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Freitas SR, Cruz-Montecinos C, Ratel S, Pinto RS. Powerpenia Should be Considered a Biomarker of Healthy Aging. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38523229 PMCID: PMC10961295 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
To identify biomarkers that precede the decline of human function and independence during the lifespan, two important concepts have been introduced in recent decades: sarcopenia and dynapenia. While the former is originally focused on skeletal muscle loss, the latter is on maximal strength loss. Although the dynapenia concept implies the inclusion of skeletal muscle power, in practical terms, this has not been specifically addressed. For instance, only 2 out of 220 studies published between 2008 and 2023 have directly measured muscle power to classify individuals with dynapenia. As previous studies have shown a greater relevance of skeletal muscle power in healthy aging, we hereby propose the introduction of the term "powerpenia" to specifically reflect the loss of skeletal muscle power along lifespan, but also with disease and/or physical inactivity. Together with sarcopenia and dynapenia, we contend that powerpenia should be considered a biomarker of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro R Freitas
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Section of Research, Innovation and Development in Kinesiology, Kinesiology Unit, San José Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- AME2P, Clermont-Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, 3533, EA, France
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ferhi H, Magtouf E, Attia A, Durand S, Boyas S, Beaune B, Chortane SG, Maktouf W. Does Obesity Affect the Rate of Force Development in Plantar Flexor Muscles among Older Adults? Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:89. [PMID: 38668557 PMCID: PMC11054987 DOI: 10.3390/sports12040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The literature offers limited information on the effect of obesity on the rate of force development (RFD), a critical parameter for mobility in older adults. The objectives of this study were to explore the influence of obesity on the RFD in older adults and to examine the association between this neuromuscular parameter and walking speed. The participants (42 older adults) were classified into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 22; mean age = 81.13 ± 4.02 years; body mass index (BMI) = 25.13 ± 3.35 kg/m2), and the obese group (OG, n = 20; mean age = 77.71 ± 2.95 years; BMI = 34.46 ± 3.25 kg/m2). Walking speed (m/s) was measured using the 10 m walking test. Neuromuscular parameters of the plantar flexors were evaluated during a maximal voluntary contraction test using a dynamometer. The RFD was calculated from the linear slop of the force-time curve in the following two phases: from the onset of the contraction to 50 ms (RFD0-50) and from 100 to 200 ms (RFD100-200). The gait speed was lower in the OG compared to the CG (p < 0.001). The RFD50/100 and RFD100/200 were lower in the OG compared to the CG (p < 0.001). The RFD50/100 was found to be the predominant influencer on gait speed in the OG. In conclusion, obesity negatively impacts the RFD in older adults and RFD stands out as the primary factor among the studied parameters influencing gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ferhi
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of La Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia; (H.F.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Elmoetez Magtouf
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of La Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia; (H.F.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Ahmed Attia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of La Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia; (H.F.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Sylvain Durand
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance (UR 4334), Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France; (S.D.); (S.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Sébastien Boyas
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance (UR 4334), Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France; (S.D.); (S.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Bruno Beaune
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance (UR 4334), Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France; (S.D.); (S.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Sabri Gaied Chortane
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of La Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia; (H.F.); (E.M.); (A.A.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Wael Maktouf
- Bioengineering, Tissues and Neuroplasticity, UR 7377, Faculty of Health/EPISEN, University of Paris-Est Créteil, 8 rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France
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Yoshiko A, Hirono T, Takeda R, Chosa N, Beppu M, Watanabe K. Applicability of the seated step test for assessing thigh muscle sarcopenia in older individuals. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112283. [PMID: 37660763 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of lower limb muscle mass and related functions in older individuals is important because of their essential role in maintaining locomotion and activities of daily living. Therefore, a simple and reliable method for assessing these parameters should be established. The seated step test is easy and safe and can be used to assess lower limb agility; however, its relationship to skeletal muscle mass and function remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between the seated step test and lower limb muscle mass and function. For the analysis, we included 85 participants aged 73.1 ± 6.0 years. The participants performed an alternate up-down leg step test for 10 s while seated in a chair. Lower limb muscle mass was measured using bioimpedance analysis. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated using the following equation: lower limb muscle mass (kg) / height2 (m2). As the muscle functional parameters, we measured the isometric knee extension peak torque (KEPT), knee flexion peak torque (KFPT), and rate of torque development (RTD) for isometric knee extension in all participants. The seated step test score had a significant relationship with KEPT, KFPT, and SMI, but not with RTD. In the single regression analysis, the seated step test significantly predicted KEPT, KFPT, and SMI. These results suggest that up-down seated step test can be a reliable method to estimate lower limb muscle size and function in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Yoshiko
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Hirono
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Chosa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Watanabe
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
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Caparrós-Manosalva C, Garrido-Muñoz N, Alvear-Constanzo B, Sanzana-Laurié S, Artigas-Arias M, Alegría-Molina A, Vidal-Seguel N, Espinoza-Araneda J, Huard N, Pagnussat AS, Sapunar J, Salazar LA, Marzuca-Nassr GN. Effects of high-intensity interval training on lean mass, strength, and power of the lower limbs in healthy old and young people. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1223069. [PMID: 37829114 PMCID: PMC10565117 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1223069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve lean mass, strength, and power of the lower limbs in young and older people is still under discussion. This study aimed to determine the effect of HIIT on lean mass, maximal strength, rate of force development (RFD), and muscle power of both lower limbs in healthy young and older adults. Secondarily, to compare the effects of HIIT between dominant vs. non-dominant lower limbs of each group. Materials and methods: Healthy older (n = 9; 66 ± 6 years; BMI 27.1 ± 3.1 kg m-2) and young (n = 9; 21 ± 1 years; BMI 26.2 ± 2.8 kg m-2) men underwent 12 weeks of HIIT (3x/week) on a stationary bicycle. The evaluations were made before and after the HIIT program by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), anthropometry, force transducer and, Sit-to-Stand test. The outcomes analyzed were limb lean mass, thigh circumference, maximal voluntary isometric strength, RFD (Time intervals: 0-50, 50-100, 100-200, and 0-200 ms), and muscle power in both lower limbs. Results: After 12 weeks of HIIT, non-dominant limb (NDL) showed increase in limb lean mass (p < 0.05) but without interaction (time*group). HIIT showed a gain in absolute maximal strength and also when adjusted for thigh circumference in the dominant lower limb (DL) in both groups. The RFD0-200 ms showed differences between groups but without interaction. The RFD0-50 ms of the NDL showed post-training improvements (p < 0.05) in both groups. Only the older group showed differences between DL vs. NDL in most of the RFD obtained post-intervention. In addition, post-HIIT muscle power gain was observed in both groups (p < 0.05), but mainly in older adults. Conclusion: HIIT promotes increases in lean mass, maximal strength, early RFD, and lower limb muscle power in healthy older and young individuals. The differences shown between the DL and the NDL must be analyzed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Caparrós-Manosalva
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Nicolás Garrido-Muñoz
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bastián Alvear-Constanzo
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sofía Sanzana-Laurié
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Macarena Artigas-Arias
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Alegría-Molina
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Vidal-Seguel
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de Ciencias Básicas, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jessica Espinoza-Araneda
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Temuco, Chile
| | - Aline Souza Pagnussat
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jorge Sapunar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
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Labott BK, Donath L. Agility performance in healthy older adults is associated with handgrip strength and force development: results from a 1-year randomized controlled trial. Eur Geriatr Med 2023:10.1007/s41999-023-00789-8. [PMID: 37160853 PMCID: PMC10169200 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Handgrip strength is considered as important indicator for general fitness in older adults. However, it does not notably reflect adaptations from whole-body training but may reflect adaptions of multicomponent exercise training. These approaches seem to be more functional and related to relevant daily tasks. Effects of multicomponent agility training on handgrip strength are analysed. METHODS Healthy older adults (N = 79, 69.3 ± 4.4 years, 64% female) were randomly assigned to an intervention (IG) or control group (CG). IG took part in a twice weekly 60 min multicomponent agility training for 12 months. Adherence rate of the participants was 75 ± 10 %. RESULTS Neither maximum handgrip strength (Fmax) differed between groups (IG: 318 ± 97 N, CG: 302 ± 92 N) nor did it change after the intervention (IG: 315 ± 90 N, CG: 301 ± 97 N). Mixed ANOVA for Fmax (F(1,49) = 0.018, p = 0.893) revealed no significant group × time interaction with an effect size of [Formula: see text]. Similar results were observed for rate of force development (RFD) (F(1,49) = 0.038, p = 0.847) with an effect size [Formula: see text] . RFD did not differ between groups in pre (IG: 876 ± 585 N/s, CG: 712 ± 303 N/s) and post (IG: 890 ± 424 N/s, CG: 702 ± 368 N/s) measurements. Correlation for ACE and Fmax (r(64) = - 0.367, p = 0.005) and for RFD (r(64) = - 0.487, p < 0.001) was found to be negative. CONCLUSION A 1-year multicomponent agility training does not affect handgrip strength in healthy older adults. However, handgrip strength (Fmax and RFD) is associated with agility, thus both handgrip strength indicators and agility might serve as local and functional vitality surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit K Labott
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
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Dalton BE, Mazara N, Debenham MIB, Zwambag DP, Noonan AM, Weersink E, Brown SHM, Power GA. The relationship between single muscle fibre and voluntary rate of force development in young and old males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:821-832. [PMID: 36484861 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is suggested that the early phase (< 50 ms) of force development during a muscle contraction is associated with intrinsic contractile properties, while the late phase (> 50 ms) is associated with maximal force. There are no direct investigations of single muscle fibre rate of force development (RFD) as related to joint-level RFD METHODS: Sixteen healthy, young (n = 8; 26.4 ± 1.5 yrs) and old (n = 8; 70.1 ± 2.8 yrs) males performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) and electrically evoked twitches of the knee extensors to assess RFD. Then, percutaneous muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis and chemically permeabilized, to assess single fibre function. RESULTS At the joint level, older males were ~ 30% weaker and had ~ 43% and ~ 40% lower voluntary RFD values at 0-100 and 0-200 ms, respectively, than the younger ones (p ≤ 0.05). MVC torque was related to every voluntary RFD epoch in the young (p ≤ 0.001), but only the 0-200 ms epoch in the old (p ≤ 0.005). Twitch RFD was ~ 32% lower in the old compared to young (p < 0.05). There was a strong positive relationship between twitch RFD and voluntary RFD during the earliest time epochs in the young (≤ 100 ms; p ≤ 0.01). While single fibre RFD was unrelated to joint-level RFD in the young, older adults trended (p = 0.052-0.055) towards significant relationships between joint-level RTD and Type I single fibre RFD at the 0-30 ms (r2 = 0.48) and 0-50 ms (r2 = 0.49) time epochs. CONCLUSION Electrically evoked twitches are good predictors of early voluntary RFD in young, but not older adults. Only the older adults showed a potential relationship between single fibre (Type I) and joint-level rate of force development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Dalton
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Mazara
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mathew I B Debenham
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Derek P Zwambag
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alex M Noonan
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Weersink
- Sports Medicine Clinic, Health and Performance Centre, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Tøien T, Malmo T, Espedal L, Wang E. Maximal intended velocity enhances strength training-induced neuromuscular stimulation in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2627-2636. [PMID: 36112218 PMCID: PMC9613575 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe age-related attenuation in neuromuscular function can be mitigated with strength training. Current recommendations for untrained and elderly recommend performing the strength training with a controlled movement velocity (CON). However, applying maximal intended velocity (MIV) in the concentric phase of movement may augment neuromuscular stimulation and potentially enhance training adaptations. Thus, applying rate of electromyography (EMG) rise (RER) recordings, we examined the acute early phase neuromuscular response to these two contraction types in quadriceps femoris during leg extension, along with actual movement velocity, in 12 older (76 ± 6 years) and 12 young men (23 ± 2 years). Results revealed that older adults had a lower one repetition maximum (1RM) than young (33 ± 9 kg vs. 50 ± 9 kg; p = 0.001) and lower actual velocity across relative intensities of ~ 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of 1RM for CON and MIV (all p < 0.05). Older adults also had consistently reduced RER compared to young during both conditions (old: 1043–1810 μV; young: 1844–3015 μV; all p < 0.05). However, RER was higher in contractions with MIV compared to CON for both age groups, and across all intensities (98–674%, all p < 0.05). In conclusion, despite decreased maximal strength and attenuated neuromuscular response with advancing age, our results document an augmented neuromuscular activation when repetitions are performed with MIV in the concentric phase of movement.
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Grgic J, Grgic I. Resistance Training–Induced Gains in Rate of Force Development Are Maintained During Training Cessation: A Meta-Analysis. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Meigh NJ, Keogh JWL, Schram B, Hing W, Rathbone EN. Effects of supervised high-intensity hardstyle kettlebell training on grip strength and health-related physical fitness in insufficiently active older adults: the BELL pragmatic controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:354. [PMID: 35459114 PMCID: PMC9026020 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ballistic Exercise of the Lower Limb (BELL) trial examined the efficacy and safety of a pragmatic hardstyle kettlebell training program in older adults. Insufficiently active men and women aged 59–79 years, were recruited to a 6-month repeated measures study, involving 3-months usual activity and 3-months progressive hardstyle kettlebell training. Health-related physical fitness outcomes included: grip strength [GS], 6-min walk distance [6MWD], resting heart rate [HR], stair-climb [SC], leg extensor strength [LES], hip extensor strength [HES], Sit-To-Stand [STS], vertical jump [CMVJ], five-times floor transfer [5xFT], 1RM deadlift, body composition (DXA), attendance, and adverse events. Sixteen males (68.8 ± 4.6 yrs, 176.2 ± 7.8 cm, 90.7 ± 11.0 kg, 29.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2) and sixteen females (68.6 ± 4.7 yrs, 163.9 ± 5.4 cm, 70.4 ± 12.7 kg, 26.3 ± 4.9 kg/m2) were recruited. Compliance with the supervised exercise program was very high (91.5%). Kettlebell training increased GS (R: MD = 7.1 kg 95% CI [4.9, 9.3], L: MD = 6.3 kg 95% CI [4.1, 8.4]), 6MWD (41.7 m, 95% CI [17.9, 65.5]), 1RM (16.2 kg, 95% CI [2.4, 30.0]), 30 s STS (3.3 reps, 95% CI [0.9, 5.7]), LES (R: MD = 61.6 N, 95% CI [4.4, 118.8]), HES (L: MD = 21.0 N,95% CI [4.2,37.8]), appendicular skeletal lean mass (MD = 0.65 kg, 95% CI [0.08, 1.22]), self-reported health change (17.1%, 95% CI [4.4, 29.8]) and decreased SC time (2.7 s, 95% CI [0.2, 5.2]), 5xFT time (6.0 s, 95% CI [2.2, 9.8]) and resting HR (7.4 bpm, 95% CI [0.7, 14.1]). There were four non-serious adverse events. Mean individual training load for group training sessions during the trial was 100,977 ± 9,050 kg. High-intensity hardstyle kettlebell training was well tolerated and improved grip strength and measures of health-related physical fitness in insufficiently active older adults. Trial registration: Prospectively registered: 20/08/2019, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001177145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Meigh
- Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.
| | - Justin W L Keogh
- Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.,Sports Performance Research Centre New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Mangalore, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ben Schram
- Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Evelyne N Rathbone
- Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia
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Factors influencing gait speed in community-dwelling older women: A Bayesian approach. Gait Posture 2022; 92:455-460. [PMID: 34999556 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human gait is a complex task resulting from the interaction of sensory perception, muscle force output, and sensory-motor integration, which declines with the aging process and impacts gait speed in older women. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the separate and combined impacts of sensory-motor factors on gait speed of older women? METHODS Sixty healthy older women (69.3 ± 5.9 years) volunteered for this study. A previous screening using Pearson's correlation selected variables significantly correlated with gait speed: age, plantar tactile perception, lower limb explosive force, and mean velocity (MV) of the center of pressure (CoP). Simple and multivariate regression models were performed with selected variables. The magnitude of evidence was obtained using Bayesian inference, determining posterior probabilities based on our data. RESULTS Gait speed was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with plantar tactile perception, MV (Romberg index), and lower limb explosive force. The coefficient of determination (R2) varied between 0.06 for plantar tactile perception and 0.22 for explosive force (p < 0.05). The multivariate model, including age, MV (Romberg index), and lower limb explosive force, explained 44% (R2 = 0.44) of the variance in gait speed, with a small standard error of estimate (0.14 m/s). Bayesian inference confirmed the good posterior probability of the model. SIGNIFICANCE Age, plantar tactile perception, MV (Romberg index), and lower limb explosive force impact gait speed, whereas the combination of the first three factors has an excellent posterior probability of predicting or affecting gait speed.
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Gollie JM, Harris-Love MO, Patel SS, Shara NM, Blackman MR. Rate of Force Development Is Related to Maximal Force and Sit-to-Stand Performance in Men With Stages 3b and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2. [PMID: 34708217 PMCID: PMC8547335 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.734705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The primary aims of the present study were to assess the relationships of early (0–50 ms) and late (100–200 ms) knee extensor rate of force development (RFD) with maximal voluntary force (MVF) and sit-to-stand (STS) performance in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not requiring dialysis. Methods: Thirteen men with CKD (eGFR = 35.17 ±.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2, age = 70.56 ±.4 years) and 12 non-CKD men (REF) (eGFR = 80.31 ± 4.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2, age = 70.22 ±.9 years) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions to determine MVF and RFD of the knee extensors. RFD was measured at time intervals 0–50 ms (RFD0−50) and 100–200 ms (RFD100−200). STS was measured as the time to complete five repetitions. Measures of rectus femoris grayscale (RF GSL) and muscle thickness (RF MT) were obtained via ultrasonography in the CKD group only. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to examine differences between groups. Bivariate relationships were assessed by Pearson's product moment correlation. Results: Knee extensor MVF adjusted for body weight (CKD=17.14 ±.1 N·kg0.67, REF=21.55 ±.3 N·kg0.67, SMD = 0.79) and STS time (CKD = 15.93 ±.4 s, REF = 12.23 ±.7 s, SMD = 1.03) were lower in the CKD group than the REF group. Absolute RFD100−200 was significantly directly related to adjusted MVF in CKD (r = 0.56, p = 0.049) and REF (r = 0.70, p = 0.012), respectively. STS time was significantly inversely related to absolute (r = −0.75, p = 0.008) and relative RFD0−50 (r = −0.65, p = 0.030) in CKD but not REF (r = 0.08, p = 0.797; r = 0.004, p = 0.991). Significant inverse relationships between RF GSL adjusted for adipose tissue thickness and absolute RFD100−200 (r =−0.59, p = 0.042) in CKD were observed. Conclusion: The results of the current study highlight the declines in strength and physical function that occur in older men with CKD stages 3b and 4 not requiring dialysis. Moreover, early RFD was associated with STS time in CKD while late RFD was associated MVF in both CKD and REF. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03160326 and NCT02277236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Gollie
- Skeletal Muscle Laboratory, Research Service, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University, Health, Human Function, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,George Mason University, Rehabilitation Science, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Michael O Harris-Love
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Muscle Morphology, Mechanics and Performance Laboratory, Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samir S Patel
- Renal Service, Washington DC VAMC, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nawar M Shara
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Marc R Blackman
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Research Service, Washington DC VAMC, Washington, DC, United States.,Departments of Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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An Attempt to Identify Meaningful Descriptors of Handgrip Strength Using a Novel Prototype: Preliminary Study. INFORMATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/info11120546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Handgrip strength (HGS) is an indicator of muscle condition and general health wellbeing. Usually, instruments measuring handgrip strength only identify its maximum value. This preliminary study is focused on identifying force vs. time parameters which could contribute to better describe individual strength. They were obtained during a Handgrip strength test of 15 s in a sample group of 94 university students. The tests were conducted with a smart multifunction novel prototype dynamometer, named BodyGrip. Mean values of quantities related to the ability to develop and to maintain strength in percentage of maximum handgrip strength, were extracted from the force vs time profile. Contrary to maximum HGS, such quantities were found to be independent of the participant’s anthropometric characteristics. Individual comparisons based on those quantities are therefore not affected by the anthropometric characteristics. It was possible to identify individuals, differing on the development of HGS. Results suggest that the functionality of the BodyGrip tool enables a more thorough characterization of the time profile of the Handgrip strength that might influence the knowledge of the muscle functions, such as power development and endurance.
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Olmos AA, Stratton MT, Ha PL, Dalton BE, VanDusseldorp TA, Mangine GT, Feito Y, Poisal MJ, Jones JA, Smith TM, Hester GM. Early and late rapid torque characteristics and select physiological correlates in middle-aged and older males. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231907. [PMID: 32324776 PMCID: PMC7179893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare early and late rapid torque parameters of the plantar flexors (PFs) in middle-aged (MM) and older (OM) males, and determine the effect of normalization to peak torque (PT) and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Methods Twenty-nine healthy, MM (n = 14; 45 ± 2 yrs) and OM (n = 15; 65 ± 3 yrs) performed rapid, maximal isometric contractions of the PFs. PT, as well as rate of torque development and impulse during the early (0–50 ms; RTD0-50, IMP0-50) and late (100–200 ms; RTD100-200, IMP100-200) contraction phases were calculated. Torque at 50 (TQ50), 100 (TQ100), and 200 (TQ200) ms was also obtained. CSA and echo-intensity (EI) of the gastrocnemii were acquired via ultrasonography. Torque variables were normalized to PT and CSA. Rate of EMG rise (RER) for the medial gastrocnemius was calculated at 30, 50 and 75 ms. Results TQ100 (MM = 69.71 ± 16.85 vs. OM = 55.99 ± 18.54 Nm; p = 0.046), TQ200 (MM = 114.76 ± 26.79 vs. OM = 91.56 ± 28.10 Nm; p = 0.031), and IMP100-200 (MM = 4.79 ± 1.11 vs. OM = 3.83 ± 1.17 Nm·s; p = 0.032) were lower in OM. PT, TQ50, RTD0-50, IMP0-50, RTD100-200, RER, CSA, and EI were similar between groups (p > 0.05). No differences were found for normalized torque variables (p > 0.05). EI was moderately associated with normalized torque parameters only (r = -0.38 –-0.45). RER, at 75 ms, was moderately correlated with early, absolute torque measures and rapid torque variables made relative to PT and CSA (r = 0.41 –-0.64). Conclusion Late rapid torque parameters of the PFs were preferentially impaired in OM compared to MM, and PT as well as CSA appeared to mediate this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A. Olmos
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Stratton
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Phuong L. Ha
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E. Dalton
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gerald T. Mangine
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Micah J. Poisal
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Jones
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tyler M. Smith
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Garrett M. Hester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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