1
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Fröhlich AS, Gerstner N, Gagliardi M, Ködel M, Yusupov N, Matosin N, Czamara D, Sauer S, Roeh S, Murek V, Chatzinakos C, Daskalakis NP, Knauer-Arloth J, Ziller MJ, Binder EB. Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of human orbitofrontal cortex reveals convergent effects of aging and psychiatric disease. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01742-z. [PMID: 39227716 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process and represents the largest risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. The risk for neurodegenerative disorders is also increased in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Here, we characterized age-related transcriptomic changes in the brain by profiling ~800,000 nuclei from the orbitofrontal cortex from 87 individuals with and without psychiatric diagnoses and replicated findings in an independent cohort with 32 individuals. Aging affects all cell types, with LAMP5+LHX6+ interneurons, a cell-type abundant in primates, by far the most affected. Disrupted synaptic transmission emerged as a convergently affected pathway in aged tissue. Age-related transcriptomic changes overlapped with changes observed in Alzheimer's disease across multiple cell types. We find evidence for accelerated transcriptomic aging in individuals with psychiatric disorders and demonstrate a converging signature of aging and psychopathology across multiple cell types. Our findings shed light on cell-type-specific effects and biological pathways underlying age-related changes and their convergence with effects driven by psychiatric diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Fröhlich
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nathalie Gerstner
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Gagliardi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Natan Yusupov
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Matosin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susann Sauer
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Roeh
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Murek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Janine Knauer-Arloth
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Ziller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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2
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Cheng Y, Chen X, Zhang XQ, Ju PJ, Wang WD, Fang Y, Lin GN, Cui DH. Interaction between RNF4 and SART3 is associated with the risk of schizophrenia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32743. [PMID: 38975171 PMCID: PMC11226853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) is heavily influenced by genetic factors. Ring finger protein 4 (RNF4) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 (SART3) are thought to be involved in nervous system growth and development via oxidative stress pathways. Moreover, they have previously been linked to SCZ. Yet the role of RNF4 and SART3 in SCZ remains unclear. Here, we investigated how these two genes are involved in SCZ by studying their variants observed in patients. We first observed significantly elevated mRNA levels of RNF4 and SART3 in the peripheral blood in both first-episode (n = 30) and chronic (n = 30) SCZ patients compared to controls (n = 60). Next, we targeted-sequenced three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SART3 and six SNPs in RNF4 for association with SCZ using the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from SCZ participants (n = 392) and controls (n = 572). We observed a combination of SNPs that included rs1203860, rs2282765 (both in RNF4), and rs2287550 (in SART3) was associated with increased risk of SCZ, suggesting common pathogenic mechanisms between these two genes. We then conducted experiments in HEK293T cells to better understand the interaction between RNF4 and SART3. We observed that SART3 lowered the expression of RNF4 through ubiquitination and downregulated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a downstream factor of RNF4, implicating the existence of a possible shared regulatory mechanism for RNF4 and SART3. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that the interaction between RNF4 and SART3 contributes to the risk of SCZ. The findings shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of SCZ and may lead to the development of new therapies and interventions for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Jun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Di Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Imaging, Computational and Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Imaging, Computational and Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Hong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Šimić G, Krsnik Ž, Knezović V, Kelović Z, Mathiasen ML, Junaković A, Radoš M, Mulc D, Španić E, Quattrocolo G, Hall VJ, Zaborszky L, Vukšić M, Olucha Bordonau F, Kostović I, Witter MP, Hof PR. Prenatal development of the human entorhinal cortex. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2711-2748. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.25344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Vinka Knezović
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Zlatko Kelović
- Department of Anatomy University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Mathias Lysholt Mathiasen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK Denmark
| | - Alisa Junaković
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Milan Radoš
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Damir Mulc
- Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Giulia Quattrocolo
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO Norway
| | - Vanessa Jane Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK Denmark
| | - Laszlo Zaborszky
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Mario Vukšić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Francisco Olucha Bordonau
- Department of Medicine School of Medical Sciences Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana ES Spain
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Menno P. Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO Norway
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
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4
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Gao Y, Li Y, Li S, Liang X, Ren Z, Yang X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Yang X. Systematic discovery of signaling pathways linking immune activation to schizophrenia. iScience 2021; 24:103209. [PMID: 34746692 PMCID: PMC8551081 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation has been shown to play a critical role in the development of schizophrenia; however its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Our report demonstrates a high-quality protein interaction network for schizophrenia (SCZ Network), constructed using our “neighborhood walk” approach in combination with “random walk with restart”. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of the genes in this disease network revealed two developmental stages sensitive to perturbation by immune activation: mid-to late gestation, and adolescence. Furthermore, we induced immune activation at these stages in mice, carried out transcriptome sequencing on the mouse brains, and illustrated clear potential molecular pathways and key regulators correlating maternal immune activation during gestation and an increased risk for schizophrenia after a second immune activation at puberty. This work provides not only valuable resources for the study on molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, but also a systematic strategy for the discovery of molecular pathways of complex mental disorders. A high-quality molecular network for schizophrenia (SCZ Network) A landscape of molecular pathways linking immune activation and schizophrenia The spatiotemporal network dynamics revealing stages susceptible to immune activation Identification of the molecular pathways and regulators in the immune-activated brain
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - ShuangYan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhonglu Ren
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinping Yang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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5
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Rojas ML, Cruz Del Puerto MM, Flores-Martín J, Racca AC, Kourdova LT, Miranda AL, Panzetta-Dutari GM, Genti-Raimondi S. Role of the lipid transport protein StarD7 in mitochondrial dynamics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159029. [PMID: 34416390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles crucial for cell function and survival implicated in oxidative energy production whose central functions are tightly controlled by lipids. StarD7 is a lipid transport protein involved in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) delivery to mitochondria. Previous studies have shown that StarD7 knockdown induces alterations in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with a reduction in PC content, however whether StarD7 modulates mitochondrial dynamics remains unexplored. Here, we generated HTR-8/SVneo stable cells expressing the precursor StarD7.I and the mature processed StarD7.II isoforms. We demonstrated that StarD7.I overexpression altered mitochondrial morphology increasing its fragmentation, whereas no changes were observed in StarD7.II-overexpressing cells compared to the control (Ct) stable cells. StarD7.I (D7.I) stable cells were able to transport higher fluorescent PC analog to mitochondria than Ct cells, yield mitochondrial fusions, maintained the membrane potential, and produced lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, the expression of Dynamin Related Protein 1 (Drp1) and Mitofusin (Mfn2) proteins were increased, whereas the amount of Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) decreased. Moreover, transfections with plasmids encoding Drp1-K38A, Drp1-S637D or Drp1-S637A mutants indicated that mitochondrial fragmentation in D7.I cells occurs in a fission-dependent manner via Drp1. In contrast, StarD7 silencing decreased Mfn1 and Mfn2 fusion proteins without modification of Drp1 protein level. These cells increased ROS levels and presented donut-shape mitochondria, indicative of metabolic stress. Altogether our findings provide novel evidence indicating that alterations in StarD7.I expression produce significant changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano M Cruz Del Puerto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jésica Flores-Martín
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C Racca
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucille T Kourdova
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea L Miranda
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela M Panzetta-Dutari
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Genti-Raimondi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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6
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Medial orbitofrontal cortex dopamine D 1/D 2 receptors differentially modulate distinct forms of probabilistic decision-making. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1240-1251. [PMID: 33452435 PMCID: PMC8134636 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient decision-making involves weighing the costs and benefits associated with different actions and outcomes to maximize long-term utility. The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) has been implicated in guiding choice in situations involving reward uncertainty, as inactivation in rats alters choice involving probabilistic rewards. The mOFC receives considerable dopaminergic input, yet how dopamine (DA) modulates mOFC function has been virtually unexplored. Here, we assessed how mOFC D1 and D2 receptors modulate two forms of reward seeking mediated by this region, probabilistic reversal learning and probabilistic discounting. Separate groups of well-trained rats received intra-mOFC microinfusions of selective D1 or D2 antagonists or agonists prior to task performance. mOFC D1 and D2 blockade had opposing effects on performance during probabilistic reversal learning and probabilistic discounting. D1 blockade impaired, while D2 blockade increased the number of reversals completed, both mediated by changes in errors and negative feedback sensitivity apparent during the initial discrimination of the task, which suggests changes in probabilistic reinforcement learning rather than flexibility. Similarly, D1 blockade reduced, while D2 blockade increased preference for larger/risky rewards. Excess D1 stimulation had no effect on either task, while excessive D2 stimulation impaired probabilistic reversal performance, and reduced both profitable risky choice and overall task engagement. These findings highlight a previously uncharacterized role for mOFC DA, showing that D1 and D2 receptors play dissociable and opposing roles in different forms of reward-related action selection. Elucidating how DA biases behavior in these situations will expand our understanding of the mechanisms regulating optimal and aberrant decision-making.
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7
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Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Leonardi-Essmann F, Haerter JO, Rossner MJ, Falkai P, Schmitt A, Raabe FJ. Differential gene regulation in the anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia: A molecular network approach. Schizophr Res 2021; 232:1-10. [PMID: 34004381 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The closely connected anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and superior temporal cortex (STC) are important for higher cognitive functions. Both brain regions are disturbed in schizophrenia, i.e., functional and structural alterations have been reported. This postmortem investigation in brains from patients with schizophrenia and controls compared gene expression in the left ACC and left STC. Most differentially expressed genes were unique to each brain region, but some clusters of genes were equally dysregulated in both, giving rise to a more general disease-specific pattern of gene regulation. The data was used to construct a molecular network of the genes identically expressed in both regions as primary nodes and the metabolically connected genes as secondary nodes. The network analysis identified downregulated clusters of immune-associated gene products and upregulated clusters belonging to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These findings could help to identify new potential therapeutic targets for future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gebicke-Haerter
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fernando Leonardi-Essmann
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan O Haerter
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos 785, 05453-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Florian J Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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8
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Sena RM, Twiss JL, Gardiner AS, Dell’Orco M, Linsenbardt DN, Perrone-Bizzozero NI. The RNA-Binding Protein HuD Regulates Alternative Splicing and Alternative Polyadenylation in the Mouse Neocortex. Molecules 2021; 26:2836. [PMID: 34064652 PMCID: PMC8151252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal Hu/ELAV-like proteins HuB, HuC and HuD are a class of RNA-binding proteins that are crucial for proper development and maintenance of the nervous system. These proteins bind to AU-rich elements (AREs) in the untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of target mRNAs regulating mRNA stability, transport and translation. In addition to these cytoplasmic functions, Hu proteins have been implicated in alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation in the nucleus. The purpose of this study was to identify transcriptome-wide effects of HuD deletion on both of these nuclear events using RNA sequencing data obtained from the neocortex of Elavl4-/- (HuD KO) mice. HuD KO affected alternative splicing of 310 genes, including 17 validated HuD targets such as Cbx3, Cspp1, Snap25 and Gria2. In addition, deletion of HuD affected polyadenylation of 53 genes, with the majority of significantly altered mRNAs shifting towards usage of proximal polyadenylation signals (PAS), resulting in shorter 3'-UTRs. None of these genes overlapped with those showing alternative splicing events. Overall, HuD KO had a greater effect on alternative splicing than polyadenylation, with many of the affected genes implicated in several neuronal functions and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Sena
- Department Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.M.S.); (A.S.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Jeffery L. Twiss
- Department Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Amy S. Gardiner
- Department Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.M.S.); (A.S.G.); (M.D.)
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michela Dell’Orco
- Department Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.M.S.); (A.S.G.); (M.D.)
| | - David N. Linsenbardt
- Department Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.M.S.); (A.S.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Nora I. Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.M.S.); (A.S.G.); (M.D.)
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9
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Vieira N, Rito T, Correia-Neves M, Sousa N. Sorting Out Sorting Nexins Functions in the Nervous System in Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4070-4106. [PMID: 33931804 PMCID: PMC8280035 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental process that controls protein/lipid composition of the plasma membrane, thereby shaping cellular metabolism, sensing, adhesion, signaling, and nutrient uptake. Endocytosis is essential for the cell to adapt to its surrounding environment, and a tight regulation of the endocytic mechanisms is required to maintain cell function and survival. This is particularly significant in the central nervous system (CNS), where composition of neuronal cell surface is crucial for synaptic functioning. In fact, distinct pathologies of the CNS are tightly linked to abnormal endolysosomal function, and several genome wide association analysis (GWAS) and biochemical studies have identified intracellular trafficking regulators as genetic risk factors for such pathologies. The sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins involved in protein trafficking regulation and signaling. SNXs dysregulation occurs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down’s syndrome (DS), schizophrenia, ataxia and epilepsy, among others, establishing clear roles for this protein family in pathology. Interestingly, restoration of SNXs levels has been shown to trigger synaptic plasticity recovery in a DS mouse model. This review encompasses an historical and evolutionary overview of SNXs protein family, focusing on its organization, phyla conservation, and evolution throughout the development of the nervous system during speciation. We will also survey SNXs molecular interactions and highlight how defects on SNXs underlie distinct pathologies of the CNS. Ultimately, we discuss possible strategies of intervention, surveying how our knowledge about the fundamental processes regulated by SNXs can be applied to the identification of novel therapeutic avenues for SNXs-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rito
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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10
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Šimić G, Vukić V, Kopić J, Krsnik Ž, Hof PR. Molecules, Mechanisms, and Disorders of Self-Domestication: Keys for Understanding Emotional and Social Communication from an Evolutionary Perspective. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E2. [PMID: 33375093 PMCID: PMC7822183 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest hypothesis states that the phenotypic features of the domestication syndrome are due to a reduced number or disruption of neural crest cells (NCCs) migration, as these cells differentiate at their final destinations and proliferate into different tissues whose activity is reduced by domestication. Comparing the phenotypic characteristics of modern and prehistoric man, it is clear that during their recent evolutionary past, humans also went through a process of self-domestication with a simultaneous prolongation of the period of socialization. This has led to the development of social abilities and skills, especially language, as well as neoteny. Disorders of neural crest cell development and migration lead to many different conditions such as Waardenburg syndrome, Hirschsprung disease, fetal alcohol syndrome, DiGeorge and Treacher-Collins syndrome, for which the mechanisms are already relatively well-known. However, for others, such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and schizophrenia that have the characteristics of hyperdomestication, and autism spectrum disorders, and 7dupASD syndrome that have the characteristics of hypodomestication, much less is known. Thus, deciphering the biological determinants of disordered self-domestication has great potential for elucidating the normal and disturbed ontogenesis of humans, as well as for the understanding of evolution of mammals in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (J.K.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Vana Vukić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (J.K.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Janja Kopić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (J.K.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (J.K.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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Wang H, Wu Y, Fang R, Sa J, Li Z, Cao H, Cui Y. Time-Varying Gene Network Analysis of Human Prefrontal Cortex Development. Front Genet 2020; 11:574543. [PMID: 33304381 PMCID: PMC7701309 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.574543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) constitutes a large part of the human central nervous system and is essential for the normal social affection and executive function of humans and other primates. Despite ongoing research in this region, the development of interactions between PFC genes over the lifespan is still unknown. To investigate the conversion of PFC gene interaction networks and further identify hub genes, we obtained time-series gene expression data of human PFC tissues from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A statistical model, loggle, was used to construct time-varying networks and several common network attributes were used to explore the development of PFC gene networks with age. Network similarity analysis showed that the development of human PFC is divided into three stages, namely, fast development period, deceleration to stationary period, and recession period. We identified some genes related to PFC development at these different stages, including genes involved in neuronal differentiation or synapse formation, genes involved in nerve impulse transmission, and genes involved in the development of myelin around neurons. Some of these genes are consistent with findings in previous reports. At the same time, we explored the development of several known KEGG pathways in PFC and corresponding hub genes. This study clarified the development trajectory of the interaction between PFC genes, and proposed a set of candidate genes related to PFC development, which helps further study of human brain development at the genomic level supplemental to regular anatomical analyses. The analytical process used in this study, involving the loggle model, similarity analysis, and central analysis, provides a comprehensive strategy to gain novel insights into the evolution and development of brain networks in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongqing Wu
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruiling Fang
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Sa
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Hematology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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12
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Kim S, Kim YW, Jeon H, Im CH, Lee SH. Altered Cortical Thickness-Based Individualized Structural Covariance Networks in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061846. [PMID: 32545747 PMCID: PMC7356298 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural covariance is described as coordinated variation in brain morphological features, such as cortical thickness and volume, among brain structures functionally or anatomically interconnected to one another. Structural covariance networks, based on graph theory, have been studied in mental disorders. This analysis can help in understanding the brain mechanisms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We investigated cortical thickness-based individualized structural covariance networks in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained from 39 patients with schizophrenia, 37 patients with bipolar disorder type I, and 32 healthy controls, and cortical thickness was analyzed via a surface-based morphometry analysis. The structural covariance of cortical thickness was calculated at the individual level, and covariance networks were analyzed based on graph theoretical indices: strength, clustering coefficient (CC), path length (PL) and efficiency. At the global level, both patient groups showed decreased strength, CC and efficiency, and increased PL, compared to healthy controls. In bipolar disorder, we found intermediate network measures among the groups. At the nodal level, schizophrenia patients showed decreased CCs in the left suborbital sulcus and the right superior frontal sulcus, compared to bipolar disorder patients. In addition, patient groups showed decreased CCs in the right insular cortex and the left superior occipital gyrus. Global-level network indices, including strength, CCs and efficiency, positively correlated, while PL negatively correlated, with the positive symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for patients with schizophrenia. The nodal-level CC of the right insular cortex positively correlated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, while that of the left superior occipital gyrus positively correlated with the Young Mania Rating Scale scores for bipolar disorder. Altered cortical structural networks were revealed in patients, and particularly, the prefrontal regions were more altered in schizophrenia. Furthermore, altered cortical structural networks in both patient groups correlated with core pathological symptoms, indicating that the insular cortex is more vulnerable in schizophrenia, and the superior occipital gyrus is more vulnerable in bipolar disorder. Our individualized structural covariance network indices might be promising biomarkers for the evaluation of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkean Kim
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Yong-Wook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.-W.K.); (C.-H.I.)
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea;
| | - Hyeonjin Jeon
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea;
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.-W.K.); (C.-H.I.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang 411-706, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-910-7260; Fax: +82-31-910-7268
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Predicting novel genomic regions linked to genetic disorders using GWAS and chromosome conformation data - a case study of schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17940. [PMID: 31784692 PMCID: PMC6884554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified numerous loci harbouring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with various human diseases, although the causal role of many of them remains unknown. In this paper, we postulate that co-location and shared biological function of novel genes with genes known to associate with a specific phenotype make them potential candidates linked to the same phenotype (“guilt-by-proxy”). We propose a novel network-based approach for predicting candidate genes/genomic regions utilising the knowledge of the 3D architecture of the human genome and GWAS data. As a case study we used a well-studied polygenic disorder ‒ schizophrenia ‒ for which we compiled a comprehensive dataset of SNPs. Our approach revealed 634 novel regions covering ~398 Mb of the human genome and harbouring ~9000 genes. Using various network measures and enrichment analysis, we identified subsets of genes and investigated the plausibility of these genes/regions having an association with schizophrenia using literature search and bioinformatics resources. We identified several genes/regions with previously reported associations with schizophrenia, thus providing proof-of-concept, as well as novel candidates with no prior known associations. This approach has the potential to identify novel genes/genomic regions linked to other polygenic disorders and provide means of aggregating genes/SNPs for further investigation.
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Maes M, Sirivichayakul S, Kanchanatawan B, Vodjani A. Breakdown of the Paracellular Tight and Adherens Junctions in the Gut and Blood Brain Barrier and Damage to the Vascular Barrier in Patients with Deficit Schizophrenia. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:306-322. [PMID: 31077000 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deficit schizophrenia is characterized by leaky intestinal tight and adherens junctions and bacterial translocation. Here we examine whether (deficit) schizophrenia is accompanied by leaky paracellular, transcellular, and vascular barriers in the gut and blood-brain barriers. We measured IgA responses to occludin, claudin-5, E-cadherin, and β-catenin (paracellular pathway, PARA); talin, actin, vinculin, and epithelial intermediate filament (transcellular pathway, TRANS); and plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP, vascular pathway) in 78 schizophrenia patients and 40 controls. IgA responses to claudin-5, E-cadherin, and β-catenin, the sum of the four PARA proteins, and the ratio PARA/TRANS were significantly higher in deficit schizophrenia patients than in nondeficit schizophrenia patients and controls. A large part of the variance in PHEMN (psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, and negative) symptoms, psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders, verbal fluency, word list memory, word list recall, and executive functions was explained by the PARA/TRANS ratio coupled with plasma IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria, IgM to malondialdehyde, CCL-11 (eotaxin), IgA levels of the ratio of noxious to more protective tryptophan catabolites (NOX/PRO TRYCATs), and a plasma immune activation index. Moreover, IgA levels to Gram-negative bacteria were significantly associated with IgA to E-cadherin, β-catenin, and PLVAP, while IgA levels to claudin-5 were significantly predicted by IgA to E-cadherin, NOX/PRO TRYCAT ratio, Gram-negative bacteria, and CCL11. The phenomenology of the deficit syndrome is to a large extent explained by the cumulative effects of lowered natural IgM, breakdown of the paracellular and vascular pathways, increased bacterial translocation, peripheral immune-inflammatory responses, and indices of BBB breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aristo Vodjani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cyrex Labs, LLC, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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