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Liu AI, Lee YH, Lu CY, Huda N, Huang TW. Effects of Walking Combined With Resistance Band Exercises on Alleviating Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cancer Nurs 2023:00002820-990000000-00184. [PMID: 37938217 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common symptom, and exercise has shown potential in alleviating CRF. However, there is a need for diverse exercise options tailored to individual patient needs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the overall effects of a combined walking and resistance band exercise intervention in relieving CRF among cancer patients through randomized controlled trials. METHODS Comprehensive searches were conducted in multiple databases to identify relevant studies up until March 2023. Inclusion criteria required the intervention to involve walking combined with elastic band training, with a clear exercise protocol description. The primary outcome was CRF, and secondary outcomes included walking steps, distance, mood distress, and quality of life. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Ten trials were included. The intervention group showed significant improvements in CRF (SMD, -0.40; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.20), mood distress (SMD, -0.30; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.07), and daily walking steps (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.07-0.96) compared with the control group. Although the 6-Minute Walk Test and quality of life did not show significant differences, a trend toward improvement was observed in the intervention group. Adverse events related to the intervention were infrequent. CONCLUSION A combined walking and resistance band exercise intervention can effectively alleviate CRF and improve mood distress and daily walking steps among cancer patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This exercise option may provide an additional strategy to manage CRF. Further research is needed to explore the optimal exercise prescription for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-I Liu
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University (Ms Liu and Dr Huang); School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (Dr Lee); Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital (Dr. Lee); and Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University (Ms Lu and Dr Huang), Taipei, Taiwan; Nursing Faculty, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia (Dr Huda); and Cochrane Taiwan and Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (Dr Huang)
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Henriques L, Ekkekakis P, Bastos V, Rodrigues F, Monteiro D, Teixeira DS. Affective responses to stretching exercises: Exploring the timing of assessments. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 69:102490. [PMID: 37665925 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Affective responses during exercise have been identified as a predictor of exercise adherence. However, research has been mostly limited to aerobic and resistance exercise. Considering that stretching activities are also an important component of physical fitness, this quasi-experimental study was designed to: 1) compare affective responses during and immediately after stretching exercises in apparently healthy adults, and 2) assess the consistency and repeatability of affect ratings obtained one week apart. For this purpose, we analyzed the Feeling Scale (FS) and Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) ratings using Time (during and after stretching) x Intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) x Stretched Muscle Group (quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, latissimus dorsi, triceps) with repeated measures analysis of variance (ANCOVA) in 34 participants (21 males; aged 32.8 ± 8.6 years). The repeatability of FS and FAS ratings was assessed using two-way random-effects models, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. FS scores were higher following the stretching exercises, whereas FAS scores were lower, particularly in the vigorous intensity. In general, the inter-day repeatability for FS and FAS measurements was good across muscle groups. ICC tended to be higher at vigorous intensities. Ratings of core affect can be collected during static passive stretches using the FAS and FAS in ecologically valid settings. These results suggest that an adequate assessment of core affective responses to stretching activities should be performed during the exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Henriques
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Vasco Bastos
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS - Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal; Research Center in Quality of Life (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS - Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal; Research Center in Quality of Life (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal; Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo S Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal.
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Hutchinson MJ, Paulson TAW, Leicht CA, Bennett H, Eston R, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Oxygen uptake and heart rate responses to 4 weeks of RPE-guided handcycle training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1965-1973. [PMID: 37119361 PMCID: PMC10460742 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) to prescribe and regulate a 4-week handcycle training intervention. METHODS Thirty active adults, untrained in upper body endurance exercise, were divided into three groups to complete a 4-week intervention: (i) RPE-guided training (n = 10; 2 female), (ii) power output (PO)-guided (n = 10; 2 female) training, or (iii) non-training control (n = 10; 4 female). Training groups performed three sessions of handcycling each week. Oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), heart rate (HR), and Feeling Scale (FS) rating were collected during training sessions. RPE-guided training was performed at RPE 13. PO-guided training was matched for percentage of peak PO per session, based upon that achieved by the RPE-guided training group. RESULTS There were no differences in percentage of peak [Formula: see text] (66 ± 13% vs 61 ± 9%, p = 0.22), peak HR (75 ± 8% vs 71 ± 6%, p = 0.11) or FS rating (1.2 ± 1.9 vs 0.8 ± 1.6, p = 0.48) between RPE- and PO-guided training, respectively. The average coefficient of variation in percentage of peak HR between consecutive training sessions was 2.8% during RPE-guided training, and 3.4% during PO-guided training. CONCLUSION Moderate-vigorous intensity handcycling exercise can be prescribed effectively using RPE across a chronic training intervention, suggesting utility for practitioners in a variety of rehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hutchinson
- British Paralympic Association, London, UK
- Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Christof A Leicht
- Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Hunter Bennett
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Roger Eston
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Valenzuela LO, O'Grady SP, Ehleringer JR. Variations in human body water isotope composition across the United States. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 327:110990. [PMID: 34500129 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurate human provenancing using stable isotopes depends directly on solid understandings of the geographic and individual factors affecting isotope variability and incorporation into human tissues. Transfer of isotopic, and therefore spatial, information between environmental water and biological tissues is mediated by the isotopic composition of body water. Thus, there is a need to study body water isotope ratios at a population level and over a large isotopic and geographic range. We evaluated oxygen (δ18Obw) and hydrogen (δ2Hbw) isotope values of body water from 72 volunteers in 10 different cities across the US, and over a 5-10-day period. We analyzed covariates (e.g., water intake, physical activity, biometrics, gender) that might explain individual stable isotope ratio variations and tested a predictive model that incorporates the δ-values of drinking water, food, and O2 as well as individual variables to predict the δ-values of body water. The individual variability in body water isotope values overtime (mean 0.3‰ for δ18Obw and 2.3‰ for δ2Hbw) was lower than the intra-city variability (mean 0.9‰ for δ18Obw and 6.9‰ for δ2Hbw). Body water isotope values differed among cities (ANOVA: δ18ObwF = 97.2, p < 0.001; δ2HbwF = 176.2, p < 0.001). However, significant overlap among some cities with different drinking water was discovered. We detected significant covariation of measured drinking water and human body water isotope values (both isotope systems R2 ≥ 0.89, p < 0.001) and small but significant effects of the average daily exercise and amount of fluid intake. The differences between measured and model-predicted body water values (mean 0.12 ± 1.2‰ for Δδ18O and -1.2 ± 8.2‰ for Δδ2H) were statistically indistinguishable from zero (Δδ18O t = -0.751, p = 0.45; Δδ2H t = 1.133, p = 0.26). Here we show that community level variation exists in the δ18Obw and δ2Hbw values and the primary drivers are the regional differences in drinking water isotopes. Consistency of the body water isotope composition over the study period suggests that tissues would incorporate a stable isotope signal over time. The amount of drinking water and physical activity influence body water values, while the variation in the isotopic values of food may contribute to regional level variability, but that still remains to be assessed further. The human body water model provides accurate estimates for measured values, capturing and reproducing the main features of the body water isotope variation across space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano O Valenzuela
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (LEEH), Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequén, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Argentina; School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, USA.
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Yuan Y, Zhang N, Xie C, Liang J, Qi Y, Dong B, Lin L, Tian L. Effects of home-based walking on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:342-352. [PMID: 34302791 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to critically evaluate the effect of home-based walking on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in patients with breast cancer receiving anti-cancer treatment. DATA SOURCES Eight databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) without language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers scanned the titles and abstracts, and then read the full texts of potentially eligible trials to screen the literature. Inclusion criteria were studies of home-based walking (HBW) intervention in adult breast cancer patients, and used fatigue as a primary or secondary outcome and containing extractable fatigue scores. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers critically and independently assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane Collaboration criteria and extracted correlated data using the designed extraction form. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used when the outcome assessment tools were different. All of the analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. DATA SYNTHESIS Eight RCTs, including 764 patients (HBW: 377, control: 387) meeting the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis were identified. HBW had a significant effect on CRF in breast cancer (BC) patients receiving multiple anti-cancer treatments [SMD = -0.61, 95% CI (-0.86, -0.36), p<0.001]. HBW without other exercises [SMD = -0.83, 95% CI (-1.39, -0.27), p = 0.003], walking for a gradually increased duration [SMD = -1.24, 95% CI (-2.20, -0.28), p = 0.010] and no restrictions on walking intensity [SMD = -1.03, 95% CI (-1.75, -0.31), p = 0.005] demonstrated substantial effects on CRF. Of the eight included studies, only three reported adverse events. CONCLUSIONS HBW can be considered as an alternative therapy for relieving CRF in breast cancer patients undergoing anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China; School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyan Xie
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yishu Qi
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Dong
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China; School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China; School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China.
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Teixeira DS, Rodrigues F, Machado S, Cid L, Monteiro D. Did You Enjoy It? The Role of Intensity-Trait Preference/Tolerance in Basic Psychological Needs and Exercise Enjoyment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:682480. [PMID: 34177737 PMCID: PMC8222508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting exercise regimens that aim at enhancing the quality of individuals’ subjective exercise experience can be challenging. Given the recent theoretical contributions regarding the possible interaction of exercise intensity-traits and several motivational variables, as well as their potential value for exercise adherence, the objective of this study was to examine the mediation role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity and enjoyment. This cross-sectional study comprised a total of 160 exercisers (Mage = 34.12, SD = 9.23, 73 males) enrolled in several health clubs. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 23.0/PROCESS v. 3.4. The results indicate that intensity-traits presented positive associations with enjoyment, and negative associations with all of needs frustration variables. A mediation role of needs frustration emerged in the intensity-traits and enjoyment associations that was analyzed according to relatable theoretical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo S Teixeira
- Universidade Lusófona, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lisbon, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Cid
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,ESECS - Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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Epstein LH, O'Donnell S, Biondolillo MJ, Hostler D, Roemmich JN. Comparing the reinforcing value of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise in sedentary adults. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113468. [PMID: 34033846 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is a reinforcer for both animals and humans, as they will work progressively harder to gain access for the opportunity to exercise. Exercise activates brain reward pathways similar to drugs of abuse, and the magnitude of the reinforcing value of exercise is a predictor of exercise behavior. The majority of research on exercise reinforcement has studied moderate intensity aerobic exercise (MIAE) or resistance training. There is limited research on the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of high intensity interval training (HIIT), which is often reported to be a preferred form of exercise in comparison to MIAE. Experiment 1 was a pilot study of 20 sedentary females designed to compare the reliability of differences in RRVHIIT vs RRVMIAE over two sessions, assess protocols comparing different volumes of HIIT in comparison to MIAE, and estimate sample sizes needed for a fully powered study to assess which type of exercise protocol was a better substitute for a highly liked sedentary activity. Experiment 2 studied 44 participants to assess whether HIIT or MIAE would be better substitutes for highly liked sedentary activities. Experiment 1 showed that measures of RRVHIIT or RRVMIAE were reliable, and that volume of HIIT did not influence RRVHIIT, even if it was of equal amount or duration to MIAE. Experiment 2 showed that HIIT was a more preferred substitute for sedentary behaviors than MIAE. Predictors of RRVMIAE were liking of MIAE and pleasantness of affect post MIAE. These results suggest inactive people may find interval training to be more reinforcing than MIAE, and may be more likely to adopt and maintain an exercise program involving HIIT rather than MIAE. The next stage of research should be to understand how to sensitize the RRV of exercise to motivate sedentary people to be more active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard H Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Sara O'Donnell
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mathew J Biondolillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - David Hostler
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - James N Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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Preference for and tolerance of the intensity of exercise questionnaire (PRETIE-Q): validity, reliability and gender invariance in Portuguese health club exercisers. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ávila-Gandía V, Sánchez-Macarro M, Luque-Rubia A, García-Sánchez E, Cánovas F, López-Santiago A, López-Román FJ. High versus Low-Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Program as an Adjunct to Antihypertensive Medication: A Pilot Clinical Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040291. [PMID: 33920194 PMCID: PMC8069909 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this pilot clinical study we investigated the effect on blood pressure (BP) of two community-based exercise training programs of high (HIT) vs. low-moderate intensity (LMIT) in hypertensive individuals receiving at least one antihypertensive drug. METHODS The study included two phases of physical exercises based on 1-h session, 3 days/week for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively, separately by a 7-week resting period. Each phase was preceded by a four-week conditioning training period. According to the average maximal heart rate at baseline, participants were randomized to HIT (80-90%), LMIT (50-70%) or no-exercise (control). Heart rate was monitored during workout and BP profiles were registered by ambulatory BP monitoring at the beginning and end of each phase. RESULTS Of 60 individuals randomized, 44 completed the study (HIT, n = 10; LMIT, n = 16; controls, n = 18). BP levels were significantly reduced after the second phase for both LMIT (SBP -3.1 mmHg, DBP -2.4 mmHg) and HIT (SBP -10.8 mmHg, DBP -8.3 mmHg). Similar levels of improvement were also found in daytime and night-time BP. Mean attendance of the prescribed training sessions was 87.4 ± 6.2% for HIT and 87.4 ± 5.3% for LMIT during the first phase and 84.1 ± 5.0% and 85.2 ± 5.9% during the second phase, respectively (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Both HIT and LMIT exercise training programs reduced BP but the HIT modality showed a lower rate of compliance with proposed training schedule. Intensity of training should be individually prescribed to improve tolerance to more high intensity exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maravillas Sánchez-Macarro
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Antonio Luque-Rubia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Esther García-Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Invetigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Fernando Cánovas
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | | | - Francisco Javier López-Román
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Primary Care Research GroupBiomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB–Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Patterson MS, Heinrich KM, Prochnow T, Graves-Boswell T, Spadine MN. Network Analysis of the Social Environment Relative to Preference for and Tolerance of Exercise Intensity in CrossFit Gyms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8370. [PMID: 33198213 PMCID: PMC7698103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Known for its ability to improve fitness and health, high-intensity functional training (HIFT) focuses on functional movements completed at high intensities, often yielding outcomes superior to repetitive aerobic workouts. Preference for and tolerance of high-intensity exercise are associated with enjoyment of and adherence to HIFT. Similarly, the social environment present within CrossFit, a popular group-based HIFT modality, is important to the enjoyment of and adherence to HIFT. This study aimed to test whether preference and tolerance were related to social connections within CrossFit networks. Linear network autocorrelation models (LNAMs) and exponential random graph models (ERGMs) were computed on sociometric and attribute data from members of three CrossFit networks (n = 197). LNAMs showed the preference and tolerance scores of someone's social connections were associated with their own in all three gyms, and ERGMs demonstrated preference and tolerance scores were associated with the presence of social ties within all networks. This study is the first to provide evidence for a relationship between social connections and preference and tolerance. Future longitudinal research is needed to determine if the social environment may influence and optimize a person's preference of and tolerance for HIFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S. Patterson
- College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.G.-B.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Tyler Prochnow
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
| | - Taylor Graves-Boswell
- College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.G.-B.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Mandy N. Spadine
- College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.G.-B.); (M.N.S.)
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García-Sánchez E, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ávila-Gandía V, López-Román FJ, Menarguez-Puche JF. Effects of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs on Adherence, Cardiometabolic Markers, and Body Composition in Older People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040176. [PMID: 33081361 PMCID: PMC7711811 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally, and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) are major behavioral risk factors. Therefore, community-based programs are being designed based on the prescription of physical exercise from primary care centers to improve people’s health through changes in lifestyle. The objective was to compare the effects of two types of community exercise on adherence, lipid profile, body composition and blood pressure. A prospective observational cohort study was designed with two cohorts of study depending on the duration and type of physical exercise program performed. Fifty-one participants (82.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they carried out a short-term, non-individualized exercise program (3 months), and 42 participants (71.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they conducted a long-term, individualized exercise program (6 months). The results suggest that participants who carried out the longer program with an individualized progression produced greater adherence to physical exercise and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. In addition, LDL and insulin levels decreased in both groups. Therefore, our results suggest that a longer duration and individualized evolution of the loads of a community exercise program lead to higher levels of physical activity (PA) and improvements diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitaria de la Región de Murcia (FFIS), Calle Luis Fontes Pagán 9, 1ª planta, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-9106-77964
| | - Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Sports Physiology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - F. Javier López-Román
- Sports Physiology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F. Menarguez-Puche
- Primary Care Health Center, Jesús Marín, Calle Enrique Bernal Capel, 4, Molina de Segura, 30500 Murcia, Spain;
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Bradley C, Niven A, Phillips SM. Self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise influences affective responses to and intentions to engage with high-intensity interval exercise. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1472-1480. [PMID: 30694110 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1570590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise on affective responses to, self-efficacy for and intention to repeat low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Thirty-six healthy participants (mean age 21 ± 2 years) were split into high tolerance (HT; n = 19), low tolerance (LT; n = 9), and very low tolerance (VLT; n = 8) of exercise intensity groups. Participants completed 10 × 6 s cycle sprints with 60 s recovery. Affective valence and perceived activation were measured before exercise, after sprints 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 20 min post-HIIE. Intention and self-efficacy were assessed 20 min post-HIIE. Affective valence was significantly lower in VLT vs. LT (P = 0.034, d = 1.01-1.14) and HT (P = 0.018, d = 1.34-1.70). Circumplex profiles showed a negative affective state in VLT only. The VLT group had lower intentions to repeat HIIE once and three times per week than HT (P < 0.001, d = 1.87 and 1.81, respectively) and LT (P = 0.107, d = 0.85; P = 0.295, d = 0.53, respectively). Self-efficacy was not influenced by tolerance. Self-reported tolerance of exercise intensity influences affective responses to and intentions to engage with HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bradley
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Education, and Health Sciences , University of Edinburgh , Scotland
| | - Ailsa Niven
- b Physical Activity for Health Research Centre , University of Edinburgh , Scotland
| | - Shaun M Phillips
- c Human Performance Science Research Group , University of Edinburgh , Scotland
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Jones L, Hutchinson JC, Mullin EM. In the Zone: An Exploration of Personal Characteristics Underlying Affective Responses to Heavy Exercise. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 40:249-258. [PMID: 30380980 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2017-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Positive affective responses to exercise have been linked to longer-term adherence. The dual-mode model indicates that affective responses during heavy exercise (between the ventilatory threshold and the respiratory compensation point) are subject to interindividual variability (zone of response variability). Participants (N = 48) completed measures to assess personal characteristics prior to a graded exercise test. Responses to the Feeling Scale were recorded during the graded exercise test and subsequently used to group participants as either negative responders or neutral/positive responders to heavy exercise. Discriminant function analysis was applied, and a significant weighted linear composite predicted affective response. Preference for exercise intensity and sex were significant predictors (p = .003). Negative responders had lower preference scores and were more likely to be men. The combination of these two variables successfully predicted group membership 71% of the time. Individual differences appear relevant when examining affective responses to heavy exercise.
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Vera J, Perales JC, Jiménez R, Cárdenas D. A test-retest assessment of the effects of mental load on ratings of affect, arousal and perceived exertion during submaximal cycling. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2521-2530. [PMID: 29688118 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1466848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the effects of mental (i.e. executive) load during a dual physical-mental task on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, and arousal. The protocol included two dual tasks with matched physical demands but different executive demands (2-back and oddball), carried out on different days. The procedure was run twice to assess the sensitivity and stability of RPE, valence and arousal across the two trials. Linear mixed-effects analyses showed less positive valence (-0.44 points on average in a 1-9 scale; Rβ2 = 0.074 [CI90%, 0.052-0.098]), and heightened arousal (+0.13 points on average in a 1-9 scale; Rβ2 = 0.006 [CI90%, 0.001-0.015]), for the high executive load condition, but showed no effect of mental load on RPE. Separated analyses for the two task trials yielded best-fitting models that were identical across trials for RPE and valence, but not for arousal. Model fitting was improved by assuming a 1-level autoregressive covariance structure for all analyses. In conclusion, executive load during a dual physical-mental task modulates the emotional response to effort, but not RPE. The autoregressive covariance suggests that people tend to anchor estimates on prior ones, which imposes certain limits on scales' usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Vera
- a Department of Optics, Faculty of Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Mixed University Sport and Health Institute (iMUDS) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - José C Perales
- c Department of Experimental Psychology , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,d Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- a Department of Optics, Faculty of Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - David Cárdenas
- b Mixed University Sport and Health Institute (iMUDS) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,e Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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Tempest GD, Parfitt G. Prefrontal oxygenation and the acoustic startle eyeblink response during exercise: A test of the dual-mode model. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1070-1080. [PMID: 28370024 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between the prefrontal cortex and amygdala is proposed to explain the regulation of affective responses (pleasure/displeasure) during exercise as outlined in the dual-mode model. However, due to methodological limitations the dual-mode model has not been fully tested. In this study, prefrontal oxygenation (using near-infrared spectroscopy) and amygdala activity (reflected by eyeblink amplitude using acoustic startle methodology) were recorded during exercise standardized to metabolic processes: 80% of ventilatory threshold (below VT), at the VT, and at the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise was assessed prior to, and affective responses recorded during exercise. The results revealed that, as the intensity of exercise became more challenging (from below VT to RCP), prefrontal oxygenation was larger and eyeblink amplitude and affective responses were reduced. Below VT and at VT, larger prefrontal oxygenation was associated with larger eyeblink amplitude. At the RCP, prefrontal oxygenation was greater in the left than right hemisphere, and eyeblink amplitude explained significant variance in affective responses (with prefrontal oxygenation) and self-reported tolerance. These findings highlight the role of the prefrontal cortex and potentially the amygdala in the regulation of affective (particularly negative) responses during exercise at physiologically challenging intensities (above VT). In addition, a psychophysiological basis of self-reported tolerance is indicated. This study provides some support of the dual-mode model and insight into the neural basis of affective responses during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Tempest
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Nice, France
| | - Gaynor Parfitt
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Carlier M, Delevoye-Turrell Y. Tolerance to exercise intensity modulates pleasure when exercising in music: The upsides of acoustic energy for High Tolerant individuals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170383. [PMID: 28248980 PMCID: PMC5331955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate physical activity can be experienced by some as pleasurable and by others as discouraging. This may be why many people lack sufficient motivation to participate in the recommended 150 minutes of moderately intense exercise per week. In the present study, we assessed how pleasure and enjoyment were modulated differently by one's tolerance to self-paced physical activity. Sixty-three healthy individuals were allocated to three independent experimental conditions: a resting condition (watching TV), a cycling in silence condition, and a cycling in music condition. The tolerance threshold was assessed using the PRETIE-Questionnaire. Physical activity consisted in cycling during 30 minutes, at an intensity perceived as "somewhat difficult" on the Ratings of Perceived Exertion Scale. While controlling for self-reported physical activity level, results revealed that for the same perception of exertion and a similar level of enjoyment, the High Tolerance group produced more power output than the Low Tolerance group. There was a positive effect of music for High Tolerant individuals only, with music inducing greater power output and more pleasure. There was an effect of music on heart rate frequency in the Low Tolerant individuals without benefits in power output or pleasure. Our results suggest that for Low Tolerant individuals, energizing environments can interfere with the promised (positive) distracting effects of music. Hence, tolerance to physical effort must be taken into account to conceive training sessions that seek to use distracting methods as means to sustain pleasurable exercising over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauraine Carlier
- SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, Department of psychology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yvonne Delevoye-Turrell
- SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, Department of psychology, University of Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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Self-reported tolerance influences prefrontal cortex hemodynamics and affective responses. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:63-71. [PMID: 26337703 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cognitive and sensory processes in the brain contributes to the regulation of affective responses (pleasure-displeasure). Exercise can be used to manipulate sensory processes (by increasing physiological demand) in order to examine the role of dispositional traits that may influence an individual's ability to cognitively regulate these responses. With the use of near infrared spectroscopy, in this study we examined the influence of self-reported tolerance upon prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamics and affective responses. The hemodynamic response was measured in individuals with high or low tolerance during an incremental exercise test. Sensory manipulation was standardized against metabolic processes (ventilatory threshold [VT] and respiratory compensation point [RCP]), and affective responses were recorded. The results showed that the high-tolerance group displayed a larger hemodynamic response within the right PFC above VT (which increased above RCP). The low-tolerance group showed a larger hemodynamic response within the left PFC above VT. The high-tolerance group reported a more positive/less negative affective response above VT. These findings provide direct neurophysiological evidence of differential hemodynamic responses within the PFC that are associated with tolerance in the presence of increased physiological demands. This study supports the role of dispositional traits and previous theorizing into the underlying mechanisms (cognitive vs. sensory processes) of affective responses.
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Frazão DT, de Farias Junior LF, Dantas TCB, Krinski K, Elsangedy HM, Prestes J, Hardcastle SJ, Costa EC. Feeling of Pleasure to High-Intensity Interval Exercise Is Dependent of the Number of Work Bouts and Physical Activity Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152752. [PMID: 27028191 PMCID: PMC4814045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the affective responses during a single bout of a low-volume HIIE in active and insufficiently active men. Materials and methods Fifty-eight men (aged 25.3 ± 3.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study: i) active (n = 29) and ii) insufficiently active (n = 29). Each subject undertook i) initial screening and physical evaluation, ii) maximal exercise test, and iii) a single bout of a low-volume HIIE. The HIIE protocol consisted of 10 x 60s work bouts at 90% of maximal treadmill velocity (MTV) interspersed with 60s of active recovery at 30% of MTV. Affective responses (Feeling Scale, -5/+5), rating of perceived exertion (Borg’s RPE, 6–20), and heart rate (HR) were recorded during the last 10s of each work bout. A two-factor mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA, independent-samples t test, and chi-squared test were used to data analysis. Results There were similar positive affective responses to the first three work bouts between insufficiently active and active men (p > 0.05). However, insufficiently active group displayed lower affective responses over time (work bout 4 to 10) than the active group (p < 0.01). Also, the insufficiently active group displayed lower values of mean, lowest, and highest affective response, as well as lower values of affective response at the highest RPE than the active group (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the RPE and HR between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Insufficiently active and active men report feelings of pleasure to few work bouts (i.e., 3–4) during low-volume HIIE, while the affective responses become more unpleasant over time for insufficiently active subjects. Investigations on the effects of low-volume HIIE protocols including a fewer number of work bouts on health status and fitness of less active subjects would be interesting, especially in the first training weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danniel Thiago Frazão
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kleverton Krinski
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Sarah J. Hardcastle
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Smith AE, Eston R, Tempest GD, Norton B, Parfitt G. Patterning of physiological and affective responses in older active adults during a maximal graded exercise test and self-selected exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1855-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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