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Ferreira-da-Silva R, Alves JM, Vieira C, Silva AM, Marques J, Morato M, Polónia JJ, Ribeiro-Vaz I. Motivation and Knowledge of Portuguese Community Pharmacists Towards the Reporting of Suspected Adverse Reactions to Medicines: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Community Health 2022; 48:295-308. [PMID: 36401737 PMCID: PMC9676890 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The close contact between patients and community pharmacists, along with the extensive geographical distribution of pharmacies in Portugal, offer exceptional conditions to detect and report adverse drug reactions (ADR). This study aimed to evaluate the motivation and knowledge of spontaneous reporting of ADR by community pharmacists of Porto, Portugal. Secondly, we aimed to generate real-world evidence on the main factors determining ADR report and at raising potential alternatives to the current reporting procedure in community pharmacy. We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, anonymous web survey-based study. Between April and July 2021, a web survey was implemented, targeting community pharmacists in the Porto district, Portugal. We validated 217 surveys from pharmacists. Regular notifiers seem to be more familiarised than non-regular notifiers with the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System (PPS), with the Portal RAM for reporting suspected ADR, and with the update of the concept of ADR. Moreover, regular notifiers seem to be more proactive with their care in questioning patients about ADR and have more self-knowledge to identify suspected ADR. Conversely, non-regular notifiers, seem to be more reluctant to be judged by their ADR reporting activities. Respondents suggested to simplify and optimise the reporting process (31% of the suggestions), or to integrate a reporting platform into the pharmacy's software (27%). This study identified opportunities to promote the ADR reporting process by community pharmacists, namely receiving feedback from the PPS on the reported case and its regulatory implications, implementing training programs in pharmacovigilance, and creating solutions to simplify the reporting process.
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Li R, Curtis K, Zaidi ST, Van C, Castelino R. A new paradigm in adverse drug reaction reporting: consolidating the evidence for an intervention to improve reporting. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2022; 21:1193-1204. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.2118712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Li
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Parramatta Road, Camperdown NSW 2006
| | - Kate Curtis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Parramatta Road, Camperdown NSW 2006
| | | | - Connie Van
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Parramatta Road, Camperdown NSW 2006
| | - Ronald Castelino
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Parramatta Road, Camperdown NSW 2006
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Kiguba R, Mwebaza N, Ssenyonga R, Ndagije HB, Nambasa V, Katureebe C, Katumba K, Tregunno P, Harrison K, Karamagi C, Scott KA, Pirmohamed M. Effectiveness of the Med Safety mobile application in improving adverse drug reaction reporting by healthcare professionals in Uganda: a protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061725. [PMID: 35777873 PMCID: PMC9252195 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has massively reduced HIV mortality. However, long-term cART increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which can lead to higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs for people living with HIV (PLHIV).Pharmacovigilance-monitoring the effects of medicines-is essential for understanding real-world drug safety. In Uganda, pharmacovigilance systems have only recently been developed, and rates of ADR reporting for cART are very low. Thus, the safety profile of medicines currently used to treat HIV and tuberculosis in our population is poorly understood.The Med Safety mobile application has been developed through the European Union's Innovative Medicines Initiative WEB-Recognising Adverse Drug Reactions project to promote digital pharmacovigilance. This mobile application has been approved for ADR-reporting by Uganda's National Drug Authority. However, the barriers and facilitators to Med Safety uptake, and its effectiveness in improving pharmacovigilance, are as yet unknown. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial will be implemented over 30 months at 191 intervention and 191 comparison cART sites to evaluate Med Safety. Using a randomisation sequence generated by the sealed envelope software, we shall randomly assign the 382 prescreened cART sites to the intervention and comparison arms. Each cART site is a cluster that consists of healthcare professionals and PLHIV receiving dolutegravir-based cART and/or isoniazid preventive therapy. Healthcare professionals enrolled in the intervention arm will be trained in the use of mobile-based, paper-based and web-based reporting, while those in the comparison arm will be trained in paper-based and web-based reporting only. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was given by the School of Biomedical Sciences Research and Ethics Committee at Makerere University (SBS-REC-720), and administrative clearance was obtained from Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS1366ES). Study results will be shared with healthcare professionals, policymakers, the public and academia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PACTR202009822379650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Kiguba
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Norah Mwebaza
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Ssenyonga
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Victoria Nambasa
- National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Drug Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Phil Tregunno
- Vigilance and Risk Management of Medicines, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Kendal Harrison
- Vigilance and Risk Management of Medicines, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Charles Karamagi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kathryn A Scott
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Kiguba R, Ndagije HB, Nambasa V, Katureebe C, Zakumumpa H, Nanyonga SM, Ssanyu JN, Tregunno P, Harrison K, Merle CS, Raguenaud ME, Kitutu FE. Implementation of a peer support intervention to promote the detection, reporting and management of adverse drug reactions in people living with HIV in Uganda: a protocol for a quasi-experimental study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056039. [PMID: 35589351 PMCID: PMC9121495 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients have contributed <1% of spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in Uganda's pharmacovigilance database. Peer support combined with mobile technologies could empower people living with HIV (PLHIV) to report ADRs and improve ADR management through linkage to care. We seek to test the feasibility and effect of a peer support intervention on ADR reporting by PLHIV receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Uganda; identify barriers and facilitators to the intervention; and characterise ADR reporting and management. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a quasi-experimental study to be implemented over 4 months at 12 intervention and 12 comparison cART sites from four geographical regions of Uganda. Per region, two blocks each with a tertiary, secondary and primary care cART site will be selected by simple random sampling. Blocks per region will be randomly assigned to intervention and comparison arms.Study units will include cART sites and PLHIV receiving cART. PLHIV at intervention sites will be assigned to peer supporters to empower them to report ADRs directly to the National Pharmacovigilance Centre (NPC). Peer supporters will be expert clients from among PLHIV and/or recognised community health workers.Direct patient reporting of ADRs to NPC will leverage the Med Safety App and toll-free unstructured supplementary service data interface to augment traditional pharmacovigilance methods.The primary outcomes are attrition rate measured by number of study participants who remain in the study until the end of follow-up at 4 months; and number of ADR reports submitted to NPC by PLHIV as measured by questionnaire and data abstraction from the national pharmacovigilance database at baseline and 4 months. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study received ethical approval from: School of Health Sciences Research and Ethics Committee at Makerere University (MAKSHSREC-2020-64) and Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS1206ES). Results will be shared with PLHIV, policy-makers, the public and academia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN75989485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Kiguba
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Victoria Nambasa
- Directorate of Product Safety, National Drug Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Henry Zakumumpa
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stella Maris Nanyonga
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Phil Tregunno
- Vigilance and Risk Management of Medicines, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Kendal Harrison
- Vigilance and Risk Management of Medicines, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Corinne S Merle
- Special Programme for Research & Training In Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Eve Raguenaud
- Special Programme for Research & Training In Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Eric Kitutu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Motives to Report Adverse Drug Reactions to the National Agency: A Survey Study among Healthcare Professionals and Patients in Croatia, The Netherlands, and the UK. Drug Saf 2021; 44:1073-1083. [PMID: 34368940 PMCID: PMC8473351 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-021-01098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients have various motives to report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to their national agency. These motives may differ between countries. Objective The aim of this study was to assess to what extent motives of HCPs and patients to report ADRs differ between countries. Methods HCPs and patients from Croatia (HR), The Netherlands (NL), and the UK were asked to complete a web-based survey containing questions regarding demographics and ADR reporting. HCPs and patients could select all motives for reporting that applied to them, with a total of 23 and 24 motives, respectively. Descriptive statistics are presented and Chi-square tests were used to test for differences across the countries, with effect sizes calculated using Cramer’s V. Results In total, 296 HCPs and 423 patients were included (60% and 32% from Croatia, 19% and 44% from NL, and 21% and 24% from the UK, respectively). For most of the motives to report or not to report an ADR, there were no differences between countries. Most HCPs from all countries would be motivated to report an ADR if there was a strong suspicion of causality (89%), if it concerned a severe/serious ADR (86%), and if it concerned an ADR for a new, recently marketed drug (77%). Most patients from all countries agreed that they would report an ADR if it concerned a severe ADR (96%), if the ADR influenced their daily activities (91%), and if they were worried about their own situation (90%). Differences across the countries (p < 0.05 and V ≥ 0.21) were observed for three and four of the HCP and patient motives, respectively. For HCPs, these differences were seen in motives related to legal obligation (65% HR, 24% NL, 38% UK), black triangle medicines (27% HR, 4% NL, 77% UK), and the reporting of well-known ADRs (53% HR, 85% NL, 69% UK). For patients, these differences were seen in motives related to a linkage between the ADR report and the medical notes (59% HR, 60% NL, 30% UK), complexity and time taken to report (25% HR, 13% NL, 40% UK), medicines purchased on the internet (59% HR, 39% NL, 65% UK), and the reporting of embarrassing ADRs (32% HR, 11% NL, 35% UK). Conclusions HCPs’ and patients’ motives to report or not to report ADRs to the national agency were mostly similar across the three countries. Such motives can be used in general strategies to promote and increase ADR reporting. The observed differences provide guidance to further fine-tune ADR reporting at a national level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40264-021-01098-4.
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杨 羽, 王 胜, 詹 思. [Utilizing social media data in post-market safety surveillance]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53:623-627. [PMID: 34145872 PMCID: PMC8220064 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-marketing surveillance is the principal means to ensure drug use safety. The spontaneous report is the essential method of post-marketing surveillance for drug safety. Often, most spontaneous reports come from medical staff and sometimes come from patients who use the drug. The posts published by individuals on social media platforms that contain drugs and related adverse reaction content have gradually been seen as a new data source similar to spontaneous reports from drug users in recent years. Those user-generated posts potentially provide researchers and regulators with new opportunities to conduct post-marketing surveillance for drug safety from patients' perspectives mostly rather than medical professionals and can afford the possibility theoretically to discover drug-related safety issues earlier than traditional methods. Social media data as a new data source for safety signal detection and signal reinforcement have the unique advantages, such as population coverage, type of drugs, type of adverse reactions, data timeliness and quantity. Most of the social media data used in post-marketing surveillance research for drug safety are still text data in English, and even multiple languages are used by different people worldwide on several social media platforms. Unfortunately, there is still a controversy in the academic circles whether social media data can be used as reliable data sources for routine post-marketing surveillance for drug safety. A couple of obstacles of data, methods and ethics must be overcome before leveraging social media data for post-marketing surveillance. The number of Chinese social media users is large, and the social media data in the Chinese language is rapidly snowballing, which can be employed as the potential data source for post-marketing surveillance for drug safety. However, due to the Chinese language's specific characteristics, the text's diversity is different from the English text, and there is not enough accepted corpus in medical scenarios. Besides, the lack of domestic laws and regulations on privacy and security protection of social media data poses more challenges for applying Chinese social media data for post-market surveillance. The significance of social media data to post-marketing surveillance for drug safety is undoubtedly significant. It will be an essential development direction for future research to overcome the challenges of using social media data by developing new technologies and establishing new mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- 羽 杨
- 北京大学健康医疗大数据国家研究院, 北京 100191National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 胜锋 王
- 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病学与卫生统计学系, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, Chian
| | - 思延 詹
- 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病学与卫生统计学系, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, Chian
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Chen R, Zhang Y, Dou Z, Chen F, Xie K, Wang S. Data Sharing and Privacy in Pharmaceutical Studies. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:911-918. [PMID: 33438533 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827999210112204732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug events have been a long-standing concern for the wide-ranging harms to public health, and the substantial disease burden. The key to diminish or eliminate the impacts is to build a comprehensive pharmacovigilance system. Application of the "big data" approach has been proved to assist the detection of adverse drug events by involving previously unavailable data sources and promoting health information exchange. Even though challenges and potential risks still remain. The lack of effective privacy-preserving measures in the flow of medical data is the most important Accepted: one, where urgent actions are required to prevent the threats and facilitate the construction of pharmacovigilance systems. Several privacy protection methods are reviewed in this article, which may be helpful to break the barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufan Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hangzhou Nuowei Information Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuochao Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hangzhou Nuowei Information Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hangzhou Nuowei Information Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Xie
- Key Lab of Information Network Security of Ministry of Public Security, the Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hangzhou Nuowei Information Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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Moskova B, Gestakovska A, Sterjev Z, Grozdanova A, Suturkova L, Kapedanovska Nestorovska A, Naumovska Z. Legal framework for use of social media in pharmacovigilance. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2020. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2020.66.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Moskova
- Drug Safety Analyst IQVIA project member, “11 Oktomvri”, 7500 Prilep, N. Macedonia
| | - Ankica Gestakovska
- Quality Control Department, Replek Farm, “Kozle 188”, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Zoran Sterjev
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Grozdanova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Ljubica Suturkova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | | | - Zorica Naumovska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
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Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Using a Mobile Device Application by Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Drug Saf 2020; 44:223-233. [PMID: 33048319 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-020-01009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient reporting adds value to pharmacovigilance. Encouraging it to be done through a mobile device application (App) is a method that should be evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether the use of an App, compared to traditional use through e-mail, telephone, or the national website, increased suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting by persons with multiple sclerosis receiving a first-line disease-modifying drug. METHODS An open multi-centric, cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted (VigipSEP study). Clusters were centers allocated (1:1) to the use of the My eReport France® App (experimental arm), and traditional reporting (control arm). Persons with multiple sclerosis initiating or switching to a first-line disease-modifying drug between April 2017 and April 2019 were included. The primary outcome was the mean number of ADR reports per patient for the center-level analysis, and the number of ADR reports per patient for the individual-level analysis using the hierarchical Poisson regression model. RESULTS Twenty-four centers (12 per arm: six public neurologists from the multiple sclerosis academic expert centers, three public neurologists from general hospitals, and three private practice neurologists) were randomized, including 159 patients. The mean number of ADR reports per patient was significantly higher in centers that used the App: 0.47 vs 0.03 in control centers (p = 0.002). At an individual-level analysis, the experimental arm was significantly associated with a relative risk of ADR reports at 18.6 (95% confidence interval 4.1-84.2; p < 0.001), compared to the control arm, adjusted for sex and type of disease-modifying drug. CONCLUSIONS The use of a mobile App increased the ADR reporting by persons with multiple sclerosis receiving a first-line disease-modifying drug. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03029897, registered in 2017.
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Use of Social Media for Pharmacovigilance Activities: Key Findings and Recommendations from the Vigi4Med Project. Drug Saf 2020; 43:835-851. [PMID: 32557179 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-020-00951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The large-scale use of social media by the population has gained the attention of stakeholders and researchers in various fields. In the domain of pharmacovigilance, this new resource was initially considered as an opportunity to overcome underreporting and monitor the safety of drugs in real time in close connection with patients. Research is still required to overcome technical challenges related to data extraction, annotation, and filtering, and there is not yet a clear consensus concerning the systematic exploration and use of social media in pharmacovigilance. Although the literature has mainly considered signal detection, the potential value of social media to support other pharmacovigilance activities should also be explored. The objective of this paper is to present the main findings and subsequent recommendations from the French research project Vigi4Med, which evaluated the use of social media, mainly web forums, for pharmacovigilance activities. This project included an analysis of the existing literature, which contributed to the recommendations presented herein. The recommendations are categorized into three categories: ethical (related to privacy, confidentiality, and follow-up), qualitative (related to the quality of the information), and quantitative (related to statistical analysis). We argue that the progress in information technology and the societal need to consider patients' experiences should motivate future research on social media surveillance for the reinforcement of classical pharmacovigilance.
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van Stekelenborg J, Ellenius J, Maskell S, Bergvall T, Caster O, Dasgupta N, Dietrich J, Gama S, Lewis D, Newbould V, Brosch S, Pierce CE, Powell G, Ptaszyńska-Neophytou A, Wiśniewski AFZ, Tregunno P, Norén GN, Pirmohamed M. Recommendations for the Use of Social Media in Pharmacovigilance: Lessons from IMI WEB-RADR. Drug Saf 2020; 42:1393-1407. [PMID: 31446567 PMCID: PMC6858385 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-019-00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over a period of 3 years, the European Union's Innovative Medicines Initiative WEB-RADR project has explored the value of social media (i.e., information exchanged through the internet, typically via online social networks) for identifying adverse events as well as for safety signal detection. Many patients and clinicians have taken to social media to discuss their positive and negative experiences of medications, creating a source of publicly available information that has the potential to provide insights into medicinal product safety concerns. The WEB-RADR project has developed a collaborative English language workspace for visualising and analysing social media data for a number of medicinal products. Further, novel text and data mining methods for social media analysis have been developed and evaluated. From this original research, several recommendations are presented with supporting rationale and consideration of the limitations. Recommendations for further research that extend beyond the scope of the current project are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Maskell
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | | | - Ola Caster
- Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nabarun Dasgupta
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Sara Gama
- Chief Medical Office and Patient Safety, Novartis Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Lewis
- Chief Medical Office and Patient Safety, Novartis Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Dept of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Victoria Newbould
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Inspections and Human Medicines Pharmacovigilance Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Brosch
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Inspections and Human Medicines Pharmacovigilance Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carrie E Pierce
- Booz Allen Hamilton (formerly Epidemico, Inc.), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Powell
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance, RTP, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Alicia Ptaszyńska-Neophytou
- Vigilance, Intelligence and Research Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU, UK
| | - Antoni F Z Wiśniewski
- AstraZeneca, Patient Safety, Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Cambridge, UK, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Phil Tregunno
- Vigilance, Intelligence and Research Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU, UK
| | | | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
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Abstract
The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) WEB-RADR (Web-Recognising Adverse Drug Reactions) project looked at opportunities and challenges in using social media in pharmacovigilance as a rapidly evolving source of large, real-time data, which could provide new information on the actual use of medicines and potential safety issues. Two of the objectives were to develop principles for continuous monitoring of the safety of medicines without overburdening established pharmacovigilance systems and to propose a regulatory framework on the use of social media in pharmacovigilance. As a starting point, a review of existing legal requirements and regulatory guidance on social media use in pharmacovigilance was performed based on a survey conducted in 2014–2015. Furthermore, input from two large stakeholder workshops and evidence gathered from the research performed by WEB-RADR on the analysis of social media data were taken into consideration. Whilst analytical results of WEB-RADR indicated limited value of social media in detecting or confirming signals for a majority of the drugs studied, it is important to establish a regulatory framework for the use of social media in pharmacovigilance. Thus, the screening and reporting of suspected adverse reactions remains an important pillar in monitoring the safety and efficacy of medicines and the identification of new safety issues. Principles as to how social media can be used in pharmacovigilance are absolutely needed to provide clarity to patients, healthcare professionals, medicines regulators and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Pierce CE, de Vries ST, Bodin-Parssinen S, Härmark L, Tregunno P, Lewis DJ, Maskell S, Van Eemeren R, Ptaszynska-Neophytou A, Newbould V, Dasgupta N, Wisniewski AFZ, Gama S, Mol PGM. Recommendations on the Use of Mobile Applications for the Collection and Communication of Pharmaceutical Product Safety Information: Lessons from IMI WEB-RADR. Drug Saf 2020; 42:477-489. [PMID: 30911975 PMCID: PMC6450855 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-019-00813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over a period of 3 years, the European Union's Innovative Medicines Initiative WEB-RADR (Recognising Adverse Drug Reactions; https://web-radr.eu/ ) project explored the value of two digital tools for pharmacovigilance (PV): mobile applications (apps) for reporting the adverse effects of drugs and social media data for its contribution to safety signalling. The ultimate intent of WEB-RADR was to provide policy, technical and ethical recommendations on how to develop and implement such digital tools to enhance patient safety. Recommendations relating to the use of mobile apps for PV are summarised in this paper. There is a presumption amongst at least some patients and healthcare professionals that information ought to be accessed and reported from any setting, including mobile apps. WEB-RADR has focused on the use of such technology for reporting suspected adverse drug reactions and for broadcasting safety information to its users, i.e. two-way risk communication. Three apps were developed and publicly launched within Europe as part of the WEB-RADR project and subsequently assessed by a range of stakeholders to determine their value as effective tools for improving patient safety; a fourth generic app was later piloted in two African countries. The recommendations from the development and evaluation of the European apps are presented here with supporting considerations, rationales and caveats as well as suggested areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Pierce
- Booz Allen Hamilton (formerly Epidemico, Inc.), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sieta T de Vries
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Linda Härmark
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Tregunno
- Vigilance, Intelligence and Research Group, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 151 Buckingham Palace Road, Belgravia, London, SW1W 9SZ, UK
| | - David J Lewis
- Chief Medical Office and Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Simon Maskell
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | | | - Alicia Ptaszynska-Neophytou
- Vigilance, Intelligence and Research Group, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 151 Buckingham Palace Road, Belgravia, London, SW1W 9SZ, UK
| | - Victoria Newbould
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Inspections and Human Medicines Pharmacovigilance Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), London, E14 5EU, UK
| | - Nabarun Dasgupta
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Antoni F Z Wisniewski
- AstraZeneca, Global Regulatory Affairs, Patient Safety and Quality Assurance, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Sara Gama
- Chief Medical Office and Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter G M Mol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board (CBG-MEB), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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The use or generation of biomedical data and existing medicines to discover and establish new treatments for patients with rare diseases - recommendations of the IRDiRC Data Mining and Repurposing Task Force. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:225. [PMID: 31615551 PMCID: PMC6794821 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of available therapies for rare diseases remains low, as fewer than 6% of rare diseases have an approved treatment option. The International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) set up the multi-stakeholder Data Mining and Repurposing (DMR) Task Force to examine the potential of applying biomedical data mining strategies to identify new opportunities to use existing pharmaceutical compounds in new ways and to accelerate the pace of drug development for rare disease patients. In reviewing past successes of data mining for drug repurposing, and planning for future biomedical research capacity, the DMR Task Force identified four strategic infrastructure investment areas to focus on in order to accelerate rare disease research productivity and drug development: (1) improving the capture and sharing of self-reported patient data, (2) better integration of existing research data, (3) increasing experimental testing capacity, and (4) sharing of rare disease research and development expertise. Additionally, the DMR Task Force also recommended a number of strategies to increase data mining and repurposing opportunities for rare diseases research as well as the development of individualized and precision medicine strategies.
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Audeh B, Calvier FE, Bellet F, Beyens MN, Pariente A, Lillo-Le Louet A, Bousquet C. Pharmacology and social media: Potentials and biases of web forums for drug mention analysis-case study of France. Health Informatics J 2019; 26:1253-1272. [PMID: 31566468 DOI: 10.1177/1460458219865128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze drug mentions in web forums to evaluate the utility of this data source for drug post-marketing studies. We automatically annotated over 60 million posts extracted from 21 French web forums. Drug mentions detected in this corpus were matched to drug names in a French drug database (Theriaque®). Our analysis showed that a high proportion of the most frequent drug mentions in the selected web forums correspond to drugs that are usually prescribed to young women, such as combined oral contraceptives. The most mentioned drugs in our corpus correlated weakly to the most prescribed drugs in France but seemed to be influenced by events widely reported in traditional media. In this article, we conclude that web forums have high potential for post-marketing drug-related studies, such as pharmacovigilance, and observation of drug utilization. However, the bias related to forum selection and the corresponding population representativeness should always be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bissan Audeh
- Sorbonne Université and Université Paris 13, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cedric Bousquet
- Sorbonne Université and Université Paris 13, France; CHU University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
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16
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Oosterhuis I, Taavola H, Tregunno PM, Mas P, Gama S, Newbould V, Caster O, Härmark L. Characteristics, Quality and Contribution to Signal Detection of Spontaneous Reports of Adverse Drug Reactions Via the WEB-RADR Mobile Application: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Drug Saf 2019; 41:969-978. [PMID: 29761281 PMCID: PMC6153975 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions is key for efficient post-marketing safety surveillance. To increase usability and accessibility of reporting tools, the Web-Recognising Adverse Drug Reactions (WEB-RADR) consortium developed a smartphone application (app) based on a simplified reporting form. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics, quality and contribution to signals of reports submitted via the WEB-RADR app. Methods The app was launched in the UK, the Netherlands and Croatia between July 2015 and May 2016. Spontaneous reports submitted until September 2016 with a single reporter were included. For each country, app reports and reports received through conventional means in the same time period were compared to identify characteristic features. A random subset of reports was assessed for clinical quality and completeness. The contribution to signal detection was assessed by a descriptive analysis. Results Higher proportions of app reports were submitted by patients in the UK (28 vs. 18%) and Croatia (32 vs. 7%); both p < 0.01. In the Netherlands, the difference was small (60 vs. 57%; p = 0.5). The proportion of female patients and the median patient ages in app reports submitted by patients were similar to the reference. The proportion of reports of at least moderate quality was high in both samples (app: 78–85%, reference: 78–98%), for all countries. App reports contributed to detecting eight potential safety signals at the national level, four of which were eventually signalled. Conclusion The WEB-RADR app offers a new route of spontaneous reporting that shows promise in attracting reports from patients and that could become an important tool in the future. Patient demographics are similar to conventional routes, report quality is sufficient despite a simplified reporting form, and app reports show potential in contributing to signal detection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40264-018-0679-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Oosterhuis
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Henric Taavola
- Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Box 1051, 75140, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Philip M Tregunno
- Vigilance and Risk Management of Medicines Division, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Petar Mas
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sara Gama
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Newbould
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Inspections and Human Medicines Pharmacovigilance Division, European Medicines Agency, London, UK
| | - Ola Caster
- Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Box 1051, 75140, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Härmark
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Design and development of a mobile app of drug information for people with visual impairment. Res Social Adm Pharm 2019; 16:62-67. [PMID: 30853509 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with visual impairment presents difficulties to access the labels information of medicines. In this sense, technological tools can contribute to improve access to this information and the appropriate use of medicines in this population. However, currently, in Colombia, there are no tools to facilitate this process. OBJECTIVE To design and development of a mobile app of drug information for people with visual impairment, which allows them to access information for the appropriate use of medicines. METHODS A user-centered design process is carried out in four phases was used: a) Identification the needs and barriers for appropriate use of medicines; b) Lifting of requirements, c) Interface design and prototyping, and development of the mobile app, and d) Usability test. RESULTS The study involved 48 people with visual disability, of which 69% required assistance for the use of medicines. The main barriers identified were access to information and dosing. A total of ten user requirements were identified, based on these and international accessibility standards FarmaceuticApp was designed and developed, incorporating the problems that were identified in the usability test. CONCLUSION A mobile app of drug information for people with visual impairment using a user-centered design process was designed and developed, highlighting the importance of involving the users and other stakeholders in the design and development m-health technologies. FarmaceuticApp could contribute to the appropriate use of medicines and improve therapeutic adherence, as well as autonomy and independence in people with visual impairment.
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Harnessing social media data for pharmacovigilance: a review of current state of the art, challenges and future directions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA SCIENCE AND ANALYTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41060-019-00175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Comment on "Assessment of the Utility of Social Media for Broad-Ranging Statistical Signal Detection in Pharmacovigilance: Results from the WEB-RADR Project". Drug Saf 2018; 41:1371-1373. [PMID: 30341678 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Convertino I, Ferraro S, Blandizzi C, Tuccori M. The usefulness of listening social media for pharmacovigilance purposes: a systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:1081-1093. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1531847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Convertino
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Ferraro
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Tuccori
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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21
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de Vries ST, Denig P, Lasheras Ruiz C, Houÿez F, Wong L, Sutcliffe A, Mol PGM. Interest in a Mobile App for Two-Way Risk Communication: A Survey Study Among European Healthcare Professionals and Patients. Drug Saf 2018; 41:697-712. [PMID: 29500800 PMCID: PMC5990568 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously, an app has been developed for healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients to report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to national medicines agencies and to receive drug safety information. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess (1) European HCPs' and patients' interest in an app for this two-way risk communication; (2) their preferences and perceptions towards specific app characteristics; and (3) which HCPs and patients are particularly interested in the app. In addition, these aspects were studied specifically for the countries where such an app was already available, i.e. Croatia, The Netherlands, and The UK. METHODS European HCPs and patients were asked to complete a web-based survey developed in the context of the Web-Recognizing Adverse Drug Reactions (Web-RADR) project. Data on app interest and preferences and perceptions towards app characteristics were analysed descriptively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of HCP characteristics and patient characteristics on the level of interest in the app (i.e. very interested vs. not/somewhat interested). RESULTS In total, 399 HCPs and 656 patients completed the survey. About half of the patients (48%; ranging from 38% from The Netherlands to 54% from The UK), and 61% of the HCPs (ranging from 42% from The Netherlands to 54% from The UK) were very interested in the app. A faster means of reporting ADRs and easier access to the reporting form were the main perceived benefits. HCPs and patients who already use a health app were particularly interested in the app (HCPs: odds ratio [OR] 3.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96-6.30, patients: OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.19-2.27). CONCLUSIONS An app is positively perceived by HCPs and patients for reporting ADRs quickly and for receiving drug safety information from national medicines agencies. In particular, HCPs and patients who already use other health apps were interested in the app.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieta T de Vries
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Denig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - François Houÿez
- European Organisation for Rare Diseases (Eurordis), Paris, France
| | - Lisa Wong
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alastair Sutcliffe
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Peter G M Mol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Chen X, Faviez C, Schuck S, Lillo-Le-Louët A, Texier N, Dahamna B, Huot C, Foulquié P, Pereira S, Leroux V, Karapetiantz P, Guenegou-Arnoux A, Katsahian S, Bousquet C, Burgun A. Mining Patients' Narratives in Social Media for Pharmacovigilance: Adverse Effects and Misuse of Methylphenidate. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:541. [PMID: 29881351 PMCID: PMC5978246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have recognized social media as a new data source to strengthen their activities regarding drug safety. Objective: Our objective in the ADR-PRISM project was to provide text mining and visualization tools to explore a corpus of posts extracted from social media. We evaluated this approach on a corpus of 21 million posts from five patient forums, and conducted a qualitative analysis of the data available on methylphenidate in this corpus. Methods: We applied text mining methods based on named entity recognition and relation extraction in the corpus, followed by signal detection using proportional reporting ratio (PRR). We also used topic modeling based on the Correlated Topic Model to obtain the list of the matics in the corpus and classify the messages based on their topics. Results: We automatically identified 3443 posts about methylphenidate published between 2007 and 2016, among which 61 adverse drug reactions (ADR) were automatically detected. Two pharmacovigilance experts evaluated manually the quality of automatic identification, and a f-measure of 0.57 was reached. Patient's reports were mainly neuro-psychiatric effects. Applying PRR, 67% of the ADRs were signals, including most of the neuro-psychiatric symptoms but also palpitations. Topic modeling showed that the most represented topics were related to Childhood and Treatment initiation, but also Side effects. Cases of misuse were also identified in this corpus, including recreational use and abuse. Conclusion: Named entity recognition combined with signal detection and topic modeling have demonstrated their complementarity in mining social media data. An in-depth analysis focused on methylphenidate showed that this approach was able to detect potential signals and to provide better understanding of patients' behaviors regarding drugs, including misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- UMRS 1138, équipe 22, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Agnès Lillo-Le-Louët
- Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Badisse Dahamna
- Service d'Informatique Biomédicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen, Rouen, France.,Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes-TIBS EA 4108, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Karapetiantz
- UMRS 1138, équipe 22, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Guenegou-Arnoux
- UMRS 1138, équipe 22, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Katsahian
- UMRS 1138, équipe 22, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Département d'Informatique Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Bousquet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, université Paris 13, Laboratoire d'informatique médicale et d'ingénierie des connaissances en e-santé, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | - Anita Burgun
- UMRS 1138, équipe 22, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Département d'Informatique Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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23
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Jabaley CS, Wolf FA, Lynde GC, O'Reilly-Shah VN. Crowdsourcing sugammadex adverse event rates using an in-app survey: feasibility assessment from an observational study. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2018; 9:331-342. [PMID: 30034775 DOI: 10.1177/2042098618769565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile applications (apps) have become a ubiquitous source of clinical decision support. We sought to ascertain the feasibility of using an app platform to obtain a crowdsourced measure of adverse drug reaction reporting rates associated with sugammadex administration and compare it with traditionally-derived estimates. Methods Using the widely-distributed anesthesia calculator app, 'Anesthesiologist', we surveyed anesthesia providers regarding their experience with adverse drug reactions associated with sugammadex administration. Results Data were analyzed from 2770 participants in 119 countries responding between March 2016 and May 2017, who were estimated to have administered between 1.6-2.9 million doses (588-1040 administrations per participant). A low and high-end reporting rate of adverse events was estimated based on respondents' reported frequency and duration of sugammadex use. The estimated reporting rate of anaphylaxis due to sugammadex was 0.0055-0.098%, similar in range to previously published estimates. Conclusions Use of an in-app survey facilitated a global assessment of anesthesia providers and could have useful applications in monitoring adverse events and estimating their rates. Further work is needed to validate this approach for other medications and clinical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Jabaley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Francis A Wolf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grant C Lynde
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vikas N O'Reilly-Shah
- Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 3B South, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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de Vries ST, Wong L, Sutcliffe A, Houÿez F, Ruiz CL, Mol PGM. Factors Influencing the Use of a Mobile App for Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions and Receiving Safety Information: A Qualitative Study. Drug Saf 2017; 40:443-455. [PMID: 28035492 PMCID: PMC5384960 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A mobile app may increase the reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and improve the communication of new drug safety information. Factors that influence the use of an app for such two-way risk communication need to be considered at the development stage. Objective Our aim was to reveal the factors that may influence healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients to use an app for two-way risk communication. Methods Focus group discussions and face-to-face interviews were conducted in the Netherlands, Spain and the UK. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with a rare disease or their caregivers and adolescents with health conditions were eligible to participate. HCPs included pharmacists, paediatricians, general practitioners, internists, practice nurses and professionals caring for patients with a rare disease. Patients and HCPs were recruited through various channels. The recorded discussions and interviews were transcribed verbatim. The dataset was analysed using thematic analysis and arranged according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Results Seven focus group discussions and 13 interviews were conducted. In total, 21 HCPs and 50 patients participated. Identified factors that may influence the use of the app were the type of feedback given on reported ADRs, how ADR reports are stored and the type of drug news. Also mentioned were other functions of the app, ease of use, type of language, the source of safety information provided through the app, security of the app, layout, the operating systems on which the app can be used and the costs. Conclusions Further research is needed to assess associations between user characteristics and the direction (positive or negative) of the factors potentially influencing app use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0494-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieta T de Vries
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wong
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alastair Sutcliffe
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - François Houÿez
- European Organisation for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS), Paris, France
| | | | - Peter G M Mol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Smith MY, Benattia I. The Patient's Voice in Pharmacovigilance: Pragmatic Approaches to Building a Patient-Centric Drug Safety Organization. Drug Saf 2017; 39:779-85. [PMID: 27098248 PMCID: PMC4982890 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patient-centeredness has become an acknowledged hallmark of not only high-quality health care but also high-quality drug development. Biopharmaceutical companies are actively seeking to be more patient-centric in drug research and development by involving patients in identifying target disease conditions, participating in the design of, and recruitment for, clinical trials, and disseminating study results. Drug safety departments within the biopharmaceutical industry are at a similar inflection point. Rising rates of per capita prescription drug use underscore the importance of having robust pharmacovigilance systems in place to detect and assess adverse drug reactions (ADRs). At the same time, the practice of pharmacovigilance is being transformed by a host of recent regulatory guidances and related initiatives which emphasize the importance of the patient’s perspective in drug safety. Collectively, these initiatives impact the full range of activities that fall within the remit of pharmacovigilance, including ADR reporting, signal detection and evaluation, risk management, medication error assessment, benefit–risk assessment and risk communication. Examples include the fact that manufacturing authorization holders are now expected to monitor all digital sources under their control for potential reports of ADRs, and the emergence of new methods for collecting, analysing and reporting patient-generated ADR reports for signal detection and evaluation purposes. A drug safety department’s ability to transition successfully into a more patient-centric organization will depend on three defining attributes: (1) a patient-centered culture; (2) deployment of a framework to guide patient engagement activities; and (3) demonstrated proficiency in patient-centered competencies, including patient engagement, risk communication and patient preference assessment. Whether, and to what extent, drug safety departments embrace the new patient-centric imperative, and the methods and processes they implement to achieve this end effectively and efficiently, promise to become distinguishing factors in the highly competitive biopharmaceutical industry landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Y Smith
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
| | - Isma Benattia
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
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Seifert HA, Malik RE, Bhattacharya M, Campbell KR, Okun S, Pierce C, Terkowitz J, Turner JR, Krucoff MW, Powell GE. Enabling social listening for cardiac safety monitoring: Proceedings from a drug information association-cardiac safety research consortium cosponsored think tank. Am Heart J 2017; 194:107-115. [PMID: 29223428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This white paper provides a summary of the presentations and discussions from a think tank on "Enabling Social Listening for Cardiac Safety Monitoring" trials that was cosponsored by the Drug Information Association and the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium, and held at the White Oak headquarters of the US Food and Drug Administration on June 3, 2016. The meeting's goals were to explore current methods of collecting and evaluating social listening data and to consider their applicability to cardiac safety surveillance. Social listening is defined as the act of monitoring public postings on the Internet. It has several theoretical advantages for drug and device safety. First, these include the ability to detect adverse events that are "missed" by traditional sources and the ability to detect adverse events sooner than would be allowed by traditional sources, both by affording near-real-time access to data from culturally and geographically diverse sources. Social listening can also potentially introduce a novel patient voice into the conversation about drug safety, which could uniquely augment understanding of real-world medication use obtained from more traditional methodologies. Finally, it can allow for access to information about drug misuse and diversion. To date, the latter 2 of these have been realized. Although regulators from the Food and Drug Administration and the United Kingdom's Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency participated in the think tank along with representatives from industry, academia, and patient groups, this article should not be construed to constitute regulatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Seifert
- Vaccine Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, King of Prussia, PA.
| | | | - Mondira Bhattacharya
- Benefit-Risk Management and Innovative Platforms Initiative and Epidemiology, Pharmacovigilance and Patient Safety (PPS), AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL.
| | | | - Sally Okun
- Policy and Patient Safety, PatientsLikeMe, Cambridge, MA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory E Powell
- SERM Classic and Established Products, Global Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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Oosterhuis I, Rolfes L, Ekhart C, Muller-Hansma A, Härmark L. First experiences with a tool to measure the level of clinical information present in adverse drug reaction reports. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 17:111-115. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Oosterhuis
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Leàn Rolfes
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, - Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corine Ekhart
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | | | - Linda Härmark
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Matos C, Härmark L, van Hunsel F. Patient Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions: An International Survey of National Competent Authorities' Views and Needs. Drug Saf 2017; 39:1105-1116. [PMID: 27581398 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to spontaneous reporting systems can make a valuable contribution to pharmacovigilance. However, the implementation and promotion of patient reporting systems (PRSs) differ worldwide. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe attitudes toward PRSs, and progress toward implementing such systems among national competent authorities participating in the World Health Organization Programme for International Drug Monitoring. METHODS A web-based questionnaire was constructed based on qualitative interviews, and distributed through SurveyMonkey ® to all countries listed on the World Health Organization Programme for International Drug Monitoring (n = 178) during November and December of 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. RESULTS A total of 143 valid questionnaires were received from 141 countries (79.2 %). A spontaneous reporting system for both healthcare professionals and patients was present in 58 countries (41.1 %). An official PRS to report ADRs directly was implemented in 44 countries (31.2 %) and in a pilot stage in five countries (3.5 %). Patients were not allowed to report in 34 countries (24.1 %). The reasons for not having an official PRS were mainly a lack of resources/budget (56.5 %) or a lack of information/education for patients (56.5 %). When analyzing the attitudes among the respondents toward a PRS, most acknowledge that the general public contributes to the detection or strength of drug safety signals (82.2 % agree or strongly agree) and with information that is not present in healthcare professional reports (80.7 % agree or strongly agree). For respondents, giving feedback to patients could be an incentive for patients to report more (80.8 % agree or strongly agree). To be able to further PRSs, guidelines on promoting a PRS efficiently to the general public (87.4 % agree or strongly agree), training courses/conferences (86.7 % agree or strongly agree), or a public list of Lareb's scientific publications (86.7 % agree or strongly agree) were the support measures most well accepted by the respondents. CONCLUSIONS Most countries accept ADR reports from patients by an official reporting system designed for patients or through the existing system for healthcare professionals. The main reasons for not having a PRS is financial restraints and a lack of information/education of patients. Attitudes toward a PRS are positive, but some countries fear that they will not be able to handle an increase in reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Matos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Profesor García-González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Linda Härmark
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Pharmacovigilance in Education and Patient Reporting, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Florence van Hunsel
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Pharmacovigilance in Education and Patient Reporting, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Härmark L, Raine J, Leufkens H, Edwards IR, Moretti U, Sarinic VM, Kant A. Patient-Reported Safety Information: A Renaissance of Pharmacovigilance? Drug Saf 2017; 39:883-90. [PMID: 27379887 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of patients as key contributors in pharmacovigilance was acknowledged in the new EU pharmacovigilance legislation. This contains several efforts to increase the involvement of the general public, including making patient adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting systems mandatory. Three years have passed since the legislation was introduced and the key question is: does pharmacovigilance yet make optimal use of patient-reported safety information? Independent research has shown beyond doubt that patients make an important contribution to pharmacovigilance signal detection. Patient reports provide first-hand information about the suspected ADR and the circumstances under which it occurred, including medication errors, quality failures, and 'near misses'. Patient-reported safety information leads to a better understanding of the patient's experiences of the ADR. Patients are better at explaining the nature, personal significance and consequences of ADRs than healthcare professionals' reports on similar associations and they give more detailed information regarding quality of life including psychological effects and effects on everyday tasks. Current methods used in pharmacovigilance need to optimise use of the information reported from patients. To make the most of information from patients, the systems we use for collecting, coding and recording patient-reported information and the methodologies applied for signal detection and assessment need to be further developed, such as a patient-specific form, development of a severity grading and evolution of the database structure and the signal detection methods applied. It is time for a renaissance of pharmacovigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Härmark
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, WHO Collaborating Center for Pharmacovigilance in Education and Patient Reporting, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - June Raine
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, 151 Buckingham Palace Road, London, SW1W 9SZ, UK
| | - Hubert Leufkens
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Postbus 8275, 3503 RG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I Ralph Edwards
- Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Box 1051, 751 40, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ugo Moretti
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Agnes Kant
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, WHO Collaborating Center for Pharmacovigilance in Education and Patient Reporting, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Bousquet C, Dahamna B, Guillemin-Lanne S, Darmoni SJ, Faviez C, Huot C, Katsahian S, Leroux V, Pereira S, Richard C, Schück S, Souvignet J, Lillo-Le Louët A, Texier N. The Adverse Drug Reactions from Patient Reports in Social Media Project: Five Major Challenges to Overcome to Operationalize Analysis and Efficiently Support Pharmacovigilance Process. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e179. [PMID: 28935617 PMCID: PMC5629348 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Classical Pharmacovigilance process is limited by underreporting which justifies the current interest in new knowledge sources such as social media. The Adverse Drug Reactions from Patient Reports in Social Media (ADR-PRISM) project aims to extract ADRs reported by patients in these media. We identified 5 major challenges to overcome to operationalize the analysis of patient posts: (1) variable quality of information on social media, (2) guarantee of data privacy, (3) response to pharmacovigilance expert expectations, (4) identification of relevant information within Web pages, and (5) robust and evolutive architecture. Objective This article aims to describe the current state of advancement of the ADR-PRISM project by focusing on the solutions we have chosen to address these 5 major challenges. Methods In this article, we propose methods and describe the advancement of this project on several aspects: (1) a quality driven approach for selecting relevant social media for the extraction of knowledge on potential ADRs, (2) an assessment of ethical issues and French regulation for the analysis of data on social media, (3) an analysis of pharmacovigilance expert requirements when reviewing patient posts on the Internet, (4) an extraction method based on natural language processing, pattern based matching, and selection of relevant medical concepts in reference terminologies, and (5) specifications of a component-based architecture for the monitoring system. Results Considering the 5 major challenges, we (1) selected a set of 21 validated criteria for selecting social media to support the extraction of potential ADRs, (2) proposed solutions to guarantee data privacy of patients posting on Internet, (3) took into account pharmacovigilance expert requirements with use case diagrams and scenarios, (4) built domain-specific knowledge resources embeding a lexicon, morphological rules, context rules, semantic rules, syntactic rules, and post-analysis processing, and (5) proposed a component-based architecture that allows storage of big data and accessibility to third-party applications through Web services. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a component-based architecture that allows collection of patient posts on the Internet, near real-time processing of those posts including annotation, and storage in big data structures. In the next steps, we will evaluate the posts identified by the system in social media to clarify the interest and relevance of such approach to improve conventional pharmacovigilance processes based on spontaneous reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bousquet
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et d'Ingénieurie des Connaissances en e-Santé, U1142, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Service de Santé Publique et de l'Information Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Badisse Dahamna
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Stefan J Darmoni
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et d'Ingénieurie des Connaissances en e-Santé, U1142, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Sandrine Katsahian
- Unité mixte de recherche 1138, équipe 22, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Julien Souvignet
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et d'Ingénieurie des Connaissances en e-Santé, U1142, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Lillo-Le Louët
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, Paris, France
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Pierce CE, Bouri K, Pamer C, Proestel S, Rodriguez HW, Van Le H, Freifeld CC, Brownstein JS, Walderhaug M, Edwards IR, Dasgupta N. Evaluation of Facebook and Twitter Monitoring to Detect Safety Signals for Medical Products: An Analysis of Recent FDA Safety Alerts. Drug Saf 2017; 40:317-331. [PMID: 28044249 PMCID: PMC5362648 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid expansion of the Internet and computing power in recent years has opened up the possibility of using social media for pharmacovigilance. While this general concept has been proposed by many, central questions remain as to whether social media can provide earlier warnings for rare and serious events than traditional signal detection from spontaneous report data. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine whether specific product-adverse event pairs were reported via social media before being reported to the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS A retrospective analysis of public Facebook and Twitter data was conducted for 10 recent FDA postmarketing safety signals at the drug-event pair level with six negative controls. Social media data corresponding to two years prior to signal detection of each product-event pair were compiled. Automated classifiers were used to identify each 'post with resemblance to an adverse event' (Proto-AE), among English language posts. A custom dictionary was used to translate Internet vernacular into Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA®) Preferred Terms. Drug safety physicians conducted a manual review to determine causality using World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) assessment criteria. Cases were also compared with those reported in FAERS. FINDINGS A total of 935,246 posts were harvested from Facebook and Twitter, from March 2009 through October 2014. The automated classifier identified 98,252 Proto-AEs. Of these, 13 posts were selected for causality assessment of product-event pairs. Clinical assessment revealed that posts had sufficient information to warrant further investigation for two possible product-event associations: dronedarone-vasculitis and Banana Boat Sunscreen--skin burns. No product-event associations were found among the negative controls. In one of the positive cases, the first report occurred in social media prior to signal detection from FAERS, whereas the other case occurred first in FAERS. CONCLUSIONS An efficient semi-automated approach to social media monitoring may provide earlier insights into certain adverse events. More work is needed to elaborate additional uses for social media data in pharmacovigilance and to determine how they can be applied by regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Bouri
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Carol Pamer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Clark C Freifeld
- Epidemico, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University College of Computer and Information Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - I Ralph Edwards
- Uppsala Monitoring Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kheloufi F, Default A, Blin O, Micallef J. Investigating patient narratives posted on Internet and their informativeness level for pharmacovigilance purpose: The example of comments about statins. Therapie 2017; 72:483-490. [PMID: 28065444 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Health-related networks like patient health forums may be considered as potential sources of information to early detect pharmacovigilance issues or complete data on drug safety. However, the clinical and pharmacological relevancy of such a source has not been clearly explored. We aimed to describe the characteristics and the informativeness level of Internet narratives posted by patients and mentioning adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to statins. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on an Internet website dedicated to share experience on medicines. One day of December 2012, postings about simvastatin, rosuvastatin and atorvastatin publicly available on the website were collected. Their informativeness according to 16 key elements of information (including drug start and stop date, duration of treatment, time to onset and duration of the ADR, outcome, medical history, concomitant medication) was assessed. General information about reported ADRs was also investigated. RESULTS Among the 96 postings related to statins, 72 (40 women, 32 men; mean age: 59 [40-78]) mentioned at least one ADR accounting for a total of 176 ADRs. Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (42.6%) and nervous system disorders (15.3%) were the main represented ADRs. Only 2 patients mentioned ADRs that could be considered as serious but 24 patients mentioned they stopped or switched their treatment toward another lipid modifying agent because of the ADR. Mean number of available key elements of information per narrative was 6/16. Time to onset and duration of the ADR were respectively available in only 31% and 3% of the narratives. Medical history and concomitant medication were respectively lacking in 87% and 86% of the narratives. Outcome was found only in 39% of the narratives. CONCLUSION Patient narratives posted on Internet include mainly non-serious expected ADR. However, their informativeness level is very incomplete and makes difficult their assessment and use for pharmacovigilance purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Kheloufi
- Regional pharmacovigilance center of Marseille Provence Corse, department of clinical pharmacology and pharmacovigilance, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille university, Neurosciences institut Timone, CNRS 7289, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Default
- Regional pharmacovigilance center of Marseille Provence Corse, department of clinical pharmacology and pharmacovigilance, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille university, Neurosciences institut Timone, CNRS 7289, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Regional pharmacovigilance center of Marseille Provence Corse, department of clinical pharmacology and pharmacovigilance, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille university, Neurosciences institut Timone, CNRS 7289, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Joelle Micallef
- Regional pharmacovigilance center of Marseille Provence Corse, department of clinical pharmacology and pharmacovigilance, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille university, Neurosciences institut Timone, CNRS 7289, 13385 Marseille, France.
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Powell GE, Seifert HA, Reblin T, Burstein PJ, Blowers J, Menius JA, Painter JL, Thomas M, Pierce CE, Rodriguez HW, Brownstein JS, Freifeld CC, Bell HG, Dasgupta N. Social Media Listening for Routine Post-Marketing Safety Surveillance. Drug Saf 2016; 39:443-54. [PMID: 26798054 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-015-0385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-marketing safety surveillance primarily relies on data from spontaneous adverse event reports, medical literature, and observational databases. Limitations of these data sources include potential under-reporting, lack of geographic diversity, and time lag between event occurrence and discovery. There is growing interest in exploring the use of social media ('social listening') to supplement established approaches for pharmacovigilance. Although social listening is commonly used for commercial purposes, there are only anecdotal reports of its use in pharmacovigilance. Health information posted online by patients is often publicly available, representing an untapped source of post-marketing safety data that could supplement data from existing sources. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to describe one methodology that could help unlock the potential of social media for safety surveillance. METHODS A third-party vendor acquired 24 months of publicly available Facebook and Twitter data, then processed the data by standardizing drug names and vernacular symptoms, removing duplicates and noise, masking personally identifiable information, and adding supplemental data to facilitate the review process. The resulting dataset was analyzed for safety and benefit information. RESULTS In Twitter, a total of 6,441,679 Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA(®)) Preferred Terms (PTs) representing 702 individual PTs were discussed in the same post as a drug compared with 15,650,108 total PTs representing 946 individual PTs in Facebook. Further analysis revealed that 26 % of posts also contained benefit information. CONCLUSION Social media listening is an important tool to augment post-marketing safety surveillance. Much work remains to determine best practices for using this rapidly evolving data source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Powell
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | - James Blowers
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - J Alan Menius
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jeffery L Painter
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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Koutkias VG, Lillo-Le Louët A, Jaulent MC. Exploiting heterogeneous publicly available data sources for drug safety surveillance: computational framework and case studies. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 16:113-124. [PMID: 27813420 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1257604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Driven by the need of pharmacovigilance centres and companies to routinely collect and review all available data about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse events of interest, we introduce and validate a computational framework exploiting dominant as well as emerging publicly available data sources for drug safety surveillance. METHODS Our approach relies on appropriate query formulation for data acquisition and subsequent filtering, transformation and joint visualization of the obtained data. We acquired data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), PubMed and Twitter. In order to assess the validity and the robustness of the approach, we elaborated on two important case studies, namely, clozapine-induced cardiomyopathy/myocarditis versus haloperidol-induced cardiomyopathy/myocarditis, and apixaban-induced cerebral hemorrhage. RESULTS The analysis of the obtained data provided interesting insights (identification of potential patient and health-care professional experiences regarding ADRs in Twitter, information/arguments against an ADR existence across all sources), while illustrating the benefits (complementing data from multiple sources to strengthen/confirm evidence) and the underlying challenges (selecting search terms, data presentation) of exploiting heterogeneous information sources, thereby advocating the need for the proposed framework. CONCLUSIONS This work contributes in establishing a continuous learning system for drug safety surveillance by exploiting heterogeneous publicly available data sources via appropriate support tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis G Koutkias
- a Institute of Applied Biosciences , Centre for Research & Technology Hellas , Thermi , Thessaloniki , Greece.,b INSERM, U1142, LIMICS , F-75006 , Paris , France.,c Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1142, LIMICS 1142, LIMICS, F-75006 , Paris , France.,d Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LIMICS, (UMR_S 1142) , F-93430 , Villetaneuse , France
| | - Agnès Lillo-Le Louët
- e Centre Reìgional de Pharmacovigilance, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP , F-75015 , Paris , France
| | - Marie-Christine Jaulent
- b INSERM, U1142, LIMICS , F-75006 , Paris , France.,c Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1142, LIMICS 1142, LIMICS, F-75006 , Paris , France.,d Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LIMICS, (UMR_S 1142) , F-93430 , Villetaneuse , France
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Turner JR, Kowey PR, Rodriguez I, Cabell CH, Gintant G, Green CL, Kunz BL, Mortara J, Sager PT, Stockbridge N, Wright TJ, Finkle J, Krucoff MW. The Cardiac Safety Research Consortium enters its second decade: An invitation to participate. Am Heart J 2016; 177:96-101. [PMID: 27297854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Cardiac Safety Research Consortium (CSRC), a transparent, public-private partnership established in 2005 as a Critical Path Program and formalized in 2006 under a Memorandum of Understanding between the United States Food and Drug Administration and Duke University, is entering its second decade. Our continuing goal is to advance paradigms for more efficient regulatory science related to the cardiovascular safety of new therapeutics, both in the United States and globally, particularly where such safety questions add burden to innovative research and development. Operationally, CSRC brings together a broad base of stakeholders from academia, industry, and government agencies in a collaborative forum focused on identifying barriers and then creating novel solutions through shared data, expertise, and collaborative research. This white paper provides a brief overview of the Consortium's activities in its first decade and a context for some of our current activities and future directions. The growth and success of the CSRC have been primarily driven by members' active participation and the development of goodwill and trust throughout our membership, which have facilitated novel collaborations across traditionally competitive or contentious stakeholder boundaries. The continued expansion of our base of participating academicians, industry experts, and regulators will define the Consortium's success in our second decade. It is our hope that sharing our endeavors to date will stimulate additional participation in the CSRC and also provide a model for other groups starting to develop similar collaborative forums.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research & Thomas Jefferson University, PA
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia L Green
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mitchell W Krucoff
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
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