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Dalton BE, Mazara N, Debenham MIB, Zwambag DP, Noonan AM, Weersink E, Brown SHM, Power GA. The relationship between single muscle fibre and voluntary rate of force development in young and old males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:821-832. [PMID: 36484861 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is suggested that the early phase (< 50 ms) of force development during a muscle contraction is associated with intrinsic contractile properties, while the late phase (> 50 ms) is associated with maximal force. There are no direct investigations of single muscle fibre rate of force development (RFD) as related to joint-level RFD METHODS: Sixteen healthy, young (n = 8; 26.4 ± 1.5 yrs) and old (n = 8; 70.1 ± 2.8 yrs) males performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) and electrically evoked twitches of the knee extensors to assess RFD. Then, percutaneous muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis and chemically permeabilized, to assess single fibre function. RESULTS At the joint level, older males were ~ 30% weaker and had ~ 43% and ~ 40% lower voluntary RFD values at 0-100 and 0-200 ms, respectively, than the younger ones (p ≤ 0.05). MVC torque was related to every voluntary RFD epoch in the young (p ≤ 0.001), but only the 0-200 ms epoch in the old (p ≤ 0.005). Twitch RFD was ~ 32% lower in the old compared to young (p < 0.05). There was a strong positive relationship between twitch RFD and voluntary RFD during the earliest time epochs in the young (≤ 100 ms; p ≤ 0.01). While single fibre RFD was unrelated to joint-level RFD in the young, older adults trended (p = 0.052-0.055) towards significant relationships between joint-level RTD and Type I single fibre RFD at the 0-30 ms (r2 = 0.48) and 0-50 ms (r2 = 0.49) time epochs. CONCLUSION Electrically evoked twitches are good predictors of early voluntary RFD in young, but not older adults. Only the older adults showed a potential relationship between single fibre (Type I) and joint-level rate of force development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Dalton
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Mazara
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mathew I B Debenham
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Derek P Zwambag
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alex M Noonan
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Weersink
- Sports Medicine Clinic, Health and Performance Centre, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Muilwijk D, de Poel E, van Mourik P, Suen S, Vonk A, Brunsveld J, Kruisselbrink E, Oppelaar H, Hagemeijer M, Berkers G, de Winter-de Groot K, Michel S, Jans S, van Panhuis H, van der Eerden M, van der Meer R, Roukema J, Dompeling E, Weersink E, Koppelman G, Vries R, Zomer-van Ommen D, Eijkemans R, van der Ent C, Beekman J. 665: Forskolin-induced intestinal organoid swelling predicts long-term cystic fibrosis disease progression. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)02088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fenn D, Abdel-Aziz MI, Brinkman P, Kos R, Neerincx AH, Altenburg J, Weersink E, Haarman EG, Terheggen-Lagro SWJ, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Bos LDJ. Comparison of microbial composition of cough swabs and sputum for pathogen detection in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:52-60. [PMID: 34548223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the continued advancement of CFTR modulator therapies there is likely to be a burgeoning population of adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients unable to expectorate sputum. Consequently, the detection and surveillance of pulmonary colonisation, previously reliant on sputum culture, needs re-examining. We hypothesised that cough swabs analysed with culture-independent analysis of the 16S gene could serve as a surrogate for colonisation of the lower airways. METHODS Cough swabs and sputum samples were prospectively collected from consecutive adults and children with CF across two sites at regular outpatient appointments. Conventional culture analysis and next generation sequencing were used to compare paired same day samples. RESULTS Twenty-two adults and 8 paediatric patients provided 75 paired cough swabs and sputum samples. Alpha diversity measures showed increased bacterial richness in sputum, while evenness and Simpson's diveristy index were higher in cough swabs. Within each sampling technique, microbial composition showed greater similarity when considering intra-patient variation. Poor concordance was observed between culture independent cough swabs and culture dependent/independent sputum analysis for specific pathogens, with cough swabs unable to accurately identify commonly associated CF pathogens (AUROCC range: 0.51 to 0.64). CONCLUSION Culture independent analysis of cough swabs provides an inaccurate diagnosis of lower respiratory tract colonisation and should not be used as a diagnostic test in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Fenn
- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renate Kos
- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne H Neerincx
- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josje Altenburg
- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Weersink
- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric G Haarman
- Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne W J Terheggen-Lagro
- Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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- Department of respiratory medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Noonan AM, Zwambag DP, Mazara N, Weersink E, Power GA, Brown SHM. Fiber Type and Size as Sources of Variation in Human Single Muscle Fiber Passive Elasticity. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1084261. [PMID: 32494817 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies on single muscle fiber passive material properties often report relatively large variation in elastic modulus (or normalized stiffness), and it is not clear where this variation arises. This study was designed to determine if the stiffness, normalized to both fiber cross-sectional area and length, is inherently different between types 1 and 2 muscle fibers. Vastus lateralis fibers (n = 93), from ten young men, were mechanically tested using a cumulative stretch-relaxation protocol. SDS-PAGE classified fibers as types 1 or 2. While there was a difference in normalized stiffness between fiber types (p = 0.0019), an unexpected inverse relationship was found between fiber diameter and normalized stiffness (r = -0.64; p < 0.001). As fiber type and diameter are not independent, a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) including fiber diameter as a covariate was run; this eliminated the effect of fiber type on normalized stiffness (p = 0.1935). To further explore the relationship between fiber size and elastic properties, we tested whether stiffness was linearly related to fiber cross-sectional area, as would be expected for a homogenous material. Passive stiffness was not linearly related to fiber area (p < 0.001), which can occur if single muscle fibers are better represented as composite materials. The rule of mixtures for composite materials was used to explore whether the presence of a stiff perimeter-based fiber component could explain the observed results. The model (R2 = 0.38) predicted a perimeter-based normalized stiffness of 8800 ± 2600 kPa/μm, which is within the range of basement membrane moduli reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Noonan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Derek P Zwambag
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Mazara
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erin Weersink
- Sports Medicine, Health and Performance Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Pinnell RA, Mashouri P, Mazara N, Weersink E, Brown SH, Power GA. Residual force enhancement and force depression in human single muscle fibres. J Biomech 2019; 91:164-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
The possibility that boron and molybdenum anions can influence sex steroid metabolism by forming complexes with catechol estrogens has been studied in vitro. The formation of 2-methoxyestrone (2-OHE1 2-Me) from 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) was followed by measuring the transfer of the radiolabeled methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine. In the presence of both sodium tetraborate and sodium molybdate using a phosphate buffer medium, the formation of 2-OHE1 2-Me decreased as the anion:2-OHE1 molar ratio was increased. However, the reverse effect was observed when using a tris buffer medium and further investigation showed that phosphate and sulphate also enhanced COMT activity in a tris buffer medium. Boric acid affinity medium, used as a substitute for borate salt, also showed a negative relationship with enzyme activity in a phosphate buffer medium, and inhibition of methylation was more marked than with the free anion. Erythrocytes contain appreciable amounts of COMT, which is mostly responsible for the rapid O-methylation of catechol estrogens in blood. The methylation of a simple catechol compound, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (pyrocatechol) was therefore studied using rat red blood cell lysates. Methylation was inhibited in a concentration-related manner by borate, as found in the studies of 2-OHE1. It is possible that high dietary intakes of boron or molybdenum could regulate the rate of catabolism, or even the metabolic fate of the major estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Beattie
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, U.K
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