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Payne DA, Baluchova K, Peoc'h KH, van Schaik RHN, Chan KCA, Maekawa M, Mamotte C, Russomando G, Rousseau F, Ahmad-Nejad P. Pre-examination factors affecting molecular diagnostic test results and interpretation: A case-based approach. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 467:59-69. [PMID: 27321365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organizations produce guidance documents that provide opportunities to harmonize quality practices for diagnostic testing. The International Organization for Standardization ISO 15189 standard addresses requirements for quality in management and technical aspects of the clinical laboratory. One technical aspect addresses the complexities of the pre-examination phase prior to diagnostic testing. METHODS The Committee for Molecular Diagnostics of the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (also known as, IFCC C-MD) conducted a survey of international molecular laboratories and determined ISO 15189 to be the most referenced guidance document. In this review, the IFCC C-MD provides case-based examples illustrating the value of select pre-examination processes as these processes relate to molecular diagnostic testing. Case-based examples in infectious disease, oncology, inherited disease and pharmacogenomics address the utility of: 1) providing information to patients and users, 2) designing requisition forms, 3) obtaining informed consent and 4) maintaining sample integrity prior to testing. CONCLUSIONS The pre-examination phase requires extensive and consistent communication between the laboratory, the healthcare provider and the end user. The clinical vignettes presented in this paper illustrate the value of applying select ISO 15189 recommendations for general laboratory to the more specialized area of Molecular Diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Payne
- Molecular Services, APP-UniPath LLC, American Pathology Partners-UniPath, 6116 East Warren Ave., Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Katarina Baluchova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Molecular Biology, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katell H Peoc'h
- AP-HP Hôpital Beaujon, Service de Biochimie clinique, Clichy F-92118, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de Médecine site Bichat, INSERM UMRs-1149, Paris, France
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Cyril Mamotte
- School of Biomedical Sciences and CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Graciela Russomando
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - François Rousseau
- Department of Medical Biology, Direction médicale des services hospitaliers, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Parviz Ahmad-Nejad
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), HELIOS Hospital, Heusnerstraße 40, 42283 Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
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Toward Rare Blood Cell Preservation for RNA Sequencing. J Mol Diagn 2015; 17:352-9. [PMID: 25989392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is driven by various events leading to cell differentiation and disease progression. Molecular tools are powerful approaches for describing how and why these events occur. With the growing field of next-generation DNA sequencing, there is an increasing need for high-quality nucleic acids derived from human cells and tissues-a prerequisite for successful cell profiling. Although advances in RNA preservation have been made, some of the largest biobanks still do not employ RNA blood preservation as standard because of limitations in low blood-input volume and RNA stability over the whole gene body. Therefore, we have developed a robust protocol for blood preservation and long-term storage while maintaining RNA integrity. Furthermore, we explored the possibility of using the protocol for preserving rare cell samples, such as circulating tumor cells. The results of our study confirmed that gene expression was not impacted by the preservation procedure (r(2) > 0.88) or by long-term storage (r(2) = 0.95), with RNA integrity number values averaging over 8. Similarly, cell surface antigens were still available for antibody selection (r(2) = 0.95). Lastly, data mining for fusion events showed that it was possible to detect rare tumor cells among a background of other cells present in blood irrespective of fixation. Thus, the developed protocol would be suitable for rare blood cell preservation followed by RNA sequencing analysis.
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Takeda M, Funato T, Ikemoto M, Nanmoku T, Urasaki Y, Iwatani Y. Clinical usefulness of the PAXgene™ bone marrow RNA system for stabilizing total RNA. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:61-7. [PMID: 24687367 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The collection of clinical samples, such as bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood, is an important procedure for the extraction of the cellular RNA. It is essential to preserve the extracted RNA during and after the collection of clinical samples to ensure the accurate analysis of gene expression. To date, the PAXgene™ Blood RNA System has been proven useful for stabilizing RNA extracted from peripheral blood; however, a problem concerning the stability of the total RNA stored using the system has been identified. The PAXgene™ Bone Marrow RNA System (BM system) is a newly developed system, and its clinical usefulness as a stabilizer for the cellular RNA in BM and peripheral blood was investigated with respect to the quality of RNA extracted using this system. A quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out using total RNA extracted with the BM system, which showed that total RNA was more stable in the BM system than in the conventional system, indicating that the BM system can be applied to RT-PCR. The BM system enabled us to detect Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) more effectively than the conventional system. In conclusion, the BM system is clinically valuable for extracting and stabilizing total RNA of high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Takeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Japan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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CHIMURA N, SHIBATA S, KIMURA T, KONDO N, MORI T, HOSHINO Y, KAMISHINA H, MAEDA S. Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR in Total RNA Extracted from Canine Whole Blood Using the PAXgene System. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1101-4. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki CHIMURA
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Sanae SHIBATA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Tsuyoshi KIMURA
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Naho KONDO
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Takashi MORI
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Yuki HOSHINO
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Hiroaki KAMISHINA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Sadatoshi MAEDA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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Weber DG, Casjens S, Rozynek P, Lehnert M, Zilch-Schöneweis S, Bryk O, Taeger D, Gomolka M, Kreuzer M, Otten H, Pesch B, Johnen G, Brüning T. Assessment of mRNA and microRNA Stabilization in Peripheral Human Blood for Multicenter Studies and Biobanks. Biomark Insights 2010; 5:95-102. [PMID: 20981139 PMCID: PMC2956623 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluate the suitability of two methods of RNA conservation in blood samples, PAXgene and RNAlater, in combination with variable shipping conditions for their application in multicenter studies and biobanking. RNA yield, integrity, and purity as well as levels of selected mRNA and microRNA species were analyzed in peripheral human blood samples stabilized by PAXgene or RNAlater and shipped on dry ice or at ambient temperatures from the study centers to the central analysis laboratory. Both examined systems were clearly appropriate for RNA stabilization in human blood independently of the shipping conditions. The isolated RNA is characterized by good quantity and quality and well suited for downstream applications like quantitative RT-PCR analysis of mRNA and microRNA. Superior yield and integrity values were received using RNAlater. It would be reasonable to consider the production and approval of blood collection tubes prefilled with RNAlater to facilitate the use of this excellent RNA stabilization system in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gilbert Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance-Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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