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Kim JH, Park CM, Jeong HC, Jeong GH, Cha GS, Lee S, Yun CH. Production of Mono-Hydroxylated Derivatives of Terpinen-4-ol by Bacterial CYP102A1 Enzymes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:725-734. [PMID: 38044690 PMCID: PMC11016761 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2310.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CYP102A1 from Bacillus megaterium is an important enzyme in biotechnology, because engineered CYP102A1 enzymes can react with diverse substrates and produce human cytochrome P450-like metabolites. Therefore, CYP102A1 can be applied to drug metabolite production. Terpinen-4-ol is a cyclic monoterpene and the primary component of essential tea tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol was known for therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Because terpenes are natural compounds, examining novel terpenes and investigating the therapeutic effects of terpenes represent responses to social demands for eco-friendly compounds. In this study, we investigated the catalytic activity of engineered CYP102A1 on terpinen-4-ol. Among CYP102A1 mutants tested here, the R47L/F81I/F87V/E143G/L188Q/N213S/E267V mutant showed the highest activity to terpinen-4-ol. Two major metabolites of terpinen-4-ol were generated by engineered CYP102A1. Characterization of major metabolites was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Based on the LC-MS results, the difference in mass-to-charge ratio of an ion (m/z) between terpinen-4-ol and its major metabolites was 16. One major metabolite was defined as 1,4-dihydroxy-p-menth-2-ene by NMR. Given these results, we speculate that another major metabolite is also a mono-hydroxylated product. Taken together, we suggest that CYP102A1 can be applied to make novel terpene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Mi Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Chan Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Han Jeong
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Su Cha
- Namhae Garlic Research Institute, Namhae 52430, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Garnes–Portolés F, López–Cruz C, Sánchez–Quesada J, Espinós–Ferri E, Leyva–Pérez A. Solid-catalyzed synthesis of isomers–free terpinen–4–ol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nikolaiczyk V, Kirschning A, Díaz E. Lipoxygenase‐catalysed co‐oxidation for sustained production of oxyfunctionalized terpenoids. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nikolaiczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany
- Symrise AG Holzminden Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany
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Antimicrobial chloro-hydroxylactones derived from the biotransformation of bicyclic halolactones by cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104250. [PMID: 32966901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to test the ability of cultures of edible fungi to biotransform three bicyclic halolactones. The substrates (2-chloro-, 2-bromo- and 2-iodo-4,4,6,7-tetramethyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-one) received by means of synthesis were transformed by oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and edible mushrooms of the genus Armillaria mellea, Marasmius scorodonius and Laetiporus sulfureus. The substrates were converted to hydroxyl derivatives only by the cultures of oyster mushroom. Out of seven strains of Pleurotus ostreatus - three were capable of hydroxylation of all substrates with the most effective conversion of chlorolactone. Bromo- and iodolactone were transformed to a small extent. Four new chloro-hydroxylactones were obtained as biotransformation products. The structures of substrates and products were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. Studies of antimicrobial activity performed on reference strains of pathogenic microorganisms showed that halolactones caused complete inhibition of growth of A. alternata and F. linii strains. On the other hand, chloro-hydroxylactones were able to completely inhibit the growth of A. alternata and F. linii strains and also C. albicans strain.
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Trapp T, Kirchner T, Birk F, Fraatz MA, Zorn H. Biosynthesis of Stereoisomers of Dill Ether and Wine Lactone by Pleurotus sapidus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13400-13411. [PMID: 30813719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The white-rot fungus Pleurotus sapidus (PSA) biosynthesizes the bicyclic monoterpenoids 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran (dill ether) (1) and 3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one (wine lactone) (2). Submerged cultures grown in different media were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The stereochemistry of the formed isomers was elucidated by comparing their retention indices to those of reference compounds by enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography. The basidiomycete produced the rare (3R,3aR,7aS) and (3S,3aR,7aS) stereoisomers of dill ether and wine lactone. Kinetic analyses of the volatilome and bioprocess parameters revealed that the biosynthesis of the bicyclic monoterpenoids correlated with the availability of the primary carbon source glucose. Spiking the media with 13C-labeled glucose demonstrated that the compounds were produced de novo. Supplementation studies i.a. with isotopically labeled substrates further identified limonene and p-menth-1-en-9-ol as intermediate compounds in the fungal pathways. PSA was able to biotransform all enantiomeric forms of the latter compounds to the respective isomers of dill ether and wine lactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Trapp
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Tabea Kirchner
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Florian Birk
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Marco Alexander Fraatz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology , Winchester Straße 2 , 35394 Giessen , Germany
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Engleder M, Pichler H. On the current role of hydratases in biocatalysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5841-5858. [PMID: 29785499 PMCID: PMC6013536 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Water addition to carbon-carbon double bonds provides access to value-added products from inexpensive organic feedstock. This interesting but relatively little-studied reaction is catalysed by hydratases in a highly regio- and enantiospecific fashion with excellent atom economy. Considering that asymmetric hydration of (non-activated) carbon-carbon double bonds is virtually impossible with current organic chemistry, enzymatic hydration reactions are highly attractive for industrial applications. Hydratases have been known for several decades but their biocatalytic potential has only been explored over the past 15 years. As a result, a considerable amount of information on this enzyme group has become available, enabling their development for practical applications. This review focuses on hydratases catalysing water addition to non-activated carbon-carbon double bonds, and examines hydratases from a biochemical, structural and mechanistic angle. Current challenges and opportunities in hydration biocatalysis are discussed, and, ultimately, their potential for organic synthesis is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Engleder
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Petersgasse 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Petersgasse 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Trapp T, Zajul M, Ahlborn J, Stephan A, Zorn H, Fraatz MA. Submerged Cultivation of Pleurotus sapidus with Molasses: Aroma Dilution Analyses by Means of Solid Phase Microextraction and Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2393-2402. [PMID: 28190358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus (PSA) was grown in submerged cultures with molasses as substrate for the production of mycelium as a protein source for food applications. The volatilomes of the substrate, the submerged culture, and the mycelia were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-olfactometry. For compound identification, aroma dilution analyses by means of headspace solid phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction were performed via variation of the split vent flow rate. Among the most potent odorants formed by PSA were arylic compounds (e.g., p-anisaldehyde), unsaturated carbonyls (e.g., 1-octen-3-one, ( E)-2-octenal, ( E, E)-2,4-decadienal), and cyclic monoterpenoids (e.g., 3,9-epoxy- p-menth-1-ene, 3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(3 H)-one). Several compounds from the latter group were described for the first time in Pleurotus spp. After separation of the mycelia from the medium, the aroma compounds were mainly enriched in the culture supernatant. The sensory analysis of the mycelium correlated well with the instrumental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Trapp
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Martina Zajul
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Jenny Ahlborn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Alexander Stephan
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- VAN HEES GmbH , Kurt-van-Hees-Strasse 1 , 65396 Walluf , Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Marco Alexander Fraatz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
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Schewe H, Mirata MA, Schrader J. Bioprocess engineering for microbial synthesis and conversion of isoprenoids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 148:251-86. [PMID: 25893480 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids represent a natural product class essential to living organisms. Moreover, industrially relevant isoprenoid molecules cover a wide range of products such as pharmaceuticals, flavors and fragrances, or even biofuels. Their often complex structure makes chemical synthesis a difficult and expensive task and extraction from natural sources is typically low yielding. This has led to intense research for biotechnological production of isoprenoids by microbial de novo synthesis or biotransformation. Here, metabolic engineering, including synthetic biology approaches, is the key technology to develop efficient production strains in the first place. Bioprocess engineering, particularly in situ product removal (ISPR), is the second essential technology for the development of industrial-scale bioprocesses. A number of elaborate bioreactor and ISPR designs have been published to target the problems of isoprenoid synthesis and conversion, such as toxicity and product inhibition. However, despite the many exciting applications of isoprenoids, research on isoprenoid-specific bioprocesses has mostly been, and still is, limited to small-scale proof-of-concept approaches. This review presents and categorizes different ISPR solutions for biotechnological isoprenoid production and also addresses the main challenges en route towards industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schewe
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Biochemical Engineering, Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
The usage of essential oils as such or of volatile fractions thereof is widespread in the flavor and fragrance industry to aromatize perfumery and cosmetic products, foodstuffs, and many household and pharmaceutical products. The increased market share of convenience food together with consumers’ request for constant high quality and natural products have established a lasting increase in the demand for natural flavorings that cannot be satisfied by the traditional plant materials. This review summarizes selected work on terpene bioconversion / transformation and focuses on recently published papers dealing with novel strains and products, high product yields, intriguing genetic engineering approaches, and integrated bioprocesses. The future perspectives of an industrial realization of a biotechnological production of terpene-derived natural flavors are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Krings
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie im Zentrum Angewandte Chemie, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraβe 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Guenter Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie im Zentrum Angewandte Chemie, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraβe 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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Catabolism of citronellol and related acyclic terpenoids in pseudomonads. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:859-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gounaris Y. Biotechnology for the production of essential oils, flavours and volatile isolates. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pescheck M, Mirata MA, Brauer B, Krings U, Berger RG, Schrader J. Improved monoterpene biotransformation with Penicillium sp. by use of a closed gas loop bioreactor. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:827-36. [PMID: 19322596 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A closed gas loop bioprocess was developed to improve fungal biotransformation of monoterpenes. By circulating monoterpene-saturated process gas, the evaporative loss of the volatile precursor from the medium during the biotransformation was avoided. Penicillium solitum, isolated from kiwi, turned out to be highly tolerant towards monoterpenes and to convert alpha-pinene to a range of products including verbenone, a valuable aroma compound. The gas loop was mandatory to reproduce the production of 35 mg L(-1) verbenone obtained in shake flasks and also in the bioreactor. Penicillium digitatum DSM 62840 regioselectively converted (+)-limonene to the aroma compound alpha-terpineol, but shake flask cultures revealed a pronounced growth inhibition when initial concentrations exceeded 1.9 mM. In the bioreactor, toxic effects on P. digitatum during biotransformation were alleviated by starting a sequential feeding of non-toxic limonene portions after a preceding growth phase. Closing the precursor-saturated gas loop during the biotransformation allowed for an additional replenishment of limonene via the gas phase. The gas loop system led to a maximum alpha-terpineol concentration of 1,009 mg L(-1) and an average productivity of 8-9 mg L(-1) h(-1) which represents a doubling of the respective values previously reported. Furthermore, a molar conversion yield of up to 63% was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pescheck
- Biochemical Engineering Group, DECHEMA eV, Karl-Winnacker-Institut, Frankfurt, Germany
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