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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024; 291:3331-3366. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Chikha SB, Bougatef H, Capitani F, Ben Amor I, Maccari F, Gargouri J, Sila A, Volpi N, Bougatef A. Composition and Anticoagulant Potential of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate from Inedible Parts of Garfish ( Belone belone). Foods 2023; 12:3887. [PMID: 37959006 PMCID: PMC10647378 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role due to their significant biomedical functions. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS), the main representative family of GAGs, were extracted and purified from garfish (Belone belone) by-products, i.e., skin (GSB), bones (GCB), and heads (GHB), and their composition and anticoagulant activity were investigated. CS/DS were purified by ion-exchange chromatography with yields of 8.1% for heads, 3.7% for skin, and 1.4% for bones. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was also explored for analyzing the extracted CS/DS. Interestingly, GHB, GSB, and GCB possessed sulfate contents of 21 ± 2%, 20 ± 1%, and 20 ± 1.5%, respectively. Physico-chemical analysis showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the variances for sulfate, uronic acid, and total sugars in the GAGs extracted from the different parts of fish. Disaccharide analysis by SAX-HPLC showed that the GSB and GCB were predominately composed of ΔDi-4S [ΔUA-GalNAc 6S] (74.78% and 69.22%, respectively) and ΔDi-2,4S [ΔUA2S-GalNAc 4S] (10.92% and 6.55%, respectively). However, the GHB consisted of 25.55% ΔDi-6S [ΔUA-GalNAc 6S] and 6.28% ΔDi-2,6S [ΔUA2S-GalNAc 4S]. Moreover, classical anticoagulation tests were also used to measure their anticoagulant properties in vitro, which included the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time. The CS/DS isolated from garfish by-products exhibited potent anticoagulant effects. The purified CS/DS showed exceptional anticoagulant properties according to this research and can be considered as a new agent with anticoagulant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawssen Ben Chikha
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (S.B.C.); (H.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Hajer Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (S.B.C.); (H.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Federica Capitani
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D. Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Ikram Ben Amor
- Sfax Regional Blood Transfusion Center, El-Ain Road km 0.5, Sfax 3003, Tunisia;
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Jalel Gargouri
- Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Magida Boulila Avenue, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Assaad Sila
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (S.B.C.); (H.B.); (A.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Ali Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (S.B.C.); (H.B.); (A.S.)
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
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Kilian D, Poddar A, Desrochers V, Heinemann C, Halfter N, Liu S, Rother S, Gelinsky M, Hintze V, Lode A. Cellular adhesion and chondrogenic differentiation inside an alginate-based bioink in response to tailorable artificial matrices and tannic acid treatment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213319. [PMID: 36758282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many established bioinks fulfill important requirements regarding fabrication standards and cytocompatibility. Current research focuses on development of functionalized bioinks with an improved support of tissue-specific cell differentiation. Many approaches primarily depend on decellularized extracellular matrices or blood components. In this study, we investigated the combination of a highly viscous alginate-methylcellulose (algMC) bioink with collagen-based artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) as a finely controllable and tailorable system composed of collagen type I (col) with and without chondroitin sulfate (CS) or sulfated hyaluronan (sHA). As an additional stabilizer, the polyphenol tannic acid (TA) was integrated into the inks. The assessment of rheological properties and printability as well as hydrogel microstructure revealed no adverse effect of the integrated components on the inks. Viability, adhesion, and proliferation of bioprinted immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells (hTERT-MSC) was improved indicating enhanced interaction with the designed microenvironment. Furthermore, chondrogenic matrix production (collagen type II and sulfated glycosaminoglycans) by primary human chondrocytes (hChon) was enhanced by aECM. Supplementing the inks with TA was required for these positive effects but caused cytotoxicity as soon as TA concentrations exceeded a certain amount. Thus, combining tailorable aECM with algMC and balanced TA addition proved to be a promising approach for promoting adhesion of immortalized stem cells and differentiation of chondrocytes in bioprinted scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aayush Poddar
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vanessa Desrochers
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Heinemann
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Halfter
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Suihong Liu
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sandra Rother
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany; Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Liu Y, Hu H, Liu H, Wang Q. Recent Advances for the Developing of Instant Flavor Peanut Powder: Generation and Challenges. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111544. [PMID: 35681294 PMCID: PMC9180855 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Instant flavor peanut powder is a nutritional additive that can be added to foods to impart nutritional value and functional properties. Sensory acceptability is the premise of its development. Flavor is the most critical factor in sensory evaluation. The heat treatment involved in peanut processing is the main way to produce flavor substances and involves chemical reactions: Maillard reaction, caramelization reaction, and lipid oxidation reaction. Peanut is rich in protein, fat, amino acids, fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, which participate in these reactions as volatile precursors. N-heterocyclic compounds, such as the pyrazine, are considered to be the key odorants of the “baking aroma”. However, heat treatment also affects the functional properties of peanut protein (especially solubility) and changes the nutritional value of the final product. In contrast, functional properties affect the behavior of proteins during processing and storage. Peanut protein modification is the current research hotspot in the field of deep processing of plant protein, which is an effective method to solve the protein denaturation caused by heat treatment. The review briefly describes the characterization and mechanism of peanut flavor during heat treatment combined with solubilization modification technology, proposing the possibility of using peanut meal as material to produce IFPP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongzhi Liu
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Q.W.); Tel.: +86-(10)-62818455 (H.L.); +86-(10)-62815837 (Q.W.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Q.W.); Tel.: +86-(10)-62818455 (H.L.); +86-(10)-62815837 (Q.W.)
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Schmaus A, Rothley M, Schreiber C, Möller S, Roßwag S, Franz S, Garvalov BK, Thiele W, Spataro S, Herskind C, Prunotto M, Anderegg U, Schnabelrauch M, Sleeman J. Sulfated hyaluronic acid inhibits the hyaluronidase CEMIP and regulates the HA metabolism, proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2022; 109:173-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hintze V, Schnabelrauch M, Rother S. Chemical Modification of Hyaluronan and Their Biomedical Applications. Front Chem 2022; 10:830671. [PMID: 35223772 PMCID: PMC8873528 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.830671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan, the extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, is an important structural component of many tissues playing a critical role in a variety of biological contexts. This makes hyaluronan, which can be biotechnologically produced in large scale, an attractive starting polymer for chemical modifications. This review provides a broad overview of different synthesis strategies used for modulating the biological as well as material properties of this polysaccharide. We discuss current advances and challenges of derivatization reactions targeting the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups or carboxylic acid groups and the N-acetyl groups after deamidation. In addition, we give examples for approaches using hyaluronan as biomedical polymer matrix and consequences of chemical modifications on the interaction of hyaluronan with cells via receptor-mediated signaling. Collectively, hyaluronan derivatives play a significant role in biomedical research and applications indicating the great promise for future innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Rother
- School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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