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Kassiano W, Costa BDDV, Kunevaliki G, Lisboa F, Tricoli I, Francsuel J, Lima L, Stavinski N, Cyrino ES. Bigger Calves from Doing Higher Resistance Training Volume? Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:739-747. [PMID: 38684187 DOI: 10.1055/a-2316-7885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
We compared the effects of different weekly calf training sets on muscle size changes. Sixty-one untrained young women performed a calf training program for 6 weeks, 3 d·wk-1, with differences in resistance training volume. The participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: 6-SET, 9-SET, and 12-SET weekly calf training sets. The calf raise exercise was performed in sets of 15-20 repetitions maximum. The muscle thickness measurements of medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and soleus (SOL) were taken via B-mode ultrasound. We used the sum of the three-muscle thickness as a proxy for the triceps surae (TSSUM). The 12-SET group elicited greater increases than the 6-SET in LG (6-SET=+ 8.1% vs. 12-SET=+ 14.3%; P=0.017), SOL (6-SET=+ 6.7% vs. 12-SET=+ 12.7%; P=0.024), and TSSUM (6-SET=+ 6.9% vs. 12-SET=+ 12.0%; P=0.005), but there was no significant difference in MG changes (6-SET=+ 6.6% vs. 12-SET=+ 9.9%; P=0.067). There were no significant differences when comparing 9-SET vs. 6-SET and 12-SET (P≥0.099). Although all groups experienced calf muscle hypertrophy, our results suggest that the higher dose range may optimize triceps surae muscle size gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Centre of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Kunevaliki
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Centre of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lisboa
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Centre of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ian Tricoli
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Centre of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jarlisson Francsuel
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Centre of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luis Lima
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Centre of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Natã Stavinski
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Centre of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Centre of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Brazil
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Kamarunas E, Murray K, Drulia T, Szynkiewicz S, Griffin L, Mulheren R. Biofeedback and Exercise Load Affect Accuracy of Tongue Strength Exercise Performance. Dysphagia 2024:10.1007/s00455-024-10751-w. [PMID: 39154305 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-024-10751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Rehabilitative exercises require precise movement coordination and target accuracy for optimal effectiveness. This paper explores the impact of tongue strength exercises (TSE) performance accuracy on exercise outcomes, adherence, and participant confidence and motivation. An 8-week randomized clinical trial included 84 typically aging participants divided into four groups defined by access to biofeedback (present/absent) and TSE intensity dosing (maximal/submaximal) during a home exercise program (HEP). Retention, training, and HEP accuracy were tracked at biweekly visits and during HEP for participants with access to a biofeedback device. Associations with tongue strength outcomes, participant factors, biofeedback, and intensity dosing were analyzed. Exercise accuracy measures did not contribute to tongue strength outcomes at the end of 8 weeks. Increased training accuracy (less practice required to achieve competency) was associated with higher participant confidence and better adherence to the HEP. The presence of biofeedback was associated with reduced adherence but better retention accuracy, while maximal intensity was associated with improvements in all accuracy measures compared to submaximal intensity exercise. These findings in typically aging participants suggest the need for tailored approaches in swallowing-related exercise programs, given the effects of biofeedback and exercise intensity on motor learning and exercise retention. Accuracy performance and its effect on clinical outcomes warrants study in clinical populations with dysphagia and with various rehabilitative approaches.Trial Registration Clincialtrials.gov: NCT04809558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Kamarunas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, 235 MLK Jr. Way, MSC 4304, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
| | - Kelsey Murray
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, 235 MLK Jr. Way, MSC 4304, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Teresa Drulia
- Davies School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Szynkiewicz
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lindsay Griffin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Emerson College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Mulheren
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Coleman M, Linières J, Thery C, Gautier A, Daste C, Rannou F, Nguyen C, Lefèvre-Colau MM, Rören A. Changes in isokinetic trunk muscle strength and endurance after two different restoration programs in people with chronic low back pain: A longitudinal retrospective study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34914. [PMID: 39145024 PMCID: PMC11320202 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multidisciplinary functional restoration programs (FRPs) aim to improve pain and function in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP). The intensity and content of FRPs varies; the benefits of one program over another are unclear. Objective To assess changes in trunk muscle strength and endurance after an intensive (IFRP) (for people on sick leave for >6 months with high levels of fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity and work) or semi-intensive (SIFRP) (for people working) FRP in people with CLBP. Methods Longitudinal retrospective study from March 2016 to December 2019. Setting: rehabilitation department of a tertiary care center. Trunk flexor and extensor muscle strength (60°.s-1) and endurance (120°.s-1) were measured with the Humac NORM isokinetic dynamometer at pre and post FRP. Change in isokinetic variables (peak torque, total work and flexor/extensor ratio) after each program was assessed with a paired t-test (p < 0.05). Pearson's rho and multiple linear regression assessed associations between changes in isokinetic and clinical variables and demographic characteristics. Results 125 individuals, 63.2 % female, age 43.5 (10.3) years, were included. Mean low back pain intensity was 49.8 (24.9) and 37.2 (25.8)/100 and mean activity limitation (QBPDS) was 38.8 (16.4) and 32.0 (14.6)/100 in the IFRP and SFRP groups, respectively. Trunk extensor peak torque, flexor total work, extensor total work and flexor/extensor peak ratio improved significantly in both FRPs, p < 0.001. The flexor/extensor total work ratio improved in the IFRP group only, p = 0.003. Trunk extensor endurance increased more in the IFRP than the SIFRP group, the absolute pre-post differences for extensor total work [95%CI] N.m were 611.7 [495.2; 728.3] in the IFRP group and 380.0 [300.8; 459.3] in the SIFRP group. No variables were correlated and none predicted improvement in extensor total work in either group. Conclusion This study highlights the short-term independence of clinical and trunk muscle strength and endurance changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Coleman
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris (URP 3625), F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Linières
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Camille Thery
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Gautier
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Camille Daste
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75004, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Handicap et l’Autonomie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - François Rannou
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Handicap et l’Autonomie, 75013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Nguyen
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Handicap et l’Autonomie, 75013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Martine Lefèvre-Colau
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75004, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Handicap et l’Autonomie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rören
- AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75004, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Handicap et l’Autonomie, 75013, Paris, France
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Petersson K, Finizia C, Pauli N, Tuomi L. Preventing radiation-induced dysphagia and trismus in head and neck cancer-A randomized controlled trial. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 39091121 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced dysphagia and restricted mouth opening are common problems among patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of the present randomized controlled trial was to determine if an exercise protocol could prevent swallowing and mouth opening impairment. METHODS Eighty-nine participants were randomly assigned to either an active group performing preventive swallowing and mouth opening exercises (n = 45) or to a control group (n = 44). Outcome measures were collected at baseline before radiotherapy and approximately 1-month post-treatment. Primary endpoints were changes in swallowing function according to the Penetration Aspiration Scale and mouth opening ability measured in millimeters. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. RESULTS Swallowing function and mouth opening deteriorated in both groups, with no statistically significant positive effect of the protocol detected at follow-up. Among patients who completed >75% of exercises, there was a trend toward better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Preventive exercises did not improve short-term swallowing function and mouth opening after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Petersson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caterina Finizia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina Pauli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Tuomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Högsbo Specialist Hospital, Region Västra Götaland SV Hospital group, Gothenburg, Sweden
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da Silva SDCS, Pires FDO, Serra LDLP, Reis CBF, de Abreu LP, Pereira PTVT, Cabido CET, Leite RD. Effects of different resistance training programmings on the relative strength, body composition, anthropometric variables, and metabolic risk of elderly women. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:496-504. [PMID: 38876674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of two different programming models of resistance training (RT) on metabolic risk, anthropometric variables, and relative strength in elderly women. The research was a prospective and comparative longitudinal study with a non-probabilistic random sample. Twenty-two elderly women (64 ± 3 years) was divided into two experimental groups being the Linear programming (LP, n = 12) and Daily undulatory programming (DUP, n = 10), with 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks. Submaximal strength (10RM) was evaluated in the horizontal leg press (HL), pulldown (PD), leg curl (LC), vertical bench press (BP), and leg extension (LE). Anthropometric variables, food intake (R24h) and submaximal strength (10RM) was analyzed. Participants were initially classified as overweight or obese evaluated by body mass index (BMI) and percentual of fat mass (%FM) and with moderate to high risk to develop metabolic diseases evaluated by hip-waist ratio (HWR), waist-height ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). There is no change for metabolic risk and anthropometric variables after the intervention period. There was a significant improvement for relative strength accessed by 10RM and body weight (10RM/BW), and lean body mass (10RM/LBM) (p < 0.05), with large or medium effect size for most of variables after 12 weeks of RT. As a conclusion, both programmings increased relative strength after 12 weeks of RT with attenuated change in body composition and metabolic risk in elderly women in both programming groups and all those strategies can be used in elderly women to improve strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surama do Carmo Souza da Silva
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Science Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Flavio de Oliveira Pires
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Brendo Ferreira Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education of Federal University of Espírito Santo, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Department, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (LAFEX), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Leudyenne Pacheco de Abreu
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Paula Tâmara Vieira Teixeira Pereira
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Science Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Christian Emmanuel Torres Cabido
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Richard Diego Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education of Federal University of Espírito Santo, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Department, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (LAFEX), Vitoria, Brazil
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Nuzzo JL, Pinto MD, Kirk BJC, Nosaka K. Resistance Exercise Minimal Dose Strategies for Increasing Muscle Strength in the General Population: an Overview. Sports Med 2024; 54:1139-1162. [PMID: 38509414 PMCID: PMC11127831 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Many individuals do not participate in resistance exercise, with perceived lack of time being a key barrier. Minimal dose strategies, which generally reduce weekly exercise volumes to less than recommended guidelines, might improve muscle strength with minimal time investment. However, minimal dose strategies and their effects on muscle strength are still unclear. Here our aims are to define and characterize minimal dose resistance exercise strategies and summarize their effects on muscle strength in individuals who are not currently engaged in resistance exercise. The minimal dose strategies overviewed were: "Weekend Warrior," single-set resistance exercise, resistance exercise "snacking," practicing the strength test, and eccentric minimal doses. "Weekend Warrior," which minimizes training frequency, is resistance exercise performed in one weekly session. Single-set resistance exercise, which minimizes set number and session duration, is one set of multiple exercises performed multiple times per week. "Snacks," which minimize exercise number and session duration, are brief bouts (few minutes) of resistance exercise performed once or more daily. Practicing the strength test, which minimizes repetition number and session duration, is one maximal repetition performed in one or more sets, multiple days per week. Eccentric minimal doses, which eliminate or minimize concentric phase muscle actions, are low weekly volumes of submaximal or maximal eccentric-only repetitions. All approaches increase muscle strength, and some approaches improve other outcomes of health and fitness. "Weekend Warrior" and single-set resistance exercise are the approaches most strongly supported by current research, while snacking and eccentric minimal doses are emerging concepts with promising results. Public health programs can promote small volumes of resistance exercise as being better for muscle strength than no resistance exercise at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Matheus D Pinto
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Benjamin J C Kirk
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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7
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Zhang X, Li H, Feng S, Su S. The Effect of Various Training Variables on Developing Muscle Strength in Velocity-based Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:857-864. [PMID: 37196672 DOI: 10.1055/a-2095-8254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Velocity-based training is an advanced auto-regulation method that uses objective indices to dynamically regulate training loads. However, it is unclear currently how to maximize muscle strength with appropriate velocity-based training settings. To fill this gap, we conducted a series of dose-response and subgroup meta-analyses to check the effects of training variables/parameters, such as intensity, velocity loss, set, inter-set rest intervals, frequency, period, and program, on muscle strength in velocity-based training. A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane. One repetition maximum was selected as the outcome to indicate muscle strength. Eventually, twenty-seven studies with 693 trained individuals were included in the analysis. We found that the velocity loss of 15 to 30%, the intensity of 70 to 80%1RM, the set of 3 to 5 per session, the inter-set rest interval of 2 to 4 min, and the period of 7 to 12 weeks could be appropriate settings for developing muscle strength. Three periodical programming models in velocity-based training, including linear programming, undulating programming, and constant programming, were effective for developing muscle strength. Besides, changing periodical programming models around every 9 weeks may help to avoid a training plateau in strength adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Songpeng Su
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Deng N, Soh KG, Abdullah B, Huang D, Sun H, Xiao W. Effects of physical training programs on female tennis players' performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1234114. [PMID: 37664429 PMCID: PMC10470022 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1234114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tennis is among the world's most popular and well-studied sports. Physical training has commonly been used as an intervention among athletes. However, a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of physical training programs on female tennis players' performance is lacking. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of physical training on performance outcomes in female tennis players. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDicus, Scopus, and CNKI from inception until July 2023 to select relevant articles from the accessible literature. Only controlled trials were included if they examined the effects of physical training on at least one measure of tennis-specific performance in female tennis players. The Cochrane RoB tool was employed to assess the risk of bias. The CERT scale was used to examine the quality of program information. The GRADE approach was adopted to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Nine studies were selected for the systematic review and seven for the meta-analysis, totaling 222 individuals. The study's exercise programs lasted 6-36 weeks, with training sessions ranging from 30 to 80 min, conducted one to five times per week. Muscle power (ES = 0.72; p = 0.003), muscle strength (ES = 0.65; p = 0.002), agility (ES = 0.69; p = 0.002), serve velocity (ES = 0.72; p = 0.013), and serve accuracy (ES = 1.14; p = 0.002) demonstrated significant improvement following physical training, while no notable changes in linear sprint speed (ES = 0.63; p = 0.07) were detected. Conclusion: Although research on physical training in sports is diversified, studies on training interventions among female tennis players are scarce. This review found that existing training programs yield some favorable outcomes for female tennis players. However, further research with high methodological quality is warranted on the tailoring of specific training programs for female tennis players. There should be more consistent measuring and reporting of data to facilitate meaningful data pooling for future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuannuan Deng
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Borhannudin Abdullah
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dandan Huang
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Sun
- School of Physical Education Institute (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- Department of Sports Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Zhao F, Tomita M, Dutta A. Operational Modal Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measure of 2-Month Exercise Intervention Effects in Sedentary Older Adults with Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1099. [PMID: 37509027 PMCID: PMC10377417 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose levels in diabetes can cause structural and functional changes in proteins throughout the body, and the accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain that can be associated with the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To address this burden in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program was developed based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The prospectively registered clinical trials (NCT04626453, NCT04812288) involved two groups: an Intervention group of older sedentary adults with T2DM and a Control group of healthy older adults who could be either active or sedentary. The completion rate for the 2-month exercise program was high, with participants completing on an average of 89.14% of the exercise sessions. This indicated that the program was practical, feasible, and well tolerated, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also safe, requiring minimal equipment and no supervision. Our paper presents portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based measures that showed muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), i.e., the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in muscle, drop during bilateral heel rise task (BHR) and the 6 min walk task (6MWT) significantly (p < 0.05) changed at the post-intervention follow-up from the pre-intervention baseline in the T2DM Intervention group participants. Moreover, post-intervention changes from pre-intervention baseline for the prefrontal activation (both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05, q < 0.05) effect at the right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral, during the Mini-Cog task. Here, operational modal analysis provided further insights into the 2-month exercise intervention effects on the very-low-frequency oscillations (<0.05 Hz) during the Mini-Cog task that improved post-intervention in the sedentary T2DM Intervention group from their pre-intervention baseline when compared to active healthy Control group. Then, the 6MWT distance significantly (p < 0.01) improved in the T2DM Intervention group at post-intervention follow-up from pre-intervention baseline that showed improved aerobic capacity and endurance. Our portable NIRS based measures have practical implications at the point of care for the therapists as they can monitor muscle and brain oxygenation changes during physical and cognitive tests to prescribe personalized physical exercise doses without triggering individual stress response, thereby, enhancing vascular health in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Machiko Tomita
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN67TS, UK
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Wang J, Zhu R, Xu XT, Liu S, Li Z, Guo C, Tao X, Qian L, Charles R, Fang L. Effects of strength training on functional ambulation following knee replacement: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10728. [PMID: 37400510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strength training is recommended by the American Physical Therapy Association to improve muscle strength, mobility, and balance following knee replacement. Few studies have focused on the direct effects of strength training on functional ambulation, and potential dose-response relationships between strength training parameters and the effect remain unclear. The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression was to evaluate the effects of strength training on functional ambulation following knee replacement (KR). We also aimed to explore potential dose-response relationships between strength training parameters and performance in functional ambulation. A systematic literature search of eight online databases was performed on March 12, 2023, for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of strength training on functional ambulation by six-minute walk test (6MWT) or timed-up and go test (TUG) after KR. Data were pooled by random-effect meta-analyses and presented as weighted mean difference (WMD). A random-effect meta-regression was performed for four predetermined training parameters, namely, duration (weeks), frequency (sessions per week), volume (time per session), and initial time (after surgery) separately to explore dose-response relationships with WMD. Fourteen trials encompassing 956 participants were included in our study. Meta-analyses showed an improvement in 6MWT performance after strength training (WMD: 32.15, 95% CI 19.44-44.85) and a decrease in time to complete TUG (WMD: - 1.92, 95% CI - 3.43 to - 0.41). Meta-regression revealed a dose-response relationship only between volume and 6MWT, with a decreasing trend (P = 0.019, 95% CI - 1.63 to - 0.20). Increasing trends of improvement in 6MWT and TUG were observed with increasing training duration and frequency. A slight decreasing trend of improvement was observed in 6MWT with postponed initial time, while an opposite trend was observed in TUG. Based on existing studies, moderate-certainty evidence suggests that strength training could increase 6MWT distance, and low-certainty evidence shows that strength training could decrease the time to complete TUG after KR. Meta-regression results only suggested a dose-response relationship between volume and 6MWT with a decreasing trend.Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42022329006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Xu
- Institute of TCM International Standardization, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuting Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenrui Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Guo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuchen Tao
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Qian
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ravon Charles
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Cardozo DC, de Souza Destro D. Pyramidal resistance training: A brief review of acute responses and long-term adaptations. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:21-27. [PMID: 37330772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most popular training methods in weight rooms is the pyramidal. Despite this, its superiority over traditional training is still speculative. OBJECTIVE To review the effects of pyramid strength training on acute responses and long-term adaptations of this training method. METHOD The research was performed in PubMed, BIREME/BVS and Google Scholar databases using the search words in different combinations: 'strength training', 'resistance training', 'resistance exercise', 'strength exercise', 'pyramid', 'system pyramidal', 'crescent pyramid' and 'decrescent pyramid'. As inclusion criteria were considered: studies in English, which compared the effects of pyramidal training versus traditional training on acute responses and long-term adaptations. The TESTEX scale (0-15 points) was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS This article included 15 studies (6 acute effect studies and 9 longitudinal studies), which evaluated hormonal, metabolic and performance responses, strength gains and muscle hypertrophy of strength training in pyramidal and traditional format. Studies were rated between good and excellent quality. CONCLUSION The pyramid training protocol was not superior to the traditional protocol on acute physiological responses, strength gains and muscle hypertrophy. From a practical point of view, these findings allow us to say that the manipulation of this training method could be based on issues of periodization, motivation and/or even in personal preference. But, this is based on studies developed with repetition zones between 8 and 12 and/or intensities between 67% and 85% of 1RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Correia Cardozo
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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12
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Choy J, Pourkazemi F, Anderson C, Bogaardt H. Dosages of Swallowing Exercises Prescribed in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Medical Record Audit. Dysphagia 2023; 38:686-699. [PMID: 35951119 PMCID: PMC10006267 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how swallowing exercise dosage is recorded, and what swallowing exercise dosages are reported in a stroke rehabilitation setting. We additionally explored the relation between mean daily swallowing repetitions and likelihood of improvement in functional swallowing status and considered how swallowing exercise dosages in practice compared to evidence-based principles of neural plasticity and strength training. We audited medical records for 42 patients with post-stroke dysphagia admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit over 18 months. Data were collected on participant characteristics, swallowing exercises and dosages, and clinical outcomes. The relation between dosage and outcomes was investigated using logistic regression analysis. On average, patients were seen for a median of 2.4 swallowing intervention sessions per week (IQR: 1.7) over 21 days (IQR: 16) and received a median 44.5 swallowing exercise repetitions per session (IQR: 39.6). Results indicated variable reporting of swallowing exercise dosages. Frequency, intervention duration, exercise type, and number of repetitions were routinely recorded in medical records, while intensity, session length, content, and adherence to home exercise programs were not. Frequency of swallowing intervention was lower in practice compared to research studies, and swallowing exercises did not follow specificity or progressive resistance principles. Likelihood of improvement in swallowing status was partially explained by age (B = -.015, p = .007) but not by mean daily swallowing exercise repetitions. This study illustrates dosages of swallowing exercises used in clinical practice. Results highlight the need for improved consideration and reporting of dosage, and application of evidence-based principles to swallowing exercise dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinda Choy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- HammondCare Braeside Hospital, 340 Prairie Vale Road, Prairiewood, NSW, 2176, Australia.
| | - Fereshteh Pourkazemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Caitlin Anderson
- HammondCare Braeside Hospital, 340 Prairie Vale Road, Prairiewood, NSW, 2176, Australia
| | - Hans Bogaardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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13
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Pearson JR, Moodie N, Stout KW, Hawkins WC, Matuszek M, Graham ZA, Siedlik JA, Vardiman JP, Gallagher PM. Similar Responses in the Akt/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway Following Different Lower-Body Exercise Volumes in Recreationally Active Men. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1034-1041. [PMID: 36727994 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pearson, JR, Moodie, N, Stout, KW, Hawkins, WC, Matuszek, M, Graham, ZA, Siedlik, JA, Vardiman, JP, and Gallagher, PM. Similar responses in the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway after different lower-body exercise volumes in recreationally active men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-This project examined the differences between a single set (SS) compared to multiple sets (MS) of resistance exercise on the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the receptor for IGF-1 (IGF-1R) to better understand the types of resistance training protocols that are most beneficial in stimulating the muscle hypertrophic response. Sixteen healthy men were randomly selected into 2 groups of 8. Subjects in each group received 3 biopsies: (a) before exercise, (b) 15 minutes postexercise, and (c) 180 minutes postexercise. Subjects in the SS group performed 1 set of leg press to failure at 80% of their predetermined 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Subjects in the MS group performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions and 1 set to failure at 80% of their predetermined 1RM, with 3 minutes of rest between each set. Our results indicated no group × time interactions in the concentration of Akt signaling proteins. Furthermore, there were no group × time interactions in IGF-1 or IGF-1R expression. However, phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 levels increased 150% from pre to 180 minutes post (p = 0.005). In addition, there was a significantly greater increase in IGF-1R expression in the SS group compared with the MS group (7.99 ± 10.07 vs. 4.41 ± 6.28; p = 0.026). Collectively, we found that a SS of resistance training evokes a similar acute Akt/PKB pathway response as MS in recreationally active men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Pearson
- Applied Physiology Laboratory and Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Nicole Moodie
- Department of Health, Physics and Applied Sciences, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kevan W Stout
- Applied Physiology Laboratory and Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - William C Hawkins
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport, Southern Indiana University, Evansville, Indiana
| | - Mallory Matuszek
- Applied Physiology Laboratory and Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Zachary A Graham
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida
| | - Jacob A Siedlik
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska; and
| | - John P Vardiman
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Philip M Gallagher
- Applied Physiology Laboratory and Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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Effects of Mental Fatigue on Strength Endurance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Motor Control 2022; 27:442-461. [PMID: 36509089 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2022-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the effects of mental fatigue on upper and lower body strength endurance. Searches for studies were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. We included studies that compared the effects of a demanding cognitive task (set to induce mental fatigue) with a control condition on strength endurance in dynamic resistance exercise (i.e., expressed as the number of performed repetitions at a given load). The data reported in the included studies were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences. Seven studies were included in the review. We found that mental fatigue significantly reduced the number of performed repetitions for upper body exercises (standardized mean difference: -0.41; 95% confidence interval [-0.70, -0.12]; p = .006; I2 = 0%). Mental fatigue also significantly reduced the number of performed repetitions in the analysis for lower body exercises (standardized mean difference: -0.39; 95% confidence interval [-0.75, -0.04]; p = .03; I2 = 0%). Our results showed that performing a demanding cognitive task-which induces mental fatigue-impairs strength endurance performance. Collectively, our findings suggest that exposure to cognitive tasks that may induce mental fatigue should be minimized before strength endurance-based resistance exercise sessions.
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15
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Rationale and Feasibility of Resistance Training in hEDS/HSD: A Narrative Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7030061. [PMID: 35997377 PMCID: PMC9397026 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) are genetic conditions characterized by increased joint hypermobility, often in the presence of other signs or symptoms if syndromic. This hypermobility can result in significant pain and ultimately decreased participation in recreational or competitive activity. Rehabilitation of patients with hEDS/HSD is not well understood, particularly since presentation can be relatively heterogenous. Regardless, more research is needed, particularly regarding resistance training, to allow patients with hEDS/HSD to participate in the activities they enjoy. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the clinical features displayed by those with hEDS/HSD that have been found to be improved with resistance training in other populations, and to present the current evidence for resistance training in all types of study designs, ranging from case studies to randomized controlled trials.
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16
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Parker-Autry C, Neiberg R, Leng XI, Matthews CA, Dumoulin C, Kuchel G, Kritchevsky SB. Examining the Role of Nonsurgical Therapy in the Treatment of Geriatric Urinary Incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 140:243-251. [PMID: 35852275 PMCID: PMC9502119 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of physical function impairments on the change in urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms after pelvic floor muscle training in older women. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 70 community-dwelling participants, older than age 70 years, with at least moderate incontinence symptoms. A comprehensive pelvic floor and physical function assessment was done at baseline. Individualized pelvic floor muscle training prescriptions with behavioral management strategies to reduce incontinence episodes were provided for 12 weeks. Baseline physical function was determined using the SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery). A total score of 9 or lower out of 12 indicated impaired physical function, and scores higher than 9 indicated normal physical function. A 3-day bladder diary established daily incontinence episodes. The between-group difference in the change in number of UI episodes, from baseline to 6 weeks, was our primary outcome. Descriptive analyses compared important demographic and clinical characteristics. Longitudinal mixed model linear regression analyses determined the change in incontinence episodes and estimates of improvement based on the presence of impaired physical function and adjusted for age, race, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Participants' mean±SD age was 76.9±5.4 years, and 15.7% identified as African American, with no significant differences in age or race between groups. Participants with impaired physical function had higher mean±SD BMI (33.6±14.5 vs 27.4±5.8; P=.03) and more baseline incontinence episodes (4.5±2.9 vs 2.7±2.1 episodes per day; P=.005) than in women without functional impairment. After 6 weeks of pelvic floor exercises, the change in number of incontinence episodes per day was not different between participants with physical functional impairment compared with women with normal physical function (mean [95% CI] -1.2 [-2.0 to -0.5] vs -0.4 [-1.1 to 0.3], P=.31). Overall, after 12 weeks of pelvic floor muscle training, complete satisfaction with incontinence symptom improvement was low for both groups (41.8% with physical function impairments vs 44.8% with normal physical function; P=.90). CONCLUSION Behavioral therapy including pelvic floor muscle training may not significantly decrease UI symptoms to a degree that is satisfactory in women who are older than 70 years and are seeking treatment for UI, regardless of the presence of physical function impairments. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03057834.
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17
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Bernárdez-Vázquez R, Raya-González J, Castillo D, Beato M. Resistance Training Variables for Optimization of Muscle Hypertrophy: An Umbrella Review. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:949021. [PMID: 35873210 PMCID: PMC9302196 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.949021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This umbrella review aimed to analyze the different variables of resistance training and their effect on hypertrophy, and to provide practical recommendations for the prescription of resistance training programs to maximize hypertrophy responses. A systematic research was conducted through of PubMed/MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement guidelines. A total of 52 meta-analyses were found, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were published between 2009 and 2020 and comprised 178 primary studies corresponding to 4,784 participants. Following a methodological quality analysis, nine meta-analyses were categorized as high quality, presenting values of 81–88%. The remaining meta-analyses were rated as moderate quality, with values between 63–75%. Based on this umbrella review, we can state that at least 10 sets per week per muscle group is optimal, that eccentric contractions seem important, very slow repetitions (≥10 s) should be avoided, and that blood flow restriction might be beneficial for some individuals. In addition, other variables as, exercise order, time of the day and type of periodization appear not to directly influence the magnitude of muscle mass gains. These findings provide valuable information for the design and configuration of the resistance training program with the aim of optimizing muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Raya-González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Raya-González
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Valoración del Rendimiento Deportivo, Actividad Física y Salud, y Lesiones Deportivas (REDAFLED), Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Marco Beato
- School of Health and Sports Science, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
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Heredia-Elvar JR, Hernández-Lougedo J, Maicas-Pérez L, Notario-Alonso R, Garnacho-Castaño MV, García-Fernández P, Maté-Muñoz JL. Reproducibility and Applicability of Traditional Strength Training Prescription Recommendations. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060851. [PMID: 35741372 PMCID: PMC9220145 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to verify the reproducibility of a resistance training protocol in the bench press (BP) exercise, based on traditional recommendations, analysing the effect of the muscle fatigue of each set and of the whole exercise protocol. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, thirty male physical education students were divided into three groups according to their relative strength ratio (RSR), and they performed a 1RM BP test (T1). In the second session (T2), which was one week after T1, the participants performed a BP exercise protocol of three sets with the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) possible to muscle failure, using a relative load corresponding to 70% 1RM determined through the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) obtained from the individual load−velocity relationship, with 2 min rests between sets. Two weeks later, a third session (T3) identical to the second session (T2) was performed. The MPV of each repetition of each set and the blood lactate level after each set were calculated, and mechanical fatigue was quantified through the velocity loss percentage of the set (% loss MPV) and in a pre-post exercise test with an individual load that could be lifted at ~1 m·s−1 of MPV. Results: The number of repetitions performed in each set was significantly different (MNR for the total group of participants: set 1 = 12.50 ± 2.19 repetitions, set 2 = 6.06 ± 1.98 repetitions and set 3 = 4.20 ± 1.99 repetitions), showing high variation coefficients in each of the sets and between groups according to RSR. There were significant differences also in MPVrep Best (set 1 = 0.62 ± 0.10 m·s−1, set 2 = 0.42 ± 0.07 m·s−1, set 3 = 0.36 ± 0.10 m·s−1), which significantly reduced the % loss MPV of all sets (set 1 = 77.4%, set 2 = 64%, set 3 = 54.2%). The lactate levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) (set 1 = 4.9 mmo·L−1, set 2 = 6 mmo·L−1, set 3 = 6.5 mmo·L−1), and MPV loss at 1 m·s−1 after performing the three sets was 36% in T2 and 34% in T3, with acceptable intrasubject variability (MPV at 1 m·s−1 pre-exercise: SEM ≤ 0.09 m·s−1, CV = 9.8%; MPV at 1 m·s−1 post-exercise: SEM ≤ 0.07 m·s−1, CV = 11.7%). Conclusions: These exercise propositions are difficult to reproduce and apply. Moreover, the number of repetitions performed in each set was significantly different, which makes it difficult to define and control the intensity of the exercise. Lastly, the fatigue generated in each set could have an individual response depending on the capacity of each subject to recover from the preceding maximum effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.H.-E.); (J.H.-L.); (L.M.-P.); (R.N.-A.)
| | - Juan Hernández-Lougedo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.H.-E.); (J.H.-L.); (L.M.-P.); (R.N.-A.)
| | - Luis Maicas-Pérez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.H.-E.); (J.H.-L.); (L.M.-P.); (R.N.-A.)
| | - Raúl Notario-Alonso
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.H.-E.); (J.H.-L.); (L.M.-P.); (R.N.-A.)
| | | | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- IdISSC—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Jiménez-Alonso A, García-Ramos A, Cepero M, Miras-Moreno S, Rojas FJ, Pérez-Castilla A. Velocity Performance Feedback During the Free-Weight Bench Press Testing Procedure: An Effective Strategy to Increase the Reliability and One Repetition Maximum Accuracy Prediction. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1077-1083. [PMID: 32282530 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Jiménez-Alonso, A, García-Ramos, A, Cepero, M, Miras-Moreno, S, Rojas, FJ, and Pérez-Castilla, A. Velocity performance feedback during the free-weight bench press testing procedure: An effective strategy to increase the reliability and one repetition maximum accuracy prediction. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1077-1083, 2022-This study aimed to determine whether the verbal provision of velocity performance feedback during the free-weight bench press (BP) exercise influences (a) the within-session reliability and magnitude of mean concentric velocity (MCV) values recorded against a range of submaximal loads and (b) the accuracy of the individualized load-velocity profile to estimate the BP 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Fifteen men (BP 1RM relative to body mass = 1.08 ± 0.22) performed an incremental loading test until reaching the 1RM on 2 separate sessions. Subjects received verbal velocity performance feedback in 1 session (knowledge of results [KR]), and no KR was provided in another session (Control). A linear velocity transducer was used to collect the MCV against 4 loads (40-55-70-85% 1RM), and the BP 1RM was estimated from the individualized load-velocity relationship modeled through the multiple-point (40-55-70-85% 1RM) and 2-point methods (40-85% 1RM). The KR condition provided a higher reliability (coefficient of variation [CV]: KR = 2.41%, Control = 3.54%; CV ratio = 1.47) and magnitude (p = 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.78) of MCV for the 40% 1RM, but no significant differences in reliability (CV ratio ≤1.15) nor in the magnitude (p ≥ 0.058; ES range = 0.00-0.32) were observed for higher loads. The accuracy in the estimation of the 1RM was higher for the KR (absolute errors: multiple-point = 3.1 ± 2.3 kg; 2-point = 3.5 ± 2.1 kg) compared with the Control condition (absolute errors: 4.1 ± 1.9 kg for both multiple-point and 2-point methods). These results encourage the provision of verbal velocity performance feedback during BP testing procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Jiménez-Alonso
- Department of Teaching Body Language, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception, Concepción, Chile ; and
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mar Cepero
- Department of Teaching Body Language, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Miras-Moreno
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rojas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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A Systematic Review of the Effects of Different Resistance Training Volumes on Muscle Hypertrophy. J Hum Kinet 2022; 81:199-210. [PMID: 35291645 PMCID: PMC8884877 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to compare responses to moderate and high training volumes aimed at inducing muscle hypertrophy. A literature search on 3 databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Chocrane Library) was conducted in January 2021. After analyzing 2083 resultant articles, studies were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: a) studies were randomized controlled trials (with the number of sets explicitly reported), b) interventions lasted at least six weeks, c) participants had a minimum of one year of resistance training experience, d) participants’ age ranged from 18 to 35 years, e) studies reported direct measurements of muscle thickness and/or the cross-sectional area, and f) studies were published in peer-review journals. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, whereas just six were included in the quantitative analysis. All participants were divided into three groups: “low” (<12 weekly sets), “moderate” (12-20 weekly sets) and “high” volume (>20 weekly sets). According to the results of this meta-analysis, there were no differences between moderate and high training volume responses for the quadriceps (p = 0.19) and the biceps brachii (p = 0.59). However, it appears that a high training volume is better to induce muscle mass gains in the triceps brachii (p = 0.01). According to the results of this review, a range of 12-20 weekly sets per muscle group may be an optimum standard recommendation for increasing muscle hypertrophy in young, trained men.
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The Effects of Resistance Training on Architecture and Volume of the Upper Extremity Muscles: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials and Meta-Analyses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To systematically review the effects of exercise on fascicle geometry and muscle size parameters of the upper extremity muscles, the CENTRAL, CINAHL, PubMed and OpenGrey databases were searched on 31 July 2021. Finally, 17 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this systematic review. High-intensity bench press training (g = 1.03) and 12 RM bench press exercises (g = 1.21) showed a large effect size on increasing pectoralis major muscle size. In the elbow extensors, large effects were reported for an increase in muscle size with isometric maximal voluntary co-contraction training (g = 1.97), lying triceps extension exercise (g = 1.25), and nonlinear periodised resistance training (g = 2.07). In addition, further large effects were achieved in the elbow flexors via traditional elbow flexion exercises (g = 0.93), concentric low-load forearm flexion-extension training (g = 0.94, g = 1), isometric maximal voluntary co-contraction training (g = 1.01), concentric low-load forearm flexion-extension training with blood flow restriction (g = 1.02, g = 1.07), and nonlinear periodised resistance training (g = 1.13, g = 1.34). Regarding the forearm muscles, isometric ulnar deviation training showed a large effect (g = 2.22) on increasing the flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis muscle size. Results show that these training modalities are suitable for gaining hypertrophy in the relevant muscles with at least four weeks of training duration. Future RCTs should investigate the effects of exercise modalities on the triceps brachii fascicle geometry, the infraspinatus muscle thickness (MT) and the subscapular MT due to their associations with sports performance.
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22
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Viecelli C, Aguayo D. May the Force and Mass Be With You-Evidence-Based Contribution of Mechano-Biological Descriptors of Resistance Exercise. Front Physiol 2022; 12:686119. [PMID: 35069229 PMCID: PMC8769283 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most important tissues of the human body. It comprises up to 40% of the body mass and is crucial to survival. Hence, the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength is pivotal. It is well-established that resistance exercise provides a potent anabolic stimulus to increase muscle mass and strength in men and women of all ages. Resistance exercise consists of mechano-biological descriptors, such as load, muscle action, number of repetitions, repetition duration, number of sets, rest interval between sets, frequency, volitional muscular failure, and range of motion, which can be manipulated. Herein, we discuss the evidence-based contribution of these mechano-biological descriptors to muscle mass and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Viecelli
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Brigatto FA, Lima LEDM, Germano MD, Aoki MS, Braz TV, Lopes CR. High Resistance-Training Volume Enhances Muscle Thickness in Resistance-Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:22-30. [PMID: 31868813 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brigatto, FA, Lima, LEdM, Germano, MD, Aoki, MS, Braz, TV, and Lopes, CR. High resistance-training volume enhances muscle thickness in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 22-30, 2022-This study investigated the effects of different volumes of resistance training (RT) (8 weeks of 16, 24, and 32 weekly sets per muscle group) on muscular strength and hypertrophy. Subjects were pair-matched according to baseline strength and then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups: 16 weekly sets per muscle group (G16, n = 9), 24 weekly sets per muscle group (G24, n = 9), or 32 weekly sets per muscle group (G32, n = 9). All other RT variables (e.g., exercise performed, exercise order, weekly frequency, range of repetitions, rest interval between sets and exercises, etc.) were maintained constant. The total load lifted was calculated for every RT session to compare the accumulated external training load among experimental groups across the intervention period. Testing was conducted before intervention (pre) and after 8-week (post-8) periods for maximal voluntary muscle strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM] test for bench press and parallel back squat exercises) and muscle thickness (MT) of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and vastus lateralis. The major findings were as follows: (a) all RT volumes increased bench press and parallel back squat 1RM and (b) all RT volumes increased the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and vastus lateralis MT. The magnitude of increase in 1RM and MT of the lower body when training with 32 weekly sets per muscle group was higher than for 16 weekly sets per muscle group. The magnitude of the increase in MTTB was higher when training with 32 weekly sets than for 16 weekly sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Brigatto
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Anhanguera University Center, Leme, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Moisés D Germano
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Aoki
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Tiago V Braz
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles R Lopes
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Adventist Faculty of Hortolândia, Hortolândia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mangine GT, Serafini PR, Stratton MT, Olmos AA, VanDusseldorp TA, Feito Y. Effect of the Repetitions-In-Reserve Resistance Training Strategy on Bench Press Performance, Perceived Effort, and Recovery in Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1-9. [PMID: 34941608 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mangine, GT, Serafini, PR, Stratton, MT, Olmos, AA, VanDusseldorp, TA, and Feito, Y. Effect of the repetitions-in-reserve resistance training strategy on bench press performance, perceived effort, and recovery in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 1-9, 2022-This study examined the effects of the repetitions-in-reserve (RIR) strategy on resistance exercise performance, perceived effort, and recovery. Fourteen resistance-trained men (24.6 ± 3.0 years, 176 ± 5 cm, 85.7 ± 14.0 kg) completed 2 bench press protocols in a randomized crossover fashion. The protocols consisted of 4 sets at 80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) to a self-reported 3-RIR and a fifth set to failure or all 5 sets to failure (0-RIR). Barbell kinetics (velocity, rate of force development, and impulse), repetition volume, total work, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were quantified on each set. Barbell kinetics were reassessed during one set of 3 repetitions at 80% 1RM completed at 24-hour, 48-hour, and 72-hour postexercise. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise at 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours and analyzed for concentrations of creatine kinase (CK). Separate, 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant interactions (p < 0.001) where 3-RIR better maintained repetitions and work at greater average velocity (+0.6 m·s-1) and lower RPE (0-RIR = 10; 3-RIR = 8.2) across all sets. No differences were seen between conditions for CK at 6 hours postexercise (3-RIR: 32.2 ± 55.3%; 0-RIR: 40.8 ± 66.0%) or for CK and barbell kinetics at 24 hours to 72 hours postexercise. Although no differences were seen for recovery, the RIR strategy enabled work to be better sustained across sets at a lower perceived effort and higher average velocity. This strategy could be used to manage fatigue and better sustain effort and volume during a resistance training session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
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Rodriguez J, Hanney WJ, Kolber MJ, Cheatham S. Utility of Back-Off Sets: An Overview. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Heavy Resistance Training in Older Adults: Effects of Type Exercise on Functional Capacity, Maximal Muscle Strength and Power. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Krekeler BN, Yee J, Daggett S, Leverson G, Rogus-Pulia N. Lingual Exercise in Older Veterans With Dysphagia: A Pilot Investigation of Patient Adherence. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:1526-1538. [PMID: 33844587 PMCID: PMC8608159 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Adherence is a concern in dysphagia management. Poor adherence with recommendations can negatively affect treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. For exercise-based therapies, low adherence can alter the dose of exercise delivered to the muscle, which can diminish impact of exercise. It has been established that low adherence is a problem in dysphagia treatments; however, relationships among levels of adherence and outcomes from exercise-based interventions have not been explored. Method In this retrospective pilot study, data were collected from a multicenter clinical demonstration program in the Veterans Affairs hospital system to examine the relationships between patient adherence with a device-facilitated lingual exercise regimen. Outcomes were compared pre- and posttreatment using a paired t test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test, and relationships among adherence and outcome measures were evaluated using Pearson or Spearman rank correlation coefficients, as appropriate. Results Patient adherence was evenly distributed across participants: Adherence at the front sensor was 59.3% (SD = 28.2), ranging from 5.5% to 95.8%; the back sensor adherence was 55.9% (SD = 29.8), ranging from 1.1% to 97.2%. Maximum isometric pressure (MIP) generation, at both the front and back sensors, was increased from pre- to posttreatment (p < .0001, front; p = .008, back). Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) scores were also significantly improved at the posttreatment time point as compared to baseline (p = .005). However, there were no significant correlations among adherence and outcome measures (front sensor adherence vs. ΔMIP, r = -.161, p = .342; back sensor adherence vs. ΔMIP, r = .002, p = .991; front sensor adherence vs. ΔFOIS, r = -.183, p = .279; back sensor adherence vs. ΔFOIS, r = -.160, p = .399). Conclusions These findings suggest that patient adherence with this lingual exercise program was not related to the increases in lingual pressure generation or improvement in functional oral intake observed in this cohort. These preliminary findings suggest the need for future, prospective, controlled, and randomized clinical trials to further investigate patient adherence with a lingual exercise program and related impacts of adherence on exercise dose and swallowing-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Krekeler
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Department of Surgery—Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin–Madison Clinical Science Center
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University Swallowing Cross-Systems Collaborative, Evanston, IL
| | - Joanne Yee
- University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Sarah Daggett
- University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Glen Leverson
- Department of Surgery—Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin–Madison Clinical Science Center
| | - Nicole Rogus-Pulia
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Department of Surgery—Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin–Madison Clinical Science Center
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
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Lean Body Mass and Muscle Cross-Sectional Area Adaptations Among College Age Males with Different Strength Levels across 11 Weeks of Block Periodized Programmed Resistance Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094735. [PMID: 33946754 PMCID: PMC8124523 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The block periodization training paradigm has been shown to produce enhanced gains in strength and power. The purpose of this study is to assess resistance training induced alterations in lean body mass and cross-sectional area using a block periodization training model among individuals (n = 15) of three differing strength levels (high, moderate and low) based on one repetition maximum back squat relative to body weight. A 3 × 5 mixed-design ANOVA was used to examine within-and between-subject changes in cross-sectional area (CSA), lean body mass (LBM), lean body mass adjusted (LBMadjusted) and total body water (TBW) over an 11-week resistance training program. LBMadjusted is total body water subtracted from lean body mass. The ANOVA revealed no statistically significant between-group differences in any independent variable (p > 0.05). Within-group effects showed statistically significant increases in cross-sectional area (p < 0.001), lean body mass (p < 0.001), lean body mass adjusted (p ˂ 0.001) and total body water (p < 0.001) from baseline to post intervention: CSA: 32.7 cm2 ± 8.6; 36.3 cm2 ± 7.2, LBM: 68.0 kg ± 9.5; 70.6 kg ± 9.4, LBMadjusted: 20.4 kg ± 3.1; 21.0 kg ± 3.3 and TBW: 49.8 kg ± 6.9; 51.7 kg ± 6.9. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest subjects experienced an increase in both lean body mass and total body water, regardless of strength level, over the course of the 11-week block periodized program. Gains in lean body mass and cross-sectional area may be due to edema at the early onset of training.
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Amar AK, Nuhmani S, Khan MH, John M, Kachanathu SJ, Kadyan G, Muaidi QI. Comparison of instability resistance training, traditional resistance training and plyometric training on athletic performance parameters. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:593-598. [PMID: 33544534 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to compare traditional resistance, instability resistance, and plyometric training methods on measures of athletic performance in healthy subjects. METHODS Sixty five healthy, physically active male students were randomly assigned to the following groups: traditional resistance training (RT, n=22), instability training (IT, n=22), and plyometric training (PLY, n=21).Athletic performance parameters were assessed pre- and post-training using chair squat test, standing stork test, shuttle run test, t-test, and vertical jump test. RESULTS General linear univariate model with baseline as covariate (ANCOVA) was used for analyzing the change in outcome from baseline to post-treatment. Statistically significant improvement was observed in all the athletic performance parameters in all three groups after seven weeks of training (p-value<0.05). The highest change in chair squat test was reported for RT compared to IT (p-value<0.001) and PLY (p-value<0.001). The change in standing stork test among the IT group was substantially higher than that among RT (p-value=0.007) but did not significantly differ from that among the PLY (p-value=0.27). No statistically significant difference was observed in post-test values of vertical jump test among three groups. The highest change in t-test and shuttle run test was reported for PLY compared to IT (p-value<0.001) and RT (p-value<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that IT and PLY can be included with traditional RT to improve various aspects of athletic performance in healthy physically active individuals. The current study will give an insight to athletes, coaches, and trainers regarding utilization of appropriate training methods in enhancing athletic performance. However, further research is required to establish the effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Amar
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moazzam Hussain Khan
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Melbin John
- Vice Deanship of Studies Development and Community Services, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaji John Kachanathu
- Department of Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Kadyan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Indian Spinal injury Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Qassim I Muaidi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Pérez-Castilla A, Jukic I, Haff GG, García-Ramos A. The Bench Press Grip Width Does Not Affect the Number of Repetitions Performed at Different Velocity Loss Thresholds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1057. [PMID: 33504038 PMCID: PMC7908121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed (I) to compare the number of repetitions that can be completed to failure (XRM) and before reaching a 15%, 30%, or 45% velocity loss threshold (XVLT) in the bench press exercise performed using different grip widths, and (II) to examine the inter-individual variability in the percentage of completed repetitions with respect to the XRM when the set volume is prescribed based on a fixed number of repetitions (FNR) and several velocity loss thresholds (VLT). Nineteen men performed four separate sessions in a random order where there was a single set of repetitions completed to failure against 75% of the one-repetition maximum during the Smith machine bench press exercise using a narrow, medium, wide, or self-selected grip widths. The XRM (p = 0.545) and XVLTs (p ≥ 0.682) were not significantly affected by grip width. A high and comparable inter-individual variability in the percentage of completed repetitions with respect to the XRM was observed when using both an FNR (median CV = 24.3%) and VLTs (median CV = 23.5%). These results indicate that Smith machine bench press training volume is not influenced by the grip width and that VLTs do not allow a more homogeneous prescription of the set volume with respect to the XRM than the traditional FNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pérez-Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ivan Jukic
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - G. Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6065, Australia;
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 2850, Chile
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Evangelista AL, Braz TV, Rica RL, Barbosa WA, Alonso AC, Azevedo JB, Barros BM, Paunksnis MRR, Baker JS, Bocalini DS, Greve JMD. THE DOSE-RESPONSE PHENOMENON ASSOCIATED WITH STRENGTH TRAINING IS INDEPENDENT OF THE VOLUME OF SETS AND REPETITIONS PER SESSION. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127012020_0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction There are few studies on the effectiveness of training models with high volume sets per session in particular muscle groups. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different resistance training (RT) repetitions with equalized volumes on muscle adaptations. Methods This study used an experimental design in which forty-seven volunteers underwent 8 weeks of RT after having been distributed randomly into three groups: ten sets of three maximum repetitions (10x3), three sets of ten maximum repetitions (3x10) and five sets of six maximum repetitions (5x6) for each muscular group per training session. Maximum strength (1RM test) and muscle thickness (MT) were evaluated as outcomes. Results A significant main effect (p=0.001) of time on maximum strength was observed for the three groups, but no significance was observed (p>0.05) in time x group interactions. A significant main effect (p=0.001) of time was observed on MT for biceps, triceps and vastus lateralis, without significant differences for time x group interactions. Significant correlations were found between maximum strength and muscle thickness after general statistical analyses for all protocols. Conclusion Improvements in maximum strength and muscle thickness are similar when repetition volumes are equalized through the number of series and repetitions. Level of evidence I; Therapeutic studies, investigation of treatment results.
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Carvalho L, Junior RM, Truffi G, Serra A, Sander R, De Souza EO, Barroso R. Is stronger better? Influence of a strength phase followed by a hypertrophy phase on muscular adaptations in resistance-trained men. Res Sports Med 2020; 29:536-546. [PMID: 33241958 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1853546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although used by resistance-trained individuals, it is unknown if increasing muscle strength prior to hypertrophy training leads to greater muscle growth and strength gains. We investigated muscle thickness and maximum strength in 26 resistance-trained men who were randomly assigned to either: STHT, consisted in a 3-week strength-oriented training period (4x1-3 repetition maximum [RM]) prior to a 5-week hypertrophy-oriented period (4x8-12RM), or HT, which comprised an 8-week hypertrophy-oriented training period. Vastus lateralis muscle thickness, and back squat and leg-press 1-RM were assessed at pre, third week, and after 8 weeks of training. When pre-to-post changes are compared, STHT induced greater muscle growth (p = 0.049; 95%CI = 0.15-3.2%; d = 0.81) and strength gains in the back squat (p = 0.015; 95%CI = 1.5-13%; d = 1.05) and leg-press 45° (p = 0.044; 95%CI = 0.16-9.9%; d = 0.79) compared to HT. Our results support the use of a period to increase muscle strength prior to an HT to increase muscle thickness and maximum strength in resistance-trained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Carvalho
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Roberto Moriggi Junior
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Truffi
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriano Serra
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Sander
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo O De Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Renato Barroso
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Albaladejo-Saura M, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Esparza-Ros F. Effect of an injury prevention program on the lower limb stability in young volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:943-952. [PMID: 33146495 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volleyball players have a high risk of injury in the lower limbs as a consequence of the specific characteristics of the sport, such as repetitive jumps and falls. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary injury prevention program on lower limb stability in young volleyball players. METHODS The experimental design was a non-randomized controlled trial. All the measurements were performed in a standardized room in a sports center. Twenty-six young male volleyball players (mean age: 15.39±1.16 years), divided into experimental (N.=15) and control groups (N.=11) participated in this study. The experimental group performed an 8-week prevention program including lower limb strength and plyometric training, and joint and core stability. The Y-Balance and force platform landing tests were carried out as the pre- and post-tests. RESULTS The main outcome measures were the injuries history, distance and difference reached in anterior, post-lateral and post-medial axis of the Y-Balance test, and the force produced on the z, x, and y axis after landing. Differences were found between groups and measurements in all the variables of the Y-Balance test, except in the frontal axis for the dominant leg and for the differences between legs (P=0.039-0.001); and in the ground reaction forces (z axis) (P=0.040), the x axis (P=0.014) and the dynamic postural stability index (P=0.025) of the lateral jump with the non-dominant leg. CONCLUSIONS An 8-week prevention program seems to improve the lower limb stability in young volleyball players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- San Antonio Catholic University, Murcia, Spain - .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
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Tomeleri CM, Ribeiro AS, Nunes JP, Schoenfeld BJ, Souza MF, Schiavoni D, Junior PS, Cavaglieri CR, Cunha PM, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Cyrino ES. Influence of Resistance Training Exercise Order on Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Anabolic Hormones in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:3103-3109. [PMID: 33105360 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomeleri, CM, Ribeiro, AS, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Souza, MF, Schiavoni, D, Junior, PS, Cavaglieri, CR, Cunha, PM, Venturini, D, Barbosa, DS, and Cyrino, ES. Influence of resistance training exercise order on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and anabolic hormones in older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3103-3109, 2020-The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) exercise order on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and anabolic hormones in older women. Forty-four older women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a nonexercise control group (CON, n = 15) and two RT groups that performed a 12-week RT program in a multijoint to single-joint order (MJ-SJ, n = 14), or in a single-joint to multijoint order (SJ-MJ, n = 15). The RT protocol (3×/week) encompassed 8 exercises, with 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions performed per exercise. One repetition maximum tests were used to evaluate muscle strength; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to estimate lean soft tissue. Both training groups showed significant and similar increases in muscle strength (MJ-SJ = 16.4%; SJ-MJ = 12.7%) and mass (MJ-SJ = 7.5%; SJ-MJ = 6.1%), whereas there were no significant changes in testosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1. The results suggest that both approaches are similarly effective in eliciting morphofunctional improvements in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas-Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana F Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil; and
| | - Durcelina Schiavoni
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Junior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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Israetel M, Feather J, Faleiro TV, Juneau CE. Mesocycle Progression in Hypertrophy: Volume Versus Intensity. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Minor B, Helms E, Schepis J. RE: Mesocycle Progression in Hypertrophy: Volume Versus Intensity. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hackett D. Acute effects of high-volume compared to low-volume resistance exercise on lung function. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:450-457. [PMID: 33178647 PMCID: PMC7609852 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040656.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether a high-volume compared to low-volume resistance exercise session acutely impairs lung function. Fourteen males (age 23.8±6.5 years) with resistance training experience participated in this study. Participants completed two resistance training protocols (high- and low-volume) and a control session (no exercise) with the sequence randomised. High- and low-volume sessions involved 5 sets (5-SETS) and 2 sets (2-SETS), respectively of 10 repetitions at 65% one-repetition maximum for each exercise (bench press, squat, seated shoulder press, and deadlift) with 90-sec recovery between sets. Lung function was evaulated pre- and postsession and respiratory gases were measured during the recovery between sets of exercises. An increase in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) to forced vital capacity was found following the 5-SETS compared to 2-SETS (P=0.033). There was a significant reduction in inspiratory capacity following 5-SETS compared to control session (P=0.049). No other lung function parameter was affected postsession. During training sessions, the squat and deadlift required greater ventilatory demands compared to the bench press and shoulder press (P<0.001). Across most exercises during 5-SETS compared to 2-SETS, there was a lower end-tidal CO2 partial pressure. Across most exercises during 5-SETS compared to 2-SETS there was a lower end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (PETCO2) (P≤0.013), although there were no other differences in physiological responses between the sessions. The findings tend to suggest that the ventilatory and respiratory muscle demands of a strenuous resistance exercise session are not great enough to acutely impair indices of lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Tufano JJ, Vetrovsky T, Stastny P, Steffl M, Malecek J, Omcirk D. Assisted Jumping in Healthy Older Adults: Optimizing High-Velocity Training Prescription. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1518-1523. [PMID: 32639371 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tufano, JJ, Vetrovsky, T, Stastny, P, Steffl, M, Malecek, J, and Omcirk, D. Assisted jumping in healthy older adults: optimizing high-velocity training prescription. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Because older adults benefit from power training, training strategies for athletes such as supramaximal velocity-assisted jumping could also be useful for older adults. However, optimizing-assisted exercise prescription in older adults remains uninvestigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different bodyweight (BW) assistance levels on jumping force and velocity in healthy older adults. Twenty-three healthy older adults (67.6 ± 7.6 years, 167.0 ± 8.8 cm, 72.7 ± 14.3 kg, and 27.1 ± 6.9% body fat) performed 5 individual countermovement jumps at BW, 90, 80, 70, and 60% of BW. Jumps were performed on a force plate, which provided peak take-off force (TOF), flight time, and peak impact force. A linear position transducer measured peak concentric velocity (PV). The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also assessed after each condition. Take-off force was greater during BW than all other conditions, 90 and 80% were greater than 70 and 60%, but there were no differences between 80 and 90% or between 70 and 60%. The FT progressively increased at all assistance levels, and PV was faster for all assistance levels than BW, with no differences between assistance levels. Impact force was greater during BW than 80, 70, and 60% and was greater during 90% than 60%. The RPE was less than BW during all assistance conditions but was the least during 70%. Implementing assisted jumping between 70 and 80% of BW in older adults likely provides the ideal combination of force, velocity, and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Carvalho L, Concon V, Meloni M, De Souza EO, Barroso R. Effects of resistance training combined with ischemic preconditioning on muscle size and strength in resistance-trained individuals. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1431-1436. [PMID: 32608934 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the effects of resistance training combined with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on muscle size and strength in resistance-trained men. METHODS Sixteen resistance-trained men were divided into two groups (Placebo and IPC) and trained twice a week for 6 weeks. Preconditioning protocols consisted of four, 5-min cycling bouts of ischemia/Placebo (250 or 10 mmHg, respectively) interspersed with 5 min of reperfusion (without pressure) alternated in each leg. Thirty minutes after the preconditioning protocol, participants performed 4 sets to concentric failure at 75% of one repetition-maximum (1-RM) in unilateral knee extension exercise. Muscle thickness (ultrasound) and 1RM were assessed at baseline and 72 hours after the last training session. ANCOVA was used to compare muscle thickness and 1RM changes, using muscle thickness and 1-RM baseline values, respectively, as covariates. Significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS Average of number of repetitions was higher in IPC compared to Placebo (13±4 and 11±2, respectively; P=0.0002). Muscle thickness did not change in either group from pre- to post-6 weeks (P=0.32). IPC improved 1-RM more than Placebo (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS IPC may augment greater strength gains in resistance-trained men due to an increase in training volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Carvalho
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Concon
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Márcio Meloni
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo O De Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Renato Barroso
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil -
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Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation enhances strength training volume but not the force-velocity profile. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1881-1891. [PMID: 32533243 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the acute effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the force-velocity relationship, strength training volume, movement velocity, and ratings of perceived exertion. METHODS Fourteen healthy men (age 22.8 ± 3.0 years) were randomly stimulated over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with either ANODAL, CATHODAL or SHAM tDCS for 15 min at 2 mA. The one-repetition maximum (1RM) and force-velocity relationship parameters were evaluated during the bench press exercise before and after receiving the tDCS. Subsequently, participants completed a resistance training session consisting of sets of five repetitions with 1 min of inter-set rest against the 75%1RM until failure. RESULTS No significant changes were observed in the 1RM or in the force-velocity relationship parameters (p ≥ 0.377). The number of repetitions was higher for the ANODAL compared to the CATHODAL (p = 0.025; ES = 0.37) and SHAM (p = 0.009; ES = 0.47) conditions. The reductions of movement velocity across sets were lower for the ANODAL than for the CATHODAL and SHAM condition (p = 0.014). RPE values were lower for the ANODAL compared to the CATHODAL (p = 0.119; ES = 0.33) and SHAM (p = 0.150; ES = 0.44) conditions. No significant differences between the CATHODAL and SHAM conditions were observed for any variable. CONCLUSION The application of ANODAL tDCS before a resistance training session increased training volume, enabled the maintenance of higher movement velocities, and reduced RPE values. These results suggest that tDCS could be an effective method to enhance resistance-training performance.
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Randomized Trial of General Strength and Conditioning Versus Motor Control and Manual Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain on Physical and Self-Report Outcomes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061726. [PMID: 32503243 PMCID: PMC7355598 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and spinal manipulative therapy are commonly used for the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in Australia. Reduction in pain intensity is a common outcome; however, it is only one measure of intervention efficacy in clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of two common clinical interventions on physical and self-report measures in CLBP. Participants were randomized to a 6-month intervention of general strength and conditioning (GSC; n = 20; up to 52 sessions) or motor control exercise plus manual therapy (MCMT; n = 20; up to 12 sessions). Pain intensity was measured at baseline and fortnightly throughout the intervention. Trunk extension and flexion endurance, leg muscle strength and endurance, paraspinal muscle volume, cardio-respiratory fitness and self-report measures of kinesiophobia, disability and quality of life were assessed at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up. Pain intensity differed favoring MCMT between-groups at week 14 and 16 of treatment (both, p = 0.003), but not at 6-month follow-up. Both GSC (mean change (95%CI): −10.7 (−18.7, −2.8) mm; p = 0.008) and MCMT (−19.2 (−28.1, −10.3) mm; p < 0.001) had within-group reductions in pain intensity at six months, but did not achieve clinically meaningful thresholds (20mm) within- or between-group. At 6-month follow-up, GSC increased trunk extension (mean difference (95% CI): 81.8 (34.8, 128.8) s; p = 0.004) and flexion endurance (51.5 (20.5, 82.6) s; p = 0.004), as well as leg muscle strength (24.7 (3.4, 46.0) kg; p = 0.001) and endurance (9.1 (1.7, 16.4) reps; p = 0.015) compared to MCMT. GSC reduced disability (−5.7 (−11.2, −0.2) pts; p = 0.041) and kinesiophobia (−6.6 (−9.9, −3.2) pts; p < 0.001) compared to MCMT at 6-month follow-up. Multifidus volume increased within-group for GSC (p = 0.003), but not MCMT or between-groups. No other between-group changes were observed at six months. Overall, GSC improved trunk endurance, leg muscle strength and endurance, self-report disability and kinesiophobia compared to MCMT at six months. These results show that GSC may provide a more diverse range of treatment effects compared to MCMT.
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Pérez-Castilla A, Comfort P, McMahon JJ, Pestaña-Melero FL, García-Ramos A. Comparison of the Force-, Velocity-, and Power-Time Curves Between the Concentric-Only and Eccentric-Concentric Bench Press Exercises. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1618-1624. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Skeletal muscle hypertrophy: molecular and applied aspects of exercise physiology. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-020-00652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rauch JT, Ugrinowitsch C, Barakat CI, Alvarez MR, Brummert DL, Aube DW, Barsuhn AS, Hayes D, Tricoli V, De Souza EO. Auto-Regulated Exercise Selection Training Regimen Produces Small Increases in Lean Body Mass and Maximal Strength Adaptations in Strength-trained Individuals. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1133-1140. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Methenitis S, Mpampoulis T, Spiliopoulou P, Papadimas G, Papadopoulos C, Chalari E, Evangelidou E, Stasinaki AN, Nomikos T, Terzis G. Muscle fiber composition, jumping performance, and rate of force development adaptations induced by different power training volumes in females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:996-1006. [PMID: 32203677 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of 3 different eccentric-only power training volumes on muscle fiber type composition and power performance. Twenty-nine females were assigned into 3 groups and performed 10 weeks of either 3 (low volume), 6 (moderate volume), or 9 (high volume) sets/session of 4 fast-velocity eccentric-only half-squats against 70% of concentric 1-repetition maximum (1RM), followed by 3 maximum countermovement jumps (CMJs) after each set. Half-squat 1RM, CMJ height/power, maximum isometric force, rate of force development (RFD) and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) were increased in all groups (p = 0.001). Low-volume training induced higher increases in CMJ height/power and early RFD, compared with the moderate- and high-volume training programs (p < 0.001). Significant reductions in type IIx muscle fiber percentages and %CSAs were found after moderate- and high-volume training, with concomitant increases in type IIa fibers (p = 0.001). Significant correlations were found between the changes in type IIa and type IIx percentages, fiber CSA, %CSA, and the changes in performance (r: -0.787 to 0.792; p < 0.05). These results suggest that relatively large eccentric power training volumes may result in detrimental neuromuscular adaptations, minimal changes in early RFD, and a reduction of type IIx muscle fiber percentage. Novelty Low but not high volume of power training maintains type IIx muscle fibers. Early rate of force development increases after a low- or moderate-power training volume, but not after a high-power training volume. Training-induced changes in type IIx muscle fiber percentage is related with changes in early rate of force development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Methenitis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37, Daphne, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Mpampoulis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37, Daphne, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Spiliopoulou
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37, Daphne, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papadimas
- A'Neurology Clinic, Aiginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Leof. Vasilissis Sofias 72, Athina 115 28, Greece
| | - Constantinos Papadopoulos
- A'Neurology Clinic, Aiginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Leof. Vasilissis Sofias 72, Athina 115 28, Greece
| | - Eleanna Chalari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Eftychia Evangelidou
- Department of Infection Control, G.N.N. Ionias "Konstantopouleio-Patision" Hospital, Agias Olgas 3-5, 14233, Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37, Daphne, Athens, Greece
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Terzis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37, Daphne, Athens, Greece
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Chaves TS, Pires de Campos Biazon TM, Marcelino Eder Dos Santos L, Libardi CA. Effects of resistance training with controlled versus self-selected repetition duration on muscle mass and strength in untrained men. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8697. [PMID: 32185108 PMCID: PMC7061915 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of self-selected repetition duration (SELF), with and without volume load (VL) equalized with controlled repetition duration (CON) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in untrained males. We used a within-subjects design in which 20 volunteers (age: 24.7 ± 2.9 years) had one leg randomly assigned to CON (i.e., 2 s concentric, 2 s eccentric) and the other to SELF or to self-selected repetition duration with equalized volume load (SELF-EV). One repetition maximum (1-RM) and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured at baseline (Pre) and after (Post) resistance training (RT; 2×/wk for 8 weeks). For the main study variables (1-RM and muscle CSA), a mixed-model analysis was performed, assuming repetition duration (SELF, SELF-EV and CON), and time (Pre and Post) as fixed factors and the subjects as random factor for each dependent variable (1-RM and CSA). All RT protocols showed significant increases in values of 1-RM from Pre (CON: 73.7 ± 17.6 kg; SELF: 75.9 ± 17.7 kg; and SELF-EV: 72.6 ± 16.9 kg) to Post (CON: 83.4 ± 19.9 kg, effect size (ES): 0.47; SELF: 84 ± 19.1 kg, ES: 0.43; and SELF-EV: 83.2 ± 19.9 kg, ES: 0.57, P < 0.0001). Muscle CSA values increased for all protocols from Pre (CON: 12.09 ± 3.14 cm2; SELF: 11.91 ± 3.71 cm2; and SELF-EV: 11.93 ± 2.32 cm2) to Post (CON: 13.03 ± 3.25 cm2, ES: 0.29; SELF: 13.2 ± 4.16 cm2, ES: 0.32; and SELF-EV: 13.2 ± 2.35 cm2, ES: 0.53, P < 0.0001). No significant differences between protocols were found for both 1-RM and CSA (P > 0.05). Performing RT with SELF, regardless of VL, was equally effective in inducing increases in muscle strength and hypertrophy compared to CON in untrained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talisson Santos Chaves
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Marina Pires de Campos Biazon
- Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy-LACAP, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Marcelino Eder Dos Santos
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krekeler BN, Rowe LM, Connor NP. Dose in Exercise-Based Dysphagia Therapies: A Scoping Review. Dysphagia 2020; 36:1-32. [PMID: 32140905 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal exercise doses for exercise-based approaches to dysphagia treatment are unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, we performed a scoping review to provide a record of doses reported in the literature. A larger goal of this work was to promote detailed consideration of dosing parameters in dysphagia exercise treatments in intervention planning and outcome reporting. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus[Embase], CINAHL, and Cochrane databases from inception to July 2019, with search terms relating to dysphagia and exercises to treat swallowing impairments. Of the eligible 1906 peer-reviewed articles, 72 met inclusionary criteria by reporting, at minimum, both the frequency and duration of their exercise-based treatments. RESULTS Study interventions included tongue exercise (n = 16), Shaker/head lift (n = 13), respiratory muscle strength training (n = 6), combination exercise programs (n = 20), mandibular movement exercises (n = 7), lip muscle training (n = 5), and other programs that did not fit into the categories described above (n = 5). Frequency recommendations varied greatly by exercise type. Duration recommendations ranged from 4 weeks to 1 year. In articles reporting repetitions (n = 66), the range was 1 to 120 reps/day. In articles reporting intensity (n = 59), descriptions included values for force, movement duration, or descriptive verbal cues, such as "as hard as possible." Outcome measures were highly varied across and within specific exercise types. CONCLUSIONS We recommend inclusion of at least the frequency, duration, repetition, and intensity components of exercise dose to improve reproducibility, interpretation, and comparison across studies. Further research is required to determine optimal dose ranges for the wide variety of exercise-based dysphagia interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Krekeler
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Goodnight Hall, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA. .,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Swallowing Cross-Systems Collaborative, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Linda M Rowe
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Goodnight Hall, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Goodnight Hall, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA
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Carvalho L, Barroso R. Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Strength Endurance Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 33:3332-3337. [PMID: 30844989 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carvalho, L and Barroso, R. Ischemic preconditioning improves strength endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3332-3337, 2019-Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been used to improve performances in aerobic and anaerobic activities. However, a few studies aimed at observing the effects of IPC on resistance training. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of IPC on the number of repetitions performed during high-load resistance training. We also aimed at investigating blood lactate concentration and muscle activation in an attempt to understand the physiological mechanisms that may be caused by IPC. Ten resistance-trained participants performed four 5-minute cycles of either IPC (250 mm Hg) or Placebo (10 mm Hg) before performing a single set to failure of knee extension exercise with 85% of 1 repetition maximum. We also assessed muscle activation during the set (EMGRMS), median power frequency (EMGMPF), and blood lactate concentration before, 3, 7, and 11 minutes after (peak value was identified and used to calculate delta to prevalues, Δlactate). Data are presented as mean, 90% confidence intervals (CIs), and were analyzed with paired t-test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Participants performed on average 3.9 repetitions (90% CI = 2.4-5.4; p = 0.01), which is ∼20%, more in the IPC condition. There were no significant differences between IPC and Placebo for EMGMPF (5.0%; 90% CI = -5.2 to 15; p = 0.50), EMGRMS (4.5%; 90% CI = -8.8 to 17; p = 0.78), and Δlactate (44%; 90% CI = 11-144; p = 0.16). Our results demonstrate the effect of IPC just on the number of repetitions performed in high-load resistance exercise compared with the Placebo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Carvalho
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Training on Whole-Body Muscle Growth in Healthy Adult Males. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041285. [PMID: 32079265 PMCID: PMC7068252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interventions, determined the magnitude of whole-body hypertrophy in humans (healthy males) and observed the individual responsibility of each variable in muscle growth after resistance training (RT). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception until 10 May 2018 for original articles assessing the effects of RT on muscle size after interventions of more than 2 weeks of duration. Specifically, we obtain the variables fat-free mass (FMM), lean muscle mass (LMM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The effects on outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) and a random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regressions determined covariates (age, weight, height, durations in weeks…) to explore the moderate effect related to the participants and characteristics of training. One hundred and eleven studies (158 groups, 1927 participants) reported on the effects of RT for muscle mass. RT significantly increased muscle mass (FFM+LMM+SMM; Δ1.53 kg; 95% CI [1.30, 1.76], p < 0.001; I2 = 0%, p = 1.00). Considering the overall effects of the meta-regression, and taking into account the participants’ characteristics, none of the studied covariates explained any effect on changes in muscle mass. Regarding the training characteristics, the only significant variable that explained the variance of the hypertrophy was the sets per workout, showing a significant negative interaction (MD; estimate: 1.85, 95% CI [1.45, 2.25], p < 0.001; moderator: -0.03 95% CI [−0.05, −0.001] p = 0.04). In conclusion, RT has a significant effect on the improvement of hypertrophy (~1.5 kg). The excessive sets per workout affects negatively the muscle mass gain.
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Barbosa AC, Ferreira THN, Leis LV, Gourgoulis V, Barroso R. Does a 4-week training period with hand paddles affect front-crawl swimming performance? J Sports Sci 2020; 38:511-517. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1710382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vassilios Gourgoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Renato Barroso
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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