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Sato T, Matsumura M, Yamamoto K, Shlofmitz E, Moses JW, Khalique OK, Shin D, Dakroub A, Singh M, Malik S, Tsoulios A, Cohen DJ, Mintz GS, Shlofmitz RA, Jeremias A, Ali ZA, Maehara A. Prevalence and anatomical factors associated with stent under-expansion in non-severely calcified lesions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024. [PMID: 38639137 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.31035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stent underexpansion, typically related to lesion calcification, is the strongest predictor of adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although uncommon, underexpansion may also occur in non-severely calcified lesions. AIM We sought to identify the prevalence and anatomical characteristics of underexpansion in non-severely calcified lesions. METHODS We included 993 patients who underwent optical coherence tomography-guided PCI of 1051 de novo lesions with maximum calcium arc <180°. Negative remodeling (NR) was the smallest lesion site external elastic lamina diameter that was also smaller than the distal reference. Stent expansion was evaluated using a linear regression model accounting for vessel tapering; underexpansion required both stent expansion <70% and stent area <4.5mm2. RESULTS Underexpansion was observed in 3.6% of non-heavily calcified lesions (38/1051). Pre-stent maximum calcium arc and thickness were greater in lesions with versus without underexpansion (median 119° vs. 85°, p = 0.002; median 0.95 mm vs. 0.78 mm, p = 0.008). NR was also more common in lesions with underexpansion (44.7% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.007). In the multivariable logistic regression model, larger and thicker eccentric calcium, mid left anterior descending artery (LAD) location, and NR were associated with underexpansion in non-severely calcified lesions. The rate of underexpansion was especially high (30.7%) in lesions exhibiting all three morphologies. Two-year TLF tended to be higher in underexpanded versus non-underexpanded stents (9.7% vs. 3.7%, unadjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 3.02 [0.92, 9.58], p = 0.06). CONCLUSION Although underexpansion in the absence of severe calcium (<180°) is uncommon, mid-LAD lesions with NR and large and thick eccentric calcium were associated with underexpansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Sato
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mitsuaki Matsumura
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evan Shlofmitz
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Moses
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Omar K Khalique
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Doosup Shin
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Ali Dakroub
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Malik
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Anna Tsoulios
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Gary S Mintz
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Allen Jeremias
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Ziad A Ali
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Akiko Maehara
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Ciliberti G, Laborante R, Di Francesco M, Restivo A, Rizzo G, Galli M, Canonico F, Zito A, Princi G, Vergallo R, Leone AM, Burzotta F, Trani C, Palmieri V, Zeppilli P, Crea F, D’Amario D. Comprehensive functional and anatomic assessment of myocardial bridging: Unlocking the Gordian Knot. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:970422. [PMID: 36426224 PMCID: PMC9678929 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.970422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial bridging (MB) is the most frequent congenital coronary anomaly in which a segment of an epicardial coronary artery takes a tunneled course under a bridge of the myocardium. This segment is compressed during systole, resulting in the so-called "milking effect" at coronary angiography. As coronary blood flow occurs primarily during diastole, the clinical relevance of MB is heterogeneous, being usually considered an asymptomatic bystander. However, many studies have suggested its association with myocardial ischemia, anginal symptoms, and adverse cardiac events. The advent of contemporary non-invasive and invasive imaging modalities and the standardization of intracoronary functional assessment tools have remarkably improved our understanding of MB-related ischemia, suggesting the role of atherosclerotic lesions proximal to MB, vasomotor disorders and microvascular dysfunction as possible pathophysiological substrates. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary overview of the pathophysiology and of the non-invasive and invasive assessment of MB, in the attempt to implement a case-by-case therapeutic approach according to the specific endotype of MB-related ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ciliberti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Renzo Laborante
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Francesco
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Restivo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rizzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Galli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Francesco Canonico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Zito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Princi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Vergallo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Leone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Trani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palmieri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Zeppilli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D’Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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D’Amario D, Ciliberti G, Restivo A, Laborante R, Migliaro S, Canonico F, Sangiorgi GM, Tebaldi M, Porto I, Andreini D, Vergallo R, Leone AM, Gervasi S, Cammarano M, Palmieri V, Burzotta F, Trani C, Zeppilli P, Crea F. Myocardial bridge evaluation towards personalized medicine: study design and preliminary results of the RIALTO registry. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022; 24:H48-H56. [PMID: 36382004 PMCID: PMC9650458 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial bridge (MB) is the most frequent inborn coronary artery variant in which a portion of the myocardium overlies an epicardial coronary artery segment. Although MB has long been considered a benign entity, a growing body of evidence has suggested its association with angina and adverse cardiac events. However, to date, no data on long-term prognosis are available, nor on therapies improving cardiovascular outcomes. We are currently conducting an ambispective, observational, multicentre, study in which we enrol patients with a clinical indication to undergo coronary angiography (CA) and evidence of MB, aiming to describe the incidence of symptoms and cardiovascular events at baseline and at long-term follow-up (FUP). The role of invasive full-physiology assessment in modifying the discharge therapy and eventually the perceived quality of life and the incidence of major cardiovascular events will be analysed. Basal clinical-instrumental data of eligible and consenting patients have been acquired after CA; FUP was performed 6, 12, and 24 months after the angiographic diagnosis of MB. The primary endpoint of the study is the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, cardiac hospitalization, and target vessel revascularization; the secondary endpoints are the rate of patients with Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) summary score <70 and the incidence of MACE in patients undergoing invasive intracoronary assessment. Among patients undergone FUP visits, we recorded 31 MACE at 6 months (11.6%), 16 MACE at 12 months (6.5%), and 26 MACE at 24 months (13.5%). The rate of patients with SAQ <70 is 18.8% at 6 months, 20.6% at 12 months, and 21.8% at 24 months. To evaluate the prognostic role of invasive intracoronary assessment, we compared MB patients who underwent only angiographic evaluation (Angio group) to those who underwent acetylcholine (ACH) provocative test with indication to calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) at discharge (Angio + ACH + CCBs group) and those who underwent functional assessment with fractional flow reserve (FFR) with indication to beta-blockers (BBs) at discharge (Angio + FFR + BBs group). After 2 years of FUP, the rate of MACE was significantly reduced in both Angio + ACH + CCBs group (6 vs. 25%, P = 0.029) and Angio + FFR + BBs group (3 vs. 25%, P = 0.005) compared with Angio group. The preliminary results of our study showed that MB may be a cause of angina and adverse cardiac events in patients referred to CA for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Full-physiology assessment unmasking MB-related ischaemia mechanisms, allowed to guide the treatment, personalizing the clinical management, improving the quality of life, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico D’Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciliberti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Attilio Restivo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Renzo Laborante
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Canonico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Institute of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Matteo Tebaldi
- Cardiologic Center, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara 44124, Italy
| | - Italo Porto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | | | - Rocco Vergallo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Leone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gervasi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Michela Cammarano
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palmieri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Carlo Trani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Paolo Zeppilli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
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Cocco N, Madonna R, Cammalleri V, Cocco G, De Stefano D, Ricciardi D, Grigioni F, Ussia GP. Percutaneous treatment of a CTO in an anomalous right coronary artery: A rupture paved the way for new insights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:916616. [PMID: 35966553 PMCID: PMC9372292 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.916616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) from the opposite sinus, with an interarterial course, has been associated with an increased risk of myocardial ischemia and sudden death. As the exact pathophysiology of AAOCA is not well understood, the clinical management is also not well defined. With increased use of non-invasive imaging, the diagnosis of AAOCA is increasing and the association of anomalous origin and atherosclerotic disease is becoming a more important topic. We report a rare case of AAOCA chronic total occlusion (CTO). A 40-year-old Caucasian man was referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) due to typical chest pain and positive myocardial scintigraphy. ICA demonstrated CTO of an anomalous right coronary artery (ARCA) originating from the left side of the ascending aorta with an interarterial course. There was no lesion in the left coronary artery. During the procedure, unexpected rupture of the coronary artery occurred after dilatation with a small balloon at low pressure. The complication in this case was handled with good procedural final result but was an occasion for a food for thought. Coronary artery perforations are rare but life-threatening procedural complications that are usually caused by predisposing anatomical and procedural factors. We issue a warning on the risk of complications during complex percutaneous coronary intervention of these arteries, and we reconsidered the pathophysiology of the anomaly in a way that could change the approach to the disease. Based on this complication, we hypothesized that the wall of the artery could be fragile due to histopathological alterations, which could have a role in the pathophysiology of coronary malignancy. Future autopsy studies should be focused on the analysis of the arterial wall of the patient affected by sudden death with this anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Cocco
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiology Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana Ospedale di Cisanello, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Cammalleri
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Cocco
- Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti G D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Stefano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Ricciardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Ussia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Darabont RO, Vișoiu IS, Magda ȘL, Stoicescu C, Vintilă VD, Udroiu C, Vinereanu D. Implications of Myocardial Bridge on Coronary Atherosclerosis and Survival. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040948. [PMID: 35453995 PMCID: PMC9026775 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to describe the impact of MBs on atherosclerosis and survival, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We retrospectively studied 1920 consecutive patients who underwent conventional coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Atherosclerotic load (AL), defined as the sum of degrees of stenosis, and general atherosclerotic load (GAL), representing the sum of AL, were compared between patients with MB and a control group without MB; patients in these groups were similar in age and sex. We assessed survival at 10 years after the last enrolled patient. Results: Prevalence of MB was 3.96%, predominantly in the mid-segment of left anterior descendent artery (LAD). In the presence of MB, GAL was lower (158.1 ± 93.7 vs. 205.3 ± 117.9, p = 0.004) with a lesser AL in the proximal (30.3 ± 39.9 vs. 42.9 ± 41.1, p = 0.038) and mid-segments (8.1 ± 20.0 vs. 25.3 ± 35.9, p < 0.001) of LAD. Based on a Multinominal Logistic Regression, we found that the presence of MB on LAD (regardless of its location on this artery) is a protective factor against atherosclerotic lesions, decreasing the probability of significant stenosis, especially of those ≥70%, on the entire artery (B −1.539, OR 4660; 95% CI = 1.873−11.595, p = 0.001) and on each of its segments as well: proximal LAD (B −1.275, OR 0.280; 95% CI = 0.015−5.073; p = 0.038), mid-LAD (B −1.879, OR 6.545; 95% CI = 1.492−28.712; p = 0.013) and distal LAD (B −0.900, OR 2.459, 95% CI = 2.459−2.459, p = 0.032). However, 10-year survival was similar between groups (76.70% vs. 74.30%, p = 0.740). Conclusion: The presence of MB on LAD proved to be a protective factor against atherosclerosis for the entire artery and for each of its segments, but it does not influence long-term survival in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Oana Darabont
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 030167 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.L.M.); (C.S.); (V.D.V.); (D.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independenței, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (I.S.V.); (C.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723-441-315
| | - Ionela Simona Vișoiu
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independenței, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (I.S.V.); (C.U.)
| | - Ștefania Lucia Magda
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 030167 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.L.M.); (C.S.); (V.D.V.); (D.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independenței, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (I.S.V.); (C.U.)
| | - Claudiu Stoicescu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 030167 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.L.M.); (C.S.); (V.D.V.); (D.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independenței, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (I.S.V.); (C.U.)
| | - Vlad Damian Vintilă
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 030167 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.L.M.); (C.S.); (V.D.V.); (D.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independenței, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (I.S.V.); (C.U.)
| | - Cristian Udroiu
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independenței, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (I.S.V.); (C.U.)
| | - Dragoș Vinereanu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 030167 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.L.M.); (C.S.); (V.D.V.); (D.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independenței, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (I.S.V.); (C.U.)
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Babaee A, Vaghefi SHE, Dehghani Soltani S, Asadi Shekaari M, Shahrokhi N, Basiri M. Hippocampal Astrocyte Response to Melatonin Following Neural Damage Induction in Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:177-186. [PMID: 34925714 PMCID: PMC8672670 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.2.986.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Brain injury induces an almost immediate response from glial cells, especially astrocytes. Activation of astrocytes leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species that may result in secondary neuronal damage. Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, and it has been reported to exert neuroprotection through the prevention of neuronal death in several models of central nervous system injury. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin on astrocyte activation induced by Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Methods: Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups; Sham group, TBI group, vehicle group, and melatonin-treated TBI groups (TBI+Mel5, TBI+Mel20). Immunohistochemical method (GFAP marker) and TUNEL assay were used to evaluate astrocyte reactivity and neuronal death, respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that the astrocyte number was reduced significantly in melatonin-treated groups compared to the vehicle group. Additionally, based on TUNEL results, melatonin administration noticeably reduced the number of apoptotic neurons in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Conclusion: In general, our findings suggest that melatonin treatment after brain injury reduces astrocyte reactivity as well as neuronal cell apoptosis in rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Babaee
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Samereh Dehghani Soltani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Claudino Dos Santos JC, Barreto JEF, Fernando de Sousa Rodrigues C, Serra de Lima Júnior FA, de Sá Braga Oliveira A. Morphological analysis of myocardial bridges and coronary arterial dominance in northeast Brazil. Morphologie 2021:S1286-0115(21)00038-2. [PMID: 33775545 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary arterial dominance and myocardial bridges have clinical implications, since a left dominant pattern associated to the presence of myocardial bridges is often associated to a higher incidence of arteriosclerosis and higher mortality by myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE To determine the presence and position of myocardial bridges and their relation with coronary arterial dominance. METHODS Fifty-seven human cadaveric hearts were analyzed into three groups, as follows: right dominance; left dominance; codominance. Each group was then divided into two subgroups: with or without myocardial bridges. Finally, each subgroup with myocardial bridges was classified according to the position of the myocardial bridge according to the main axis of the heart (proximal, middle and distal third). RESULTS The right dominance occurred in most hearts (30 hearts-52,6%). Twenty-three myocardial bridges (40,3%) were identified and mostly occurred on left dominant hearts (22,8%). The pattern of coronary dominance presented a statistically significant correlation with the presence of myocardial bridges (P=0.048). The middle third of the heart axis showed the highest occurrence of myocardial bridges. CONCLUSION These findings suggest there is a clear relationship between the presence of myocardial bridges and left dominant pattern. Middle third of the heart axis present the higher occurrence of myocardial bridges. Knowledge of the myocardial bridges morphology is of great clinical significance, improving patient care.
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Abstract
Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital anomaly where a coronary artery branch or group of branches extends inside a tunnel consisting of myocardium. Although it is mostly considered "benign," it is reported that MB may lead to significant cardiac problems and sudden cardiac deaths. While it is a congenital anomaly, its symptoms usually arise at further ages rather than childhood. The literature on MB in children is in the form of case reports or small case series. This is why pediatric cases are assessed in the light of information obtained from adults. This review compiled the literature on MB in adults and children and compared it, as well as discussing questions arising regarding the clinic, diagnosis, and treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Erol
- Pediatric Clinics, Zeynep Kamil Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Uskudar/Istanbul, Turkey,
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9
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Roberts W, Charles SM, Ang C, Holda MK, Walocha J, Lachman N, Tubbs RS, Loukas M. Myocardial bridges: A meta-analysis. Clin Anat 2021; 34:685-709. [PMID: 33078444 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial bridges are anatomical entities characterized by myocardium covering segments of coronary arteries. In some patients, the presence of a myocardial bridge is benign and is only incidentally found on autopsy. In other patients, however, myocardial bridges can lead to compression of the coronary artery during systolic contraction and delayed diastolic relaxation, resulting in myocardial ischemia. This ischemia in turn can lead to myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Myocardial bridges have also been linked to an increased incidence of atherosclerosis, which has been attributed to increased shear stress and the presence of vasoactive factors. Other studies however, demonstrated the protective roles of myocardial bridges. In this study, using systematic review and a meta-analytical approach we investigate the prevalence and morphology of myocardial bridges in both clinical imaging and cadaveric dissections. We also discuss the pathophysiology, clinical significance, and management of these anatomical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallisa Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Princess Royal Hospital, Apley Castle, Telford Shropshire, UK
| | - Stacey M Charles
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Cassandra Ang
- Department of Medicine, Princess Royal Hospital, Apley Castle, Telford Shropshire, UK
| | - Mateusz K Holda
- HEART-Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, England, UK
| | - Jerzy Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Nirusha Lachman
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.,Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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10
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Eftekhar-Vaghefi SH, Pourhoseini S, Movahedi M, Hooshmand S, Ostovan MA, Dehghani P, Ostovan N. Comparison of detection percentage and morphology of myocardial bridge between conventional coronary angiography and coronary CT angiography. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2019; 11:203-208. [PMID: 31579460 PMCID: PMC6759614 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Myocardial bridge (MB) is a congenital anomaly in which a segment of a coronary artery is surrounded by myocardium. In our study, we want to use conventional coronary angiography (CCA) to describe morphologic characteristics of MB (unidentified or identified) in the patients with documented evidence of MB in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: The present study was designed as cross-sectional and was conducted on 47 patients with documented evidence of MB in CCTA, who were referred to Nemazee and Faghihi hospitals for performing coronary angiography during a one year period. We compared the morphologic characteristics of tunneled segments, which were missed at CCA (unidentified), and the tunneled segments which were identified with CCA. Results: In sum, MB was found in 16 (34%) patients at CCA (identified), and it was not found in 31 (66%) patients (unidentified) based on compression sign. No significant correlation was found between the percentage of systolic compression and the length and depth of the tunneled segment in identified group (r=0.73, P = 0.18; r=1.09, P = 0.15; respectively). Degree of atherosclerotic plaque formation (diameter stenosis, percentage) (mean, 0.25 (25%) ±0.29; range, 0-0.98) of the tunneled segments in unidentified group was significantly more than the same degree (mean, 0.07 (7%) ±0.13; range, 0-0.41) of the identified group (P = 0.03). The measurement of the trapezoid area under the tunneled segment with this formula [(MB length+ intramyocardial segment) ×depth/2] had significant relation with systolic compression (r=0.304, P = 0.03) and defined the cut-off value of 250 mm2 as the value of significant difference in detecting myocardial bridging with CCA. Conclusion: Our results showed that in most of identified MBs in CCA the tunneled segment area was equal and more than 250 mm2. In addition, the degree of atherosclerotic plaque of the tunneled segments at CCA was significantly more in unidentified group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somayeh Pourhoseini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Movahedi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shohre Hooshmand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ostovan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooyan Dehghani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nikan Ostovan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Zhao DH, Fan Q, Ning JX, Wang X, Tian JY. Myocardial bridge-related coronary heart disease: Independent influencing factors and their predicting value. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1986-1995. [PMID: 31423430 PMCID: PMC6695549 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial bridge (MB) will compress the mural coronary artery (MCA) during the systole and cause myocardial ischemia. In the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD), because the structure of MB is difficult to be observed by coronary angiography (CAG), the clinical study of the influence of MB on CHD is lacking. With the advancement of computed tomography coronary angiography technology, detailed observations of the MB anatomy have realized.
AIM To explore the main influencing factors of MB-related CHD and to find potential indicators for predicting MB-related CHD.
METHODS A total of 1718 patients with suspected CHD due to the symptoms of myocardial ischemia were enrolled as subjects. Patients diagnosed with CHD were included in a CHD group, and patients with no significant abnormalities were included in a control group. In the CHD group, patients were divided into an MB-CHD subgroup if MB-related CHD was found. In the control group, patients were divided into a simple MB subgroup if MB was found. The patient's clinical data and MB-related indicators, including the branch of MB, MB type (superficial/deep type), MB length, MB thickness, systolic and diastolic compression of the MCA, and MCA systolic stenosis rate were recorded and compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent influencing factors of MD-related CHD. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of potential indicators for MB-related CHD.
RESULTS There were 1060 cases in the CHD group and 658 cases in the control group, and there were 236 cases in the MB-CHD subgroup and 52 cases in the simple MB subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the combined MB had a significant effect on the occurrence of CHD (P < 0.05). MB thickness, systolic compression, diastolic compression, and MCA systolic stenosis rate had significant effects on the occurrence of MB-related CHD (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the combination of these influencing factors for the diagnosis of MB-related CHD was 0.959, which was significantly higher than the AUCs of the four indicators separately (P < 0.05). The sensitivity was 97.06% and the specificity was 87.63%.
CONCLUSION MB thickness, systolic compression, diastolic compression, and MCA systolic stenosis are independent influencing factors for MB-related CHD. The combination of these factors has potential diagnostic value for MB-related CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun-Xia Ning
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Pingyuan County, Dezhou 253100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia-Yu Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
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12
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Babaee A, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Dehghani-Soltani S, Shojaei M, Ezzatabadipour M. Photobiomodulation and gametogenic potential of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:239-245. [PMID: 31029424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, light emitting diode (LED) irradiation has been introduced as a new strategy to enhance proliferation and affect differentiation of stem cells. Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal (hWJM) cells have unique characteristics that make them an appropriate source of stem cells for use in basic and clinical applications. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of polarized (PL) and non-polarized (NPL) red light irradiation on gametogenic differentiation of hWJM cells in the presence or absence of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and retinoic acid (RA). Exposure of hWJM cells to PL and NPL red LED (625 nm, 1.9 J/cm2) with or without BMP4+RA pre-treatment effectively differentiated them into germ lineage when the gene expression pattern (Fragilis, DAZL, VASA, SCP3 and Acrosin) and protein synthesis (anti-DAZL, anti-VASA, anti-SCP3 and anti-Acrosin antibodies) of the induced cells was evaluated. These data demonstrated that photobiomodulation may be applied for gametogenic differentiation in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Babaee
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Samereh Dehghani-Soltani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Tajti P, Xenogiannis I, Chavez I, Gössl M, Mooney M, Poulose A, Sorajja P, Traverse J, Wang Y, Burke MN, Brilakis ES. Expecting the unexpected: preventing and managing the consequences of coronary perforations. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 16:805-814. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2018.1533402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tajti
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Invasive Cardiology, Second Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Iosif Xenogiannis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ivan Chavez
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mario Gössl
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Mooney
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anil Poulose
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul Sorajja
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jay Traverse
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yale Wang
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M. Nicholas Burke
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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