1
|
Kimmich R, Schnepf A. Overview and perspectives on metalloid tin cluster chemistry. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39264230 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Although the first metalloid tin cluster was discovered by Wiberg in 1999, the number of isolated and characterized compounds is still low. However, numerous theoretical calculations indicate that a large variety of compounds are yet to be discovered, thereby suggesting that larger clusters might form a cluster-of-clusters arrangement rather than compact structures. This trend seems to be supported by the largest metalloid tin clusters exhibiting up to 20 tin atoms. In this review, recent results and future possibilities of this fascinating class of metalloid tin cluster compounds are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kimmich
- Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - A Schnepf
- Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bashkurov R, Kratish Y, Fridman N, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. A High Yield Synthesis of an Octastannacubane and a Bis(silyl) Stannylene via Reductive Elimination of a Silane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2898-2902. [PMID: 33142030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermolysis of tris(silyl) tin hydride 2 at 70 °C for 3 hours results in elimination of tBu2 MeSiH and generation of bis(silyl) stannylene 3 which dimerizes instantaneously yielding distannene 4. Compound 3 can be trapped by NHCMe yielding stannylene-NHCMe complex 5. Upon heating (70 °C, 24 h) 4 yields stannyl radical 8 along with pentastannatricyclo[2.1.0.02, 5 ]pentane 10 (ca. 30 %) and traces (ca. 5 %) of the novel octastannacubane 9. Remarkably, octastannacubane 9 is produced in 70 % yield by mild heating (50 °C) of 1,1,2,2-tetrasilyldistannane 11, along with tBu2 MeSiH. Octastannacubane 9 was characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Based on DFT quantum-mechanical calculations the 11 → 9 transformation occurs via reductive elimination of two tBu2 MeSiH molecules from 11 yielding a distannyne, (or its bis-stannylene isomer), followed by its tetramerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bashkurov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A High Yield Synthesis of an Octastannacubane and a Bis(silyl) Stannylene via Reductive Elimination of a Silane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
4
|
Steller BG, Fischer RC, Flock M, Hill MS, Liptrot DJ, McMullin CL, Rajabi NA, Tiefling K, Wilson ASS. Reductive dehydrocoupling of diphenyltin dihydride with LiAlH 4: selective synthesis and structures of the first bicyclo[2.2.1]heptastannane-1,4-diide and bicyclo[2.2.2]octastannane-1,4-diide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:336-339. [PMID: 31808473 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of diphenyltin dihydride with LiAlH4 gives access to a set of charged tin cages as their lithium salts. Variation in the ratio of reactants provides a perstannabicyclooctane dianion and a perstannanorbornane as the di- and monoanions. These compounds can be synthesised selectively by careful stoichiometric control and have been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffractometry, NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. Computational exploration of the electronic structures of these compounds was undertaken and, in agreement with structural and spectroscopic features, indicated significant σ-delocalisation in the tin skeletons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate G Steller
- 6330 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Binder M, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Sn20(SitBu3)10Cl2 – the largest metalloid group 14 cluster shows a raspberry-like arrangement of smaller units. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12148-12151. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a metastable Sn(i)Cl solution with NaSitBu3 leads to Sn20(SitBu3)10Cl2, where a raspberry-like cluster of cluster arrangement is realized, giving further insight into the formation process of a metalloid tin cluster from molecular precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Binder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Purdy AP, Butcher RJ, Yesinowski JP, Fischer SA, Gunlycke D, Chaloux BL. Synthesis and Structure of Sn 14Cl 6(CH 2SiMe 3) 12: Toward Nanoclusters of 4-Coordinate α-Sn. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:4921-4925. [PMID: 29688716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Orange crystals of a Sn14 cluster have been isolated in up to 22% yield from a reaction between Me3SiCH2SnCl3, SnCl4, and LiAlH4. The structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction shows three unique Sn atoms in a 6:6:2 ratio, with all Sn atoms 4-coordinate, similar to the tetrahedral bonding in elemental gray Sn. The solid state 117Sn MAS NMR spectrum shows the three types of distinct Sn atoms in the expected 3:3:1 intensity ratio with respective chemical shifts of 87.9, -66.6, and -607.1 ppm relative to Me4Sn. The chemical shift of the two Sn atoms without ligands (bonded only to Sn), at -607.1 ppm, is the most upfield, and is the closest to the chemical shift, reported here, of bulk gray tin (-910 ppm). First-principles density functional theory calculations of the chemical shielding tensors corroborate this assignment. While the core coordination is distorted from the ideal tetrahedral arrangement in the diamond structure of gray tin, this Sn14 cluster, as the largest reported cluster with all 4-coordinate Sn, represents a major incremental step toward being able to prepare atomically precise nanoparticles of gray tin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Purdy
- Chemistry Division , Code 6100, Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Raymond J Butcher
- Howard University , Chemistry Department , 525 College Street NW , Washington , DC 20059 , United States
| | - James P Yesinowski
- Chemistry Division , Code 6100, Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Sean A Fischer
- Chemistry Division , Code 6100, Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Daniel Gunlycke
- Chemistry Division , Code 6100, Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Brian L Chaloux
- Chemistry Division , Code 6100, Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
This review article provides a survey of contemporary investigations on main group metal cluster formation, addressing homo- and heterometallic clusters (including small numbers of transition metal atoms), with or without an external ligand shell, thereby excluding clusters with non-metal atoms as bridging ligands. Most of the studies reflected herein represent insights into the formation of intermediates from the starting material, or the final cluster formation from established intermediates. In rare cases, the entire process was suggested as a result of comprehensive, multi-method elucidations. The article is to be understood as a state-of-the-art report, as the subject matter is currently a rising field of research, which is still in its infancy, despite some early activities that date back to the 1980s. At the same time, the article intends to point toward both the importance and the feasibility of according studies, in order to encourage researchers to gain even more knowledge in this field. Only deep understanding of cluster formation will allow for design, and ultimately control, of their syntheses, with the long-term goal of their optimization and purposeful application in catalysis or novel material synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mitzinger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hinz A, Goicoechea JM. A Monoanionic Arsenide Source: Decarbonylation of the 2-Arsaethynolate Anion upon Reaction with Bulky Stannylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15515-15519. [PMID: 27862768 PMCID: PMC5299489 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report fundamental studies on the reactivity of the 2-arsaethynolate anion (AsCO- ), a species that has only recently become synthetically accessible. The reaction of AsCO- with the bulky stannylene Ter2 Sn (Ter=2,6-bis[2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]phenyl) is described, which leads to the unexpected formation of a [Ter3 Sn2 As2 ]- cluster compound. On the reaction pathway to this cluster, several intermediates were identified and characterized. After the initial association of AsCO- to Ter2 Sn, decarbonylation occurs to give an anion featuring monocoordinate arsenic, [Ter2 SnAs]- . Both species are not stable under ambient conditions, and [Ter2 SnAs]- rearranges to form [TerSnAsTer]- , an unprecedented anionic mixed Group 14/15 alkene analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hinz A, Goicoechea JM. Eine monoanionische Arsenid-Quelle: Decarbonylierung des 2-Arsaethinolat-Anions bei der Reaktion mit Stannylenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Metalloid Clusters. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
11
|
Unpredictable reaction of phenyltrichlorosilane with tert-butyllithium. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Metalloid Sn clusters: properties and the novel synthesis via a disproportionation reaction of a monohalide. REV INORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2013-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMetalloid cluster compounds of tin of the general formulae SnnRm with n>m (R=organic ligand), where beside ligand-bound tin atoms also “naked” tin atoms, that only bind to other tin atoms, are present, represent a novel class of cluster compounds in tin chemistry. As the “naked” tin atoms inside these clusters exhibit an oxidation state of 0, the average oxidation state of the tin atoms within such metalloid tin clusters is in between 0 and 1. Thus, these cluster compounds may be seen as intermediates on the way to the elemental state. Therefore, interesting properties are expected for these compounds, which might complement results from nanotechnology. During the last years, different syntheses of such novel cluster compounds have been introduced, leading to several metalloid tin cluster compounds, which exhibit new and partly unusual structure and bonding properties. In this review, recent results in this novel field of group 14 chemistry are discussed, whereby special attention is focused on the novel synthetic route applying a disproportionation reaction of metastable Sn(I) halides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Schrenk
- 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Naglav D, Tobey B, Harder S, Schnepf A. GeCpbig2[Cpbig= C5(CH2C6H4-iPr)5]: A Flexible Sandwich Molecule. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Scharfe S, Kraus F, Stegmaier S, Schier A, Fässler TF. Zintl-Ionen, Käfigverbindungen und intermetalloide Cluster der Elemente der 14. und 15. Gruppe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
15
|
Scharfe S, Kraus F, Stegmaier S, Schier A, Fässler TF. Zintl Ions, Cage Compounds, and Intermetalloid Clusters of Group 14 and Group 15 Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3630-70. [PMID: 21455921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Scharfe
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching/München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nied D, Oña-Burgos P, Klopper W, Breher F. Tuning the Gap: Electronic Properties and Radical-Type Reactivities of Heteronuclear [1.1.1]Propellanes of Heavier Group 14 Elements. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om100977z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Nied
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pascual Oña-Burgos
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Relationships Between Soluble Zintl Anions, Ligand-Stabilized Cage Compounds, and Intermetalloid Clusters of Tetrel (Si–Pb) and Pentel (P–Bi) Elements. ZINTL IONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2010_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
18
|
Lee VY, Takanashi K, Matsuno T, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. The hexasiladigermacubane dianion. Appl Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Nied D, Matern E, Berberich H, Neumaier M, Breher F. Radical-Type Reactivity of Metalla[1.1.1]propellanes of Group 14: Syntheses, Structures, and Reduction Chemistry of Transition Metal-Terminated Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentastannanes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100779b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Nied
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eberhard Matern
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helga Berberich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marco Neumaier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meyer-Wegner F, Lerner HW, Bolte M. C—H...π interactions in cocrystals of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene and diphenylacetylene with benzene. Acta Crystallogr C 2010; 66:o182-4. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270110005846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
21
|
Schrenk C, Schellenberg I, Pöttgen R, Schnepf A. The formation of a metalloid Sn10[Si(SiMe3)3]6cluster compound and its relation to the α↔β tin phase transition. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1872-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b921392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Meyer-Wegner F, Scholz S, Sänger I, Schödel F, Bolte M, Wagner M, Lerner HW. Synthesis of Wiberg’s Tetrasilatetrahedrane (tBu3Si)4Si4 by a One-Pot Procedure. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900763y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Meyer-Wegner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Inge Sänger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frauke Schödel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schenk C, Schnepf A. [AuGe18{Si(SiMe3)3}6]-: a soluble Au-Ge cluster on the way to a molecular cable? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 46:5314-6. [PMID: 17579905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Engesserstrasse, Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nied D, Klopper W, Breher F. Pentagerma[1.1.1]propellane: A Combined Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study on the Nature of the Interactions between the Bridgehead Atoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1411-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Nied
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany), Fax: (+49) 721‐608‐7021
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany), Fax: (+49) 721‐608‐3319
| | - Frank Breher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany), Fax: (+49) 721‐608‐7021
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nied D, Klopper W, Breher F. Pentagerma[1.1.1]propellane: A Combined Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study on the Nature of the Interactions between the Bridgehead Atoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Nied
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany), Fax: (+49) 721‐608‐7021
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany), Fax: (+49) 721‐608‐3319
| | - Frank Breher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany), Fax: (+49) 721‐608‐7021
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Prabusankar G, Kempter A, Gemel C, Schröter MK, Fischer R. [Sn17{GaCl(ddp)}4]: A High-Nuclearity Metalloid Tin Cluster Trapped by Electrophilic Gallium Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7234-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Prabusankar G, Kempter A, Gemel C, Schröter MK, Fischer R. [Sn17{GaCl(ddp)}4], ein großer metalloider Zinncluster in einer Hülle aus elektrophilen Galliumliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
28
|
Wiberg N, Vasisht SK, Fischer G, Mayer P, Huch V, Veith M. Reactivity of the Unusually Structured Silicon Cluster Compound Si8(SitBu3)6. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
29
|
Schenk C, Schnepf A. Die Synthese des löslichen Au-Ge-Clusters [AuGe18{Si(SiMe3)3}6]− – ein Schritt auf dem Weg zu einem molekularen Kabel? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Brynda M, Herber R, Hitchcock PB, Lappert MF, Nowik I, Power PP, Protchenko AV, Růzicka A, Steiner J. Higher-nuclearity group 14 metalloid clusters: [Sn(9){Sn(NRR')}(6)]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:4333-7. [PMID: 16758495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Brynda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Breher F. Stretching bonds in main group element compounds—Borderlines between biradicals and closed-shell species. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Schnepf A. Metalloid group 14 cluster compounds: an introduction and perspectives to this novel group of cluster compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 36:745-58. [PMID: 17471399 DOI: 10.1039/b516379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloid cluster compounds of group 14 of the general formulae E(n)R(m) with n > m (E = Si, Ge, Sn and Pb, tetrel elements; R = ligand), where "naked" tetrel atoms are present as well as ligand-bound tetrel atoms, represent a novel class of cluster compounds in group 14 chemistry. Since the "naked" tetrel atoms in these clusters exhibit an oxidation state of 0, the average oxidation state of the tetrel atoms in such metalloid group 14 cluster compounds is between 0 and 1. Thus, these cluster compounds may be seen as intermediates on the way to the elemental state. Therefore, interesting properties maybe expected for these compounds which might complement results from nanotechnology. During the last years many different syntheses of such novel cluster compounds have been introduced, leading to several metalloid group 14 cluster compounds which exhibit new and unusual structure and bonding properties. In this tutorial review an account is given of the first steps in this novel field of group 14 chemistry. Special attention is focused on structural features and bonding properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstr., Geb.30.45, D-76128 Karlsruhe.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schnepf A. Metalloid cluster compounds of germanium: A novel class of germanium cluster compounds of formulae GenRm (n>m). Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
Brynda M, Herber R, Hitchcock PB, Lappert MF, Nowik I, Power PP, Protchenko AV, Růžička A, Steiner J. Higher-Nuclearity Group 14 Metalloid Clusters: [Sn9{Sn(NRR′)}6]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
35
|
Fischer G, Huch V, Mayer P, Vasisht SK, Veith M, Wiberg N. Si8(SitBu3)6: A Hitherto Unknown Cluster Structure in Silicon Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7884-7. [PMID: 16287188 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Fischer
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fischer G, Huch V, Mayer P, Vasisht SK, Veith M, Wiberg N. Si8(SitBu3)6: ein bisher unbekannter Clustertyp der Siliciumchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Richards AF, Eichler BE, Brynda M, Olmstead MM, Power PP. Metal-Rich, Neutral and Cationic Organotin Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
39
|
Richards AF, Eichler BE, Brynda M, Olmstead MM, Power PP. Metal-Rich, Neutral and Cationic Organotin Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2546-9. [PMID: 15782378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Richards AF, Brynda M, Olmstead MM, Power PP. Characterization of Ge5R4 (R = CH(SiMe3)2, C6H3-2,6-Mes2): Germanium Clusters of a New Structural Type with Singlet Biradical Character. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049921z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne F. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marcin Brynda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Eichler BE, Power PP. Synthesis and Characterization of [Sn8(2,6-Mes2C6H3)4] (Mes=2,4,6-Me3C6H2): A Main Group Metal Cluster with a Unique Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010216)113:4<818::aid-ange8180>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
42
|
Eichler BE, Power PP. Synthesis and Characterization of [Sn8(2,6-Mes2C6H3)4] (Mes=2,4,6-Me3C6H2): A Main Group Metal Cluster with a Unique Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010216)40:4<796::aid-anie7960>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|