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Younes-Egaña O, Bird SP, Calleja-González J. From Theory to Practice: A Worldwide Cross-Sectional Survey About Flywheel Training in Basketball. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:185-194. [PMID: 38134893 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the global implementation of flywheel training (FT) by basketball strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches in various contexts, encompassing daily practice, games, and sessions. METHODS Survey data were collected from 117 basketball S&C coaches who participated in a 24-question online survey. The survey was structured into 6 key areas, including country and competition, S&C coach context, training methodology, flywheel and competition, postactivation performance enhancement, and recovery. RESULTS Notably, all respondents emphasized the necessity of a familiarization period with flywheel technology, with a substantial 96% indicating that FT yielded improved player performance on the court. The predominant mention was the conical pulley system. During the season, the prevalent approach involved integrating FT into training twice a week, allocating <15 minutes per session, often in conjunction with traditional strength training. A diverse array of lower-body closed kinetic chain exercises were reported, encompassing squats, decelerations, and backward lunges. Intriguingly, FT implementation on match days was unlikely (77%), with the primary aims cited as injury prevention (34%) and enhancing players' strength levels during various phases of the regular season (27%). CONCLUSIONS Recognizing its inherent limitations, this descriptive study provides valuable contextual insights and practical applications for professional basketball practitioners grappling with the utilization of FT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen P Bird
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Lazarczuk SL, Maniar N, Opar DA, Duhig SJ, Shield A, Barrett RS, Bourne MN. Mechanical, Material and Morphological Adaptations of Healthy Lower Limb Tendons to Mechanical Loading: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2405-2429. [PMID: 35657492 PMCID: PMC9474511 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to increased mechanical loading during physical training can lead to increased tendon stiffness. However, the loading regimen that maximises tendon adaptation and the extent to which adaptation is driven by changes in tendon material properties or tendon geometry is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To determine (1) the effect of mechanical loading on tendon stiffness, modulus and cross-sectional area (CSA); (2) whether adaptations in stiffness are driven primarily by changes in CSA or modulus; (3) the effect of training type and associated loading parameters (relative intensity; localised strain, load duration, load volume and contraction mode) on stiffness, modulus or CSA; and (4) whether the magnitude of adaptation in tendon properties differs between age groups. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE) were searched for studies detailing load-induced adaptations in tendon morphological, material or mechanical properties. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and data were pooled using a random effects model to estimate variance. Meta regression was used to examine the moderating effects of changes in tendon CSA and modulus on tendon stiffness. RESULTS Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants in the included studies was 763. The Achilles tendon (33 studies) and the patella tendon (24 studies) were the most commonly studied regions. Resistance training was the main type of intervention (49 studies). Mechanical loading produced moderate increases in stiffness (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.86), large increases in modulus (SMD 0.82; 95% CI 0.58-1.07), and small increases in CSA (SMD 0.22; 95% CI 0.12-0.33). Meta-regression revealed that the main moderator of increased stiffness was modulus. Resistance training interventions induced greater increases in modulus than other training types (SMD 0.90; 95% CI 0.65-1.15) and higher strain resistance training protocols induced greater increases in modulus (SMD 0.82; 95% CI 0.44-1.20; p = 0.009) and stiffness (SMD 1.04; 95% CI 0.65-1.43; p = 0.007) than low-strain protocols. The magnitude of stiffness and modulus differences were greater in adult participants. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical loading leads to positive adaptation in lower limb tendon stiffness, modulus and CSA. Studies to date indicate that the main mechanism of increased tendon stiffness due to physical training is increased tendon modulus, and that resistance training performed at high compared to low localised tendon strains is associated with the greatest positive tendon adaptation. PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019141299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Lazarczuk
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Nirav Maniar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Opar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven J Duhig
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rod S Barrett
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew N Bourne
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Burton I, McCormack A. Inertial Flywheel Resistance Training in Tendinopathy Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:775-786. [PMID: 35949372 PMCID: PMC9340832 DOI: 10.26603/001c.36437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inertial Flywheel Resistance Training (IFRT) has recently emerged as a beneficial rehabilitation option for some musculoskeletal disorders. Although the use of resistance training as treatment for tendinopathy has become widespread, it is unclear if IFRT has efficacy as a treatment option for tendinopathies. Objective To identify current evidence on IFRT in the treatment of tendinopathy, evaluating intervention parameters and outcomes. Methods This scoping review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, EMBase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane library (Controlled trials, Systematic reviews), and five trial registries. Two independent reviewers screened studies at title, abstract and full text. Following screening, data were extracted and charted, and presented as figures and tables alongside a narrative synthesis. Any study design conducted on adults, investigating the effects of IFRT for tendinopathy were included. Data were extracted on intervention parameters and outcomes of IFRT interventions. Results Four studies on patellar tendinopathy were included. A variety of outcomes were assessed, including pain, function, strength, power, and tendon morphological and mechanical properties, particularly changes in tendon thickness. IFRT intervention parameters were largely homogenously prescribed, with slight variances. Conclusion Despite a paucity of studies to date on the effects of IFRT for treating tendinopathy, preliminary evidence for beneficial effects of IFRT on clinical outcomes in patellar tendinopathy is encouraging. As IFRT is a relatively new and unexplored method in tendinopathy rehabilitation, definitive conclusions, and recommendations cannot be made at present, which should be addressed in future research, due to the potential therapeutic benefits highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Burton
- Musculoskeletal physiotherapy, NHS Grampian
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Rodriguez Sanz D, LOSA IGLESIAS MARTA, BECERRO DE BENGOA VALLEJO RICARDO, SORIANO MEDRANO ALFREDO, MORALES PONCE ANGEL, CALVO LOBO CESAR, San Antolin M, Ramirez Navarro PC, Garcia Garcia D. Actualización científica en ecografía y tendinopatía aquilea. Implicaciones anatómicas relacionadas, abordaje terapéutico y nuevas perspectivas basadas en la evidencia. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PODOLOGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1632/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Acceleration Profiles and the Isoinertial Squatting Exercise: Is There a Direct Effect on Concentric-Eccentric Force, Power, and Neuromuscular Efficiency? J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:646-652. [PMID: 33378739 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the selective influences of distinct acceleration profiles on the neuromuscular efficiency, force, and power during concentric and eccentric phases of isoinertial squatting exercise. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Biomechanics laboratory of the university. PARTICIPANTS A total of 38 active adults were divided according to their acceleration profiles: higher (n = 17; >2.5 m/s2) and lower acceleration group (n = 21; <2.5 m/s2). INTERVENTION All subjects performed squats until failure attached to an isoinertial conic pulley device monitored by surface electromyography of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES An incremental optical encoder was used to assess maximal and mean power and force during concentric and eccentric phases. The neuromuscular efficiency was calculated using the mean force and the electromyographic linear envelope. RESULTS Between-group differences were observed for the maximal and mean force (Prange = .001-.005), power (P = .001), and neuromuscular efficiency (Prange = .001-.03) with higher significant values for the higher acceleration group in both concentric and eccentric phases. CONCLUSION Distinct acceleration profiles affect the neuromuscular efficiency, force, and power during concentric and eccentric phases of isoinertial squatting exercise. To ensure immediate higher levels of power and force output without depriving the neuromuscular system, acceleration profiles higher than 2.5 m/s2 are preferable. The acceleration profiles could be an alternative to evolve the isoinertial exercise.
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Variability in the Application of Eccentric Force Using Different Rotary Inertia Devices May Influence the Treatment of Tendinopathy. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 31:235-238. [PMID: 34426554 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High intraset variability has been considered as a potential aid in the treatment of tendinopathy by producing forces in variable and unpredictable contexts that allow the athlete to return to sport pain free. The aim of this study was to compare the intraset variability in force profiles between different rotational inertia devices (RIDs) during concentric and eccentric (ECC) phases of movement and between different moments of inertia. Thirty-nine men performed a half-squat incremental test on 2 different RIDs: a horizontal cylinder and a vertical cone-shaped axis. Intraset variabilities in vertical force and velocity were analyzed using average coefficients of variation. RID squat exercise produced force intraset variability. The ECC phase of the movement showed more intraset variability in force output than the concentric phase. ECC vertical cone-shaped shaft showed a higher intraset variability in force than ECC horizontal cylinder-shaped shaft. This study demonstrated that using an RID to provide resistance in squat training of athletes produced a high intraset variability in the application of force.
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Explaining Variability in the Prevalence of Achilles Tendon Abnormalities: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Imaging Studies in Asymptomatic Individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021; 51:232-252. [PMID: 33779214 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.9970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, Achilles tendon abnormalities observed on imaging in asymptomatic individuals. DESIGN Systematic review with stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. LITERATURE SEARCH Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched from 1980 to August 2020. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies that reported the prevalence of Achilles tendon abnormalities, observed with any imaging modality, in an asymptomatic population. We excluded studies if participant mean age was younger than 12 years or if participants had current/previous lower-limb tendon injuries/symptoms or other systemic conditions. DATA SYNTHESIS Random-effects proportion meta-analysis was used to estimate prevalence. We used meta-regression for continuous variables (mean age and body mass index [BMI], sample size, proportion of female participants) and stratified categorical variables (imaging modality and participation in physical activity) to explain between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS We included 91 studies (10 156 limbs, 5841 participants). The prevalence of Achilles tendon abnormalities on imaging ranged from 0% to 80% per participant. Between-study heterogeneity was high (I2>90%, P<.001), precluding data pooling. Between-study heterogeneity was partly explained by participant mean BMI (slope, 2.8% per 1-unit increase in BMI; 95% confidence interval: 0.57%, 5.03%; P = .015) and participation in physical activity per limb, and mean age of 40 years old or older (P = .022) per participant. CONCLUSION There was substantial variability in the prevalence of Achilles tendon abnormalities on imaging in asymptomatic individuals. Higher prevalence of abnormalities was associated with older age (40 years old or older), higher BMI, and participation in physical activity. A large proportion of heterogeneity remains unaccounted for, likely due to variations in abnormality definitions and study design. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(5):232-252. Epub 28 Mar 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9970.
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Risch L, Mayer F, Cassel M. Doppler Flow Response Following Running Exercise Differs Between Healthy and Tendinopathic Achilles Tendons. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650507. [PMID: 33833692 PMCID: PMC8021791 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between exercise-induced intratendinous blood flow (IBF) and tendon pathology or training exposure is unclear. Objective This study investigates the acute effect of running exercise on sonographic detectable IBF in healthy and tendinopathic Achilles tendons (ATs) of runners and recreational participants. Methods 48 participants (43 ± 13 years, 176 ± 9 cm, 75 ± 11 kg) performed a standardized submaximal 30-min constant load treadmill run with Doppler ultrasound “Advanced dynamic flow” examinations before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5-U120) afterward. Included were runners (>30 km/week) and recreational participants (<10 km/week) with healthy (Hrun, n = 10; Hrec, n = 15) or tendinopathic (Trun, n = 13; Trec, n = 10) ATs. IBF was assessed by counting number [n] of intratendinous vessels. IBF data are presented descriptively (%, median [minimum to maximum range] for baseline-IBF and IBF-difference post-exercise). Statistical differences for group and time point IBF and IBF changes were analyzed with Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results At baseline, IBF was detected in 40% (3 [1–6]) of Hrun, in 53% (4 [1–5]) of Hrec, in 85% (3 [1–25]) of Trun, and 70% (10 [2–30]) of Trec. At U5 IBF responded to exercise in 30% (3 [−1–9]) of Hrun, in 53% (4 [−2–6]) of Hrec, in 70% (4 [−10–10]) of Trun, and in 80% (5 [1–10]) of Trec. While IBF in 80% of healthy responding ATs returned to baseline at U30, IBF remained elevated until U120 in 60% of tendinopathic ATs. Within groups, IBF changes from Upre-U120 were significant for Hrec (p < 0.01), Trun (p = 0.05), and Trec (p < 0.01). Between groups, IBF changes in consecutive examinations were not significantly different (p > 0.05) but IBF-level was significantly higher at all measurement time points in tendinopathic versus healthy ATs (p < 0.05). Conclusion Irrespective of training status and tendon pathology, running leads to an immediate increase of IBF in responding tendons. This increase occurs shortly in healthy and prolonged in tendinopathic ATs. Training exposure does not alter IBF occurrence, but IBF level is elevated in tendon pathology. While an immediate exercise-induced IBF increase is a physiological response, prolonged IBF is considered a pathological finding associated with Achilles tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Risch
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Cassel
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Geremia JM, Baroni BM, Bini RR, Lanferdini FJ, de Lima AR, Herzog W, Vaz MA. Triceps Surae Muscle Architecture Adaptations to Eccentric Training. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1456. [PMID: 31849706 PMCID: PMC6901927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eccentric exercises have been used in physical training, injury prevention, and rehabilitation programs. The systematic use of eccentric training promotes specific morphological adaptations on skeletal muscles. However, synergistic muscles, such as the triceps surae components, might display different structural adaptations due to differences in architecture, function, and load sharing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an eccentric training program on the triceps surae (GM, gastrocnemius medialis; GL, gastrocnemius lateralis; and SO, soleus) muscle architecture. Methods Twenty healthy male subjects (26 ± 4 years) underwent a 4-week control period followed by a 12-week eccentric training program. Muscle architecture [fascicle length (FL), pennation angle (PA), and muscle thickness (MT)] of GM, GL, and SO was evaluated every 4 weeks by ultrasonography. Results Fascicle lengths (GM: 13.2%; GL: 8.8%; SO: 21%) and MT (GM: 14.9%; GL: 15.3%; SO: 19.1%) increased from pre- to post-training, whereas PAs remained similar. GM and SO FL and MT increased up to the 8th training week, whereas GL FL increased up to the 4th week. SO displayed the highest, and GL the smallest gains in FL post-training. Conclusion All three synergistic plantar flexor muscles increased FL and MT with eccentric training. MT increased similarly among the synergistic muscles, while the muscle with the shortest FL at baseline (SO) showed the greatest increase in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeam Marcel Geremia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rico Bini
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Fabio Juner Lanferdini
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues de Lima
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Engineering, Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Nunes GS, Tessarin BM, Scattone Silva R, Serrão FV. Relationship between the architecture and function of ankle plantar flexors with Achilles tendon morphology in ballet dancers. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 67:102494. [PMID: 31326740 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy is the most frequent foot overuse injury in ballet dancers and knowledge of clinically modifiable factors related to tendon structure in a population at risk, such as ballet dancers, would be important for the development of preventive programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess relationships of gastrocnemius muscle architecture and ankle plantar flexors function with Achilles tendon morphology in ballet dancers. Fifty-four measures from 27 ballet dancers were collected. Tendon morphology (thickness, echogenicity, hypoechoic areas and neovascularisation) and muscle architecture (thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length) were evaluated using ultrasonography; ankle plantar flexors torque was evaluated using hand-held dynamometry, flexibility was evaluated in maximal weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion position using inclinometer, and endurance was evaluated using the heel rise test. Ankle plantar flexors torque and medial gastrocnemius muscle architecture (thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length) are associated with Achilles tendon thickness in ballet dancers (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.008). Ankle plantar flexors torque and medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicle length are also associated with the echogenicity of the Achilles tendon (r2 = 0.13, p = 0.03). These findings call attention to the potential importance of ankle plantar flexors muscle force in healthy ballet dancers for the prevention of alterations in Achilles tendon structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S Nunes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
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Tesch PA, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR. Clinical Applications of Iso-Inertial, Eccentric-Overload (YoYo™) Resistance Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28496410 PMCID: PMC5406462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest for a viable non-gravity dependent method to "lift weights" in space, our laboratory introduced iso-inertial resistance (YoYo™) exercise using spinning flywheel(s), more than 25 years ago. After being thoroughly tested in individuals subjected to various established spaceflight analogs, a multi-mode YoYo™ exercise apparatus was eventually installed on the International Space Station in 2009. The method, applicable to any muscle group, provides accommodated resistance and optimal muscle loading through the full range of motion of concentric actions, and brief episodes of eccentric overload. This exercise intervention has found terrestrial applications and shown success in enhancing sports performance and preventing injury and aiding neurological or orthopedic rehabilitation. Research has proven that this technique offers unique physiological responses not possible with other exercise hardware solutions. This paper provides a brief overview of research that has made use, and explored the efficacy, of this method in healthy sedentary or physically active individuals and populations suffering from muscle wasting, disease or injury. While the collective evidence to date suggests YoYo™ offers a potent stimulus to optimize the benefits of resistance exercise, systematic research to support clinical use of this method has only begun to emerge. Thus, we also offer perspectives on unresolved issues, unexplored applications for clinical conditions, and how this particular exercise paradigm could be implemented in future clinical research and eventually being prescribed. Fields of particular interest are those aimed at promoting muscle health by preventing injury or combating muscle wasting and neurological or metabolic dysfunction due to aging or illness, or those serving in rehabilitation following trauma and/or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per A Tesch
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, SCK•CENMol, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy R Lundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
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