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Athira SS, Mohanan PV. Bio distribution and acute toxicity profiling of Pluronic F127 coated Titanium dioxide nanotubes in adult Wistar rats. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114092. [PMID: 39059146 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are gaining immense attention among researchers owing to their admirable application potentials in various therapeutic events. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been recognized as one of the leading candidates in this category and holds wide interest within the scientific community. Among the various morphological nanoforms of TiO2, nanotube is grabbing remarkable attention as they have succeeded as an active vehicle in various medical procedures like intravascular stenting, drug delivery, as biosensors etc. This ultimately demands toxicity profiling of nanotubes in various aspects. Present study elaborates a concept through which acute toxicity profiling of TiO2 nanotubes in adult Wistar rats is presented. TNTs were synthesized via solvo-thermal approach and surface coated with a biocompatible polymer; Pluronic-F127 (P-F127). This step assists in ameliorating the troubles associated with the nanomaterial dispersion stability. The experimental rats were intraperitoneally administered with TNT-P (10 mg/kg) and sacrificed on different time periods (3rd, 7th and 14th days). Biodistribution of the material was tracked in major tissues including brain, liver, spleen and kidneys. A set of acute toxicity studies was performed which comprises hematology evaluation, biochemical studies, antioxidant detection, analysis of urine parameters, immune modulation study and histopathology evaluation. Many of the experiments revealed an unaltered physiological response in rats; except for some biochemical and hematology parameters. Overall study suggests that, TNT-P do not result into a negative response in Wistar rats over 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Athira
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 012, India.
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Kelidari M, Abedi F, Hayes AW, Jomehzadeh V, Karimi G. The protective effects of protocatechuic acid against natural and chemical toxicants: cellular and molecular mechanisms. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5597-5616. [PMID: 38607443 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a water-soluble polyphenol compound that is extracted from certain fruits and plants or obtained from glucose fermentation. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have determined that PCA has protective effects against the toxicity of natural and chemical toxicants. We searched these articles in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus with appropriate keywords from inception up to August 2023. Forty-nine studies were found about protective effects of PCA against drug toxicity, metal toxicity, toxins, chemical toxicants, and some other miscellaneous toxicants. PCA indicates these protective effects by suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. PCA reduces reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and enhances the level of antioxidant parameters mainly through the activation of the Nrf-2 signaling pathway. PCA also decreases the levels of inflammatory mediators via downregulating the TLR-4-mediated IKBKB/NF-κB and MAPK/Erk signaling pathways. In addition, PCA inhibits apoptosis by lowering the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 along with enhancing the level of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Further evaluation, especially in humans, is necessary to confirm PCA as a potential therapeutic approach to intervene in such toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Kelidari
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Abedi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vahid Jomehzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wójciak M, Ziemlewska A, Zagórska-Dziok M, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Szczepanek D, Oniszczuk T, Sowa I. Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Effects of Water Extract and Bioferment from Sambucus nigra Fruit in LPS-Induced Human Skin Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10286. [PMID: 37373433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and protective effects of the Sambucus nigra fruit extract and its ferment obtained by fermentation with kombucha tea fungus. For this purpose, fermented and non-fermented extracts were compared in terms of their chemical composition by the HPLC/ESI-MS chromatographic method. The antioxidant activity of the tested samples was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays. Cytotoxicity was also determined using Alamar Blue and Neutral Red tests to assess the viability and metabolism of fibroblast and keratinocyte skin cells. Potential anti-aging properties were determined by their ability to inhibit the activity of the metalloproteinases collagenase and elastase. Tests showed that the extract and the ferment have antioxidant properties and stimulate the proliferation of both cell types. The study also assessed the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract and ferment by monitoring levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-6, IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated fibroblast cells. The results indicate that both the S. nigra extract and its kombucha ferment can be effective in preventing free-radical-induced cell damage and have positive effects on skin cell health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Chi M, Wang H, Yan Z, Cao L, Gao X, Qin K. Magnetic Ligand Fishing Using Immobilized Cyclooxygenase-2 for Identification and Screening of Anticoronary Heart Disease Ligands From Choerospondias axillaris. Front Nutr 2022; 8:794193. [PMID: 35174196 PMCID: PMC8841743 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.794193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity is an effective way for treatment of coronary heart disease. And as an important source of COX-2 inhibitors, bioactive compounds of Choerospondias axillaris and pharmacological mechanisms remained lacking in prospective researches. Therefore, for the purpose of accelerating the discovery of natural products targeting designed inhibitors, the COX-2 microreactor composed of functionalized microspheres and magnetic ligand fishing was developed and applied in Choerospondias axillaris, and the physicochemical properties of the COX-2 functionalized microspheres were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the bioactive compounds singled out from ethanol decoction without prepurification were dissociated and identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography plus Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS/MS). Consequently, 21 bioactive compounds consisting of 6 organic acids, 8 flavonoids, and 7 others were separated and characterized from Choerospondias axillaris, which were reported to participate in the COX-2 inhibitory pathway to varying degrees. Therefore, this method could provide a prospective solution for the extraction and identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients and the rapid screening of some enzyme inhibitors in the complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Jiangsu Original Drug Research and Development Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhankuan Yan
- Jiangsu Original Drug Research and Development Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Xun Gao
| | - Kunming Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Kunming Qin
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Hadjittofi C, Feretis M, Martin J, Harper S, Huguet E. Liver regeneration biology: Implications for liver tumour therapies. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:1101-1156. [PMID: 35070734 PMCID: PMC8716989 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i12.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has remarkable regenerative potential, with the capacity to regenerate after 75% hepatectomy in humans and up to 90% hepatectomy in some rodent models, enabling it to meet the challenge of diverse injury types, including physical trauma, infection, inflammatory processes, direct toxicity, and immunological insults. Current understanding of liver regeneration is based largely on animal research, historically in large animals, and more recently in rodents and zebrafish, which provide powerful genetic manipulation experimental tools. Whilst immensely valuable, these models have limitations in extrapolation to the human situation. In vitro models have evolved from 2-dimensional culture to complex 3 dimensional organoids, but also have shortcomings in replicating the complex hepatic micro-anatomical and physiological milieu. The process of liver regeneration is only partially understood and characterized by layers of complexity. Liver regeneration is triggered and controlled by a multitude of mitogens acting in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine ways, with much redundancy and cross-talk between biochemical pathways. The regenerative response is variable, involving both hypertrophy and true proliferative hyperplasia, which is itself variable, including both cellular phenotypic fidelity and cellular trans-differentiation, according to the type of injury. Complex interactions occur between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, and regeneration is affected by the status of the liver parenchyma, with differences between healthy and diseased liver. Finally, the process of termination of liver regeneration is even less well understood than its triggers. The complexity of liver regeneration biology combined with limited understanding has restricted specific clinical interventions to enhance liver regeneration. Moreover, manipulating the fundamental biochemical pathways involved would require cautious assessment, for fear of unintended consequences. Nevertheless, current knowledge provides guiding principles for strategies to optimise liver regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hadjittofi
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Feretis
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Martin
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harper
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Huguet
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Masciulli F, Fraschetti C, Filippi A, Cesa S, Cairone F, Gorica E, De Leo M, Braca A, Martelli A, Calderone V, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Menghini L, Di Simone SC, Veschi S, Cama A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Protective Effects Induced by a Hydroalcoholic Allium sativum Extract in Isolated Mouse Heart. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072332. [PMID: 34371842 PMCID: PMC8308751 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effects of a garlic hydroalcoholic extract on the burden of oxidative stress and inflammation occurring on mouse heart specimens exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a well-established inflammatory stimulus. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) technique was applied to determine the volatile fraction of the garlic powder, and the HS-SPME conditions were optimized for each of the most representative classes of compounds. CIEL*a*b* colorimetric analyses were performed on the powder sample at the time of delivery, after four and after eight months of storage at room temperature in the dark, to evaluate the color changing. Freshly prepared hydroalcoholic extract was also evaluated in its color character. Furthermore, the hydroalcoholic extract was analyzed through GC-MS. The extract was found to be able to significantly inhibit LPS-induced prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 8-iso-PGF2α levels, as well as mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), in heart specimens. Concluding, our findings showed that the garlic hydroalcoholic extract exhibited cardioprotective effects on multiple inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Fabrizio Masciulli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cairone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing of Pisa University, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing of Pisa University, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-3554758
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.O.); (C.F.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
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