1
|
Khan SA, Khan H, Ahmad S, Rehman FU, Khan AA, Khan MA. GCMS characterization and biological potential of the seeds and aerial part of Galium tricorne Stokes. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e256920. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Natural products have long been proven very effective against various challenging diseases including cancer and bacterial infections. Galium tricorne is one of the important source of natural products, which has not been explored till date in spite of its profound ethnomedicinal prominence. The current study has been designed to explore the biological potential of G. tricorne and to extract and isolate chemical constituents from its aerial part and seeds respectively along with identification of their chemical constituents. Phytochemical screening was performed to figure out the presence of secondary metabolite in G. tricorne. Crude Methanolic extract (Gt.Crd), which was obtained from the aerial part while the fatty acids were extracted from the seeds, which were later on analyzed by GCMS. Similarly, Well Diffusion and MTT method were used for antibacterial activity and cancer cell line assay respectively. To evaluate the cytotoxic potential, brine shrimps were used. Likewise, in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis a total number of 23 compounds were identified in Gt.Crd extract out of which 7 compounds were sorted out to have some sort of toxicity profile. In the same fashion, 5 fatty acids were identified in the seeds of G. tricorne. Moreover, among the fractions, chloroform fraction (Gt.Chf) exhibited greater zone of inhibition (ZOI) 20.37 mm followed by Gt.Crd 18.40 mm against S. aureus and S. pyogenes respectively. In cytotoxicity Gt.Chf was more active followed by ethyl acetate fraction (Gt.Eta) by exhibiting 88.32±0.62% (LC50=60 µg/mL) and 73.95±2.25% (LC50=80 µg/mL) respectively at 1000 µg/mL concentration of the tested sample. Gt.Chf exhibited greater cell line inhibitory activity (IC50=61 µg/mL) against HeLa cell line. Similarly, Gt.Crd displayed IC50 values of 167.84 µg/mL and 175.46 µg/mL against HeLa and NIH/3T3 cell line respectively. Based on the literature review and screenings, it may be concluded that the aerial part and seeds of G. tricorne are the rich sources of bioactive compounds. The results of the current study also authenticate the scientific background for the ethnomedicinal uses of G. tricorne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Ahmad
- Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laanet PR, Saar-Reismaa P, Jõul P, Bragina O, Vaher M. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Estonian Galium Species. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062867. [PMID: 36985838 PMCID: PMC10056973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine three different Galium species from the native population of Estonia, Galium verum, Galium aparine, and Galium mollugo, to characterise their non-volatile and volatile phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The main groups of bioactive compounds in the plants were quantified by colorimetric tests, showing high concentrations of polyphenols (up to 27.2 ± 1.5 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (up to 7.3 ± 0.5 mg QE/g) and iridoids (up to 40.8 ± 2.9 mg AE/g). The species were compared using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, revealing some key differences in the phytochemical makeup of the extracts. The most abundant compound in the extracts of Galium verum blossoms and herb was found to be asperuloside, in Galium aparine herb, asperulosidic acid, and in Galium mollugo herb, chlorogenic acid. Additionally, the composition of volatile compounds was analysed by SPME-GC-MS. The degree of variability between the samples was high, but three volatiles, hexanal, anethole, and β-caryophyllene, were quantified (≥1%) in all analysed samples. The antioxidative activity of all extracts was evaluated using the ORACFL method, demonstrating that the Galium species from Estonia all exhibit strong antioxidant capacity (up to 9.3 ± 1.2 mg TE/g). Out of the extracts studied, Galium verum blossoms contained the highest amounts of bioactives and had the strongest antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pille-Riin Laanet
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Piret Saar-Reismaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- HAN BioCentre, Laan van Scheut 2, 6525 EM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piia Jõul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Olga Bragina
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Merike Vaher
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ilina T, Kashpur N, Granica S, Bazylko A, Shinkovenko I, Kovalyova A, Goryacha O, Koshovyi O. Phytochemical Profiles and In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Galium aparine L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E541. [PMID: 31775336 PMCID: PMC6963662 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Galium aparine L., family Rubiaceae, is a widely spread species in the Galium genus. The herb of G. aparine is part of folk remedies and dietary supplements. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition and immunomodulatory activities of G. aparine herb ethanolic extracts obtained from the plant material by maceration with 20%, 60% or 96% ethanol. The contents of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically, with extractives and polysaccharides quantified gravimetrically. The qualitative composition was studied using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis; isolation not previously described in G. aparine quercetin rhamnoglucoside was carried out through column chromatography, and the immunomodulatory activity of extracts was determined in the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation. Major constitutes of extracts were iridoids, i.e., monotropein, 10-desacetylasperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid; p-hydroxybenzoic acid; hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, i.e., 3-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acids and caffeic acid derivatives; flavonoids, i.e., rutin, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside-7-O-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3-O-glucorhamnoside. Significantly, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside-7-O-glucoside was first isolated and identified in Galium species so far investigated. All G. aparine herb ethanolic extracts stimulate the transformational activity of immunocompetent blood cells, with 96% ethanolic extract being the most active. The data obtained necessitate further research into the mechanisms of immunomodulatory activity of extracts from G. aparine herb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Ilina
- National University of Pharmacy, 53-Pushkinska str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (T.I.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Natalia Kashpur
- Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16-Pushkinska str., 61057 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Bazylko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Igor Shinkovenko
- National University of Pharmacy, 53-Pushkinska str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (T.I.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Alla Kovalyova
- National University of Pharmacy, 53-Pushkinska str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (T.I.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Olga Goryacha
- National University of Pharmacy, 53-Pushkinska str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (T.I.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Oleh Koshovyi
- National University of Pharmacy, 53-Pushkinska str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (T.I.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.); (O.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mocan A, Diuzheva A, Bădărău S, Moldovan C, Andruch V, Carradori S, Campestre C, Tartaglia A, De Simone M, Vodnar D, Tiecco M, Germani R, Crișan G, Locatelli M. Liquid Phase and Microwave-Assisted Extractions for Multicomponent Phenolic Pattern Determination of Five Romanian Galium Species Coupled with Bioassays. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071226. [PMID: 30925810 PMCID: PMC6480365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Galium is a plant rich in iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and small amounts of essential oils and vitamin C. Recent works showed the antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activity of this plant genus. Methods: For the determination of the multicomponent phenolic pattern, liquid phase microextraction procedures were applied, combined with HPLC-PDA instrument configuration in five Galium species aerial parts (G. verum, G. album, G. rivale, G. pseudoaristatum, and G. purpureum). Dispersive Liquid–Liquid MicroExtraction (DLLME) with NaCl and NAtural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) medium and Ultrasound-Assisted (UA)-DLLME with β-cyclodextrin medium were optimized. Results: The optimal DLLME conditions were found to be: 10 mg of the sample, 10% NaCl, 15% NADES or 1% β-cyclodextrin as extraction solvent—400 μL of ethyl acetate as dispersive solvent—300 μL of ethanol, vortex time—30 s, extraction time—1 min, centrifugation at 12000× g for 5 min. Conclusions: These results were compared with microwave-assisted extraction procedures. G. purpureum and G. verum extracts showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. The most potent extract in terms of antioxidant capacity was obtained from G. purpureum, whereas the extract obtained from G. album exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against tyrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina Diuzheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, SK-04180 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Sabin Bădărău
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cadmiel Moldovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Vasil Andruch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, SK-04180 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marta De Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Matteo Tiecco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Raimondo Germani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bradic J, Petkovic A, Tomovic M. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Some Species of the Genus Galium L. Galium Verum and Mollugo. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Galium verum L. and Galium mollugo L. are perennial herbaceous plants, belonging to the Rubiaceae family. Several classes of bioactive compounds, such as iridoid glycosides, phenolic compounds, anthraquinones and triterpenes, as well as small amounts of tannins, saponins, essential oils have been isolated from Galium species so far. Plants belonging to this genus have a long history of use in a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and conditions. Th e main application of G. verum is as diuretic, choleretic and as the treatment for gout and epilepsy. On the other hand, G. mollugo has been used to treat hysteria, epilepsy, as vulnerary. Over the past decades, numerous papers have been published referring to the chemical constituents presented in G. verum and G. mollugo extracts. Additionally, chemical composition and pharmacological effects of G. verum have been investigated, however data related to the effects of G. mollugo is limited. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of G. verum and G. mollugo. Finally, we proposed directions for future research in this field, which can improve our understanding of the potential health benefits of Galium species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Anica Petkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Marina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Genetic diversity and relationships among Egyptian Galium (Rubiaceae) and related species using ISSR and RAPD markers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Jan AK, Shah MR, Anis I, Marwat IK. In vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Galium tricornutum subsp. longipedunculatum. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 24:192-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khaliq Jan
- Sheringal High Altitude Research Center and Campus, University of Malakand, Pakistan
- HEJIRC, Institute of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- HEJIRC, Institute of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Itrat Anis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
A compilation of new naturally occurring iridoid glycosides, iridoid aglycones, iridoid derivatives and bis-iridoids reported during 1994-2005 is provided with available physical and spectral data: mp, [alpha]D, UV, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR as well as natural source with family and references. 418 compounds with 202 references are cited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, agartala, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rasmussen LS, Rank C, Jensen SR. Transfer of iridoid glucosides from host plant Galium verum to hemiparasitic Euphrasia stricta. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Mavi A, Terzi Z, Ozgen U, Yildirim A, Coşkun M. Antioxidant Properties of Some Medicinal Plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae). Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:702-5. [PMID: 15133249 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, reducing powers and the amount of total phenolic compounds of aqueous and/or methanolic extracts of some medicinal plants used in Eastern Turkey were studied. These plants are Prangos ferulacea (CASIR), Sedum sempervivoides (HOROZ LELESI), Malva neglecta (EBEMGUMECI), Cruciata taurica (SARILIK OTU), Rosa pimpinellifolia (KOYUN GOZU), Galium verum subsp. verum (MADAVUR OTU), Urtica dioica (ISIRGAN). The highest peroxidation inhibitions were shown by aqueous extracts of C. taurica and R. pimpinellifolia (IC(50): 0.00022 mg/l and IC(50): 23 mg/l, respectively). However, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and the amount of phenolic compounds were shown by R. pimpinellifolia. The lowest antioxidant properties were shown by aqueous extract of M. neglecta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mavi
- Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|