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Tiruye T, Roder D, FitzGerald LM, O'Callaghan M, Moretti K, Caughey GE, Beckmann K. Impact of comorbidities on prostate cancer-specific mortality: A population-based cohort study. Prostate 2024. [PMID: 38798040 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of comorbidities on prostate cancer mortality. METHODS We studied 15,695 South Australian men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2003 and 2019 from state-wide administrative linked data sets. Comorbidity was measured 1-year before prostate cancer diagnosis using Rx-Risk, a medication-based comorbidity index. Flexible parametric competing risk regression was used to estimate the independent association between comorbidities and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Specific common comorbidities within Rx-Risk (cardiac disorders, diabetes, chronic airway diseases, depression and anxiety, thrombosis, and pain) were also assessed to determine their association with mortality. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, tumor characteristics, and treatment type. RESULTS Prostate cancer-specific mortality was higher for patients with a Rx-Risk score ≥3 versus 0 (adjusted sub-hazard ratio (sHR) 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15-1.56). Lower comorbidity scores (Rx-Risk score 2 vs. 0 and Rx-Risk score 1 vs. 0) were not significantly associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality. Men who were using medications for cardiac disorders (sHR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13-1.52), chronic airway disease (sHR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.44), depression and anxiety (sHR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.35), and thrombosis (sHR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04-1.42) were at increased risk of dying from prostate cancer compared with men not on those medications. Use of medications for diabetes and chronic pain were not associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality. All Rx-Risk score categories and the specific comorbidities were also associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION The findings showed that ≥3 comorbid conditions and specific comorbidities including cardiac disease, chronic airway disease, depression and anxiety, and thrombosis were associated with poor prostate cancer-specific survival. Appropriate management of these comorbidities may help to improve survival in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenaw Tiruye
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health Research Group, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - David Roder
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health Research Group, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Liesel M FitzGerald
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Michael O'Callaghan
- South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Kim Moretti
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health Research Group, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gillian E Caughey
- Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kerri Beckmann
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health Research Group, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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2
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Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Ashour NA, Jabir MS, Negm WA, Batiha GES. Metformin role in Parkinson's disease: a double-sword effect. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:975-991. [PMID: 37266747 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease developed due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. There is no single effective treatment in the management of PD. Therefore, repurposing effective and approved drugs like metformin could be an effective strategy for managing PD. However, the mechanistic role of metformin in PD neuropathology was not fully elucidated. Metformin is an insulin-sensitizing agent used as a first-line therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has the ability to reduce insulin resistance (IR). Metformin may have a beneficial effect on PD neuropathology. The neuroprotective effect of metformin is mainly mediated by activating adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK), which reduces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein aggregation. As well, metformin mitigates brain IR a hallmark of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, metformin may harm PD neuropathology by inducing hyperhomocysteinemia and deficiency of folate and B12. Therefore, this review aimed to find the potential role of metformin regarding its protective and detrimental effects on the pathogenesis of PD. The mechanistic role of metformin in PD neuropathology was not fully elucidated. Most studies regarding metformin and its effectiveness in PD neuropathology were observed in preclinical studies, which are not fully translated into clinical settings. In addition, metformin effect on PD neuropathology was previously clarified in T2DM, potentially linked to an increasing PD risk. These limitations hinder the conclusion concerning the therapeutic efficacy of metformin and its beneficial and detrimental role in PD. Therefore, as metformin does not cause hypoglycemia and is a safe drug, it should be evaluated in non-diabetic patients concerning PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nada A Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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3
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Kumari S, Bubak MT, Schoenberg HM, Davidyan A, Elliehausen CJ, Kuhn KG, VanWagoner TM, Karaman R, Scofield RH, Miller BF, Konopka AR. Antecedent Metabolic Health and Metformin (ANTHEM) Aging Study: Rationale and Study Design for a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:2373-2377. [PMID: 34865016 PMCID: PMC9799202 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic medication metformin has been proposed to be the first drug tested to target aging and extend healthspan in humans. While there is extensive epidemiological support for the health benefits of metformin in patient populations, it is not clear if these protective effects apply to those free of age-related disease. Our previous data in older adults without diabetes suggest a dichotomous change in insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations after metformin treatment when co-prescribed with exercise. Those who entered the study as insulin-sensitive had no change to detrimental effects while those who were insulin-resistant had positive changes. The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if (a) antecedent metabolic health and (b) skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling and function mediate the positive or detrimental effects of metformin monotherapy, independent of exercise, on the metabolism and biology of aging. In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, adults free of chronic disease (n = 148, 40-75 years old) are stratified as either insulin-sensitive or resistant based on homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (≤2.2 or ≥2.5) and take 1 500 mg/day of metformin or placebo for 12 weeks. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and skeletal muscle biopsies are performed before and after 12 weeks to assess primary outcomes of peripheral insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial remodeling and function. Findings from this trial will identify clinical characteristics and cellular mechanisms involved in modulating the effectiveness of metformin treatment to target aging that could inform larger Phase 3 clinical trials aimed at testing aging as a treatment indication for metformin. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT04264897.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Bubak
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hayden M Schoenberg
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arik Davidyan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christian J Elliehausen
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katrin G Kuhn
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Timothy M VanWagoner
- Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rowan Karaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Division of Endocrinology, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert Hal Scofield
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Adam R Konopka
- Address correspondence to: Adam R. Konopka, PhD, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA. E-mail:
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4
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Miller BF, Thyfault JP. Exercise-Pharmacology Interactions: Metformin, Statins, and Healthspan. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:338-347. [PMID: 32783612 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increased focus on treatments to extend the healthspan. There is solid evidence that exercise extends the healthspan, but other treatments, such as metformin and statins, are also gaining traction. If metformin and statins will be used to prolong healthspan, we must understand their effects in those free of disease and in combination with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri.,Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
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5
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Stavropoulos A, Varras M, Philippou A, Vasilakaki T, Varra VK, Varra FN, Tsavari A, Lazaris AC, Koutsilieris M. Immunohistochemical expression of insulin-like growth factor-1Ec in primary endometrial carcinoma: Association with PTEN, p53 and survivin expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:395. [PMID: 33193855 PMCID: PMC7656117 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance and elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 are suggestive of a significantly higher risk of endometrial carcinoma. There is a wealth of evidence showing differential expression of IGF-1 isoforms in various types of cancer. In the present study, 99 archived endometrial carcinoma tissue sections were retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry for IGF-1Ec isoform expression. Expression of IGF-1Ec was also assessed in nine cases of non-neoplastic endometrial tissue adjacent to the tumor, in 30 cases with normal endometrium and in 30 cases with endometrial hyperplasia. Furthermore, the association between IGF-1Ec and the concurrent expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), p53 or survivin was assessed, as well as their combined expression in association with clinicopathological variables. In endometrial carcinoma, IGF-1Ec expression was high in non-endometrioid carcinoma (serous papillary or clear cell carcinoma) compared with that in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. IGF-1Ec expression was also high in the presence of tumoral necrosis. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the histological differentiation and the sum of staining intensity and the number of IGF-1Ec immunopositive cells in endometrial carcinoma. There was a moderate negative correlation between co-expression of IGF-1Ec and PTEN, for both the number of immunopositive cells (P=0.006, ρ=−0.343) and the sum of staining (scores and intensity; P=0.006, ρ=−0.343). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the sum of staining (scores and intensity) and co-expression of IGF-1Ec and survivin (P=0.043, ρ=0.225). However, there was no association between concomitant expression of IGF-1Ec and p53. These results emphasized the importance of IGF-1Ec expression during development of non-estrogen dependent endometrial adenocarcinoma. IGF-1Ec and PTEN may function opposingly during endometrial carcinogenesis. By contrast, IGF-1Ec and survivin may share common molecular pathways and may promote, in parallel, tumoral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelis Stavropoulos
- Fourth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fifth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Thivi Vasilakaki
- Pathology Department, 'Tzaneio' General Hospital, Piraeus 18536, Greece
| | | | - Fani-Niki Varra
- Pharmacy Department, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | | | - Andreas C Lazaris
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
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6
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Soo SK, Rudich PD, Traa A, Harris-Gauthier N, Shields HJ, Van Raamsdonk JM. Compounds that extend longevity are protective in neurodegenerative diseases and provide a novel treatment strategy for these devastating disorders. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111297. [PMID: 32610099 PMCID: PMC7484136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative disease, the role of aging in these diseases is poorly understood. In the inherited forms of these diseases, the disease-causing mutation is present from birth but symptoms appear decades later. This indicates that these mutations are well tolerated in younger individuals but not in older adults. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that changes taking place during normal aging make the cells in the brain (and elsewhere) susceptible to the disease-causing mutations. If so, then delaying some of these age-related changes may be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we examine the effects of five compounds that have been shown to extend longevity (metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, curcumin) in four of the most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). While not all investigations observe a beneficial effect of these compounds, there are multiple studies that show a protective effect of each of these lifespan-extending compounds in animal models of neurodegenerative disease. Combined with genetic studies, this suggests the possibility that targeting the aging process may be an effective strategy to treat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja K Soo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Paige D Rudich
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Namasthée Harris-Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hazel J Shields
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Associations between metabolic syndrome and gynecologic cancer. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2020; 63:215-224. [PMID: 32489965 PMCID: PMC7231948 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2020.63.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors that causes cardiovascular and diabetic morbidity and mortality, which is diagnosed by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. Increasing epidemiological data and experimental results indicate that the presence of MetS increases the incidence of common malignancies and related mortality. Epidemiological studies have previously reported an association of endometrial cancer occurrence with MetS. Aromatization of androstenedione to estrogen, insulin resistance, and diabetes can cause increased levels of free estrogen, and the detrimental effect of elevated estrogen as a carcinogen is well studied in endometrial cancer. Medications used to manage MetS such as metformin and statins are suggested to reduce endometrial cancer risk and improve survival. Some large population-based epidemiological studies have suggested that the MetS is related to an increased risk of cervical carcinoma. MetS may contribute to viral-host interactions, which lead to persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, although limited epidemiological data are available. Specific effects of obesity and diabetes on the occurrence of ovarian cancer have been suggested. However, the direct correlation between MetS and ovarian cancer is still lacking. Previous retrospective studies reported that the use of metformin, statins, and beta-blockers could be associated with cancer prevention or better prognosis. Proper diagnosis and management of the MetS should be a part of the strategies undertaken to prevent and treat gynecologic cancer. So far, only limited data is available on this subject, and further clinical and fundamental research is required to further clarify the effect of these therapies on gynecologic cancer treatment.
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Son DH, Park WJ, Lee YJ. Recent Advances in Anti-Aging Medicine. Korean J Fam Med 2019; 40:289-296. [PMID: 31558007 PMCID: PMC6768834 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapidly aging population in Korea has led to increased attention in the field of anti-aging medicine. The purpose of anti-aging medicine is to slow, stop, or reverse the aging process and its associated effects, such as disability and frailty. Anti-aging medicine is emerging as a growing industry, but many supplements or protocols are available that do not have scientific evidence to support their claims. In this review, the mechanisms of action and the clinical implications of anti-aging interventions were examined and explained. Calorie restriction mimetics define compounds that imitate the outcome of calorie restriction, including an activator of AMP protein kinase (metformin), inhibitor of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis (pegvisomant), inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (rapamycin), and activator of the sirtuin pathway (resveratrol). Hormonal replacement has also been widely used in the elderly population to improve their quality of life. Manipulating healthy gut microbiota through prebiotic/probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation has significant potential in anti-aging medicine. Vitamin D is expected to be a primary anti-aging medicine in the near future due to its numerous positive effects in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lu Y, Deng Y, Liu W, Jiang M, Bai G. Searching for calcium antagonists for hypertension disease therapy from Moutan Cortex, using bioactivity integrated UHPLC-QTOF-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:456-463. [PMID: 30859657 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are currently the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Moutan Cortex (MC), a traditional Chinese herb, has been found to have an anti-hypertensive effect. However, its potential mechanisms in the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this work was to identify the potential calcium antagonists from MC and study their molecular mechanisms. METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-fight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis combined with a dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilised to systematically screen the calcium antagonistic active ingredients in the methanol extract of MC. Additionally, the molecular mechanism of these compounds was further studied using live-cell imaging analysis with the calcium ion (Ca2+ ) probe dye fluo-4/AM to monitor changes in [Ca2+ ]i . RESULTS Three monoterpenoids (paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and mudanpioside C), one phenolic acid (paeonol) and one gallotannin (1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose) were screened out as potential calcium antagonists in MC. Among them, the calcium antagonistic activity of benzoylpaeoniflorin, mudanpioside C and 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose is first reported. Additionally, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, mudanpioside C and paeonol can effectively block voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) to exert calcium antagonism, while 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose plays a role in blocking inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). CONCLUSION This work indicated that the anti-hypertensive efficacy of MC acted through multiple components selectively antagonising multiple cell signalling pathways to regulate [Ca2+ ]i . Furthermore, they could be considered as a reference standard for controlling the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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10
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Taming expectations of metformin as a treatment to extend healthspan. GeroScience 2019; 41:101-108. [PMID: 30746605 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-hyperglycemic medication metformin has potential to be the first drug tested to slow aging in humans. While the Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) proposal and other small-scale clinical trials have the potential to support aging as a treatment indication, we propose that the goals of the TAME trial might not be entirely consistent with the Geroscience goal of extending healthspan. There is expanding epidemiological support for the health benefits of metformin in individuals already diagnosed with overt chronic disease. However, it remains to be understood if these protective effects extend to those free of chronic disease. Within this editorial, we seek to highlight critical gaps in knowledge that should be considered when testing metformin as a treatment to target aging.
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11
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Konopka AR, Laurin JL, Schoenberg HM, Reid JJ, Castor WM, Wolff CA, Musci RV, Safairad OD, Linden MA, Biela LM, Bailey SM, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Metformin inhibits mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic exercise training in older adults. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12880. [PMID: 30548390 PMCID: PMC6351883 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin and exercise independently improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the risk of diabetes. Metformin was also recently proposed as a potential therapy to slow aging. However, recent evidence indicates that adding metformin to exercise antagonizes the exercise‐induced improvement in insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that metformin diminishes the improvement in insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness after aerobic exercise training (AET) by inhibiting skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and protein synthesis in older adults (62 ± 1 years). In a double‐blinded fashion, participants were randomized to placebo (n = 26) or metformin (n = 27) treatment during 12 weeks of AET. Independent of treatment, AET decreased fat mass, HbA1c, fasting plasma insulin, 24‐hr ambulant mean glucose, and glycemic variability. However, metformin attenuated the increase in whole‐body insulin sensitivity and VO2max after AET. In the metformin group, there was no overall change in whole‐body insulin sensitivity after AET due to positive and negative responders. Metformin also abrogated the exercise‐mediated increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. The change in whole‐body insulin sensitivity was correlated to the change in mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondrial protein synthesis rates assessed during AET were not different between treatments. The influence of metformin on AET‐induced improvements in physiological function was highly variable and associated with the effect of metformin on the mitochondria. These data suggest that prior to prescribing metformin to slow aging, additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms that elicit positive and negative responses to metformin with and without exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Konopka
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Jaime L. Laurin
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Hayden M. Schoenberg
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Justin J. Reid
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - William M. Castor
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Robert V. Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Oscar D. Safairad
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
| | - Melissa A. Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Laurie M. Biela
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Susan M. Bailey
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma
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12
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Wang YW, He SJ, Feng X, Cheng J, Luo YT, Tian L, Huang Q. Metformin: a review of its potential indications. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2421-2429. [PMID: 28860713 PMCID: PMC5574599 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s141675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, in addition to glucose lowering, several studies have presented evidence suggesting some potential role for metformin, such as antitumor effect, antiaging effect, cardiovascular protective effect, neuroprotective effect or an optional treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome. This paper will critically review the role of metformin to provide reference for doctors and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Jia He
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Feng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cheng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Tao Luo
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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13
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Verdoodt F, Kjaer S, Friis S. Influence of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID use on ovarian and endometrial cancer: Summary of epidemiologic evidence of cancer risk and prognosis. Maturitas 2017; 100:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Micó V, Berninches L, Tapia J, Daimiel L. NutrimiRAging: Micromanaging Nutrient Sensing Pathways through Nutrition to Promote Healthy Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E915. [PMID: 28445443 PMCID: PMC5454828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current sociodemographic predictions point to a demographic shift in developed and developing countries that will result in an unprecedented increase of the elderly population. This will be accompanied by an increase in age-related conditions that will strongly impair human health and quality of life. For this reason, aging is a major concern worldwide. Healthy aging depends on a combination of individual genetic factors and external environmental factors. Diet has been proved to be a powerful tool to modulate aging and caloric restriction has emerged as a valuable intervention in this regard. However, many questions about how a controlled caloric restriction intervention affects aging-related processes are still unanswered. Nutrient sensing pathways become deregulated with age and lose effectiveness with age. These pathways are a link between diet and aging. Thus, fully understanding this link is a mandatory step before bringing caloric restriction into practice. MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of cellular functions and can be modified by diet. Some microRNAs target genes encoding proteins and enzymes belonging to the nutrient sensing pathways and, therefore, may play key roles in the modulation of the aging process. In this review, we aimed to show the relationship between diet, nutrient sensing pathways and microRNAs in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Micó
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Berninches
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Tapia
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Bar D, Lavie O, Stein N, Feferkorn I, Shai A. The effect of metabolic comorbidities and commonly used drugs on the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 207:227-231. [PMID: 27890326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of recurrence in patients with ovarian cancer. Retrospective studies suggested that the use of statins, metformin and beta blockers is associated with improved prognosis in these patients. Patients with diabetes often suffer from hypertension and are usually treated concomitantly by several classes of drugs. Our aim was to assess the independent contribution of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and of the use of aspirin, statins, metformin and beta blockers on the risk of ovarian cancer recurrence and mortality. METHODS Files of ovarian cancer patients treated between 2000 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding disease characteristics, presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, recurrence and death were extracted. The use of drugs was assessed using the Clalit Health Services (CHS) pharmacy records. RESULTS 143 patients treated by debulking surgery and platinum based chemotherapy were included. Median age was 62.5, 22 (15.4%) had diabetes mellitus, 61 (42.7%) had chronic hypertension. Statins were used by 43 (30%) patients, 31 (21.7%) used aspirin, 25 (17.5%) used beta blockers and 12 (8.4%) used metformin. In multivariate analysis diabetes mellitus was associated with a shorter recurrence free survival (RFS) and the use of aspirin and metformin was associated with a prolonged RFS in this cohort. Overall survival (OS) was longer in patients using aspirin and shorter in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that metabolic comorbidities and commonly used drugs are associated with the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Additional trials are needed to confirm these observations and test therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bar
- Gynecology-Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Lady Davis Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Lavie
- Gynecology-Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Lady Davis Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nili Stein
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Lady Davis Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Feferkorn
- Gynecology-Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Lady Davis Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet Shai
- Department of Oncology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariyya, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Bar Illan University, Zafed, Israel.
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Raffaghello L, Longo V. Metabolic Alterations at the Crossroad of Aging and Oncogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:1-42. [PMID: 28526131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents the major risk factor for cancer. Cancer and aging are characterized by a similar dysregulated metabolism consisting in upregulation of glycolysis and downmodulation of oxidative phosphorylation. In this respect, metabolic interventions can be viewed as promising strategies to promote longevity and to prevent or delay age-related disorders including cancer. In this review, we discuss the most promising metabolic approaches including chronic calorie restriction, periodic fasting/fasting-mimicking diets, and pharmacological interventions mimicking calorie restriction. Metabolic interventions can also be viewed as adjuvant anticancer strategies to be combined to standard cancer therapy (chemotherapeutic agents, ionizing radiation, and drugs with specific molecular target), whose major limiting factors are represented by toxicity against healthy cells but also limited efficacy easily circumvented by tumor cells. In fact, conventional cancer therapy is unable to distinguish normal and cancerous cells and thus causes toxic side effects including secondary malignancies, cardiovascular and respiratory complications, endocrinopathies, and other chronic conditions, that resemble and, in some cases, accelerate the age-related disorders and profoundly affect the quality of life. In this scenario, geroscience contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of protection of normal cells against a cytotoxic agent and finding strategies focused on the preserving healthy cells while enhancing the efficacy of the treatment against malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Raffaghello
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - V Longo
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
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17
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Frouws MA, van Herk-Sukel MPP, Maas HA, Van de Velde CJH, Portielje JEA, Liefers GJ, Bastiaannet E. The mortality reducing effect of aspirin in colorectal cancer patients: Interpreting the evidence. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 55:120-127. [PMID: 28359968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1971 the first study appeared that suggested a relationship between aspirin and cancer. Currently publications on the subject of aspirin and cancer are numerous, with both a beneficial effect of aspirin on cancer incidence and a beneficial effect on cancer survival. This review focusses on the relation between the use of aspirin and improved survival in colorectal cancer patients. Various study designs have been used, with the main part being observational studies and post hoc meta-analyses of cancer outcomes in cardiovascular prevention trials. The results of these studies are unambiguously pointing towards an effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer survival, and several randomised controlled trials are currently ongoing. Some clinicians feel that the current evidence is conclusive and that the time has come for aspirin to be prescribed as adjuvant therapy. However, until this review, not much attention has been paid to the specific types of bias associated with these studies. One of these biases is confounding by indication, because aspirin is indicated for patients as secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease. This review aims to provide perspective on these biases and provide tools for the interpretation of the current evidence. Albeit promising, the current evidence is not sufficient to already prescribe aspirin as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine A Frouws
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
| | - Myrthe P P van Herk-Sukel
- PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, Van Deventerlaan 30/40, 3528 AE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huub A Maas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J H Van de Velde
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E A Portielje
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haga Hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit-Jan Liefers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Bastiaannet
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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Wen X, Lu F, Liu S. Prognostic value of p53 mutation for poor outcome of Asian primary liver cancer patients: evidence from a cohort study and meta-analysis of 988 patients. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7425-7433. [PMID: 27994473 PMCID: PMC5153317 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have investigated the association between gene p53 (p53) mutation and the poor outcome of primary liver cancer (PLC) patients; however, the results remain inconsistent. In the present study, p53 mutation in 60 paired tumor and corresponding nontumor tissues derived from a cohort of 60 PLC patients was systematically analyzed. The results showed that p53 mutation was only an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS), not for recurrence-free survival (RFS), and a meta-analysis was performed to verify this. Online databases were searched up to July 1, 2016. Studies about the association between p53 mutation and the postsurgery survival of PLC patients were collected. A total of 988 patients from eight studies were analyzed; among them, 341 (34.51%) patients had p53 mutation. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 2.03 (1.64, 2.41) and 2.36 (1.31, 3.42) for OS and RFS, respectively. In conclusion, both the cohort study and meta-analysis suggested that the p53 mutation was associated with postsurgery OS in Asian PLC patients. However, the relationship between p53 mutation and recurrence should be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou; Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Shuang Liu
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Synergistic effect of phenformin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ionizing radiation treatment. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:513-8. [PMID: 25312480 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biguanides, used for anti-diabetic drugs, bring more attention in cancer research for their beneficial effects. Phenformin is more potent than metformin. However its potential application as a anti-cancer regent is far behind metformin. In order to investigate any beneficial effect of combination of Phenformin and radiotherapy, non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 were exposure under different dose of ionizing radiation with or without Phenformin. Results indicated Phenformin showed synergistic effect and could induce more cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor growth compared with ionizing radiation alone. Furthermore, this synergistic effect may be through different pathway according to cancer cell genotype background. Our results showed Phenformin induced AMPK activation in A549 but not H1299. However, Phenformin activated eIF2α in both cell lines. Our findings implicated Phenformin may be used as radiosensitizer for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.
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20
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Monzavi-Karbassi B, Gentry R, Kaur V, Siegel ER, Jousheghany F, Medarametla S, Fuhrman BJ, Safar AM, Hutchins LF, Kieber-Emmons T. Pre-diagnosis blood glucose and prognosis in women with breast cancer. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:7. [PMID: 27054036 PMCID: PMC4822279 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of moderately elevated blood glucose levels among non-diabetic subjects on cancer prognosis is not well described. The goal of this study was to examine the association of elevated random blood glucose (RBG) levels in non-diabetic breast cancer patients with overall survival (OS) and time to tumor recurrence (TTR). Results Forty-nine deaths and 32 recurrences occurred among 148 eligible study subjects during 855.44 person-years of follow-up, with median follow-up of 5.97 years. We observed that patients with elevated RBG levels experienced significantly shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.01; 95 % confidence interval [CI] (1.70–5.33); P < 0.001) and shorter TTR (HR, 2.08; CI (1.04–4.16); P = 0.04) as compared to patients with non-elevated RBG levels. After controlling for tumor grade, tumor stage, race, and BMI, elevated RBG continued to display high and statistically significant association with shorter OS (HR, 3.50; CI (1.87–6.54); P < 0.001). Adjustment for age, race, and BMI strengthened HR of RBG for TTR. The association of RGB with TTR lost its borderline statistical significance upon controlling for both tumor grade and stage. Conclusions The data suggest that elevated blood glucose is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Given the potential clinical implication, these findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., Slot #824, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Rhonda Gentry
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA ; Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Fariba Jousheghany
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Srikanth Medarametla
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Barbara J Fuhrman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - A Mazin Safar
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Laura F Hutchins
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., Slot #824, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of degenerative changes, culminating in impaired function and increased probability of death. It is the major risk factor for many human pathologies - including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases - and consequently exerts an enormous social and economic toll. The major goal of aging research is to develop interventions that can delay the onset of multiple age-related diseases and prolong healthy lifespan (healthspan). The observation that enhanced longevity and health can be achieved in model organisms by dietary restriction or simple genetic manipulations has prompted the hunt for chemical compounds that can increase lifespan. Most of the pathways that modulate the rate of aging in mammals have homologs in yeast, flies, and worms, suggesting that initial screening to identify such pharmacological interventions may be possible using invertebrate models. In recent years, several compounds have been identified that can extend lifespan in invertebrates, and even in rodents. Here, we summarize the strategies employed, and the progress made, in identifying compounds capable of extending lifespan in organisms ranging from invertebrates to mice and discuss the formidable challenges in translating this work to human therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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22
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Santorelli ML, Steinberg MB, Hirshfield KM, Rhoads GG, Bandera EV, Lin Y, Demissie K. Effects of breast cancer on chronic disease medication adherence among older women. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25:898-907. [PMID: 26875432 DOI: 10.1002/pds.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of breast cancer on chronic disease medication adherence among older women. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare-linked data and a 5% random sample of Medicare enrollees were used. Stage I-III breast cancer patients diagnosed in 2008 and women without cancer were eligible. Three cohorts of medication users 66+ years were identified using diagnosis codes and prescription fill records: diabetes, hypertension, and lipid disorders. For each cohort, breast cancer patients were frequency matched to comparison women by age and geographic area. Medication adherence was measured by the proportion of days covered and medication persistence. RESULTS During the post-baseline period, the percentage of breast cancer patients who were non-adherent was 26.2% for diabetes medication, 28.9% for lipid-lowering medication, and 14.2% for hypertension medication. Breast cancer patients experienced an increased odds of diabetes medication non-adherence [odds ratio (OR) = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07 to 1.95] and were more likely to be non-persistent with diabetes medication (hazard ratio = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.66) relative to women without cancer. The study failed to show a difference between breast cancer and comparison women in the odds of non-adherence to hypertensive (OR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.71 to 1.05) or lipid-lowering medication (OR = 0. 91; 95%CI: 0.73 to 1.13) with a proportion of days covered threshold of 80%. CONCLUSION Special attention should be given to the coordination of primary care for older breast cancer patients with diabetes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Santorelli
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Kim M Hirshfield
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - George G Rhoads
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kitaw Demissie
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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23
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Longo VD, Antebi A, Bartke A, Barzilai N, Brown‐Borg HM, Caruso C, Curiel TJ, Cabo R, Franceschi C, Gems D, Ingram DK, Johnson TE, Kennedy BK, Kenyon C, Klein S, Kopchick JJ, Lepperdinger G, Madeo F, Mirisola MG, Mitchell JR, Passarino G, Rudolph KL, Sedivy JM, Shadel GS, Sinclair DA, Spindler SR, Suh Y, Vijg J, Vinciguerra M, Fontana L. Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready? Aging Cell 2015; 14:497-510. [PMID: 25902704 PMCID: PMC4531065 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The workshop entitled ‘Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready?’ was held in Erice, Italy, on October 8–13, 2013, to bring together leading experts in the biology and genetics of aging and obtain a consensus related to the discovery and development of safe interventions to slow aging and increase healthy lifespan in humans. There was consensus that there is sufficient evidence that aging interventions will delay and prevent disease onset for many chronic conditions of adult and old age. Essential pathways have been identified, and behavioral, dietary, and pharmacologic approaches have emerged. Although many gene targets and drugs were discussed and there was not complete consensus about all interventions, the participants selected a subset of the most promising strategies that could be tested in humans for their effects on healthspan. These were: (i) dietary interventions mimicking chronic dietary restriction (periodic fasting mimicking diets, protein restriction, etc.); (ii) drugs that inhibit the growth hormone/IGF-I axis; (iii) drugs that inhibit the mTOR–S6K pathway; or (iv) drugs that activate AMPK or specific sirtuins. These choices were based in part on consistent evidence for the pro-longevity effects and ability of these interventions to prevent or delay multiple age-related diseases and improve healthspan in simple model organisms and rodents and their potential to be safe and effective in extending human healthspan. The authors of this manuscript were speakers and discussants invited to the workshop. The following summary highlights the major points addressed and the conclusions of the meeting.
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Braadland PR, Ramberg H, Grytli HH, Taskén KA. β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 4:375. [PMID: 25629002 PMCID: PMC4290544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced sympathetic signaling, often associated with obesity and chronic stress, is increasingly acknowledged as a contributor to cancer aggressiveness. In prostate cancer, intact sympathetic nerves are critical for tumor formation, and sympathectomy induces apoptosis and blocks tumor growth. Perineural invasion, involving enrichment of intra-prostatic nerves, is frequently observed in prostate cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), the most abundant receptor for sympathetic signals in prostate luminal cells, has been shown to regulate trans-differentiation of cancer cells to neuroendocrine-like cells and to affect apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, and metastasis. Epidemiologic studies have shown that use of β-blockers, inhibiting β-adrenergic receptor activity, is associated with reduced prostate cancer-specific mortality. In this review, we aim to present an overview on how β-adrenergic receptor and its downstream signaling cascade influence the development of aggressive prostate cancer, primarily through regulating neuroendocrine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Rustøen Braadland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Håkon Ramberg
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Helene Hartvedt Grytli
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kristin Austlid Taskén
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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