1
|
Abrahin O, Abrahin RP, Guimarães M, de Holanda VBT, Figueiredo FADPL, Viana Rosa B, de Sousa Neto IV, Rolnick N, de Melo GF, Prestes EF, da Cunha Nascimento D. Blood pressure responsiveness to resistance training in the hypertensive older adult: a randomized controlled study. Blood Press Monit 2024; 29:71-81. [PMID: 38300019 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Different lifestyle changes have been employed to improve clinical hypertension. However, there is scarce evidence on the blood pressure responsiveness to resistance training (RT) in hypertensive older adults. Consequently, little is known about some participants clinically reducing blood pressure and others not. Thus, we investigate the effects and responsiveness of RT on blood pressure in hypertensive older adults. We secondarily evaluated the biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular disease and functional performance. Older participants with hypertension were randomly assigned into RT (n = 27) and control group (n = 25). Blood pressure, functional performance (timed up and go, handgrip strength, biceps curl and sit-to-stand), fasting glucose, and lipid profiles were evaluated preintervention and postintervention. The statistic was performed in a single-blind manner, the statistician did not know who was the control and RT. RT was effective in reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) (pre 135.7 ± 14.7; post 124.7 ± 11.0; P < 0.001) and the responses to RT stimuli varied noticeably between hypertensive older adults after 12 weeks. For example, 13 and 1 responders displayed a minimal clinical important difference for SBP attenuation (10.9 mmHg) in the RT and control groups, respectively. RT improved the functional performance of older people with hypertension, while no differences were found in biochemical parameters (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, fasting glucose) after 12 weeks. In conclusion, responses to RT stimuli varied noticeably between hypertensive individuals and RT was effective in reducing SBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Abrahin
- Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, State University of Para (UEPA), Belém, Pará
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará
| | - Rejane Pequeno Abrahin
- Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, State University of Para (UEPA), Belém, Pará
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará
| | - Mayko Guimarães
- Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, State University of Para (UEPA), Belém, Pará
| | | | | | - Bruno Viana Rosa
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Rolnick
- The Human Performance Mechanic, Lehman College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banks NF, Rogers EM, Stanhewicz AE, Whitaker KM, Jenkins NDM. Resistance exercise lowers blood pressure and improves vascular endothelial function in individuals with elevated blood pressure or stage-1 hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H256-H269. [PMID: 37975709 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00386.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications are the first-line treatment recommendation for elevated blood pressure (BP) or stage-1 hypertension (E/S1H) and include resistance exercise training (RET). The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of a 9-wk RET intervention in line with the current exercise guidelines for individuals with E/S1H on resting peripheral and central BP, vascular endothelial function, central arterial stiffness, autonomic function, and inflammation in middle-aged and older adults (MA/O) with untreated E/S1H. Twenty-six MA/O adults (54 ± 6 yr; 16 females/10 males) with E/S1H engaged in either 9 wk of 3 days/wk RET (n = 13) or a nonexercise control (Con; n = 13). Pre- and postintervention measures included peripheral and central systolic (SBP and cSBP) and diastolic BP (DBP and cDBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), heart rate variability (HRV), and C-reactive protein (CRP). RET caused significant reductions in SBP {mean change ± 95% CI = [-7.9 (-12.1, -3.6) mmHg; P < 0.001]}, cSBP [6.8 (-10.8, -2.7) mmHg; P < 0.001)], DBP [4.8 (-10.3, -1.2) mmHg; P < 0.001], and cDBP [-5.1 (-8.9, -1.3) mmHg; P < 0.001]; increases in FMD [+2.37 (0.61, 4.14)%; P = 0.004] and CO [+1.21 (0.26, 2.15) L/min; P = 0.006]; and a reduction in TPR [-398 (-778, -19) mmHg·s/L; P = 0.028]. RET had no effect on cfPWV, BRS, HRV, or CRP relative to Con (P ≥ 0.20). These data suggest that RET reduces BP in MA/O adults with E/S1H alongside increased peripheral vascular function and decreased TPR without affecting cardiovagal function or central arterial stiffness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is among the first studies to investigate the effects of chronic resistance exercise training on blood pressure (BP) and putative BP regulating mechanisms in middle-aged and older adults with untreated elevated BP or stage-1 hypertension in a randomized, nonexercise-controlled trial. Nine weeks of resistance exercise training elicits 4- to 8-mmHg improvements in systolic and diastolic BP alongside improvements in vascular endothelial function and total peripheral resistance without influencing central arterial stiffness or cardiovagal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nile F Banks
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Emily M Rogers
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Anna E Stanhewicz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Galvão L, Póvoa TIR, Jardim PCV, Lima AL, Barroso WKS, Seguro CS, Gentil P, Jardim TV. Acute effects of high-intensity resistance training on central blood pressure parameters of elderly hypertensive women: a crossover clinical trial. J Hypertens 2023; 41:912-917. [PMID: 37016923 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the acute effects of a high-intensity resistance training session on central blood pressure (CBP) parameters of elderly hypertensive women. METHODS Forty physically active hypertensive women were included in resistance training and control protocols. Resistance training exercises were bench press, leg press and lat pull-down. The resistance training protocol consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions to volitional failure with 90 s of rest between sets. No exercise was performed in the control protocol. CBP parameters were measured in four moments: before (PRE), immediately after (T0), 30 min (T30) and 60 min (T60) following both protocols. RESULTS Resistance training significantly increased central SBP (cSBP) 107.4 ± 16.3 vs. 117.5 ± 16.7), augmentation index ((24.9 ± 12.7 vs. 33.1 ± 12.0), pulse wave velocity (PWV 9.7 ± 1.0 vs. 10.3 ± 1.1), peripheral pulse pressure (pPP 48.5 ± 11.7 vs. 58.9 ± 13.1), central pulse pressure (cPP 38.3 ± 11.6 vs. 46.5 ± 13.1) and amplified pulse pressure (ampPP 10.2 ± 4.2 vs. 12.4 ± 5.6) immediately after exercises. The comparison between groups showed higher values of cSBP (117.5 ± 16.7 vs. 106.3 ± 14.6), augmentation index (20.9 ± 11.0 vs. 33.1 ± 12.0), pPP (46.6 ± 11.0 vs. 58.9 ± 13.1) and cPP (36 ± 10.2 vs. 46.5 ± 13.1) at T0. After 30 min, all variables returned to the baseline values. CONCLUSION High-intensity resistance training session increased CBP parameters immediately after exercises, but those changes were not sustained after 30 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Galvão
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goias
| | - Thaís Inácio Rolim Póvoa
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goias
- School of Physical Education and Therapy (ESEFFEGO), State University of Goias
| | | | | | | | - Camila Simões Seguro
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Veiga Jardim
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goias
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Esmailiyan M, Amerizadeh A, Vahdat S, Ghodsi M, Doewes RI, Sundram Y. Effect of Different Types of Aerobic Exercise on Individuals With and Without Hypertension: An Updated Systematic Review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101034. [PMID: 34718034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is one of the main modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and preventing it greatly reduces the vascular consequences of aging and, along with intensive treatment of hypertension, eliminates a large portion of the burden of CVD-related mortality. Many meta-analyses and studies proved that regular aerobic exercise (AE) reduces BP but most of these studies consider only hypertensive populations or only AE but not resistant exercise or their combination. In this review, we aimed to study the effect of different types of physical activity (PA)/AE on various populations including normotensive, prehypertensive, primary hypertensive, and resistant hypertensive with different comorbidities. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for English articles with keywords for physical activity, aerobic exercise, and blood pressure from January 2010 until September 2021. Finally, 24 studies were included. Results showed that chronic or acute AE (long-term or short-term), either alone or as combined with different sessions and programs can reduce systolic and diastolic BP in every group including normotensive, prehypertensive, primary hypertensive, resistant hypertensive individuals and diabetic patients and those with kidney problems but not in people with chronic heart failure. Isometric exercise training showed to be useful in reducing BP in all groups either as low intensity or as high intensity but the rate of reduction was different in terms of gender. AE showed to be effective in terms of BP reduction in a different age range. It can be seen that different types and duration of AE independent of the modality and programs and independent of the BP medical situation of individuals have been successful in terms of BP reduction. For those with chronic heart failure, more concern and help might be needed to decrease BP via exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Atefeh Amerizadeh
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sahar Vahdat
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Ghodsi
- Assistant Prof. of Cardiovascular surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Rumi Iqbal Doewes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia; Faculty of Sport, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami, 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yamuna Sundram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Correia RR, Veras ASC, Tebar WR, Rufino JC, Batista VRG, Teixeira GR. Strength training for arterial hypertension treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:201. [PMID: 36604479 PMCID: PMC9814600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world and arterial hypertension (AH) accounts for 13.8% of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Strength training interventions could be an important alternative tool for blood pressure control, however, consistent evidence and the most effective training protocol for this purpose are yet to be established. The current study used the Cochrane methodology to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of strength training on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and World Health Organization databases. This review included controlled trials that evaluated the effect of strength training for 8 weeks or more in adults with arterial hypertension, published up to December 2020. Data are described and reported as the weighted mean difference of systolic and diastolic pressure and a 95% confidence interval. Protocol registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020151269. A total of 14 studies were identified, including a combined total of 253 participants with hypertension. The meta-analysis showed that mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased significantly after strength training interventions. The strongest effect of strength training on decreasing blood pressure was observed in protocols with a moderate to vigorous load intensity (> 60% of one-repetition maximum-1RM), a frequency of at least 2 times per week, and a minimum duration of 8 weeks. We concluded that strength training interventions can be used as a non-drug treatment for arterial hypertension, as they promote significant decreases in blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ribeiro Correia
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo-USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Costa Rufino
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Victor Rogério Garcia Batista
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baross AW, Kay AD, Baxter BA, Wright BH, McGowan CL, Swaine IL. Effects of isometric resistance training and detraining on ambulatory blood pressure and morning blood pressure surge in young normotensives. Front Physiol 2022; 13:958135. [PMID: 36160861 PMCID: PMC9500147 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.958135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isometric resistance training (IRT) has been shown to reduce resting and ambulatory blood pressure (BP), as well as BP variability and morning BP surge (MBPS). However, there are no data available regarding how long after cessation of IRT these effects are maintained. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks of detraining on resting BP, ambulatory BP and MBPS following 8 weeks of IRT in a population of young normotensive individuals and to further substantiate previously reported reductions in MBPS following IRT. Twenty-five apparently healthy participants with resting BP within the normal range (16 men, age = 23 ± 6 years; 9 women, age = 22 ± 4 years, resting BP: 123 ± 5/69 ± 7 mmHg) were randomly assigned to a training-detraining (TRA-DT, n = 13) or control (CON, n = 12) group. Resting BP, ambulatory BP and MBPS were measured prior to, after 8 weeks of bilateral leg IRT using an isokinetic dynamometer (4 × 2-min contractions at 20% MVC with 2-min rest periods, 3 days/week) and following an 8-week detraining period. There were significant reductions in 24-h ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) and calculated SBP average real variability (ARV) following IRT that were maintained after detraining (pre-to-post detraining, −6 ± 4 mmHg, p = 0.008, −2 ± 1.5 mmHg, p = 0.001). Similarly, the training-induced decreases in daytime SBP and daytime SBP ARV (pre-to-post detraining, −5 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.001; −2 ± 1.2 mmHg, p = 0.001, respectively), MBPS (pre-to-post detraining, −6 ± 9 mmHg, p = 0.046) and resting SBP (pre-to-post detraining, −4 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.044) were preserved. There were no changes in night-time or night-time SBP ARV across all time points (pre-to-post detraining, −1 ± 8 mmHg, p = 1.00, −0.7 ± 2.9 mmHg, p = 1.00). These results confirm that IRT causes significant reductions in resting BP, ambulatory BP, ambulatory ARV and MBPS. Importantly, the changes remained significantly lower than baseline for 8 weeks after cessation of training, suggesting a sustained effect of IRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. W. Baross
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: A. W. Baross,
| | - A. D. Kay
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - B. A. Baxter
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - B. H. Wright
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - C. L. McGowan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - I. L. Swaine
- Sport Science, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Inter-individual variations in response to aerobic and resistance training in hypertensive older adults. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1090-1098. [PMID: 35703877 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic responses to physical training are not homogenous and uniform, and considerable inter-individual variations in the blood pressure of hypertensive individuals are noted in both aerobic and resistance training protocols. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on the blood pressure responses of hypertensive older adults. METHODS Groups were randomly divided into resistance training, n = 20; aerobic training, n = 20; control group, n = 21). After the first intervention period (12 weeks), individuals underwent a washout period (six detraining weeks), followed by a second intervention. This process is called the 'cross-over' model, where individuals who performed the aerobic exercise protocol also performed resistance training and vice-versa, constituting another 12 weeks of intervention. Blood pressure, functional performance, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profiles were evaluated preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS Varying responses to resistance training or aerobic training stimuli were observed in the hypertensive older adult participants. Both resistance training (pre 133.2 ± 14.1; post 122.4 ± 7.3; P < 0.05) and aerobic training (pre 134.2 ± 14.4; post 123 ± 9.4; P < 0.0.5) were effective in decreasing SBP, but only aerobic training (pre 9955.3 ± 1769.4; post 8800.9 ± 1316.1; P < 0.05) resulted in a decreased double product, and only the resistance training group improved functional performance. CONCLUSION Responses to resistance training or aerobic training stimuli varied noticeably between hypertensive older adults and both resistance training and aerobic training were effective in reducing SBP. This knowledge may be useful in providing individually tailored exercise prescriptions for hypertensive older adults.
Collapse
|
8
|
Acute and chronic effects of traditional and high-speed resistance training on blood pressure in older adults: A crossover study and systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
Coelho-Júnior HJ, Uchida MC. Effects of Low-Speed and High-Speed Resistance Training Programs on Frailty Status, Physical Performance, Cognitive Function, and Blood Pressure in Prefrail and Frail Older Adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:702436. [PMID: 34381802 PMCID: PMC8350041 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.702436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current study investigated the effects of low-speed resistance training (LSRT) and high-speed resistance training (HSRT) on frailty status, physical performance, cognitive function and blood pressure in pre-frail and frail older people. Material and Methods: Sixty older adults, 32 prefrail and 28 frail, were randomly allocated into LSRT, HSRT, and control group (CG). Before and after intervention periods frailty status, blood pressure, heart rate, and a set of physical performance capabilities and cognitive domains were assessed. Exercise interventions occurred over 16 weeks and included four resistance exercises with 4–8 sets of 4–10 repetitions at moderate intensity. Results: The prevalence of frailty criteria in prefrail and frail older adults were reduced after both LSRT and HSRT. In prefrail, LSRT significantly improved lower-limb muscle strength, while mobility was only improved after HSRT. Muscle power and dual-task performance were significantly increased in both LSRT and HSRT. In frail, LSRT and HSRT similarly improved lower-limb muscle strength and power. However, exclusive improvements in dual-task were observed after LSRT. Memory was significantly increased in prefrail and frail, regardless of the type of resistance training. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicated that both LSRT and HSRT reversed frailty status and improved physical performance in prefrail and frail older adults. Notably, different patterns of improvement were observed among RT protocols. Regarding frailty status, LSRT seemed to be more effective in reverse prefrailty and frailty when compared to HSRT. Greater improvements in muscle strength and power were also observed after LSRT, while HSRT produced superior increases in mobility and dual-task performance. One-leg stand performance was significantly reduced in LSRT, but not HSRT and CG, after 16 weeks. In contrast, RT programs similarly improved verbal memory in prefrail. Finally, no changes in blood pressure and heart rate were observed, regardless of the type of RT. Trial Registration: The protocol was approved by the University of Campinas Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol No. 20021919.7.0000.5404) and retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System: NCT04868071.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Laboratory of Applied Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Carlos Uchida
- Laboratory of Applied Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fecchio RY, Brito LC, Peçanha T, de Moraes Forjaz CL. Potential Mechanisms Behind the Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of Dynamic Resistance Training. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:35. [PMID: 34152491 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To elucidate the hemodynamic, autonomic, vascular, hormonal, and local mechanisms involved in the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of dynamic resistance training (DRT) in prehypertensive and hypertensive populations. RECENT FINDINGS The systematic search identified 16 studies involving 17 experimental groups that assessed the DRT effects on BP mechanisms in prehypertensive and/or hypertensive populations. These studies mainly enrolled women and middle-aged/older individuals. Vascular effects of DRT were consistently reported, with vascular conductance, flow-mediated dilation, and vasodilatory capacity increases found in all studies. On the other hand, evidence regarding the effects of DRT on systemic hemodynamics, autonomic regulation, hormones, and vasoactive substances are still scarce and controversial, not allowing for any conclusion. The current literature synthesis shows that DRT may promote vascular adaptations, improving vascular conductance and endothelial function, which may have a role in the BP-lowering effect of this type of training in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. More studies are needed to explore the role of other mechanisms in the BP-lowering effect of DRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Y Fecchio
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Brito
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Peçanha
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kemmler W, Schoene D, Kohl M, von Stengel S. Changes in Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health After Detraining in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia: 6-Month Follow-Up of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST) Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:571-582. [PMID: 33854307 PMCID: PMC8039436 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s299867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Temporary cessation of exercise but maintenance of habitual physical activity might be a frequent situation in older people’s lives. Particularly the COVID-19 induced lockdown of exercise training facilities with individual outdoor activities still being allowed might be a blueprint for this potentially harmful scenario. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of 6 months of detraining after 18 months of high-intensity resistance exercise (HIT-RT) on body composition and cardiometabolic outcomes in predominately obese older men with osteosarcopenia. Materials and Methods Community-dwelling predominately obese men 72–91 years old with low muscle and bone mass (n=43) were randomly assigned to an 18-month HIT-RT (EG: n=21) or a non-training control group (CG, n=22). After the intervention, participants of the EG discontinued HIT-RT for 6 months, but increased their habitual physical activity. Study outcomes were group differences in detraining changes (“effects”) for lean body mass (LBM), total and abdominal body fat rate (determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and the Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score (MetSZ). We applied an intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation to analyze the data. Results After the 18-month HIT-RT, we observed significant positive training effects for LBM, total and abdominal body fat rate and the MetSZ (all p<0.001). Abrupt cessation of HIT-RT for 6 months resulted in significantly higher unfavorable changes in the HIT-RT compared with the CG for LBM (p=0.001), total body fat (p=0.003) and the MetSZ (p=0.003), apart from abdominal body fat (p=0.059). However, significant overall effects were still present after 24 months for LBM and body fat indices but not for the MetSZ. Conclusion The present study clearly indicates the unfavorable effects of 6 months of detraining after HIT-RT. Correspondingly, exercise protocols particularly for older people should focus on continuous exercise with short regeneration periods rather than on intermitted protocols with pronounced training breaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91053, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91053, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, 78054, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91053, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Advancements and critical steps for statistical analyses in blood pressure response to resistance training in hypertensive older women: a methodological approach. Blood Press Monit 2021; 26:135-145. [PMID: 33394597 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated measures analysis of covariance and three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures are common statistical methods. For a valid interpretation of blood pressure (BP) response to exercise, a variety of additional statistical methods must be implemented. Four additional statistical methods are presented: technical error of measurement (SEM), smallest real difference (SRD), magnitude-based inference and mixed effect modeling technique (MEM). The aim of this perspective article is to demonstrate how to apply already known statistical analyses regarding BP responsiveness in order to improve interpretation and achieve higher reliability for future studies in exercise science. METHODS A total of 27 hypertensive older women (aged 68.37 ± 5.55 years) participated in the present study. A whole-body resistance training (RT) program was performed on two nonconsecutive days per week for 10 weeks. BP was monitored during the 10-week RT intervention and after 15 weeks of detraining. First, individuals were classified as high and low responders, then statistical methods to analyze data included the use of SEM, SRD, magnitude-based inference and MEM. RESULTS When magnitude-based inference was used to classify responsiveness, most participants displayed a trivial response. Decrements in SBP between 1 and 10 mmHg were not clinically meaningful but fell within the measurement error of the SBP measurements. Baseline SBP and time of training predicted post-SBP response. CONCLUSION Changes over time and declines in SBP might not be a SRD and fell in the SEM. Moreover, SBP responsiveness was the result of inappropriate control of covariates such as period of training.
Collapse
|
13
|
Low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction prevent renal function decline: The role of the redox balance, angiotensin 1-7 and vasopressin ✰,✰✰. Physiol Behav 2021; 230:113295. [PMID: 33340514 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) and low-load RT with moderate blood flow restriction (RT+BFR) on blood pressure, exercise pressor response, redox balance and vasoactive peptides, body composition and muscle strength in patients with stage two of chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We conducted a 6-month randomized controlled exercise intervention in 90 male and female hypertensive CKD patients (58±9 years with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; of 66.1 ± 1.2 mL/kg/1.73m2). Participants were randomized to one of three groups (n = 30/group); control group (CTL), RT, and RT+BFR. RT and RT+BFR performed three weekly training sessions using similar periodization for six months (two-month mesocycles), but of different intensities. RESULTS There was similarly effects between RT and RT+BFR in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure during daytime and 24hour period (RT: 10.4%; RT+BFR: 10.3% of decrease), fat mass, F2-isoprostanes, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and vasopressin (p<0.05 pre-vs post). Also promoted the increase of angiotensin 1-7, nitric oxide (NO), catalase, Trolox equivalent and muscle strength (p<0.05). Both training models attenuated the decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (p<0.0001 vs CTL). However, only RT+BFR was associated with lower discomfort during exercise (p<0.0001 pre-vs post). Statistical significance was considered with p < 0.05. CONCLUSION These findings suggest low-load RT+BFR as a promising non-pharmacological strategy to control blood pressure, oxidative stress, vasoactive peptides, and consequently, attenuate the decrease of the eGFR.
Collapse
|
14
|
Eskandari M, Asghari H, Saghebjoo M, Kazemi T. Short duration moderate resistance training reduces blood pressure and plasma TNF-α in hypertensive men: The importance role of upper and lower body training. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Lee BK. Comparison of Prevalence of Hyperlipidemia, Medical Expenses, Inpatient, Emergency and Outpatient According to the Level of Physical Activity of Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of 2018 Korea Medical Panel. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2021.23.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to compare the difference in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia according to the level of physical activity in adults, and to compare the difference between annual personal medical expenses, hospitalization, emergency and outpatient use depending on the level of physical activity for hyperlipidemia patients.METHODS The 2018 Korea medical panel data was used (14,489 adults and 2,559 Hyperlipidemia). Physical activity was measured with short form of IPAQ and converted to MET-minutes per week. The days of hospitalization, and personal medical expenses were compared, and frequency analysis, logistic regression, ANOVA and chi-square were performed.RESULTS The prevalence of hyperlipidemia based on the inactive group were decreased both minimally active group (OR = 0.94) and the active group (OR = 0.74, p<0.01). Annual personal medical expenses I (p<.01) and II (p<.01) with hyperlipidemia were all showed significant differences depending on the level of physical activity. On active group basis, medical expenses showed slight differences of 3.0 to 3.2% with the minimally activity group, but that of the inactive group were 19.3 ~ 21.7% higher. The annual days of hospitalization were 6.8 ± 7.2 days in activity group, minimally activity group 7.1 ± 7.2 days, inactive group 11.7 ± 26.0 days. There was no significant difference in the annual days of hospitalization and emergency between the three groups. In particular, the annual days of outpatient increased sharply at the inactive group. Participation in physical activity has been shown to have a significant effect on hospitalization and decreasing use of emergency rooms.CONCLUSIONS Hyperlipidemia prevalence was similar to inactive groups and minimally activity groups, and that of activity groups was 0.74. On medical expenses of hyperlipidemia, the activity and minimally activity group was similar, the inactivity group was 19.3 to 21.7% higher. Physical activity was found to have a positive effect on hospitalization and emergency use reduction.
Collapse
|
16
|
OLHER RAFAELREIS, ROSA THIAGOSANTOS, SOUZA LUIZHUMBERTORODRIGUES, OLIVEIRA JOSÉFERNANDO, SOARES BRANDERANTERALVES, RIBEIRO THIAGOBELARMINOALVES, SOUZA IORANNYRAQUELCASTRO, NEVES RODRIGOVANERSONPASSOS, SOUSA CAIOVICTOR, DEUS LYSLEINEALVES, MARCHETTI PAULOHENRIQUE, SIMOES HERBERTGUSTAVO, MORAES MILTONROCHA. Isometric Exercise with Large Muscle Mass Improves Redox Balance and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 52:1187-1195. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
17
|
Impact of therapeutic lifestyle changes in resistant hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 63:4-9. [PMID: 31756356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive individuals are at an increased risk of developing heart disease and stroke. Adopting healthy lifestyles, such as being active on ≥4 days per week, weight-loss in the presence of obesity, consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and sodium below the recommended threshold, avoiding high alcohol consumption and refraining from smoking have been effective lifestyle therapies to prevent or control stage 1 hypertension (HTN). Among the 1 in 3 Americans who have HTN (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg), 16% are diagnosed with resistant HTN (RHT). Although there are comparatively fewer studies examining the blood pressure lowering effects of therapeutic lifestyle interventions in patients with resistant HTN, the available literature appears promising. This paper reviews key studies that quantify the blood pressure lowering effects of certain therapeutic lifestyles in patients with RHT and highlights areas needing more attention.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee BK. Comparison of Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, Medical Expenses, Inpatient, Emergency and Outpatient According to the Level of Physical Activity of Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2019.21.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
Almeida JA, Motta-Santos D, Petriz BA, Gomes CPDC, Nogueira ME, Pereira RW, Araújo RC, Prestes J, Franco OL. High-intensity aerobic training lowers blood pressure and modulates the renal renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:233-238. [PMID: 31122077 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1619755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to verify the effects of high-intensity aerobic training (HIAT) on BP control and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in renal tissue of SHR. Ten SHRs received HIAT or control for 8-weeks. At the end of the training, the SBP showed a reduction of ~ 30mmHg (p < .01) in HIAT and increased by ~ 15 mmHg in the control group. HIAT resulted in a higher release of nitrite, IL-6, ACE2 and ATR2. These results indicated an association between BP, NO and renal RAS.Abbreviations: JAA: writing, carried out all experimental procedures, performed statistical analysis, original draft and revised manuscript DMS: data interpretation, formal analysis, writing, editing and revised manuscript BAP: carried all experimental procedures, revised manuscritpt CPCG: carried all experimental procedures, revised manuscritpt MEN: experimental procedures, revised manuscript and data interpretation RWP: drafted and revised manuscript RCA: writing, experimental procedures, revised manuscript JP: writing, data interpretation and revised manuscript OLF: writing, original draft and revised manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeser Alves Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health and Development, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance - PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Sports Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Assis Petriz
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center - UDF, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Esteves Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Health and Development, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance - PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Wellerson Pereira
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Catholic University Don Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seguro C, Viana R, Lima G, Galvão L, Silva L, Jardim T, Jardim P, Gentil P. Improvements in health parameters of a diabetic and hypertensive patient with only 40 minutes of exercise per week: a case study. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:3119-3125. [PMID: 30907139 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1583780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to report the effects of 15 weeks of a minimal dose resistance training on blood glucose levels, blood pressure, heart rate, physical capacity, and quality of life of a 67 old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiopathy and hypertension.Method: The Patient was sedentary with a family history of heart failure and coronary artery disease. She suffered a heart attack in 2013 and was submitted to six cardiac catheterizations and one angioplasty between the 2015 and 2017. On April 2017, she was initially untrained in resistance training and was followed for 15 weeks with the performance of 31 resistance training sessions. Resistance training followed a minimal dose approach with 4 exercises performed with 2 sets to muscle failure, twice a week.Results: After follow up, the Patient presented a reduction in blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate at rest. There were also improvements on body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life. These results were accompanied by a reduction in the amount of antihypertensive and anti-diabetic medications.Conclusions: These results suggest that only 40 min of resistance training per week might help to improve general health and quality of life in a patient with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Implications for RehabilitationMinimal dose resistance training improved health parameters in a diabetic and hypertensive patient.Resistance training promoted a reduction in the drugs used to control blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Seguro
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Viana
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gislene Lima
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Luan Galvão
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jardim
- Hypertension League Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Brigham & Women's Hospital Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, USA.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Health Decision Science, Boston, USA
| | - Paulo Jardim
- Hypertension League Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Neves RVP, Rosa TS, Souza MK, Oliveira AJC, Gomes GNS, Brixi B, Souza LHR, Deus LA, Simões HG, Stone WJ, Prestes J, Moraes MR. Dynamic, Not Isometric Resistance Training Improves Muscle Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:4. [PMID: 30723416 PMCID: PMC6349781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on blood glucose, muscle redox capacity, inflammatory state, and muscle strength and hypertrophy. Fifteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (CTL), DRT, and IRT, n = 5 animals per group. The animals were submitted to a maximal weight carried (MWC; every 15 days) and maximum isometric resistance (MIR; pre- and post-training) tests. Both training protocols were performed five times a week during 12 weeks, consisting of one set of eight uninterrupted climbs for 1 min with a 30% overload of MWC. The animals in the IRT group remained under isometry for 1 min. The DRT group experienced greater MWC from pre- to post-training compared to the CTL and IRT groups (p < 0.0001). The DRT and IRT groups displayed similar gains in MIR (p = 0.3658). The DRT group exhibited improved glycemic homeostasis (p = 0.0111), redox (p < 0.0001), and inflammatory (p < 0.0001) balance as compared with CTL and IRT groups. In addition, the improved glycemic profile was associated with an increase in muscle strength and hypertrophy, improvement in redox balance and inflammation status. We conclude that DRT was more effective than IRT on increasing cross-sectional area, but not muscle strength, in parallel to improved blood glucose, inflammatory status, and redox balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Physiology, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bernardo Brixi
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luiz Humberto Rodrigues Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Physical Education, State of Bahia University (UNEB) - DEDC/XII Campus, Guanambi, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Whitley Jo Stone
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Sciences, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, United States
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schroeder EC, Franke WD, Sharp RL, Lee DC. Comparative effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210292. [PMID: 30615666 PMCID: PMC6322789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although exercise has well-documented health benefits on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the benefit of combination exercise on CVD risk factors in individuals with elevated risk has not been fully elucidated. We compared the effects of aerobic, resistance, and a combination of both aerobic and resistance training on CVD risk factors including peripheral and central BP, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength, body composition, blood glucose and lipids. Sixty-nine adults (58±7 years) with an elevated blood pressure or hypertension, overweight/obesity, and sedentary lifestyle were randomized to one of the three 8-week exercise programs or a non-exercise control group. Participants in all three exercise groups had an equal total exercise time, 3 days/week (aerobic: 60 minutes/session vs. resistance: 60 minutes/session vs. combination: aerobic 30 minutes/session plus resistance 30 minutes/session). Combined training provided significant reductions in peripheral (-4 mmHg) and central diastolic BP (-4 mmHg), increase in CRF (4.9 ml/kg/min), increase in upper (4 kg) and lower (11 kg) body strength, and increase in lean body mass (0.8 kg) (p <0.05). Aerobic training only increased CRF (7.7 ml/kg/min), and reduced body weight (-1.0 kg) and fat mass (-0.9 kg) (p <0.05). Resistance training only increased lower body strength (13 kg) and reduced waist circumference (-1.7 cm) (p <0.05). However, neither aerobic or resistance training alone showed significant reductions in BP (p>0.05). Furthermore, a composite score of CVD risk factors indicated a greater reduction with combination training compared to the control group. In conclusion, among individuals at an increased risk for CVD, as little as 8-weeks of combined training may provide more comprehensive CVD benefits compared to time-matched aerobic or resistance training alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Schroeder
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Warren D. Franke
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Rick L. Sharp
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sales MM, de Sousa CV, de Paula Santana HA, Motta-Santos D, Barbosa LP, Santos PA, Rezende TMB, Browne RAV, de Andrade RV, Simões HG. Nitric oxide and blood pressure responses to short-term resistance training in adults with and without type-2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
24
|
Coelho-Júnior HJ, Gonçalves IDO, Câmara NOS, Cenedeze MA, Bacurau RF, Asano RY, Santana J, Caperuto E, Uchida MC, Rodrigues B. Non-periodized and Daily Undulating Periodized Resistance Training on Blood Pressure of Older Women. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1525. [PMID: 30542289 PMCID: PMC6277793 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the effects of a daily undulating periodization (DUP) and non-periodized (NP) resistance training programs on hemodynamic parameters of older women. Forty-two older women were randomized into one of the three experimental groups: NP, DUP, and control group (CG). Evaluations of the hemodynamic parameters occurred before, during and after the intervention. The exercise programs were performed twice a week over 22 weeks. NP and DUP groups were based on 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions in 9 exercises. In NP, the two exercise sessions were based on traditional strength training, which was performed at a Difficult intensity according to the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. In DUP, the first session was based on power resistance exercise, in which the concentric muscle contraction was performed as fast as possible at a moderate intensity based on RPE, while the second session was the same that was performed by NP. The findings demonstrated that diastolic blood pressure (90.4 vs. 76.2 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (108.6 vs. 92.7 mmHg) were significantly reduced after NP, while no significant alterations were observed in DUP. Nevertheless, both training groups seem to have a cardio protective effect, since both training modes prevented the increase in HR reported in the experimental period in CG. In conclusion, our findings indicate that a 22-week NP resistance training program causes beneficial effects on hemodynamic parameters of older women. Trial Registration: NCT03443375.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélio J. Coelho-Júnior
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Applied to Disease Research Group, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Cenedeze
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reury F. Bacurau
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Santana
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erico Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco C. Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Applied to Disease Research Group, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee BK. Comparison of Prevalence of Hypertension and Medical Expenses According to the Level of Physical Activity of Korean Adults. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2018.20.4.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
26
|
Souza LR, Vicente JB, Melo GR, Moraes VC, Olher RR, Sousa IC, Peruchi LH, Neves RV, Rosa TS, Ferreira AP, Moraes MR. Acute Hypotension After Moderate-Intensity Handgrip Exercise in Hypertensive Elderly People. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2971-2977. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
27
|
Souza MK, Neves RVP, Rosa TS, Cenedeze MA, Arias SCA, Fujihara CK, Bacurau RFP, Câmara NOS, Moraes MR, Pacheco E Silva Filho A. Resistance training attenuates inflammation and the progression of renal fibrosis in chronic renal disease. Life Sci 2018; 206:93-97. [PMID: 29787737 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have progressive renal fibrosis, inflammation, and reduced muscle mass and strength. Resistance training (RT) has been suggested to mitigate the loss of muscle mass, of strength and the inflammation in CKD, but the mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of RT on renal fibrosis, renal cytokine expression, creatine kinase levels, and muscle mass and strength in CKD rats. A CKD model was obtained by 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). Fifteen 8-week-old male rats were divided into 3 groups: Sham (control), Nx SED (CKD sedentary) and Nx RT (CKD trained). The RT consisted of ladder climbing at 70% of the animal's maximal carrying capacity for 10 weeks. Muscle strength, creatine kinase levels, renal fibrosis and mRNA interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were analyzed after the RT protocol. There was significant improvement in the muscle strength and creatine kinase levels in the Nx RT group. Moreover, renal fibrosis and inflammation were attenuated, with increased IL-4 and IL-10 expression and reduced IL-6 expression in the Nx RT group compared with that in the Nx SED group. No difference in muscle mass was observed among the groups. In conclusion, RT was effective in reducing fibrosis and inflammation, in addition to increasing muscle strength and creatine kinase levels, in rats with CKD, independent of muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Kendy Souza
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Distrito Federal, Brazil; Translational Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Distrito Federal, Brazil; Translational Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Cenedeze
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Feriani DJ, Coelho-Júnior HJ, de Oliveira JCMF, Delbin MA, Mostarda CT, Dourado PMM, Caperuto ÉC, Irigoyen MCC, Rodrigues B. Pyridostigmine Improves the Effects of Resistance Exercise Training after Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29483876 PMCID: PMC5816065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exercise training and pharmacological treatments are important strategies to minimize the deleterious effects of MI. However, little is known about the effects of resistance training combined with pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) treatment on cardiac and autonomic function, as well as on the inflammatory profile after MI. Thus, in the present study, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into: control (Cont); sedentary infarcted (Inf); PYR – treated sedentary infarcted rats (Inf+P); infarcted rats undergoing resistance exercise training (Inf+RT); and infarcted rats undergoing PYR treatment plus resistance training (Inf+RT+P). After 12 weeks of resistance training (15–20 climbs per session, with a 1-min rest between each climb, at a low to moderate intensity, 5 days a week) and/or PYR treatment (0.14 mg/mL of drink water), hemodynamic function, autonomic modulation, and cytokine expressions were evaluated. We observed that 3 months of PYR treatment, either alone or in combination with exercise, can improve the deleterious effects of MI on left ventricle dimensions and function, baroreflex sensitivity, and autonomic parameters, as well as systemic and tissue inflammatory profile. Furthermore, additional benefits in a maximal load test and anti-inflammatory state of skeletal muscle were found when resistance training was combined with PYR treatment. Thus, our findings suggest that the combination of resistance training and PYR may be a good therapeutic strategy since they promote additional benefits on skeletal muscle anti-inflammatory profile after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele J Feriani
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristiano T Mostarda
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Paulo M M Dourado
- Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érico C Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C C Irigoyen
- Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferrari R, Umpierre D, Vogel G, Vieira PJC, Santos LP, de Mello RB, Tanaka H, Fuchs SC. Effects of concurrent and aerobic exercises on postexercise hypotension in elderly hypertensive men. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:1-7. [PMID: 28804048 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that simultaneous performance of resistance and aerobic exercises (i.e., concurrent exercise) has become a standard exercise prescription for the elderly, no information is available on its effects on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in elderly men with hypertension. PURPOSE To compare the effects of different types of exercise on PEH in elderly men with hypertension. METHODS Twenty elderly men with essential hypertension participated in three crossover interventions, in random order, and on separate days: a non-exercise control session at seated rest, aerobic exercise performed for 45min, and 45min of concurrent resistance and aerobic exercise consisted of 4 sets of 8 repetitions at 70% 1RM of resistance exercise followed by aerobic exercise on treadmill. After each session, blood pressure (BP) was measured continuously for 1h in the laboratory and for 24h under ambulatory conditions. RESULTS During the first hour in laboratory, diastolic BP was lower after aerobic (-5mmHg) and concurrent exercise (-6mmHg) in comparison with Control. Day-time diastolic BP was significantly lower after aerobic exercise (-7mmHg) when compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the three experimental sessions for night-time and 24-hour diastolic BP, as well as day-time, night-time and 24-hour systolic BP. CONCLUSION Concurrent exercise produced acute PEH similar to aerobic exercise but such effect did not last as long as aerobic exercise in elderly patients with essential hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ferrari
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Umpierre
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS)-CNPq, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vogel
- Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo J C Vieira
- Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Santos
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Bandeira de Mello
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sandra C Fuchs
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS)-CNPq, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Damorim IR, Santos TM, Barros GWP, Carvalho PRC. Kinetics of Hypotension during 50 Sessions of Resistance and Aerobic Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:323-330. [PMID: 28380132 PMCID: PMC5421471 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance and aerobic training are recommended as an adjunctive treatment for hypertension. However, the number of sessions required until the hypotensive effect of the exercise has stabilized has not been clearly established. Objective To establish the adaptive kinetics of the blood pressure (BP) responses as a function of time and type of training in hypertensive patients. Methods We recruited 69 patients with a mean age of 63.4 ± 2.1 years, randomized into one group of resistance training (n = 32) and another of aerobic training (n = 32). Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and one repetition maximum (1RM) testing was performed. BP was measured before each training session with a digital BP arm monitor. The 50 training sessions were categorized into quintiles. To compare the effect of BP reduction with both training methods, we used two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for the BP values obtained before the interventions. The differences between the moments were established by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The reductions in systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 6.9 mmHg and 5.3 mmHg, respectively, with resistance training and 16.5 mmHg and 11.6 mmHg, respectively, with aerobic training. The kinetics of the hypotensive response of the SBP showed significant reductions until the 20th session in both groups. Stabilization of the DBP occurred in the 20th session of resistance training and in the 10th session of aerobic training. Conclusion A total of 20 sessions of resistance or aerobic training are required to achieve the maximum benefits of BP reduction. The methods investigated yielded distinct adaptive kinetic patterns along the 50 sessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rodrigues Damorim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Educação da Física da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco -
UFPE, Recife, PE - Brazil
| | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Educação da Física da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco -
UFPE, Recife, PE - Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Exercise and Hypertension: Uncovering the Mechanisms of Vascular Control. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 59:226-234. [PMID: 27697533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) has recently been determined to be the number one overall risk factor of disease. With direct and indirect costs amounting to $46.4 billion in 2011 and projections of six-fold increases by 2030, the importance of low-cost nonpharmacological interventions can be appreciated. Vascular structural changes, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic overstimulation are major contributing factors to the pathophysiology of HTN. Exercise training (ET) for blood pressure (BP) control has been shown to be an effective and integral component of nonpharmacological interventions for BP control. Different ET modalities (aerobic, resistance, and concurrent training) have contributed differently to BP reduction and control, driving scientific discourse regarding the optimum ET prescription (modality, volume, and intensity) for such effects; ET results in a multitude of physiological effects, with vascular and autonomic adaptations providing major contributions to BP control. Despite widespread acceptance of the role and importance of ET for BP reduction, only 15% of US adults have been found to meet ET/physical activity recommendations. The purpose of this review is to explore BP lowering effects of aerobic and resistance ET and the underlying physiological mechanisms that result in such effects. Further research is required to enhance our understanding of the proper ET prescription for BP control across different age groups and racial ethnicities. Furthermore, research into methods of improving awareness and adherence to ET recommendations proves to be equally important.
Collapse
|
32
|
MacDonald HV, Johnson BT, Huedo-Medina TB, Livingston J, Forsyth KC, Kraemer WJ, Farinatti PTV, Pescatello LS. Dynamic Resistance Training as Stand-Alone Antihypertensive Lifestyle Therapy: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003231. [PMID: 27680663 PMCID: PMC5121472 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Aerobic exercise (AE) is recommended as first‐line antihypertensive lifestyle therapy based on strong evidence showing that it lowers blood pressure (BP) 5 to 7 mm Hg among adults with hypertension. Because of weaker evidence showing that dynamic resistance training (RT) reduces BP 2 to 3 mm Hg among adults with hypertension, it is recommended as adjuvant lifestyle therapy to AE training. Yet, existing evidence suggests that dynamic RT can lower BP as much or more than AE. Methods and Results We meta‐analyzed 64 controlled studies (71 interventions) to determine the efficacy of dynamic RT as stand‐alone antihypertensive therapy. Participants (N=2344) were white (57%), middle‐aged (47.2±19.0 years), and overweight (26.8±3.4 kg/m2) adults with prehypertension (126.7±10.3/76.8±8.7 mm Hg); 15% were on antihypertensive medication. Overall, moderate‐intensity dynamic RT was performed 2.8±0.6 days/week for 14.4±7.9 weeks and elicited small‐to‐moderate reductions in systolic BP (SBP; d+=−0.31; 95% CIs, −0.43, −0.19; −3.0 mm Hg) and diastolic BP (DBP; d+=−0.30; 95% CIs, −0.38, −0.18; −2.1 mm Hg) compared to controls (Ps<0.001). Greater BP reductions occurred among samples with higher resting SBP/DBP: ≈6/5 mm Hg for hypertension, ≈3/3 mm Hg for prehypertension, and ≈0/1 mm Hg for normal BP (Ps<0.023). Furthermore, nonwhite samples with hypertension experienced BP reductions that were approximately twice the magnitude of those previously reported following AE training (−14.3 mm Hg [95% CIs, −19.0, −9.4]/−10.3 mm Hg [95% CIs, −14.5, −6.2]). Conclusions Our results indicate that for nonwhite adult samples with hypertension, dynamic RT may elicit BP reductions that are comparable to or greater than those reportedly achieved with AE training. Dynamic RT should be further investigated as a viable stand‐alone therapeutic exercise option for adult populations with high BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley V MacDonald
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Blair T Johnson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Tania B Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Jill Livingston
- Homer Babbidge Library, Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Kym C Forsyth
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Paulo T V Farinatti
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Macedo FN, Mesquita TRR, Melo VU, Mota MM, Silva TLTB, Santana MN, Oliveira LR, Santos RV, Miguel Dos Santos R, Lauton-Santos S, Santos MRV, Barreto AS, Santana-Filho VJ. Increased Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Decreased Sympathetic Modulation Are Involved in Vascular Adjustments Induced by Low-Intensity Resistance Training. Front Physiol 2016; 7:265. [PMID: 27445854 PMCID: PMC4923192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training is one of the most common kind of exercise used nowadays. Long-term high-intensity resistance training are associated with deleterious effects on vascular adjustments. On the other hand, is unclear whether low-intensity resistance training (LI-RT) is able to induce systemic changes in vascular tone. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic LI-RT on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability of mesenteric artery and cardiovascular autonomic modulation in healthy rats. Wistar animals were divided into two groups: exercised (Ex) and sedentary (SED) rats submitted to the resistance (40% of 1RM) or fictitious training for 8 weeks, respectively. After LI-RT, hemodynamic measurements and cardiovascular autonomic modulation by spectral analysis were evaluated. Vascular reactivity, NO production and protein expression of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase isoforms (eNOS and nNOS, respectively) were evaluated in mesenteric artery. In addition, cardiac superoxide anion production and ventricle morphological changes were also assessed. In vivo measurements revealed a reduction in mean arterial pressure and heart rate after 8 weeks of LI-RT. In vitro studies showed an increased acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation and greater NOS dependence in Ex than SED rats. Hence, decreased phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction was found in Ex rats. Accordingly, LI-RT increased the NO bioavailability under basal and ACh stimulation conditions, associated with upregulation of eNOS and nNOS protein expression in mesenteric artery. Regarding autonomic control, LI-RT increased spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, which was associated to reduction in both, cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulation. No changes in cardiac superoxide anion or left ventricle morphometric parameters after LI-RT were observed. In summary, these results suggest that RT promotes beneficial vascular adjustments favoring augmented endothelial NO bioavailability and reduction of sympathetic vascular modulation, without evidence of cardiac overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício N Macedo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Thassio R R Mesquita
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology and Oxidative Stress, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Vitor U Melo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Mota
- Department of Healthy Education, Estacio Faculty of Sergipe Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Michael N Santana
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Larissa R Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Robervan V Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology and Oxidative Stress, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lauton-Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology and Oxidative Stress, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Marcio R V Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Andre S Barreto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Valter J Santana-Filho
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abrahin O, Rodrigues RP, Ramos AM, da Silva-Grigoletto ME, Pardono E, Marçal AC. Active intervals during high-intensity resistance exercises enhance post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive women controlled by medications. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-160611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Abrahin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade Metropolitana da Amazônia (FAMAZ), Belém, Brazil
| | - Rejane P. Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade Metropolitana da Amazônia (FAMAZ), Belém, Brazil
| | - Ayrton M. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marzo E. da Silva-Grigoletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Emerson Pardono
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Anderson C. Marçal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Neves RVP, Souza MK, Passos CS, Bacurau RFP, Simoes HG, Prestes J, Boim MA, Câmara NOS, Franco MDCP, Moraes MR. Resistance Training in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Severe Hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol 2016; 106:201-9. [PMID: 26840054 PMCID: PMC4811275 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20160019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training (RT) has been recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for moderate hypertension. In spite of the important role of exercise intensity on training prescription, there is still no data regarding the effects of RT intensity on severe hypertension (SH). OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of two RT protocols (vertical ladder climbing), performed at different overloads of maximal weight carried (MWC), on blood pressure (BP) and muscle strength of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with SH. METHODS Fifteen male SHR ENT#091;206 ± 10 mmHg of systolic BP (SBP)ENT#093; and five Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY; 119 ± 10 mmHg of SBP) were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (SED-WKY) and SHR (SED-SHR); RT1-SHR training relative to body weight (~40% of MWC); and RT2-SHR training relative to MWC test (~70% of MWC). Systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were measured weekly using the tail-cuff method. The progression of muscle strength was determined once every fifteen days. The RT consisted of 3 weekly sessions on non-consecutive days for 12-weeks. RESULTS Both RT protocols prevented the increase in SBP (delta - 5 and -7 mmHg, respectively; p > 0.05), whereas SBP of the SED-SHR group increased by 19 mmHg (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in HR only for the RT1 group (p < 0.05). There was a higher increase in strength in the RT2 (140%; p < 0.05) group as compared with RT1 (11%; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that both RT protocols were effective in preventing chronic elevation of SBP in SH. Additionally, a higher RT overload induced a greater increase in muscle strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Clévia Santos Passos
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Herbert Gustavo Simoes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aparecida Boim
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Pinho Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mattioli RÁ, Cavalli AS, Ribeiro JAB, Silva MCD. Association between handgrip strength and physical activity in hypertensive elderly individuals. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2015.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction : Handgrip is an excellent indicator of functionality, nutritional status and mortality among the elderly. Objective: To compare the handgrip strength of hypertensive elderly individuals classified by different levels and types of physical activity. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 80 individuals divided into three physical activity groups, according to the leisure-time and transportation sections of the long version of the IPAQ: active (≥150 min/week), insufficiently active (<150 min/week) and sedentary (10 min/week). The active individuals were also separated by type of physical activity: gymnastics, hydro gymnastics and weight training. Strength was measured by a Jamar dynamometer and consisted of a continuous handgrip movement lasting for 30 seconds. Information about demographic, socio-economic and behavioral variables was collected by questionnaire. ANOVA and paired t-test were used to compare the means of strength. The significance level was 5%. Results: Dominant and non-dominant handgrip average was 24.2 kgf (+8.3) and 22.0 kgf (+7.3), respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean handgrip strength between the active and sedentary groups; however, when the type of physical activity was evaluated, the weightlifting group had a significantly higher mean than the gym and aerobics groups. Conclusion: Handgrip strength seems to be associated with the type of activity performed, rather than the amount of time the activity is performed per week.
Collapse
|
37
|
Pescatello LS, MacDonald HV, Lamberti L, Johnson BT. Exercise for Hypertension: A Prescription Update Integrating Existing Recommendations with Emerging Research. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 17:87. [PMID: 26423529 PMCID: PMC4589552 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common, costly, and preventable cardiovascular disease risk factor. Numerous professional organizations and committees recommend exercise as initial lifestyle therapy to prevent, treat, and control hypertension. Yet, these recommendations differ in the components of the Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) principle of exercise prescription (Ex Rx); the evidence upon which they are based is only of fair methodological quality; and the individual studies upon which they are based generally do not include people with hypertension, which are some of the limitations in this literature. The purposes of this review are to (1) overview the professional exercise recommendations for hypertension in terms of the FITT principle of Ex Rx; (2) discuss new and emerging research related to Ex Rx for hypertension; and (3) present an updated FITT Ex Rx for adults with hypertension that integrates the existing recommendations with this new and emerging research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 2095 Hillside Rd, U-1110, Storrs, CT, 06269-1110, USA.
| | - Hayley V MacDonald
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 2095 Hillside Rd, U-1110, Storrs, CT, 06269-1110, USA.
| | - Lauren Lamberti
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 2095 Hillside Rd, U-1110, Storrs, CT, 06269-1110, USA.
| | - Blair T Johnson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Rd, U-1020, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sorace P, Ronai P, Churilla JR. RESISTANCE TRAINING AND METABOLIC SYNDROME. ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
39
|
Can a single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise acutely reduce blood pressure? J Hum Kinet 2014; 43:49-56. [PMID: 25713644 PMCID: PMC4332184 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of a single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise on blood pressure in healthy young adult women. Twenty-three healthy young adult women (aged 31.57 ± 7.87 years) participated in two experimental sessions (exercise and control) in a crossover study design. Blood pressure was monitored before, immediately after and at 10, 20 and 30 min of recovery. The exercise session consisted of four phases: 1) a warm-up (5 min of dance aerobics); 2) aerobic exercise training (30 min of step aerobics); 3) resistance exercise training (six sets of 12 repetitions of three bodyweight exercises in a circuit mode, 10 min); and 4) a cool-down (5 min of breathing and flexibility exercises); totaling 50 min of duration. Systolic blood pressure after exercise was significantly lower compared to control at the 10th min (−10.83 ± 2.13 vs. −2.6 ± 2.13 mmHg; p = 0.009), 20th min (−11.26 ± 2.13 vs. −3.04 ± 2.13 mmHg; p = 0.009) and 30th min of recovery (−10.87 ± 2.39 vs. −0.48 ± 2.39 mmHg; p = 0.004). A single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise was effective in inducing significant post-exercise hypotension in healthy young adult women. This type of low-cost exercise interventions may have an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and in community health promotion.
Collapse
|
40
|
The effect of a short-term high-intensity circuit training program on work capacity, body composition, and blood profiles in sedentary obese men: a pilot study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:191797. [PMID: 24707476 PMCID: PMC3953517 DOI: 10.1155/2014/191797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine how a high-intensity circuit-training (HICT) program affects key physiological health markers in sedentary obese men. Eight obese (body fat percentage >26%) males completed a four-week HICT program, consisting of three 30-minute exercise sessions per week, for a total of 6 hours of exercise. Participants' heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rating of perceived exertion, total work (TW), and time to completion were measured each exercise session, body composition was measured before and after HICT, and fasting blood samples were measured before throughout, and after HICT program. Blood sample measurements included total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. Data were analyzed by paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Statistical significance was set to P < 0.05. Data analyses revealed significant (P < 0.05) improvements in resting HR (16% decrease), systolic BP (5.5% decrease), TW (50.7%), fat tissue percentage (3.6%), lean muscle tissue percentage (2%), cholesterol (13%), triacylglycerol (37%), and insulin (18%) levels from before to after HICT program. Overall, sedentary obese males experienced a significant improvement in biochemical, physical, and body composition characteristics from a HICT program that was only 6 hours of the total exercise.
Collapse
|
41
|
Nascimento DDC, Tibana RA, Benik FM, Fontana KE, Neto FR, de Santana FS, Santos-Neto L, Silva RAS, Silva AO, Farias DL, Balsamo S, Prestes J. Sustained effect of resistance training on blood pressure and hand grip strength following a detraining period in elderly hypertensive women: a pilot study. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:219-25. [PMID: 24477221 PMCID: PMC3901741 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s56058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor with a high prevalence among older adults. Exercise is a nonpharmacological treatment shown to benefit all patients with hypertension. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of a 14-week moderate intensity resistance training program (RT) on the maintenance of blood pressure and hand grip strength during an extended detraining period in elderly hypertensive women. METHODS Twelve hypertensive sedentary elderly women completed 14 weeks of whole body RT at a moderate perceived exertion following a detraining period of 14 weeks. RESULTS Following the training period, participants demonstrated an increase in absolute hand grip strength (P=0.001), relative hand grip strength (P=0.032) and a decrease of systolic (P=0.001), diastolic (P=0.008), and mean blood pressure (P=0.002) when compared to pre-exercise values. In addition, these effects were sustained after 14 weeks of detraining. CONCLUSION Resistance training may be a valuable method to improve muscular strength and blood pressure in elderly people with benefits being maintained up to 14 weeks following training cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, University Center Euro American University Center, Brasilia, Brazil
- Strength Training and Health Research Group (GEPEEFS), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Strength Training and Health Research Group (GEPEEFS), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Franklin M Benik
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies Graduate Program, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Frederico Santos de Santana
- Department of Physical Education, University Center Euro American University Center, Brasilia, Brazil
- Strength Training and Health Research Group (GEPEEFS), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Neto
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences of the University of Brasilia, School of Medicine and Rheumatology Service, University Hospital of Brasilia (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Renato André Sousa Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, University Center Euro American University Center, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center of Excellence in Medicine of Exercise (CEMEx), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Oliveira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center University of Brasilia (UNICEUB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Darlan Lopes Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center University of Brasilia (UNICEUB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sandor Balsamo
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences of the University of Brasilia, School of Medicine and Rheumatology Service, University Hospital of Brasilia (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, University Center Euro American University Center, Brasilia, Brazil
- Strength Training and Health Research Group (GEPEEFS), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mota MR, de Oliveira RJ, Dutra MT, Pardono E, Terra DF, Lima RM, Simões HG, da Silva FM. Acute and Chronic Effects of Resistive Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Elderly Women. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:3475-80. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828f2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
43
|
Sorace P, Ronai P, Churilla JR. Resistance Training for Metabolic Syndrome. Strength Cond J 2013. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0b013e31829805c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
44
|
Olher RDRV, Bocalini DS, Bacurau RF, Rodriguez D, Figueira A, Pontes FL, Navarro F, Simões HG, Araujo RC, Moraes MR. Isometric handgrip does not elicit cardiovascular overload or post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive older women. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:649-55. [PMID: 23766641 PMCID: PMC3678710 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s40560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial hypertension is a serious health problem affecting mainly the elderly population. Recent studies have considered both aerobic and resistance exercises as a non-pharmacological aid for arterial hypertension treatment. However, the cardiovascular responses of the elderly to isometric resistance exercise (eg, isometric handgrip [IHG]) have not yet been documented. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiovascular responses to different intensities of isometric exercise, as well as the occurrence of post-isometric exercise hypotension in hypertensive elderly people under antihypertensive medication treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve women volunteered to participate in the study after a maximal voluntary contraction test (MVC) and standardization of the intervention workload consisting of two sessions of IHG exercise performed in four sets of five contractions of a 10-second duration. Sessions were performed both at 30% of the MVC and 50% of the MVC, using a unilateral IHG protocol. Both intensities were compared with a control session without exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at rest (R), during peak exercise (PE), and after 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes of post-exercise recovery were evaluated. RESULTS No significant changes were observed after isometric exercise corresponding to 30% MVC for either SBP (R: 121 ± 10; PE: 127 ± 14; 5 min: 125 ± 13; 10 min: 123 ± 12; 15 min: 122 ± 11; 30 min: 124 ± 11; 45 min: 124 ± 10; 60 min: 121 ± 10 mmHg) or DBP (R: 74 ± 9; PE: 76 ± 6; 5 min: 74 ± 5; 10 min: 72 ± 8; 15 min: 72 ± 5; 30 min: 72 ± 8; 45 min: 73 ± 6; 60 min: 75 ± 7 mmHg). Similarly, the 50% MVC did not promote post-isometric exercise hypotension for either SBP (R: 120 ± 7; PE: 125 ± 11; 5 min: 120 ± 9; 10 min: 122 ± 9; 15 min: 121 ± 11; 30 min: 121 ± 9; 45 min: 121 ± 9; 60 min: 120 ± 7 mmHg) or DBP (R: 72 ± 8; PE: 78 ± 7; 5 min: 72 ± 7; 10 min: 72 ± 8; 15 min: 71 ± 7; 30 min: 72 ± 8; 45 min: 75 ± 10; 60 min: 75 ± 7 mmHg). CONCLUSION Our data reveal that cardiovascular overload or post-exercise hypotension did not occur in elderly women with controlled hypertension when they undertook an IHG session. Thus this type of resistance exercise, with mild to moderate intensity, with short time of contraction appears to be safe for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reury Frank Bacurau
- Universidade de São Paulo – Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|