present a platform of selective and sensitive fluorogenic substrates and inhibitors for profiling KLK5, KLK7 and KLK14. These chemical tools were evaluated using recombinant KLKs and tissue from a unique set of mice deficient in eight combinations of KLKs and their natural regulator LEKTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Zbodakova
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Srp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Haneckova
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hradilek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Mares
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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7
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Development of Chemical Tools to Monitor Human Kallikrein 13 (KLK13) Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071557. [PMID: 30925705 PMCID: PMC6479877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein 13 (KLK13) was first identified as an enzyme that is downregulated in a subset of breast tumors. This serine protease has since been implicated in a number of pathological processes including ovarian, lung and gastric cancers. Here we report the design, synthesis and deconvolution of libraries of internally quenched fluorogenic peptide substrates to determine the specificity of substrate binding subsites of KLK13 in prime and non-prime regions (according to the Schechter and Berger convention). The substrate with the consensus sequential motive ABZ-Val-Arg-Phe-Arg-ANB-NH2 demonstrated selectivity towards KLK13 and was successfully converted into an activity-based probe by the incorporation of a chloromethylketone warhead and biotin bait. The compounds described may serve as suitable tools to detect KLK13 activity in diverse biological samples, as exemplified by overexpression experiments and targeted labeling of KLK13 in cell lysates and saliva. In addition, we describe the development of selective activity-based probes targeting KLK13, to our knowledge the first tool to analyze the presence of the active enzyme in biological samples.
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8
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Soualmia F, Bosc E, Amiri SA, Stratmann D, Magdolen V, Darmoul D, Reboud-Ravaux M, El Amri C. Insights into the activity control of the kallikrein-related peptidase 6: small-molecule modulators and allosterism. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1073-1078. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe activity of kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) is deregulated in various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. KLK6 is thus considered as an attractive therapeutical target. In this short report, we depict some novel findings on the regulation of the KLK6 activity. Namely, we identified mechanism-based inhibitors (suicide substrates) from an in-house library of 6-substituted coumarin-3-carboxylate derivatives. In addition, a molecular dynamics study evidenced the allosteric behavior of KLK6 similar to that previously observed for some trypsin-like serine proteases. This allosteric behavior together with the coumarinic scaffold bring new opportunities for the design of KLK6 potent activity modulators, useful as therapeutics or activity-based probes.
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9
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Silva LM, Clements JA. Mass spectrometry based proteomics analyses in kallikrein-related peptidase research: implications for cancer research and therapy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:1119-1130. [PMID: 29025353 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1389637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a family of serine peptidases that are deregulated in numerous pathological conditions, with a multitude of KLK-mediated functional roles implicated in the progression of cancer. Advances in multidimensional mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have facilitated the quantitative measurement of deregulated KLK expression in cancer, identifying certain KLKs, as well as their substrates, as potential cancer biomarkers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss how these approaches have been utilized for KLK biomarker discovery and unbiased substrate determination in complex protein pools that mimic the in vivo extracellular microenvironment. Expert commentary: Although a limited number of studies have been performed, the quantity of information generated has greatly improved our understanding of the functional roles of KLKs in cancer progression. In addition, these data suggest additional means through which deregulated KLK expression may be targeted in cancer treatment, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of these state-of-the-art MS-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmali Munasinghage Silva
- a Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch , National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Judith Ann Clements
- b School of Biomedical Sciences , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute , Woolloongabba , Australia
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10
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de Veer SJ, Swedberg JE, Brattsand M, Clements JA, Harris JM. Exploring the active site binding specificity of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) guides the design of new peptide substrates and inhibitors. Biol Chem 2016; 397:1237-1249. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) is a promising therapeutic target in several skin diseases, including Netherton syndrome, and is emerging as a potential target in various cancers. In this study, we used a sparse matrix library of 125 individually synthesized peptide substrates to characterize the binding specificity of KLK5. The sequences most favored by KLK5 were GRSR, YRSR and GRNR, and we identified sequence-specific interactions involving the peptide N-terminus by analyzing kinetic constants (kcat and KM) and performing molecular dynamics simulations. KLK5 inhibitors were subsequently engineered by substituting substrate sequences into the binding loop (P1, P2 and P4 residues) of sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1). These inhibitors were effective against KLK5 but showed limited selectivity, and performing a further substitution at P2′ led to the design of a new variant that displayed improved activity against KLK5 (Ki=4.2±0.2 nm), weak activity against KLK7 and 12-fold selectivity over KLK14. Collectively, these findings provide new insight into the design of highly favored binding sequences for KLK5 and reveal several opportunities for modulating inhibitor selectivity over closely related proteases that will be useful for future studies aiming to develop therapeutic molecules targeting KLK5.
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11
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Reid JC, Bennett NC, Stephens CR, Carroll ML, Magdolen V, Clements JA, Hooper JD. In vitro evidence that KLK14 regulates the components of the HGF/Met axis, pro-HGF and HGF-activator inhibitor 1A and 1B. Biol Chem 2016; 397:1299-1305. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 14 is a serine protease linked to several pathologies including prostate cancer. We show that KLK14 has biphasic effects in vitro on activating and inhibiting components of the prostate cancer associated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/Met system. At 5–10 nm, KLK14 converts pro-HGF to the two-chain heterodimer required for Met activation, while higher concentrations degrade the HGF α-chain. HGF activator-inhibitor (HAI)-1A and HAI-1B, which inhibit pro-HGF activators, are degraded by KLK14 when protease:inhibitor stoichiometry is 1:1 or the protease is in excess. When inhibitors are in excess, KLK14 generates HAI-1A and HAI-1B fragments known to inhibit pro-HGF activating serine proteases. These in vitro data suggest that increased KLK14 activity could contribute at multiple levels to HGF/Met-mediated processes in prostate and other cancers.
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12
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Leenheer D, ten Dijke P, Hipolito CJ. A current perspective on applications of macrocyclic-peptide-based high-affinity ligands. Biopolymers 2016; 106:889-900. [PMID: 27352774 PMCID: PMC5132055 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies can bind with high affinity and high selectivity to their targets. As a tool in therapeutics or diagnostics, however, their large size (∼150 kDa) reduces penetration into tissue and prevents passive cellular uptake. To overcome these and other problems, minimized protein scaffolds have been chosen or engineered, with care taken to not compromise binding affinity or specificity. An alternate approach is to begin with a minimal non-antibody scaffold and select functional ligands from a de novo library. We will discuss the structure, production, applications, strengths, and weaknesses of several classes of antibody-derived ligands, that is, antibodies, intrabodies, and nanobodies, and nonantibody-derived ligands, that is, monobodies, affibodies, and macrocyclic peptides. In particular, this review is focussed on macrocyclic peptides produced by the Random non-standard Peptides Integrated Discovery (RaPID) system that are small in size (typically ∼2 kDa), but are able to perform tasks typically handled by larger proteinaceous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël Leenheer
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global MajorsUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Cell BiologyLeidenSouth HollandThe Netherlands
- Cancer Signaling, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Christopher John Hipolito
- Cancer Signaling, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
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13
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de Veer SJ, Furio L, Swedberg JE, Munro CA, Brattsand M, Clements JA, Hovnanian A, Harris JM. Selective Substrates and Inhibitors for Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 7 (KLK7) Shed Light on KLK Proteolytic Activity in the Stratum Corneum. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:430-439. [PMID: 27697464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have pivotal roles in the skin's outermost layer, the epidermis. In the stratum corneum, serine proteases from the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family have been implicated in several key homeostatic processes, including desquamation. However, the precise contribution of specific KLKs to each process remains unclear. To address this, we used a chemical biology approach and designed selective substrates and inhibitors for KLK7, the most abundant KLK protease in the stratum corneum. The resulting KLK7 inhibitor is the most potent inhibitor of this protease reported to date (Ki = 140 pM), and displays at least 1,000-fold selectivity over several proteases that are related by function (KLK5 and KLK14) or specificity (chymotrypsin). We then used substrates and inhibitors for KLK5, KLK7, and KLK14 to explore the activity of each protease in the stratum corneum using casein zymography and an ex vivo desquamation assay. These experiments provide the most detailed assessment of each KLK's contribution to corneocyte shedding in the plantar stratum corneum, revealing that inhibition of KLK7 alone is sufficient to block shedding, whereas KLK5 is also a major contributor. Collectively, these findings unveil chemical tools for studying KLK activity and demonstrate their potential for characterizing KLK biological functions in epidermal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J de Veer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163 and Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, Paris, France; Université Paris V Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Furio
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163 and Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, Paris, France; Université Paris V Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher A Munro
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Brattsand
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Judith A Clements
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163 and Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, Paris, France; Université Paris V Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan M Harris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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14
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de Veer SJ, Ukolova SS, Munro CA, Swedberg JE, Buckle AM, Harris JM. Mechanism-based selection of a potent kallikrein-related peptidase 7 inhibitor from a versatile library based on the sunflower trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1. Biopolymers 2016; 100:510-8. [PMID: 24078181 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potent and specific enzyme inhibition is a key goal in the development of therapeutic inhibitors targeting proteolytic activity. The backbone-cyclized peptide, Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor (SFTI-1) affords a scaffold that can be engineered to achieve both these aims. SFTI-1's mechanism of inhibition is unusual in that it shows fast-on/slow-off kinetics driven by cleavage and religation of a scissile bond. This phenomenon was used to select a nanomolar inhibitor of kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) from a versatile library of SFTI variants with diversity tailored to exploit distinctive surfaces present in the active site of serine proteases. Inhibitor selection was achieved through the use of size exclusion chromatography to separate protease/inhibitor complexes from unbound inhibitors followed by inhibitor identification according to molecular mass ascertained by mass spectrometry. This approach identified a single dominant inhibitor species with molecular weight of 1562.4 Da, which is consistent with the SFTI variant SFTI-WCTF. Once synthesized individually this inhibitor showed an IC50 of 173.9 ± 7.6 nM against chromogenic substrates and could block protein proteolysis. Molecular modeling analysis suggested that selection of SFTI-WCTF was driven by specific aromatic interactions and stabilized by an enhanced internal hydrogen bonding network. This approach provides a robust and rapid route to inhibitor selection and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J de Veer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
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15
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de Veer SJ, Wang CK, Harris JM, Craik DJ, Swedberg JE. Improving the Selectivity of Engineered Protease Inhibitors: Optimizing the P2 Prime Residue Using a Versatile Cyclic Peptide Library. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8257-68. [PMID: 26393374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standard mechanism inhibitors are attractive design templates for engineering reversible serine protease inhibitors. When optimizing interactions between the inhibitor and target protease, many studies focus on the nonprimed segment of the inhibitor's binding loop (encompassing the contact β-strand). However, there are currently few methods for screening residues on the primed segment. Here, we designed a synthetic inhibitor library (based on sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1) for characterizing the P2' specificity of various serine proteases. Screening the library against 13 different proteases revealed unique P2' preferences for trypsin, chymotrypsin, matriptase, plasmin, thrombin, four kallikrein-related peptidases, and several clotting factors. Using this information to modify existing engineered inhibitors yielded new variants that showed considerably improved selectivity, reaching up to 7000-fold selectivity over certain off-target proteases. Our study demonstrates the importance of the P2' residue in standard mechanism inhibition and unveils a new approach for screening P2' substitutions that will benefit future inhibitor engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J de Veer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Harris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4059, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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16
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KLK5 Inactivation Reverses Cutaneous Hallmarks of Netherton Syndrome. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005389. [PMID: 26390218 PMCID: PMC4577096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Netherton Syndrome (NS) is a rare and severe autosomal recessive skin disease which can be life-threatening in infants. The disease is characterized by extensive skin desquamation, inflammation, allergic manifestations and hair shaft defects. NS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SPINK5 encoding the LEKTI serine protease inhibitor. LEKTI deficiency results in unopposed activities of kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) and aberrantly increased proteolysis in the epidermis. Spink5⁻/⁻ mice recapitulate the NS phenotype, display enhanced epidermal Klk5 and Klk7 protease activities and die within a few hours after birth because of a severe skin barrier defect. However the contribution of these various proteases in the physiopathology remains to be determined. In this study, we developed a new murine model in which Klk5 and Spink5 were both knocked out to assess whether Klk5 deletion is sufficient to reverse the NS phenotype in Spink5⁻/⁻ mice. By repeated intercrossing between Klk5⁻/⁻ mice with Spink5⁻/⁻ mice, we generated Spink5⁻/⁻Klk5⁻/⁻ animals. We showed that Klk5 knock-out in Lekti-deficient newborn mice rescues neonatal lethality, reverses the severe skin barrier defect, restores epidermal structure and prevents skin inflammation. Specifically, using in situ zymography and specific protease substrates, we showed that Klk5 knockout reduced epidermal proteolytic activity, particularly its downstream targets proteases KLK7, KLK14 and ELA2. By immunostaining, western blot, histology and electron microscopy analyses, we provide evidence that desmosomes and corneodesmosomes remain intact and that epidermal differentiation is restored in Spink5⁻/⁻Klk5⁻/⁻. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses and immunostainings revealed absence of inflammation and allergy in Spink5⁻/⁻Klk5⁻/⁻ skin. Notably, Il-1β, Il17A and Tslp levels were normalized. Our results provide in vivo evidence that KLK5 knockout is sufficient to reverse NS-like symptoms manifested in Spink5⁻/⁻ skin. These findings illustrate the crucial role of protease regulation in skin homeostasis and inflammation, and establish KLK5 inhibition as a major therapeutic target for NS.
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17
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Design of a Selective Substrate and Activity Based Probe for Human Neutrophil Serine Protease 4. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132818. [PMID: 26172376 PMCID: PMC4501687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4), also known as PRSS57, is a recently discovered fourth member of the neutrophil serine proteases family. Although its biological function is not precisely defined, it is suggested to regulate neutrophil response and innate immune reactions. To create optimal substrates and visualization probes for NSP4 that distinguish it from other NSPs we have employed a Hybrid Combinatorial Substrate Library approach that utilizes natural and unnatural amino acids to explore protease subsite preferences. Library results were validated by synthesizing individual substrates, leading to the identification of an optimal substrate peptide. This substrate was converted to a covalent diphenyl phosphonate probe with an embedded biotin tag. This probe demonstrated high inhibitory activity and stringent specificity and may be suitable for visualizing NSP4 in the background of other NSPs.
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18
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Yu Y, Prassas I, Dimitromanolakis A, Diamandis EP. Novel Biological Substrates of Human Kallikrein 7 Identified through Degradomics. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17762-17775. [PMID: 26032414 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a group of serine proteases widely expressed in various tissues and involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Although our understanding of the pathophysiological roles of most KLKs has blossomed in recent years, identification of the direct endogenous substrates of human KLKs remains an unmet objective. In this study we employed a degradomics approach to systemically investigate the endogenous substrates of KLK7 in an effort to understand the molecular pathways underlying KLK7 action in skin. We identified several previously known as well as novel protein substrates. Our most promising candidates were further validated with the use of targeted quantitative proteomics (selected reaction monitoring methods) and in vitro recombinant protein digestion assays. Our study revealed midkine, CYR61, and tenascin-C as endogenous substrates for KLK7. Interestingly, some of these substrates (e.g. midkine) were prone to proteolytic cleavage only by KLK7 (and not by other skin-associated KLKs), whereas others (e.g. CYR61 and tenascin-C) could be digested by several KLKs. Furthermore, using melanoma cell line, we show that KLK7-mediated cleavage of midkine results in an overall reduction in the pro-proliferative and pro-migratory effect of midkine. An inverse relation between KLK7 and midkine is also observed in human melanoma tissues. In summary, our degradomics approach revealed three novel endogenous substrates for KLK7, which may shed more light on the pathobiological roles of KLK7 in human skin. Similar substrate screening approaches could be applied for the discovery of biological substrates of other protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9, Canada
| | | | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
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19
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Engineered protease inhibitors based on sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) provide insights into the role of sequence and conformation in Laskowski mechanism inhibition. Biochem J 2015; 469:243-53. [PMID: 25981970 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laskowski inhibitors regulate serine proteases by an intriguing mode of action that involves deceiving the protease into synthesizing a peptide bond. Studies exploring naturally occurring Laskowski inhibitors have uncovered several structural features that convey the inhibitor's resistance to hydrolysis and exceptional binding affinity. However, in the context of Laskowski inhibitor engineering, the way that various modifications intended to fine-tune an inhibitor's potency and selectivity impact on its association and dissociation rates remains unclear. This information is important as Laskowski inhibitors are becoming increasingly used as design templates to develop new protease inhibitors for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we used the cyclic peptide, sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1), as a model system to explore how the inhibitor's sequence and structure relate to its binding kinetics and function. Using enzyme assays, MD simulations and NMR spectroscopy to study SFTI variants with diverse sequence and backbone modifications, we show that the geometry of the binding loop mainly influences the inhibitor's potency by modulating the association rate, such that variants lacking a favourable conformation show dramatic losses in activity. Additionally, we show that the inhibitor's sequence (including both the binding loop and its scaffolding) influences its potency and selectivity by modulating both the association and the dissociation rates. These findings provide new insights into protease inhibitor function and design that we apply by engineering novel inhibitors for classical serine proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin and two kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK5 and KLK14) that are implicated in various cancers and skin diseases.
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20
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Prassas I, Eissa A, Poda G, Diamandis EP. Unleashing the therapeutic potential of human kallikrein-related serine proteases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:183-202. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Fuhrman-Luck RA, Silva ML, Dong Y, Irving-Rodgers H, Stoll T, Hastie ML, Loessner D, Gorman JJ, Clements JA. Proteomic and other analyses to determine the functional consequences of deregulated kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) expression in prostate and ovarian cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:403-15. [PMID: 24535680 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developing proteomic tools are improving detection of deregulated kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) expression, at the protein level, in prostate and ovarian cancer, as well as facilitating the determination of functional consequences downstream. MS-driven proteomics uniquely allows for the detection, identification, and quantification of thousands of proteins in a complex protein pool, and this has served to identify certain KLKs as biomarkers for these diseases. In this review, we describe applications of this technology in KLK biomarker discovery and elucidate MS-based techniques that have been used for unbiased, global screening of KLK substrates within complex protein pools. Although MS-based KLK degradomic studies are limited to date, they helped to discover an array of novel KLK substrates. Substrates identified by MS-based degradomics are reported with improved confidence over those determined by incubating a purified or recombinant substrate and protease of interest, in vitro. We propose that these novel proteomic approaches represent the way forward for KLK research, in order to correlate proteolysis of biological substrates with tissue-related consequences, toward clinical targeting of KLK expression and function for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Anna Fuhrman-Luck
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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de Veer SJ, Furio L, Harris JM, Hovnanian A. Proteases and proteomics: Cutting to the core of human skin pathologies. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:389-402. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. de Veer
- Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute; Paris France
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - Laetitia Furio
- Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute; Paris France
| | - Jonathan M. Harris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute; Paris France
- Department of Genetics; Necker Hospital for Sick Children; Paris France
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23
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Furio L, de Veer S, Jaillet M, Briot A, Robin A, Deraison C, Hovnanian A. Transgenic kallikrein 5 mice reproduce major cutaneous and systemic hallmarks of Netherton syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:499-513. [PMID: 24534191 PMCID: PMC3949577 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe genetic skin disease in which absence of a key protease inhibitor causes congenital exfoliative erythroderma, eczematous-like lesions, and atopic manifestations. Several proteases are overactive in NS, including kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 5, KLK7, and elastase-2 (ELA2), which are suggested to be part of a proteolytic cascade initiated by KLK5. To address the role of KLK5 in NS, we have generated a new transgenic murine model expressing human KLK5 in the granular layer of the epidermis (Tg-KLK5). Transgene expression resulted in increased proteolytic activity attributable to KLK5 and its downstream targets KLK7, KLK14, and ELA2. Tg-KLK5 mice developed an exfoliative erythroderma with scaling, growth delay, and hair abnormalities. The skin barrier was defective and the stratum corneum was detached through desmosomal cleavage. Importantly, Tg-KLK5 mice displayed cutaneous and systemic hallmarks of severe inflammation and allergy with pruritus. The skin showed enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, infiltration of immune cells, and markers of Th2/Th17/Th22 T cell responses. Moreover, serum IgE and Tslp levels were elevated. Our study identifies KLK5 as an important contributor to the NS proteolytic cascade and provides a new and viable model for the evaluation of future targeted therapies for NS or related diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Furio
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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24
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Sanchez WY, de Veer SJ, Swedberg JE, Hong EJ, Reid JC, Walsh TP, Hooper JD, Hammond GL, Clements JA, Harris JM. Selective cleavage of human sex hormone-binding globulin by kallikrein-related peptidases and effects on androgen action in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3179-89. [PMID: 22547569 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the androgen receptor via bioavailable androgens, including testosterone and testosterone metabolites, is a key driver of prostate development and the early stages of prostate cancer. Androgens are hydrophobic and as such require carrier proteins, including sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), to enable efficient distribution from sites of biosynthesis to target tissues. The similarly hydrophobic corticosteroids also require a carrier protein whose affinity for steroid is modulated by proteolysis. However, proteolytic mechanisms regulating the SHBG/androgen complex have not been reported. Here, we show that the cancer-associated serine proteases, kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK)4 and KLK14, bind strongly to SHBG in glutathione S-transferase interaction analyses. Further, we demonstrate that active KLK4 and KLK14 cleave human SHBG at unique sites and in an androgen-dependent manner. KLK4 separated androgen-free SHBG into its two laminin G-like (LG) domains that were subsequently proteolytically stable even after prolonged digestion, whereas a catalytically equivalent amount of KLK14 reduced SHBG to small peptide fragments over the same period. Conversely, proteolysis of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-bound SHBG was similar for both KLKs and left the steroid binding LG4 domain intact. Characterization of this proteolysis fragment by [(3)H]-labeled DHT binding assays revealed that it retained identical affinity for androgen compared with full-length SHBG (dissociation constant = 1.92 nM). Consistent with this, both full-length SHBG and SHBG-LG4 significantly increased DHT-mediated transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor compared with DHT delivered without carrier protein. Collectively, these data provide the first evidence that SHBG is a target for proteolysis and demonstrate that a stable fragment derived from proteolysis of steroid-bound SHBG retains binding function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Washington Y Sanchez
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
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