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Alruwad MI, Salah El Dine R, Gendy AM, Sabry MM, El Hefnawy HM. Exploring the Biological and Phytochemical Potential of Jordan's Flora: A Review and Update of Eight Selected Genera from Mediterranean Region. Molecules 2024; 29:1160. [PMID: 38474670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Jordan's flora is known for its rich diversity, with a grand sum of 2978 plant species that span 142 families and 868 genera across four different zones. Eight genera belonging to four different plant families have been recognized for their potential natural medicinal properties within the Mediterranean region. These genera include Chrysanthemum L., Onopordum Vaill. Ex. L., Phagnalon Cass., and Senecio L. from the Asteraceae family, in addition to Clematis L. and Ranunculus L. from the Ranunculaceae family, Anchusa L. from the Boraginaceae family, and Eryngium L. from the Apiaceae family. The selected genera show a wide variety of secondary metabolites with encouraging pharmacological characteristics including antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, and neuroprotective actions. Further research on these genera and their extracts will potentially result in the formulation of novel and potent natural pharmaceuticals. Overall, Jordan's rich flora provides a valuable resource for exploring and discovering new plant-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal I Alruwad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham Salah El Dine
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M Gendy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Manal M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala M El Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Su H, Hu YJ, Mo XY, Diao N, Wang Y, Liang D. Three new phenylpropanoid glucosides and a new tyramine-type alkamide from Piper puberulum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:237-247. [PMID: 37812065 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2266386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Three new phenylpropanoid glycosides, piperpubelide (1), 1-propionyl-3-hydroxy-phenyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and 1-propionyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), a new tyramine-type alkamide, puberulumine L (4), together with thirteen known compounds (5-17) were isolated from Piper puberulum (Benth.) Maxim. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data involving NMR, IR, UV, and HRESIMS data. Calculated and experimental ECD was used to confirm the configuration of compound 1. Compounds 14, 16, and 17 exhibited relatively positive DPPH radical scavenging activities, with corresponding EC50 of 10.23, 24.12, and 21.83 μM, respectively. In addition, compound 5 inhibited LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 microglia with an IC50 value of 18.05 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ya-Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ning Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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Alruwad MI, Sabry MM, Gendy AM, El-Dine RS, El Hefnawy HM. In Vitro Cytotoxic Potential of Selected Jordanian Flora and Their Associated Phytochemical Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1626. [PMID: 37111849 PMCID: PMC10142466 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional medicines are a significant source of phytochemicals with potential anticancer effects. Ten Jordanian plants were chosen to be tested for cytotoxicity on human colorectal (HT-29) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. The ethanol extracts were screened for their potential cytotoxic effects using a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay, using doxorubicin as positive control. Plants extracts exhibiting marked cytotoxic activity were further investigated by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical methods. Total phenolics were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, while flavonoids were quantified using aluminum chloride. The total saponins of the n-butanol fraction were estimated using diosgenin as a standard. The total alkaloids and total terpenoids were also evaluated using the gravimetric method. As results, Senecio leucanthemifolius (IC50: 13.84 μg/mL) and Clematis cirrhosa (IC50: 13.28 μg/mL) exhibited marked cytotoxic effects on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell lines. Total phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids found in Senecio leucanthemifolius were (91.82, 14.90, 14.27, 101, and 135.4 mg/g of dry extract), respectively. They were revealed to be (68.18, 7.16, 31.25, 73.6, and 180 mg/g of dry extract) in Clematis cirrhosa, respectively. Senecio leucanthemifolius and Clematis cirrhosa have been found to possess cytotoxicity against colorectal (HT-29). In conclusion, the findings of this study offer a new perspective on Jordanian plant extracts anticancer activity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal I. Alruwad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. Gendy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Riham Salah El-Dine
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala M. El Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Kim JG, Lee JW, Le TPL, Han JS, Cho YB, Kwon H, Lee D, Lee MK, Hwang BY. Sesquiterpenoids from Chrysanthemum indicum with Inhibitory Effects on NO Production. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:562-569. [PMID: 33667099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three new guaianolide lactones (1-3) and four new 9-oxonerolidol glucosides (5-8) together with 20 known compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum. Their structures were elucidated based on the interpretation of NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data along with acid hydrolysis. Of the isolates, sesquiterpenoids 1-4 and 15 and flavones 17 and 18 exhibited inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range 0.2-27.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Thi Phuong Linh Le
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Jae Sang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Haeun Kwon
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
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Ashaq A, Maqbool MF, Maryam A, Khan M, Shakir HA, Irfan M, Qazi JI, Li Y, Ma T. Hispidulin: A novel natural compound with therapeutic potential against human cancers. Phytother Res 2020; 35:771-789. [PMID: 32945582 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating disease and leading cause of death worldwide. The conventional anticancer drugs are monotarget, toxic, expensive and suffer from drug resistance. Development of multi-targeted drugs from natural products has emerged as a new paradigm to overcome aforementioned conventionally encountered obstacles. Hispidulin (HIS), is a biologically active natural flavone with versatile biological and pharmacological activities. The anticancer, antimutagenic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of HIS have been reported. The aim of this review is to summarize the findings of several studies over the last few decades on the anticancer activity of HIS published in various databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. HIS has been shown to reduce the growth of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis via modulating multiple signaling pathways implicated in cancer initiation and progression. Multitargeted anticancer activity of HIS remains the strongest point for developing it into potential anticancer drug. We also highlighted the natural sources, anticancer mechanism, cellular targets, and chemo-sensitizing potential of HIS. This review will provide bases for design and conduct of further pre-clinical and clinical trials to develop HIS into a lead structure for future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ashaq
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Amara Maryam
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz A Shakir
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Javed I Qazi
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Acacetin, a flavone with diverse therapeutic potential in cancer, inflammation, infections and other metabolic disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111708. [PMID: 32866514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacetin is a di-hydroxy and mono-methoxy flavone present in various plants, including black locust, Damiana, Silver birch. Literature information revealed that acacetin exhibits an array of pharmacological potential including chemopreventive and cytotoxic properties in cancer cell lines, prevents ischemia/reperfusion/myocardial infarction-induced cardiac injury, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced neuroinflammation, LPS and sepsis-induced lung injury, rheumatoid and collagen-induced arthritis, inhibit the microbial growth, obesity, viral-mediated infections as well as hepatic protection. PURPOSE This review highlights the therapeutic potential of acacetin, with updated and comprehensive information on the biological sources, chemistry, and pharmacological properties along with the possible mechanism of action, safety aspects, and future research opportunities. STUDY DESIGN The information was retrieved from various search engines, including Pubmed, SciFinder, Science direct, Inxight:drugs, Google scholar, and Meta cyc. RESULT The first section of this review focuses on the detailed biological source of acacetin, chromatographic techniques used for isolation, chemical characteristics, the method for the synthesis of acacetin, and the available natural and synthetic derivatives. Subsequently, the pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, have been discussed. The pharmacokinetics data and toxicity profile of acacetin are also discussed. CONCLUSION Acacetin is a potent molecule reported for its strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity, however further scientific evidence is essential to validate its potency in disease models associated with inflammation and cancer. There is limited information available for toxicity profiling of acacetin; therefore, further studies would aid in establishing this natural flavone as a potent candidate for research studies at clinical setup.
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The pharmacological and biological roles of eriodictyol. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:582-592. [PMID: 32594426 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eriodictyol is a flavonoid in the flavanones subclass. It is abundantly present in a wide range of medicinal plants, citrus fruits, and vegetables that are considered to have potential health importance. Having the considerable medicinal properties, eriodictyol has been predicted to clarify the mode of action in various cellular and molecular pathways. Evidence for the existing therapeutic roles of eriodictyol includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and miscellaneous. Therefore, this review aims to present the recent evidence regarding the mechanisms of action of eriodictyol in different signaling pathways in a specific disease condition. In view of the immense therapeutic effects, eriodictyol may serve as a potential drug source to enhance community health standards.
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Sugimoto S, Yamano Y, Desoukey SY, Katakawa K, Wanas AS, Otsuka H, Matsunami K. Isolation of Sesquiterpene-Amino Acid Conjugates, Onopornoids A-D, and a Flavonoid Glucoside from Onopordum alexandrinum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1471-1477. [PMID: 31199638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of a variety of compounds such as pyrrolidine derivatives, flavonoids, and megastigmanes in Egyptian plants. Onopordum alexandrinum has been traditionally used by the natives for treatment of skin cancers and leprosy. In this paper the isolation of four new sesquiterpene-amino acid conjugates, onopornoids A-D (1-4), i.e., three elemanes and one germacrane, and a new acylated flavonoid glucoside (5) along with nine known compounds (6-14) from the whole aerial parts of the title plant is discussed. The structures were elucidated based on chemical and spectroscopic/spectrometric data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Hiroshima University , 1-2-3 Kasumi , Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553 , Japan
| | - Yoshi Yamano
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Hiroshima University , 1-2-3 Kasumi , Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553 , Japan
| | - Samar Y Desoukey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Kazuaki Katakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Musashino University , 11-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi , Tokyo 202-8585 , Japan
| | - Amira S Wanas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Hideaki Otsuka
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yasuda Women's University , 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi , Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153 , Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Hiroshima University , 1-2-3 Kasumi , Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553 , Japan
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Thenmozhi K, Anusuya N, Ajmal Ali M, Jamuna S, Karthika K, Venkatachalapathi A, Al-Hemaid FM, Farah MA, Paulsamy S. Pharmacological credence of the folklore use of Bauhinia malabarica in the management of jaundice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:22-26. [PMID: 29379351 PMCID: PMC5775108 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The information on the hepatoprotective effect of Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. (Family Leguminosae) used in the folkloric medical practice in Malabar coast and Walayar valley of southern India for the treatment of liver related disorders is completely unknown. Hence, the efficacy of the aqueous methanolic extract of stem bark of B. malabarica (AqMeOH-Ba) was evaluated for liver function serum biochemical markers along with the antioxidant markers in liver tissues of Wistar albino rats. The biochemical observations as well as the histopathological examination of liver sections manifested considerable hepatoprotective activity of B. malabarica stem bark, and thus validated the folkloric claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thenmozhi
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Anusuya
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Jamuna
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Karthika
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Venkatachalapathi
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - F M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Paulsamy
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
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Patel K, Patel DK. Medicinal importance, pharmacological activities, and analytical aspects of hispidulin: A concise report. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:360-366. [PMID: 28725632 PMCID: PMC5506639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines have been played an important role in the human civilization since very ancient time as a food, cloth, medicine and other aspects. Some of the important drugs in the modern medicine were derived from the natural sources such as aspirin, digitalis, quinine, vincristine, vinblastine etc. Hispidulin (4', 5, 7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) is a flavones derivative found in plant such as Grindelia argentina, Arrabidaea chica, Saussurea involucrate, Crossostephium chinense, Artemisia and Salvia species. Hispidulin have antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antineoplastic properties. So far, various analytical methods have been investigated and developed for detection of hispidulin in the plant materials. Productions of hispidulin through different tissue culture techniques have been also investigated. Present review summarized medicinal uses, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of hispidulin. From the above mentioned aspects, we can conclude that, this review will be helpful to the researcher in the field of natural product for the development of novel molecule for the treatment of different disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- Jubilant Life Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
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cDNA Isolation and Functional Characterization of UDP-d-glucuronic Acid 4-Epimerase Family from Ornithogalum caudatum. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111505. [PMID: 27834878 PMCID: PMC6273887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Galacturonic acid (GalA) is an important component of GalA-containing polysaccharides in Ornithogalum caudatum. The incorporation of GalA into these polysaccharides from UDP-d-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA) was reasonably known. However, the cDNAs involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-GalA were still unknown. In the present investigation, one candidate UDP-d-glucuronic acid 4-epimerase (UGlcAE) family with three members was isolated from O. caudatum based on RNA-Seq data. Bioinformatics analyses indicated all of the three isoforms, designated as OcUGlcAE1~3, were members of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) and shared two conserved motifs. The three full-length cDNAs were then transformed to Pichia pastoris GS115 for heterologous expression. Data revealed both the supernatant and microsomal fractions from the recombinant P. pastoris expressing OcUGlcAE3 can interconvert UDP-GalA and UDP-d-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA), while the other two OcUGlcAEs had no activity on UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA. Furthermore, expression analyses of the three epimerases in varied tissues of O. caudatum were performed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results indicated OcUGlcAE3, together with the other two OcUGlcAE-like genes, was root-specific, displaying highest expression in roots. OcUGlcAE3 was UDP-d-glucuronic acid 4-epimerase and thus deemed to be involved in the biosynthesis of root polysaccharides. Moreover, OcUGlcAE3 was proposed to be environmentally induced.
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Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside from Afgekia mahidoliae promotes keratinocyte migration through FAK and Rac1 activation. J Nat Med 2015; 69:340-8. [PMID: 25783411 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The restoration of the epidermal epithelium through re-epithelialization is a critical process in wound healing. Directed keratinocyte migration to the wound is required, and the retardation of this process may result in a chronic, non-healing wound. The present study contributes to research aiming to identify promising compounds that promote wound healing using a human keratinocyte model. The effects of three kaempferol glycosides from an Afgekia mahidoliae leaf extract, kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, on keratinocyte migration were determined. Interestingly, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside exhibited a pronounced effect on wound closure in comparison to the parental kaempferol and other glycosides. The mechanism by which kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside enhances cell migration involves the induction of filopodia and lamellipodia formation, increased cellular levels of phosphorylated FAK (Tyr 397) and phosphorylated Akt (Ser 473), and up-regulation of active Rac1-GTP. The data obtained in this study may support the development of this compound for use in wound healing therapies.
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