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The Prevalence of HIV Infection in Minority Indigenous Populations of the South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:2226-2242. [PMID: 36543946 PMCID: PMC9771782 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of HIV infection within minority indigenous populations of the South-East Asia (SEAR) and Western Pacific Regions (WPR). Sub-group analyses were conducted, and the sources of heterogeneity explored through meta-regression. The majority of studies were undertaken in high HIV risk subpopulations. There was a paucity of data for many countries with data from China representing 70% of the comparative studies. Within minority indigenous populations the pooled prevalence of HIV infection was 13.7% (95% CI 8.9, 19) and 8.4% (95% CI 6.3, 10.7) among other populations. The prevalence differential between populations was significant in the WPR (adjusted odds ratio 1.1, 95% CI 1.0, 1.2). Across both regions, in contrast to other populations, minority indigenous did not experience any significant reduction in HIV prevalence over the years of data collection. There was large heterogeneity in the prevalence of HIV across studies.
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"My Friends Would Believe My Word": Appropriateness and Acceptability of Respondent-Driven Sampling in Recruiting Young Tertiary Student Men Who Have Sex with Men for HIV/STI Research in Nairobi, Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127331. [PMID: 35742579 PMCID: PMC9223518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: We conducted formative research to assess the appropriateness and acceptability of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in recruiting tertiary student men who have sex with men (TSMSM) into a prospective human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection (HIV/STI) biobehavioral survey in Nairobi, Kenya. (2) Methods: Between September and October 2020, semi-structured qualitative interviews were held with service providers from organizations that serve MSM (n = 3), and TSMSM (n = 13). Interviews were conducted in English, audio-recorded and transcribed, then thematically analyzed using NVivo version 11. (3) Results: Service providers reflected that RDS was appropriate due to the large though concealed networks of TSMSM. TSMSM perceived RDS to be acceptable based on their large social network sizes and the trust that existed amongst themselves. TSMSM were concerned about participating due to the risk of being outed as MSM and hence emphasized that researchers needed to assure them of their confidentiality and include MSM as part of the study team to encourage participation. (4) Conclusions: RDS was perceived as both an appropriate and acceptable sampling method. Use of RDS should be considered as a strategy for recruiting young, marginalized populations for HIV/STI research.
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Mwaniki SW, Mugo PM, Palanee-Phillips T. Project BESPOKE (Integrated Bio-Behavioral Assessment of HIV and STI Among Young Tertiary Student Men Who Have Sex With Men in Nairobi, Kenya): A Respondent-Driven Sampling Survey Protocol. Front Public Health 2021; 9:619694. [PMID: 34708012 PMCID: PMC8542710 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.619694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Globally, men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Among MSM, young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, there is a dearth of research and interventions targeting HIV/STI prevention among YMSM. In Kenya, there is paucity of knowledge on the burden of HIV/STI and related factors among YMSM, including tertiary student men who have sex with men (TSMSM). The barriers TSMSM experience in accessing and utilizing health services in their learning institutions have seldom been explored. In the context of healthcare providers (HCP) working in tertiary institutions, little is known about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward providing services to TSMSM. Methods: The aims of the study are to: estimate prevalence and correlates of HIV/STI among TSMSM; estimate population size of TSMSM; explore experiences of TSMSM with access and utilization of health services; and assess HCP knowledge of, attitudes toward, and practices in provision of services to TSMSM. A mixed-methods approach will be used in three phases: Phase I-formative qualitative research will be conducted to understand TSMSM social networks, select "seeds", and explore strategies for implementing a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey. Interviews will be conducted with at least three staff who work in community based/non-governmental organizations (CBO/NGO) that serve MSM and at least 10 TSMSM. Phase II-an integrated bio-behavioral assessment (IBBA) will be conducted, where 200 TSMSM recruited by RDS will be offered HIV/STI testing, complete a behavioral survey, and provide information for population size estimation (PSE). Phase III-in-depth interviews will be held with 20 TSMSM selected from 200 TSMSM in phase II, to explore their experiences with access and utilization of healthcare services. Focus group discussions (FGD) will be conducted with HCP working in tertiary institutions to assess their knowledge of, attitudes toward, and practices in providing services to TSMSM. Data collection started in September 2020 and is expected to end by September 2021. Discussion: Findings from this study will be useful in informing HIV/STI prevention programming for TSMSM, by policy makers such the Kenyan ministries of health and education, tertiary education institutions, service providers, advocacy groups, and other interested stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Waweru Mwaniki
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University Health Services, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Mwangi Mugo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thesla Palanee-Phillips
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wang H, Yu S, Cross W, Lam L, Banik B, Zhang K. Condom Use Consistency and Associated Factors Among College Student Men Who Have Sex with Men from Seven Colleges in Changsha City: A Cross-Sectional Survey. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2021; 13:557-569. [PMID: 34040452 PMCID: PMC8140883 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s305932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background College student men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HIV infection due to multiple social and behavioral factors. Consistent condom use is nationally advocated for HIV prevention. This study explored the sexual behaviors and factors associated with condom use consistency in the past six months among college student MSM from seven colleges in Hunan Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2017 to March 2018. Condom use consistency, sexual behaviors, HIV testing performance, substance use, and alcohol consumption were examined using researcher-created questionnaires. Condom use self-efficacy and HIV-related knowledge were assessed using the Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale and the unified National AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results In the 214 respondents, the rate of consistent condom use was 56% (n = 119) during the past six months. Participants who were studying at first-tier universities (odds ratio [OR]: 2.522, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.255–5.067) and had higher scores for condom use self-efficacy (OR: 2.617, 95% CI: 1.462–4.685) were more likely to report consistent condom use than the others. The risk factor was having suspicious symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (OR: 0.357, 95% CI: 0.163–0.780). Conclusion Numerous students were at high risk of HIV infection with inconsistent condom use. Comprehensive and specific topics about safe sex education from parents and peers should be offered on campuses in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Wang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Yu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendy Cross
- School of Health, Federation University, Berwick, 3806, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louisa Lam
- School of Health, Federation University, Berwick, 3806, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biswajit Banik
- School of Health, Federation University, Berwick, 3806, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaili Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections among Jimma University Students, Southwest Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8859468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Globally, one-third of new sexually transmitted infection (STI) cases occur in people under 25 years of age every year. University students are in the youth age category and are exposed to risky sexual behaviors such as unprotected sexual intercourse leading to STIs. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of STI among Jimma University students. Method. A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Jimma University students’ clinic from April 2017 to October 2017 among students with STI syndromes. Urethral, endocervical, and vaginal discharge swabs were collected by attending nurses. Standard protocol was followed to detect the etiologies of STI. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results. The overall prevalence of STIs among clinically suspected university students was 14.3%. The predominant causes of STI were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (7.4%) followed by T. vaginalis (4.8%) and T. pallidum (3.7%). Having had sex after taking alcohol was significantly associated with STIs (
). All N. gonorrhoeae isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin and tetracycline. Conclusion. In this study, the prevalence of STI was relatively high. The isolated N. gonorrhoeae was resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Therefore, evidence-based treatment and proper reproductive health education for youth are highly recommended.
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Fan S, Yang Z, Hou F, Yu M, Luo Z, Liao M, Gong Y, Meng X, Cai Y, Zou H. HIV and syphilis and sexual risk behaviours among men who have sex with men attending university in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Health 2020; 16:554-565. [PMID: 31570116 DOI: 10.1071/sh18231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to summarise the HIV epidemic, sexual behaviours and HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending university in China. METHODS Five databases were searched for student MSM information in English and Chinese language publications. Meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled prevalence of HIV and syphilis, pooled mean age at first anal intercourse (AFAI) and the rate of other HIV-related behaviours among MSM attending university in China. Univariate meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was measured using Egger's test. RESULTS Thirty-three articles representing 31 studies were included in the analysis. The pooled HIV prevalence was 4.1% (95% CI 3.1-5.0%). The estimated AFAI was 18.7 years, but 37.5% of students had their first anal intercourse before 18 years of age. Most (88.2%) had their first sexual intercourse with a male partner. Of the MSM attending university, 4.2% of MSM engaged in commercial sex (either selling or buying sex), 10.3% had ever engaged in group sex, 13.1% had had sex with a female partner in the past month and 10.1% had ever used drugs. Most (77.7%) sought sex partners via geosocial networking gay apps or the Internet, and 42.9% had ever tested for HIV. There was a tendency for an increase in lifetime HIV testing rate from 32% in 2005-07 to 53% in 2014-16. CONCLUSIONS This review found high HIV prevalence, early AFAI and a high prevalence of sexual risk behaviours among MSM attending university in China. Interventions aimed at increasing HIV testing and reducing sexual risk behaviours are urgently needed among this young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Fan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; and School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zuyao Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Fengsu Hou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Maohe Yu
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Zhenzhou Luo
- Nanshan District Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Meizhen Liao
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yanhua Gong
- Foshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Foshan, Guangdong 528051, China
| | - Xiaojun Meng
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200020, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510006, China; and Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; and Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Dong MJ, Peng B, Liu ZF, Ye QN, Liu H, Lu XL, Zhang B, Chen JJ. The prevalence of HIV among MSM in China: a large-scale systematic analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1000. [PMID: 31775654 PMCID: PMC6880607 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become a significant public health challenge. The aim was to comprehensively estimate the national prevalence of HIV among MSM and its time trends through a large-scale systematic analysis. METHODS Systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data databases without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of HIV among MSM published before Dec.31, 2018. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods to assess the prevalence of HIV among MSM. Estimates were pooled using random-effects analysis. RESULTS Data were extracted from 355 cross-sectional studies (571,328 individuals) covered 59 cities from 30 provinces and municipalities of China. The overall national prevalence of HIV among MSM from 2001 to 2018 was estimated to be 5.7% (95% CI: 5.4-6.1%), with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 98.0%, P < 0.001). Our study showed an increased tendency in the HIV prevalence as time progressed by meta-regression analysis (I2 = 95.9%, P < 0.0001). HIV prevalence was the highest in those aged 50 years and older with HIV prevalence of 19.3% (95%CI: 13.1-27.4%, N = 13). HIV was more prevalent in the illiterate population (16.8%), than in those who had received an education. Although the internet was a major venue for Chinese MSM seeking male sex partners (35.6, 95%CI: 32.3-39.9%, N = 101), seeking MSM in bathhouses/saunas had the highest associated prevalence of HIV (13.4, 95%CI: 10.3-17.1%, N = 22). The HIV prevalence among MSM varied by location: compared with other regions in China, HIV was highly prevalent among MSM in the southwest (10.7, 95%CI: 9.3-12.2%, N = 91). Compared to participants who sometimes or always used condoms, participants who had never used a condom in the past 6 months had a higher risk of HIV infection, with odds ratios of 0.1 (95%CI: 0.08-0.14). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provided reliable estimates of China's HIV burden among MSM, which appears to present an increasing national public health challenge. Effective government responses are needed to address this challenge and include the implementation of HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Dong
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Medical Statistics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Feng Liu
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-ni Ye
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Li Lu
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Infectious Disease Department, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003 People’s Republic of China
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Dai D, Shang H, Han XX, Zhao B, Liu J, Ding HB, Xu JJ, Chu ZX. The biological characteristics of predominant strains of HIV-1 genotype: modeling of HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men. J Med Virol 2015; 87:557-68. [PMID: 25655808 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular subtypes of prevalent HIV-1 strains and characterize the genetics of dominant strains among men who have sex with men. Molecular epidemiology surveys in this study concentrated on the prevalent HIV-1 strains in Liaoning province by year. 229 adult patients infected with HIV-1 and part of a high-risk group of men who have sex with men were recruited. Reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification were performed. Sequencing reactions were conducted and edited, followed by codon-based alignment. NJ phylogenetic tree analyses detected two distinct CRF01_AE phylogenetic clusters, designated clusters 1 and 2. Clusters 1 and 2 accounted for 12.8% and 84.2% of sequences in the pol gene and 17.6% and 73.1% of sequences in the env gene, respectively. Another six samples were distributed on other phylogenetic clusters. Cluster 1 increased significantly from 5.6% to 20.0%, but cluster 2 decreased from 87.5% to 80.0%. Genetic distance analysis indicated that CRF01_AE cluster 1 in Liaoning was homologous to epidemic CRF01_AE strains, but CRF01_AE cluster 2 was different from other scattered strains. Additionally, significant differences were found in tetra-peptide motifs at the tip of V3 loop between cluster 1 and 2; however, differences in coreceptor usage were not detected. This study shows that subtype CRF01_AE strain may be the most prevalent epidemic strain in the men who have sex with men. Genetic characteristics of the subtype CRF01_AE cluster strain in Liaoning showed homology to the prevalent strains of men who have sex with men in other parts of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Dai
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Liu G, Lu H, Wang J, Xia D, Sun Y, Mi G, Wang L. Incidence of HIV and Syphilis among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Beijing: An Open Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138232. [PMID: 26426271 PMCID: PMC4591335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated HIV and syphilis incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China. Methods An open cohort was established from September 2009 to April 2012. Participants were followed up with every three to four months after recruitment and for thirty-one months in total. Chi-square tests were used to compare demographic and behavioral characteristics between participants who were followed up with and those lost to follow up. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine demographic and behavioral associations with HIV and syphilis incidence. Results 69.7% (699/1,003) of the participants finished at least two follow-up surveys during the study period. Variables which corresponded to increased loss to follow-up included younger age, less education, non-identification of homosexual identity, and migrant status. A total of 1,045 person-years (PYs) and 1,016.4 PYs were followed up for HIV and syphilis incidence estimation, respectively. The HIV incidence was 5.9 per 100 PYs and 7.8 per 100 PYs for syphilis. The predictors for the high HIV incidence included unsafe anal sex, sex after drinking alcohol and STI infection. Conclusion HIV incidence increased rapidly within the cohort, but syphilis incidence remained stable and decreased. More research is needed to provide multi-pronged HIV prevention interventions among MSM in order to reduce the increasing burden of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowu Liu
- Beijing Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Beijing Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Beijing Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Xia
- Beijing Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Beijing Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Mi
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GDM); (LMW)
| | - Liming Wang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GDM); (LMW)
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Wu J, Hu Y, Jia Y, Su Y, Cui H, Liu H, Wang N. Prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in China: an updated meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98366. [PMID: 24874882 PMCID: PMC4038612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to assess the prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted including online databases like "Wanfang", Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed and manual searches. Analyses using random-effects models were performed to estimate the prevalence of UAI among MSM in China. RESULTS Sixty-two articles reporting eighty-two studies were selected. The pooled prevalence rates of UAI with any male partner, with regular male partners, with non-regular male partners, with casual male partners, and with commercial male partners among MSM were 53%(95%CI: 51-56%), 45%(95%CI: 39-51%), 34%(95%CI: 24-45%), 33%(95%CI: 30-36%), 12% (95%CI: 5-26%), respectively. A cumulative meta-analysis found that the pooled UAI prevalence decreased over time. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of UAI with male partners among MSM in China presents a decreasing trend over the past decade, the concomitant rise in HIV prevalence and incidence indicates that current prevention intervention efforts are insufficient to effectively contain the spread of HIV. Therefore, the persistently high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors underscores the need for innovative and effective prevention strategies among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Hu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiang Jia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yingying Su
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Cui
- College of Nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men in China: a meta-analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:620431. [PMID: 24868533 PMCID: PMC4017804 DOI: 10.1155/2014/620431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To figure out the most current prevalence of HIV and syphilis in MSM in China. Methods. A meta-analysis was conducted on the studies searched through PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang published between 1 January 2009 and 11 April 2013. Results. Eighty-four eligible studies, either in Chinese or in English, were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection in MSM in China was 6.5% and 11.2%, respectively. The subgroup analyses indicated that the prevalence of HIV infection was higher in the economically less developed cities than that in the developed cities (7.5% versus 6.1%, P < 0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of syphilis infection was lower in less developed cities than in developed cities (8.6% versus 15.1%). Studies with a sample size smaller than 500 had a lower prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection than those with a sample size greater than 500 (5.9% versus 7.2% for HIV; 11.0% versus 11.5% for syphilis, respectively). Conclusions. HIV and syphilis infection are prevalent in MSM in China. The different prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection between developing and developed cities underscores the need to target prevention strategies based on economic conditions.
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