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Huang GX, Hallen NR, Lee M, Zheng K, Wang X, Mandanas MV, Djeddi S, Fernandez D, Hacker J, Ryan T, Bergmark RW, Bhattacharyya N, Lee S, Maxfield AZ, Roditi RE, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM, Gern JE, Hallstrand TS, Ray A, Wenzel SE, Boyce JA, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Barrett NA. Increased epithelial mTORC1 activity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562288. [PMID: 37904989 PMCID: PMC10614789 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The airway epithelium plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), but the mechanisms by which airway epithelial cells (EpCs) maintain inflammation are poorly understood. Objective We hypothesized that transcriptomic assessment of sorted airway EpCs across the spectrum of differentiation would allow us to define mechanisms by which EpCs perpetuate airway inflammation. Methods Ethmoid sinus EpCs from adult patients with CRS were sorted into 3 subsets, bulk RNA sequenced, and analyzed for differentially expressed genes and pathways. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets from eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP and bulk RNA-seq of EpCs from mild/moderate and severe asthma were assessed. Immunofluorescent staining and ex vivo functional analysis of sinus EpCs were used to validate our findings. Results Analysis within and across purified EpC subsets revealed an enrichment in glycolytic programming in CRSwNP vs CRSsNP. Correlation analysis identified mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as a potential regulator of the glycolytic program and identified EpC expression of cytokines and wound healing genes as potential sequelae. mTORC1 activity was upregulated in CRSwNP, and ex vivo inhibition demonstrated that mTOR is critical for EpC generation of CXCL8, IL-33, and CXCL2. Across patient samples, the degree of glycolytic activity was associated with T2 inflammation in CRSwNP, and with both T2 and non-T2 inflammation in severe asthma. Conclusions Together, these findings highlight a metabolic axis required to support epithelial generation of cytokines critical to both chronic T2 and non-T2 inflammation in CRSwNP and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- George X. Huang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Nils R. Hallen
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Minkyu Lee
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Kelly Zheng
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Xin Wang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | | | - Sarah Djeddi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | | | - Jonathan Hacker
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Tessa Ryan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Regan W. Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Boston, MA
| | - Stella Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Alice Z. Maxfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Rachel E. Roditi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M. Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - James E. Gern
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison, WI
| | - Teal S. Hallstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center; Seattle, WA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - Nora A. Barrett
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
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Priest N, Guo S, Gondek D, O'Connor M, Moreno-Betancur M, Gray S, Lacey R, Burgner DP, Woolfenden S, Badland H, Redmond G, Juonala M, Lange K, Goldfeld S. The potential of intervening on childhood adversity to reduce socioeconomic inequities in body mass index and inflammation among Australian and UK children: A causal mediation analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:632-640. [PMID: 37536921 PMCID: PMC10527996 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower maternal education is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and higher chronic inflammation in offspring. Childhood adversity potentially mediates these associations. We examined the extent to which addressing childhood adversity could reduce socioeconomic inequities in these outcomes. METHODS We analysed data from two early-life longitudinal cohorts: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; n=1873) and the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; n=7085). EXPOSURE low/medium (below university degree) versus high maternal education, as a key indicator of family socioeconomic position (0-1 year). OUTCOMES BMI and log-transformed glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) (LSAC: 11-12 years; ALSPAC: 15.5 years). Mediator: multiple adversities (≥2/<2) indicated by family violence, mental illness, substance abuse and harsh parenting (LSAC: 2-11 years; ALSPAC: 1-12 years). A causal mediation analysis was conducted. RESULTS Low/medium maternal education was associated with up to 1.03 kg/m2 higher BMI (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.10) and up to 1.69% higher GlycA (95% CI: 1.68 to 1.71) compared with high maternal education, adjusting for confounders. Causal mediation analysis estimated that decreasing the levels of multiple adversities in children with low/medium maternal education to be like their high maternal education peers could reduce BMI inequalities by up to 1.8% and up to 3.3% in GlycA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in both cohorts suggest that slight reductions in socioeconomic inequities in children's BMI and inflammation could be achieved by addressing childhood adversities. Public health and social policy efforts should help those affected by childhood adversity, but also consider underlying socioeconomic conditions that drive health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Priest
- Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shuaijun Guo
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dawid Gondek
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Children's LifeCourse Initiative, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margarita Moreno-Betancur
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Gray
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David P Burgner
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Inflammatory Origins Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Woolfenden
- Population Child Health Research Group, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah Badland
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerry Redmond
- College of Business, Government and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katherine Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Molecular Immunity Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Effects of 2-Year Nutritional and Lifestyle Intervention on Oxidative and Inflammatory Statuses in Individuals of 55 Years of Age and over at High Cardiovascular Risk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071326. [PMID: 35883817 PMCID: PMC9312253 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are disorders with high impact on the morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aim to assess the effects of 2-year nutritional and lifestyle intervention on oxidative and inflammatory status in individuals of 55 years of age and over at high CVD risk. Participants (n = 100 individuals of 55 years of age and over living in the Balearic Islands, Spain) were randomized into control and intervention group. Anthropometric and haematological parameters, blood pressure and physical activity were measured before and after the intervention. Oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma, urine, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and neutrophils were determined. A higher reduction in abdominal obesity, blood pressure and triglycerides levels was observed after a 2-year intervention. An improvement of oxidative stress and proinflammatory status was demonstrated with a significant reduction in myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, malondialdehyde and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) levels, and an increase in polyphenols in plasma was observed. A decrease in reactive oxygen species production in PBMCs and neutrophils levels after zymosan and lipopolysaccharide activation was found in the intervention group with respect to the control group. The intervention with hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet and customized physical activity improves oxidative stress and proinflammatory status and could contribute to decreasing the CVD risk.
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Gangopadhyay K, Roy S, Sen Gupta S, Chandradasan A, Chowdhury S, Das R. Regulating the discriminatory response to antigen by T-cell receptor. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20212012. [PMID: 35260878 PMCID: PMC8965820 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-mediated immune response constitutes a robust host defense mechanism to eliminate pathogens and oncogenic cells. T cells play a central role in such a defense mechanism and creating memories to prevent any potential infection. T cell recognizes foreign antigen by its surface receptors when presented through antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and calibrates its cellular response by a network of intracellular signaling events. Activation of T-cell receptor (TCR) leads to changes in gene expression and metabolic networks regulating cell development, proliferation, and migration. TCR does not possess any catalytic activity, and the signaling initiates with the colocalization of several enzymes and scaffold proteins. Deregulation of T cell signaling is often linked to autoimmune disorders like severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. The TCR remarkably distinguishes the minor difference between self and non-self antigen through a kinetic proofreading mechanism. The output of TCR signaling is determined by the half-life of the receptor antigen complex and the time taken to recruit and activate the downstream enzymes. A longer half-life of a non-self antigen receptor complex could initiate downstream signaling by activating associated enzymes. Whereas, the short-lived, self-peptide receptor complex disassembles before the downstream enzymes are activated. Activation of TCR rewires the cellular metabolic response to aerobic glycolysis from oxidative phosphorylation. How does the early event in the TCR signaling cross-talk with the cellular metabolism is an open question. In this review, we have discussed the recent developments in understanding the regulation of TCR signaling, and then we reviewed the emerging role of metabolism in regulating T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Soumee Sen Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Athira C. Chandradasan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
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5
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Groeger S, Herrmann JM, Chakraborty T, Domann E, Ruf S, Meyle J. Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Membrane Components Induce Distinct Profiles of Metabolic Genes in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073442. [PMID: 35408801 PMCID: PMC8998328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease is caused by a bacterial biofilm, affecting all periodontal tissues and structures. This chronic disease seems to be associated with cancer since, in general, inflammation intensifies the risk for carcinoma development and progression. Interactions between periodontal pathogens and the host immune response induce the onset of periodontitis and are responsible for its progression, among them Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gram-negative anaerobic rod, capable of expressing a variety of virulence factors that is considered a keystone pathogen in periodontal biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate the genome-wide impact of P. gingivalis W83 membranes on RNA expression of oral squamous carcinoma cells by transcriptome analysis. Human squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC-25) were infected for 4 and 24 h with extracts from P. gingivalis W83 membrane, harvested, and RNA was extracted. RNA sequencing was performed, and differential gene expression and enrichment were analyzed using GO, KEGG, and REACTOME. The results of transcriptome analysis were validated using quantitative real-time PCR with selected genes. Differential gene expression analysis resulted in the upregulation of 15 genes and downregulation of 1 gene after 4 h. After 24 h, 61 genes were upregulated and 278 downregulated. GO, KEGG, and REACTONE enrichment analysis revealed a strong metabolic transcriptomic response signature, demonstrating altered gene expressions after 4 h and 24 h that mainly belong to cell metabolic pathways and replication. Real-time PCR of selected genes belonging to immune response, signaling, and metabolism revealed upregulated expression of CCL20, CXCL8, NFkBIA, TNFAIP3, TRAF5, CYP1A1, and NOD2. This work sheds light on the RNA transcriptome of human oral squamous carcinoma cells following stimulation with P. gingivalis membranes and identifies a strong metabolic gene expression response to this periodontal pathogen. The data provide a base for future studies of molecular and cellular interactions between P. gingivalis and oral epithelium to elucidate the basic mechanisms of periodontitis and the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.M.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jens Martin Herrmann
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.M.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- DZIF—Germen Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Eugen Domann
- DZIF—Germen Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.M.H.); (J.M.)
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Frasca D, Romero M, Garcia D, Diaz A, Blomberg BB. Obesity Accelerates Age-Associated Defects in Human B Cells Through a Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by the Fatty Acid Palmitate. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:828697. [PMID: 35822047 PMCID: PMC9261304 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.828697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the secretion of autoimmune antibodies in plasma samples and in culture supernatants of blood-derived B cells from four groups of individuals: young lean (YL), elderly lean (EL), young obese (YO) and elderly obese (EO). We found secretion comparable in YO and EL individuals, suggesting that obesity accelerates age-associated defects in circulating B cells. To define at least one possible molecular pathway involved, we used an in vitro model in which B cells from YL and EL individuals have been stimulated with the Fatty Acid (FA) palmitate, the most common saturated FA in the human body. The rationale to use palmitate is that there is a chronic increase in circulating levels of palmitate, due to increased spontaneous lipolysis occurring during aging and obesity, and this may induce autoimmune B cells. Results herein show that in vitro incubation of B cells from YL and EL individuals with the FA palmitate induces mRNA expression of T-bet, the transcription factor for autoimmune antibodies, as well as secretion of autoimmune IgG antibodies, with B cells from YL individuals looking similar to B cells from EL individuals, confirming our initial hypothesis. The generation of autoimmune B cells in the presence of the FA palmitate was found to be associated with a metabolic reprogramming of B cells from both YL and EL individuals. These results altogether show the critical role of the FA palmitate in inducing human B cell immunosenescence and show for the first time the importance of metabolic pathways in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniela Frasca,
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Denisse Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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7
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Early Onset of SARS-COV-2 Antibodies after First Dose of BNT162b2: Correlation with Age, Gender and BMI. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070685. [PMID: 34206312 PMCID: PMC8310011 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first goal of the study was to analyse the antibody titre 21 days after the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in a group of 252 healthcare workers (HCW). The second goal was to analyse how the antibody titre changes in correlation with age, gender and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Participants had a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and were assessed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline and 21 days after the BNT162b2 priming dose. RESULTS First dose of BNT162b2 activated immune responses in 98% of the participants. Five HWC had no increase in antibody titre 21 days after the first dose. Antibody titre was greater in young (<38 years) vs. older participants (<38 vs. 47-56 p = 0.002; <38 vs. >56 p = 0.001). Higher antibody levels were detected in underweight vs. pre-obesity group (p = 0.026) and in normal-weight vs. pre-obesity group (p = 0.007). This association was confirmed after adjusting for age (p = 0.0001) and gender (p = 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that a single dose of BNT162b2 activates the immune response, and being young and normal-weight correlate positively with this response. Larger specifically designed clinical trials are needed to validate these results.
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Adipose tissue, immune aging, and cellular senescence. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:573-587. [PMID: 32785750 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan, decreased responses to infections and vaccination, and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions typical of old age. Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass and remodeling of the adipose tissue (AT). In this review, we summarize published data on the different types of AT present in mice and humans, and their roles as fat storage as well as endocrine and immune tissues. We review the age-induced changes, including those in the distribution of fat in the body, in abundance and function of adipocytes and their precursors, and in the infiltration of immune cells from the peripheral blood. We also show that cells with a senescent-associated secretory phenotype accumulate in the AT of mice and humans with age, where they secrete several factors involved in the establishment and maintenance of local inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, tissue remodeling, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells. Not only adipocytes and pre-adipocytes but also immune cells show a senescent phenotype in the AT. With the increase in human lifespan, it is crucial to identify strategies of intervention and target senescent cells in the AT to reduce local and systemic inflammation and the development of age-associated diseases. Several studies have indeed shown that senescent cells can be effectively targeted in the AT by selectively removing them or by inhibiting the pathways that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Blood plasma metabolic profiling of pregnant women with antenatal depressive symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:204. [PMID: 31444321 PMCID: PMC6707960 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal depression affects ~9-19% of pregnant women and can exert persistent adverse effects on both mother and child. There is a need for a deeper understanding of antenatal depression mechanisms and the development of tools for reliable diagnosis and early identification of women at high risk. As the use of untargeted blood metabolomics in the investigation of psychiatric and neurological diseases has increased substantially, the main objective of this study was to investigate whether untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) plasma metabolomics in 45 women in late pregnancy, residing in Uppsala, Sweden, could indicate metabolic differences between women with and without depressive symptoms. Furthermore, seasonal differences in the metabolic profiles were explored. When comparing the profiles of cases with controls, independently of season, no differences were observed. However, seasonal differences were observed in the metabolic profiles of control samples, suggesting a favorable cardiometabolic profile in the summer vs. winter, as indicated by lower glucose and sugar acid concentrations and lactate to pyruvate ratio, and higher abundance of arginine and phosphate. Similar differences were identified between cases and controls among summer pregnancies, indicating an association between a stressed metabolism and depressive symptoms. No depression-specific differences were apparent among depressed and non-depressed women, in the winter pregnancies; this could be attributed to an already stressed metabolism due to the winter living conditions. Our results provide new insights into the pathophysiology of antenatal depression, and warrant further investigation of the use of metabolomics in antenatal depression in larger cohorts.
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Tan KS, Yan Y, Koh WLH, Li L, Choi H, Tran T, Sugrue R, Wang DY, Chow VT. Comparative Transcriptomic and Metagenomic Analyses of Influenza Virus-Infected Nasal Epithelial Cells From Multiple Individuals Reveal Specific Nasal-Initiated Signatures. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2685. [PMID: 30487780 PMCID: PMC6246735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo research based on cell lines and animals are likely to be insufficient in elucidating authentic biological and physiological phenomena mimicking human systems, especially for generating pre-clinical data on targets and biomarkers. There is an obvious need for a model that can further bridge the gap in translating pre-clinical findings into clinical applications. We have previously generated a model of in vitro differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) which elucidated the nasal-initiated repertoire of immune responses against respiratory viruses such as influenza A virus and rhinovirus. To assess their clinical utility, we performed a microarray analysis of influenza virus-infected hNECs to elucidate nasal epithelial-initiated responses. This was followed by a metagenomic analysis which revealed transcriptomic changes comparable with clinical influenza datasets. The primary target of influenza infection was observed to be the initiator of innate and adaptive immune genes, leaning toward type-1 inflammatory activation. In addition, the model also elucidated a down-regulation of metabolic processes specific to the nasal epithelium, and not present in other models. Furthermore, the hNEC model detected all 11 gene signatures unique to influenza infection identified from a previous study, thus supporting the utility of nasal-based diagnosis in clinical settings. In conclusion, this study highlights that hNECs can serve as a model for nasal-based clinical translational studies and diagnosis to unravel nasal epithelial responses to influenza in the population, and as a means to identify novel molecular diagnostic markers of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wai Ling Hiromi Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Frasca D, Diaz A, Romero M, Thaller S, Blomberg BB. Secretion of autoimmune antibodies in the human subcutaneous adipose tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197472. [PMID: 29768501 PMCID: PMC5955545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue (AT) contributes to systemic and B cell intrinsic inflammation, reduced B cell responses and secretion of autoimmune antibodies. In this study we show that adipocytes in the human obese subcutaneous AT (SAT) secrete several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which contribute to the establishment and maintenance of local and systemic inflammation, and consequent suboptimal immune responses in obese individuals, as we have previously shown. We also show that pro-inflammatory chemokines recruit immune cells expressing the corresponding receptors to the SAT, where they also contribute to local and systemic inflammation, secreting additional pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we show that the SAT generates autoimmune antibodies. During the development of obesity, reduced oxygen and consequent hypoxia and cell death lead to further release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, “self” protein antigens, cell-free DNA and lipids. All these stimulate class switch and the production of autoimmune IgG antibodies which have been described to be pathogenic. In addition to hypoxia, we have measured cell cytotoxicity and DNA damage mechanisms, which may also contribute to the release of “self” antigens in the SAT. All these processes are significantly elevated in the SAT as compared to the blood. We definitively found that fat-specific IgG antibodies are secreted by B cells in the SAT and that B cells express mRNA for the transcription factor T-bet and the membrane marker CD11c, both involved in the production of autoimmune IgG antibodies. Finally, the SAT also expresses RNA for cytokines known to promote Germinal Center formation, isotype class switch, and plasma cell differentiation. Our results show novel mechanisms for the generation of autoimmune antibody responses in the human SAT and allow the identification of new pathways to possibly manipulate in order to reduce systemic inflammation and autoantibody production in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Seth Thaller
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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12
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Abstract
Cell membrane fatty acids influence fundamental properties of the plasma membrane, including membrane fluidity, protein functionality, and lipid raft signalling. Evidence suggests that dietary n-3 PUFA may target the plasma membrane of immune cells by altering plasma membrane lipid dynamics, thereby regulating the attenuation of immune cell activation and suppression of inflammation. As lipid-based immunotherapy might be a promising new clinical strategy for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to examine the effects of n-3 PUFA on CD4+ T cell membrane order, mitochondrial bioenergetics and lymphoproliferation. n-3 PUFA were incorporated into human primary CD4+ T cells phospholipids in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a reduction in whole cell membrane order, oxidative phosphorylation and proliferation. At higher doses, n-3 PUFA induced unique phase separation in T cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles. Similarly, in a short-term human pilot study, supplementation of fish oil (4 g n-3 PUFA/d) for 6 weeks in healthy subjects significantly elevated EPA (20 : 5n-3) levels in CD4+ T cell membrane phospholipids, and reduced membrane lipid order. These results demonstrate that the dynamic reshaping of human CD4+ T cell plasma membrane organisation by n-3 PUFA may modulate down-stream clonal expansion.
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13
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Nicholas D, Proctor EA, Raval FM, Ip BC, Habib C, Ritou E, Grammatopoulos TN, Steenkamp D, Dooms H, Apovian CM, Lauffenburger DA, Nikolajczyk BS. Advances in the quantification of mitochondrial function in primary human immune cells through extracellular flux analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170975. [PMID: 28178278 PMCID: PMC5298256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies show that mitochondrial energy generation determines the effectiveness of immune responses. Furthermore, changes in mitochondrial function may regulate lymphocyte function in inflammatory diseases like type 2 diabetes. Analysis of lymphocyte mitochondrial function has been facilitated by introduction of 96-well format extracellular flux (XF96) analyzers, but the technology remains imperfect for analysis of human lymphocytes. Limitations in XF technology include the lack of practical protocols for analysis of archived human cells, and inadequate data analysis tools that require manual quality checks. Current analysis tools for XF outcomes are also unable to automatically assess data quality and delete untenable data from the relatively high number of biological replicates needed to power complex human cell studies. The objectives of work presented herein are to test the impact of common cellular manipulations on XF outcomes, and to develop and validate a new automated tool that objectively analyzes a virtually unlimited number of samples to quantitate mitochondrial function in immune cells. We present significant improvements on previous XF analyses of primary human cells that will be absolutely essential to test the prediction that changes in immune cell mitochondrial function and fuel sources support immune dysfunction in chronic inflammatory diseases like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequina Nicholas
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Proctor
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Forum M. Raval
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Blanche C. Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Chloe Habib
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Eleni Ritou
- BioEnergetics LLC, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Devin Steenkamp
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hans Dooms
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Caroline M. Apovian
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Bucur O, Stancu AL, Muraru MS, Melet A, Petrescu SM, Khosravi-Far R. PLK1 is a binding partner and a negative regulator of FOXO3 tumor suppressor. Discoveries (Craiova) 2014; 2:e16. [PMID: 26280018 PMCID: PMC4535815 DOI: 10.15190/d.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO family members (FOXOs: FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6) are important transcription factors and tumor suppressors controlling cell homeostasis and cell fate. They are characterized by an extraordinary functional diversity, being involved in regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage response, oxidative detoxification, cell differentiation and stem cell maintenance, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, cardiac and other organ's development, aging, and other critical cellular processes. FOXOs are tightly regulated by reversible phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation. Interestingly, the known kinases phosphorylate only a small percentage of the known or predicted FOXOs phosphorylation sites, suggesting that additional kinases that phosphorylate and control FOXOs activity exist. In order to identify novel regulators of FOXO3, we have employed a proteomics screening strategy. Using HeLa cancer cell line and a Tandem Affinity Purification followed by Mass Spectrometry analysis, we identified several proteins as binding partners of FOXO3. Noteworthy, Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) proto-oncogene was one of the identified FOXO3 binding partners. PLK1 plays a critical role during cell cycle (G2-M transition and all phases of mitosis) and in maintenance of genomic stability. Our experimental results presented in this manuscript demonstrate that FOXO3 and PLK1 exist in a molecular complex through most of the phases of the cell cycle, with a higher occurrence in the G2-M cell cycle phases. PLK1 induces translocation of FOXO3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and suppresses FOXO3 activity, measured by the decrease in the pro-apoptotic Bim protein levels and in the cell cycle inhibitor protein p27. Furthermore, PLK1 can directly phosphorylate FOXO3 in an in vitro kinase assay. These results present the discovery of PLK1 proto-oncogene as a binding partner and a negative regulator of FOXO3 tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Bucur
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Lucia Stancu
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Sinziana Muraru
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Roya Khosravi-Far
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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