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Bovi M, Cenci L, Perduca M, Capaldi S, Carrizo ME, Civiero L, Chiarelli LR, Galliano M, Monaco HL. BEL -trefoil: A novel lectin with antineoplastic properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms. Glycobiology 2012; 23:578-92. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Purhonen AK, Herzig KH, Gabius HJ, André S, Ketterer S, Matzinger D, Beglinger C, Hildebrand P. Duodenal phytohaemagglutinin (red kidney bean lectin) stimulates gallbladder contraction in humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 193:241-7. [PMID: 18248661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lectins, carbohydrate-specific proteins without enzymatic activity on the ligand, are daily ingested plant proteins which survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract in a biologically active form. Their binding to glycan determinants of natural glycoconjugates can trigger biological effects. The lectin phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) is abundantly present in red kidney beans and induces cholecystokinin (CCK) release in rats. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of intraduodenal administration of PHA on plasma CCK levels and gallbladder contraction in humans and to elucidate potential mechanisms of action. METHODS Five healthy volunteers underwent four studies. After a basal intraduodenal saline infusion for 30 min, PHA or heat-inactivated PHA was infused in increasing doses: 150 microg, 1.5 mg and 15 mg for 30 min each. Intravenous saline, CCK(1) receptor antagonist dexloxiglumide or atropine were administered in random order. Gallbladder volumes were measured by ultrasonography and plasma CCK levels by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Intraduodenal PHA induced gallbladder contraction in a dose-dependent fashion starting with the lowest dose. The highest dose reduced the gallbladder volume to 65.3 +/- 9.4% of basal volume (P < 0.001) whereas heat-inactivated PHA did not have any effect. Blocking CCK(1) or muscarinic receptors completely abolished PHA-stimulated gallbladder contraction (dexloxiglumide 208.7 +/- 23.7%; atropine 104 +/- 7.0% of basal volume) while none of the treatments affected CCK levels. CONCLUSION Duodenal administration of PHA potently stimulates gallbladder contraction in humans. This contraction is mediated via cholinergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Purhonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract
A high-density coding system is essential to allow cells to communicate efficiently and swiftly through complex surface interactions. All the structural requirements for forming a wide array of signals with a system of minimal size are met by oligomers of carbohydrates. These molecules surpass amino acids and nucleotides by far in information-storing capacity and serve as ligands in biorecognition processes for the transfer of information. The results of work aiming to reveal the intricate ways in which oligosaccharide determinants of cellular glycoconjugates interact with tissue lectins and thereby trigger multifarious cellular responses (e.g. in adhesion or growth regulation) are teaching amazing lessons about the range of finely tuned activities involved. The ability of enzymes to generate an enormous diversity of biochemical signals is matched by receptor proteins (lectins), which are equally elaborate. The multiformity of lectins ensures accurate signal decoding and transmission. The exquisite refinement of both sides of the protein-carbohydrate recognition system turns the structural complexity of glycans--a demanding but essentially mastered problem for analytical chemistry--into a biochemical virtue. The emerging medical importance of protein-carbohydrate recognition, for example in combating infection and the spread of tumors or in targeting drugs, also explains why this interaction system is no longer below industrial radarscopes. Our review sketches the concept of the sugar code, with a solid description of the historical background. We also place emphasis on a distinctive feature of the code, that is, the potential of a carbohydrate ligand to adopt various defined shapes, each with its own particular ligand properties (differential conformer selection). Proper consideration of the structure and shape of the ligand enables us to envision the chemical design of potent binding partners for a target (in lectin-mediated drug delivery) or ways to block lectins of medical importance (in infection, tumor spread, or inflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Growing insights into the many roles of glycoconjugates in biorecognition as ligands for lectins indicates a need to compare plant and animal lectins. Furthermore, the popularity of plant lectins as laboratory tools for glycan detection and characterization is an incentive to start this review with a brief introduction to landmarks in the history of lectinology. Based on carbohydrate recognition by lectins, initially described for concanavalin A in 1936, the chemical nature of the ABH-blood group system was unraveled, which was a key factor in introducing the term lectin in 1954. How these versatile probes are produced in plants and how they are swiftly and efficiently purified are outlined, and insights into the diversity of plant lectin structures are also given. The current status of understanding their functions calls for dividing them into external activities, such as harmful effects on aggressors, and internal roles, for example in the transport and assembly of appropriate ligands, or in the targeting of enzymatic activities. As stated above, attention is given to intriguing parallels in structural/functional aspects of plant and animal lectins as well as to explaining caveats and concerns regarding their application in crop protection or in tumor therapy by immunomodulation. Integrating the research from these two lectin superfamilies, the concepts are discussed on the role of information-bearing glycan epitopes and functional consequences of lectin binding as translation of the sugar code (functional glycomics).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rüdiger
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
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Brechtel R, Wätzig H, Rüdiger H. The lectin from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus: a phosphatase-activating protein that is closely associated with an alpha-galactosidase activity. A part of this paper has been presented as a preliminary report at the 17th Interlec. Meeting 1997 in Würzburg, Germany. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2001; 160:1025-1033. [PMID: 11297800 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(01)00349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The lectin from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus described earlier [F. Conrad, H. Rüdiger, The lectin from Pleurotus ostreatus: purification, characterization and interaction with a phosphatase, Phytochemistry 36 (1994) 277-283] was further characterized. Determination of the isoelectric point by capillary electrophoresis gave a value of 7.6. The dissociation constant of the lectin-alpha-lactose-1-phosphate complex determined by capillary electrophoresis is 3 mM. The activation of an endogenous phosphatase by the lectin as found earlier for the pseudosubstrate p-nitrophenylphosphate was confirmed also for naturally occurring substrates as ADP and ATP. We observed that at all purification steps the lectin is accompanied by an alpha-galactosidase activity. Both activities could neither be resolved by electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions nor by affinity chromatography. However, carbohydrate binding by the lectin and carbohydrate processing by the enzyme are not due to the same site since: (i) the lectin accepts both alpha- and beta-glycosides whereas the enzyme activity is restricted to the alpha-anomer; (ii) the interaction with erythrocytes leads to a stable agglutinate, i.e. no 'clot-dissolving activity' [C.N. Hankins, J.I. Kindinger, L.M. Shannon, Legume alpha-galactosidases which have hemagglutinin properties, Plant Physiol. 65 (1980) 618-622] is observed; (iii) the alpha-galactosidase activity is inhibited by galactose but not by a beta-galactoside. Therefore, lectin and enzymatic activities are either properties of two tightly associated proteins, or of just one molecule. The kinetic parameters of the lectin-associated alpha-galactosidase activity for p-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactopyranoside are: K(M)=2.5 mM, k(cat)=66 s(-1), and K(I)=20mM for the inhibitor D-galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brechtel
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Lectins and Glycoconjugates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Ngoc LD, Brillard M, Hoebeke J. The alpha- and beta-subunits of the jacalins are cleavage products from a 17-kDa precursor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1156:219-22. [PMID: 8427879 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(93)90139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The jacalins of three Artocarpus species were purified by affinity chromatography on a desialylated mucin-CNBr-Sepharose 4B column. The beta-chains and the 14 kDa alpha-chains were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and the 17 kDa chains by preparative electrophoresis. The 17 kDa and 14 kDa chains had a similar highly conserved N-terminal sequence. The beta-chains were different for the three species and Artocarpus champeden contained two different beta-chains. CNBr cleavage of the 17 kDa polypeptide of Artocarpus tonkinensis yielded one peptide more than the 14 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of this fragment was similar to that of the beta-chain proving that this chain results from a proteolytic cleavage at the C-terminus of the 17 kDa peptide. The large heterogeneity of the beta-chains of jacalins from different species could be used as a marker for evolutionary studies on the Artocarpus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Ngoc
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et de Chimie des Protéines, URA1334 du C.N.R.S., Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
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Wójczyk BS, Hoja DA, Lityńska AM. Purification of lysosomal arylsulfatase B from rat liver and its reactivity with lectins in affinity immunoelectrophoresis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 24:1561-71. [PMID: 1397482 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(92)90172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Arylsulfatase B (ASB) from lysosomal fraction of rat liver were isolated and purified 260-fold with a recovery of about 5%. 2. The enzyme in gradient PAGE 4-30% followed by immunoelectrophoresis migrated as a single peak of M(r) 84,000. The pI, measured by isoelectrofocusing in agarose followed by immunoelectrophoresis, was equal to 6.7. 3. ASB reacted with Con A, LCA, PSA, LTL, WGA, RCAI and did not react with PHA, SBA, HPA, CAA and PAL in crossed affino-immunoelectrophoresis or rocket immunoelectrophoresis. These results permit of preliminary elucidation of ASB glycan structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Wójczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Wójczyk B, Hoja D, Lityńska A. Purification of beta-glucuronidase and structural assessment of the carbohydrate chains by lectin affinity immunoelectrophoresis. Glycoconj J 1991; 8:340-9. [PMID: 1841676 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purification of rat liver beta-glucuronidase from a lysosomal fraction by methods including affinity chromatography, chromatofocusing and preparative PAGE steps is described. Molecular weights of 300,000 and 150,000 were estimated by two dimensional gradient PAGE/immunoelectrophoresis of the lysosomal extract. Isoelectrofocusing in agarose gel followed by immunoelectrophoresis in the second dimension revealed the presence of at least five maxima in the range pH 4.3-7.4. The structural assessment of the carbohydrate chains of lysosomal and microsomal beta-glucuronidase was performed by lectin affinity immunoelectrophoresis. Reaction with Concanavalin A indicated the presence of bi-antennary complex, oligomannosidic and hybrid type structures, whereas the absence of tri- and tetra-antennary complex type structures was deduced from the lack of interaction with phytohemagglutinin-L. The reaction with Lens culinaris agglutinin, Pisum sativum agglutinin and Lotus tetragonolobus lectin revealed that part of the glycans contained a fucose alpha(1-6)-linked to the N-acetylglucosamine attached to asparagine. The presence of terminal beta(1-4)-galactose residues was detected with Ricinus communis agglutinin I.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wójczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Immobilized mucin : an affinity matrix for the isolation of winged bean acidic and basic lectins. J Chromatogr A 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Einhoff W, Rüdiger H. Interaction of the alpha-mannosidase from Canavalia ensiformis with the lectin from the same plant, concanavalin A. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1986; 367:943-9. [PMID: 3790262 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1986.367.2.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The specific interaction between the lectin concanavalin A and the alpha-mannosidase from the Leguminosa Canavalia ensiformis was studied by means of laser nephelometry and affinity chromatography. Both proteins react optimally within a certain stoichiometrical range. Interaction is restricted to a narrow pH interval (around pH 5) and to low ionic strengths (less than 10mM NaCl). Neither the sugar-binding site of the lectin nor the catalytic and the hydrophobic sites of the enzyme participate in the interaction. The conformation of the enzyme at pH 5 which favours the interaction can be arrested by immobilization. After this, the enzyme is able to bind the lectin even at pH 8 where no interaction takes place between the dissolved proteins.
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Fleischmann G, Rüdiger H. Isolation, resolution and partial characterization of two Robinia pseudoacacia seed lectins. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1986; 367:27-32. [PMID: 3954887 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1986.367.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two lectins from the seeds of Robinia pseudoacacia were isolated and resolved in a single affinity chromatography run using immobilized ovomucoid by successive elution with different buffers. The lectins were characterized by their subunit sizes, total molecular masses and isoelectric points as well as by their ability to bind to ConA-Sepharose and to stimulate mitosis in murine lymphocytes.
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Einhoff W, Fleischmann G, Freier T, Kummer H, Rüdiger H. Interactions between lectins and other components of leguminous protein bodies. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1986; 367:15-25. [PMID: 3954886 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1986.367.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous work from this laboratory had shown that Leguminosa seed extracts contain lectin-bound proteins. In the present paper, the isolation of protein bodies from the seeds of 7 Leguminosa species (Canavalia ensiformis, Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum, Glycine max, Sophora japonica, Wisteria floribunda and Phaseolus vulgaris) is described. Protein bodies were characterized microscopically and by their constituents, storage proteins, lectins and some glycosidases. From the protein bodies, lectin-bound proteins were isolated and were shown to be identical with those from whole seed extracts. This indicates a common localization of lectin-bound proteins and of lectins. Lectin-bound proteins belong to the storage proteins and to the proteins with glycosidase activity. The common localization of these proteins and interactions between them suggest a biological role of seed lectins: during maturation they may act as a packaging aid for storage proteins and enzymes into developing protein bodies. Lectins thus may contribute to an ordered construction and degradation of protein bodies.
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Fleischmann G, Mauder I, Illert W, Rüdiger H. A one-step procedure for isolation and resolution of the Phaseolus vulgaris isolectins by affinity chromatography. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1985; 366:1029-32. [PMID: 4074496 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1985.366.2.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new fast-working one-step method for the resolution of the Phaseolus vulgaris isolectins is described which requires inexpensive materials.
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