1
|
Enes A, Oneda G, Leonel DF, Ramos RA, Kvas-Cabral VC, Bernardo MF, Escalante G, Souza-Junior TP. Drop-Set Resistance Training versus Pyramidal and Traditional Sets Elicits Greater Psychophysiological Responses in Men. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:1624-1643. [PMID: 37197987 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231176729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We compared the effects of resistance training (ResisT) to pyramidal and traditional weightlifting sets on men's psychophysiological responses. In a randomized crossover design, 24 resistance-trained males performed drop-set, descending pyramid, and traditional ResisT in the barbell back squat, 45° leg press, and seated knee extension. We assessed participants' rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and feelings of pleasure/displeasure (FPD) at the end of each set and at 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes post-session. No differences were detected across ResisT Methods in total training volume (p = 0.180). Post hoc comparisons revealed that drop-set training elicited higher RPE (M 8.8 SD 0.7 arbitrary units) and lower FPD (M -1.4 SD 1.5 arbitrary units) values compared to descending pyramid (M Set RPE 8.0 SD 0.9 arbitrary units and M Set FPD 0.4 SD 1.6 arbitrary units) and traditional set (M Set RPE 7.5 SD 1.1 arbitrary units and M Set FPD 1.3 SD 1.2 arbitrary units) schemes (p < 0.05). In addition, drop-set training elicited higher session RPE (M 8.1 SD 0.8 arbitrary units) and lower session FPD (M 0.2 SD 1.4 arbitrary units) values than descending pyramid and traditional ResisT (p < 0.001). Similarly, descending pyramid training elicited higher session RPE (M 6.6 SD 0.9 arbitrary units) and lower session FPD (M 1.2 SD 1.4 arbitrary units) than traditional set (M Session RPE 5.9 SD 0.8 arbitrary units and M Session FPD 1.5 SD 1.2 arbitrary units) training (p = 0.015). No differences were found in the temporality of post-session metrics, suggesting that testing 10 and 15 minutes post-ResisT was sufficient to assess session RPE (p = 0.480) and session FPD (p = 0.855), respectively. In conclusion, even with similar total training volume, drop-set training elicited more pronounced psychophysiological responses than either pyramidal or traditional ResisT in resistance-trained males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alysson Enes
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Oneda
- Sports Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Danilo Fonseca Leonel
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Renan Alberton Ramos
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Vinnicius C Kvas-Cabral
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mauro F Bernardo
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Escalante
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University (CSU), San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Tácito P Souza-Junior
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martín-Rivera F, Beato M, Alepuz-Moner V, Maroto-Izquierdo S. Use of concentric linear velocity to monitor flywheel exercise load. Front Physiol 2022; 13:961572. [PMID: 36035469 PMCID: PMC9412162 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.961572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To propose the concentric linear velocity measurement as a valid method to quantify load and individualise the prescription of flywheel training, we investigated the relationship between inertial load and mean concentric linear velocity (MCLV) during the flywheel squat exercise in a wide spectrum of intensities. In addition, we compared MCLV and subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after each load. Methods: Twenty-five physically active men volunteered for this study (26.5 ± 2.9 years, 179.5 ± 4.2 cm, 81.6 ± 8.6 kg). After familiarization, all participants performed two inertial progressive load tests on separated days to determine the flywheel load-velocity profile and its reliability. Each participant performed 5 set of 6 repetitions of the flywheel squat exercise with different inertial loads (0.047, 0.104, 0.161, 0.245, 0.321 kg m2) selected in a counterbalanced and randomized order for each testing day. Average MCLV and RPE for each load were compared. Results: The inter-session intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed values above 0.9 in all the included outcomes (MCLV: ICC = 0.91; RPE: ICC = 0.93). A significant correlation (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.80) between inertial load and MCLV was found. Similarly, significant correlation models (p < 0.01) were observed between RPE and load (R2 = 0.87) and (R2 = 0.71) between RPE and MCLV. Conclusion: The control of MCLV during flywheel exercise can be proposed as a valid method to quantify load and to individualize the prescription of flywheel training. In addition, RPE responses have demonstrated significant correlations with load and velocity. Therefore, RPE has been proposed as a valid and reliable alternative to control flywheel training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martín-Rivera
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Fernando Martín-Rivera,
| | - Marco Beato
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
- Proporción A, Applied Sports Science Centre, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lea JWD, O'Driscoll JM, Hulbert S, Scales J, Wiles JD. Convergent Validity of Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Resistance Exercise in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:2. [PMID: 35000021 PMCID: PMC8742800 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The validity of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during aerobic training is well established; however, its validity during resistance exercise is less clear. This meta-analysis used the known relationships between RPE and exercise intensity (EI), heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa), blood pressure (BP) and electromyography (EMG) to determine the convergent validity of RPE as a measure of resistance exercise intensity and physiological exertion, during different forms of resistance exercise. Additionally, this study aims to assess the effect of several moderator variables on the strength of the validity coefficients, so that clearer guidance can be given on the use of RPE during resistance exercise. Methods An online search of 4 databases and websites (PubMed, Web of Science SPORTDiscus and ResearchGate) was conducted up to 28 February 2020. Additionally, the reference lists of the included articles were inspected manually for further unidentified studies. The inclusion criteria were healthy participants of any age, a rating scale used to measure RPE, resistance exercise of any type, one cohort receiving no other intervention, and must present data from one of the following outcome measures: EI, HR, BP, EMG or BLa. Weighted mean effect sizes (r) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the τ2 and I2 statistics. Moderator analysis was conducted using random-effects meta-regression. Results One-hundred and eighteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with 75 studies (99 unique cohorts) included in the meta-analysis. The overall weighted mean validity coefficient was large (0.88; 95% CI 0.84–0.91) and between studies heterogeneity was very large (τ2 = 0.526, I2 = 96.1%). Studies using greater workload ranges, isometric muscle actions, and those that manipulated workload or repetition time, showed the highest validity coefficients. Conversely, sex, age, training status, RPE scale used, and outcome measure no significant effect. Conclusions RPE provides a valid measure of exercise intensity and physiological exertion during resistance exercise, with effect sizes comparable to or greater than those shown during aerobic exercise. Therefore, RPE may provide an easily accessible means of prescribing and monitoring resistance exercise training. Trial Registration The systematic review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42018102640). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-021-00386-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W D Lea
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK.
| | - Jamie M O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Sabina Hulbert
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - James Scales
- Institute of Population and Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jonathan D Wiles
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vargas-Molina S, Martín-Rivera F, Bonilla DA, Petro JL, Carbone L, Romance R, deDiego M, Schoenfeld BJ, Benítez-Porres J. Comparison of blood lactate and perceived exertion responses in two matched time-under-tension protocols. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227640. [PMID: 31940407 PMCID: PMC6961884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of blood lactate [bLa-] and the subjective perception of exertion of trained men in a moderate repetition protocol (MRP) versus a high repetition protocol (HRP) equated for time under tension. Methods A sample of 40 healthy young men (aged, 23.2 ± 4.0 years; height, 177.3 ± 7.0 cm; BMI, 24.3 ± 2.2) performed two sessions of 8 sets of bicep curls with a one-week recovery interval between the trials. In the HRP protocol, 20 repetitions were performed with a cadence of 2 seconds of eccentric and 1 second of concentric, while in the MRP protocol 10 repetitions were performed with 4 seconds of eccentric and 2 seconds of concentric. Cadences were controlled by a metronome. At the beginning and end of each of the sessions, blood lactate was taken at 2, 15, and 30 minutes, and rating of perceived exertion (OMNI-RES) was assessed immediately after completion of each session. Results There were [bLa-] differences between protocols in the MRP 2 min, (5.2 ±1.4); 15 min, (3.2 ±1.2); 30 min, (1.9 ±0.6); p< 0.05, and the HRP 2 min, (6.1 ±1.6); 15 min, (3.7 ±1.1); 30 min, (2.2 ±0.6); p<0.01. OMNI-RES was higher in HRP, (8.8 ±0.7) than in MRP, (7.7 ±0.9). Additionally, a correlation was found between the RPE and [bLa-] values in the HRP protocol (rs = 0.35, p < 0.01). Conclusions Training protocols with high times under tension promote substantial increases in metabolic stress, however, our findings indicate that HRP generates more [bLa-] than MRP. In addition, there were higher RPE values in the HRP protocol compared to MRP in single-joint exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | | | - Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel deDiego
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Brad J. Schoenfeld
- Health Sciences Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen TC, Huang GL, Hsieh CC, Tseng KW, Tseng WC, Chou TY, Nosaka K. Comparison among three different intensities of eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors resulting in the same strength loss at one day post-exercise for changes in indirect muscle damage markers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 120:267-279. [PMID: 31811382 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study compared three different intensity elbow flexor eccentric exercises resulting in the same magnitude of maximal voluntary isomeric contraction torque (MVC) decrease at 1 day post-exercise for changes in several indirect markers of muscle damage and proprioception. METHODS Sedentary young men performed eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors using a dumbbell corresponding to either 10%, 50% or 100% of MVC to induce ~ 20% decrease in MVC at 1 day post-exercise (n = 12/group). MVC, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference (CIR), muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, and proprioception measures (force match, joint position sense) were taken before to 5 days after exercise, and the changes were compared among the groups. RESULTS MVC and ROM recovered faster (P < 0.05) in the order of 10% (e.g., 3 days post-exercise: - 3 ± 4%, 0 ± 1%), 50% (- 12 ± 3%, - 3 ± 2%) and 100% group (- 16 ± 4%, - 5 ± 1%). Peak CIR, muscle soreness and CK activity were smaller for 10% (Δ3 ± 1 mm, 26 ± 10 mm, 1049 ± 316 IU/L) than 50% (Δ6 ± 2 mm, 36 ± 14 mm, 1473 ± 429 IU/L) and 100% groups (Δ8 ± 2 mm, 47 ± 15 mm, 2104 ± 929 IU/L). The proprioception measures recovered faster (P < 0.05) for 10% followed by 50% then 100% group. The recovery rate of MVC from immediately to 1 day post-exercise was correlated (P < 0.05) with the changes in the muscle damage and proprioception markers. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the MVC at 1 day post-exercise does not necessarily predict the changes in muscle damage markers in the following days, but the MVC recovery rate in the first 24 h reflects the magnitude of muscle damage better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, P.O. Box 97-71, Wenshan Wansheng, Taipei City, 11699, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Ling Huang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, P.O. Box 97-71, Wenshan Wansheng, Taipei City, 11699, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chan Hsieh
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, P.O. Box 97-71, Wenshan Wansheng, Taipei City, 11699, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ying Chou
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chapman M, Larumbe-Zabala E, Gosss-Sampson M, Colpus M, Triplett NT, Naclerio F. Perceptual, Mechanical, and Electromyographic Responses to Different Relative Loads in the Parallel Squat. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:8-16. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Chapman M, Larumbe-Zabala E, Goss-Sampson M, Triplett NT, Naclerio F. Using Perceptual and Neuromuscular Responses to Estimate Mechanical Changes During Continuous Sets in the Bench Press. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 33:2722-2732. [PMID: 29481450 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chapman, M, Larumbe-Zabala, E, Gosss-Sampson, M, Triplett, NT, and Naclerio, F. Using perceptual and neuromuscular responses to estimate mechanical changes during continuous sets in the bench press. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2722-2732, 2019-This study analyzed the effectiveness of the OMNI-RES (0-10) and the electromyographic signal for monitoring changes in the movement velocity during a set to muscular failure performed with different relative loads in the bench press (BP) exercise. Ten males (30.8 ± 5.7 years) were evaluated on 8 separate days with 48 hours of rest between sessions. After determining the 1 repetition maximum value, participants performed 7 sets to failure with the following relative loads ranges: 30 < 40%, 40 < 50%, 50 < 60%, 60 < 70%, 70 < 80%, 80 < 90%, and >90%. The mean accelerative velocity (MAV), the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and the normalized root-mean-square (N-RMS) signal from the anterior deltoids were measured for every repetition of each set. The RPE expressed after the first repetition and when the maximum value of MAV was achieved over the sets was lower (p < 0.001, d > 0.80) than the RPE associated with a 10% drop in MAV and at failure. Furthermore, the initial RPE was useful to distinguish different loading zones between the light relative loads (30 < 40% vs. 40 < 50% vs. 50 < 60%) and from these 3 zones to the higher relative load ranges (60 to >90%). Similar, but less clear, differences were observed for the N-RMS. In conclusion, apart from differentiating between relative loads, the RPE and in some cases N-RMS can both reflect changes associated with the initial, maximal, 10% drop in movement velocity, and muscular failure during a continuous set in the BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chapman
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Goss-Sampson
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - N Travis Triplett
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Fernando Naclerio
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Differentiation between perceived effort and discomfort during resistance training in older adults:Reliability of trainee ratings of effort and discomfort,and reliability and validity of trainer ratings of trainee effort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17338/trainology.6.1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|