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Brooks KM, Charlot-Swilley D, Robertson HA, Bodrick N, Danielson AL, Genovez M, Boogaard C, Morris S, Deshmukh S, Kiker L, Green O, Le HN. "A Judgment-Free Zone": Adaptation and Pilot Study of a Virtual Wellness Group for African American Mothers with Young Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:390. [PMID: 38673302 PMCID: PMC11049826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly challenging for the mental health of African American (AA) birthing people. The pandemic necessitated shifting mental health care to online interventions. The goals of this study were to (1) describe an adapted evidence-based group preventive intervention for AA mothers with young children within a pediatric setting and (2) evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of this virtual intervention. Phase 1 describes the adaptation of the HealthySteps Mom's Virtual Wellness Group, including eight weekly sessions based on the Mothers and Babies Course. Phase 2 was a mixed-methods, pre-post intervention design. Six AA mothers with young children completed questionnaires related to depression, anxiety, and parenting competence at three time points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3). The participants also completed a focus group post-T2 to gather qualitative feedback regarding the intervention. The median scores for depression were lower at T2 and increased at T3, and for anxiety, they increased at T2 and decreased at T3. The median scores for parenting competence increased across the three time points. The participants attended a mean of 7.2 sessions (SD = 0.74). The qualitative results indicate that the participants gained a sense of empowerment, enjoyed connecting with other mothers, and acquired information. This pilot study suggests that a virtual intervention is feasible, acceptable, and can increase parenting competence and support among AA mothers with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Brooks
- Children’s National Hospital, 1 Inventa Place 5th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (N.B.); (M.G.); (C.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Dominique Charlot-Swilley
- Department of Psychiatry, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (D.C.-S.); (H.A.R.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Hillary A. Robertson
- Department of Psychiatry, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (D.C.-S.); (H.A.R.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Nia Bodrick
- Children’s National Hospital, 1 Inventa Place 5th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (N.B.); (M.G.); (C.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Aimee L. Danielson
- Department of Psychiatry, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (D.C.-S.); (H.A.R.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Marta Genovez
- Children’s National Hospital, 1 Inventa Place 5th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (N.B.); (M.G.); (C.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Claire Boogaard
- Children’s National Hospital, 1 Inventa Place 5th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (N.B.); (M.G.); (C.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Sydney Morris
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94308, USA;
| | - Sanyukta Deshmukh
- Children’s National Hospital, 1 Inventa Place 5th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (N.B.); (M.G.); (C.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Lauren Kiker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20013, USA; (L.K.); (O.G.); (H.-N.L.)
| | - Olukemi Green
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20013, USA; (L.K.); (O.G.); (H.-N.L.)
| | - Huynh-Nhu Le
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20013, USA; (L.K.); (O.G.); (H.-N.L.)
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Quinn EB, Ross JD, Boston PQ, Committee HS, Mulligan CJ, Gravlee CC. The social patterning of vicarious discrimination: Implications for health equity. Soc Sci Med 2023; 332:116104. [PMID: 37517313 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most research on discrimination and health operationalizes discrimination as direct individual experiences. Here, we examine the social patterning of vicarious discrimination, an important but largely overlooked dimension of discrimination. METHODS Drawing on community-based participatory research with a multi-stage probability sample (n = 178) of African Americans in Tallahassee, Florida, we measured vicarious discrimination, or exposure to discrimination through one's family and friends. We used chi-square tests to examine gender differences in the social domains and relational sources of vicarious discrimination. Negative binomial regression models were fit to identify predictors of exposure to vicarious discrimination. RESULTS Vicarious discrimination is more prevalent than direct experiences of discrimination (73 versus 61%) and more than 20% of participants report vicarious discrimination in the absence of direct discrimination. For women, vicarious discrimination most often involved the workplace; for men, police. However, gender differences are smaller for vicarious versus direct discrimination. Close friends and children were top relational sources of vicarious discrimination for men and women, respectively. Middle-aged participants reported the most vicarious discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data show that vicarious discrimination is more common than widely understood and associated with individual-level sociodemographic characteristics that index one's position in broader social systems. The prevalence of vicarious discrimination in the absence of direct discrimination suggests that standard approaches, which measure individual exposures in isolation, are subject to misclassification bias. Our results imply that existing research on discrimination and health, which already demonstrates substantial harm, underestimates African Americans' true exposures to salient aspects of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Quinn
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Jessica D Ross
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - P Qasimah Boston
- Tallahassee Food Network, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | | | - Connie J Mulligan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Clarence C Gravlee
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Whittaker S, Martinez I, Kershaw T. Disparities in healthcare utilization and depression among young mothers: The role of family functioning. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231199039. [PMID: 37772936 PMCID: PMC10542225 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231199039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extant research suggests that disparities in healthcare utilization and experiences of mental health disorders such as depression exist across sociodemographic groups. One understudied pathway that may have significant implications for these disparities is the role of family functioning. How families interact, communicate, and adapt may vary, but these relationships remain integral for vulnerable subsets of the population due to their seemingly protective properties. Yet, few studies have examined the relationship between family functioning and health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore family functioning as a predictor for healthcare utilization and depression among young mothers and as a moderator of disparities for each of these outcomes. DESIGN/METHODS This analysis uses data from a prospective cohort study which was conducted with 296 pregnant young women recruited from obstetrics clinics in Connecticut between July 2007 and February 2011 and followed 1-year postpartum. Logistic regression models were used to assess family functioning, race/ethnicity, and immigrant status as predictors of healthcare utilization and depression. Family functioning was evaluated as a moderator for both outcomes. RESULTS Black and Latina mothers had decreased odds of using physical healthcare services (odds ratioBlack = 0.13, p < 0.001; odds ratioLatina = 0.31, p = 0.02). Family functioning was associated with decreased odds of using mental healthcare services (odds ratio = 0.97, p = 0.04) and had a protective effect against depression (odds ratio = 0.96, p = 0.003). Family functioning significantly moderated the relationship between immigrant status and physical healthcare utilization, Black race/ethnicity and physical healthcare utilization, and Other race/ethnicity and depression. CONCLUSION Family functioning is a significant factor associated with both healthcare utilization and depression among young mothers. It should be a strongly considered component within healthcare settings to mitigate risks among vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Whittaker
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Isabel Martinez
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Trace Kershaw
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Carroll JE, Price JE, Brown J, Bamishigbin O, Shalowitz MU, Ramey S, Dunkel Schetter C. Lifetime discrimination in low to middle income mothers and cellular aging: A prospective analysis. Soc Sci Med 2022; 311:115356. [PMID: 36122526 PMCID: PMC10024938 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiences of discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, and other characteristics are associated with adverse health outcomes, including elevated rates of morbidity in later life and earlier mortality. Acceleration of biological aging is a plausible pathway linking discrimination to disease risk. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of self-reported lifetime and everyday discrimination to women's telomere length several years after birth of a child in a longitudinal cohort study. METHODS The Community Child Health Network (CCHN) conducted a community-based participatory research project focused on racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in maternal and child health. Data for the current substudy are from a longitudinal cohort study in 3 of the 5 project sites. This multi-site community-based longitudinal study was conducted in Lake County, IL north of Chicago, Washington, D.C., and rural North Carolina. Participants were low to middle-income mothers (N = 103) with a primary identity of Hispanic/Latina, Black, or non-Hispanic White who rated their experience of everyday and lifetime discrimination during an at-home interview one-month postpartum. Buccal samples were collected to assay buccal cell telomere length several years later when a consecutive child was 3-5 years of age. Telomere length derived from buccal cells was used as a biomarker indicating cellular aging and a risk factor for age-related disease. RESULTS Mothers (18-39 years old) who reported higher lifetime discrimination had shorter telomere length an average of 5.6 years later (B = -0.22 [SE = 0.04], p < 0.001). Mother's reports of everyday discrimination were not significantly related to telomere length (0.01[0.01], p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that lifetime exposure to discrimination, but not necessarily current reports of everyday discrimination, may increase biological aging as indicated by shorter buccal cell telomere length, providing evidence of a plausible route through which discrimination contributes to increased risk for earlier onset aging and age-related disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Carroll
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, United States.
| | - Jonah Eliezer Price
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Joni Brown
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, United States
| | | | - Madeleine U Shalowitz
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Department of Pediatrics, Rush University, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Sharon Ramey
- Virginia Tech, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Human Development, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine and Pediatrics, United States
| | - Christine Dunkel Schetter
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, United States; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, United States
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Yelton B, Friedman DB, Noblet S, Lohman MC, Arent MA, Macauda MM, Sakhuja M, Leith KH. Social Determinants of Health and Depression among African American Adults: A Scoping Review of Current Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031498. [PMID: 35162519 PMCID: PMC8834771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Depression in the United States (US) is increasing across all races and ethnicities and is attributed to multiple social determinants of health (SDOH). For members of historically marginalized races and ethnicities, depression is often underreported and undertreated, and can present as more severe. Limited research explores multiple SDOH and depression among African American adults in the US. Guided by Healthy People (HP) 2030, and using cross-disciplinary mental health terminology, we conducted a comprehensive search to capture studies specific to African American adults in the US published after 2016. We applied known scoping review methodology and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. From 12,315 initial results, 60 studies were included in our final sample. Most studies explored the HP 2030 Social and Community Context domain, with a heavy focus on discrimination and social support; no studies examined Health Care Access and Quality. Researchers typically utilized cross-sectional, secondary datasets; no qualitative studies were included. We recommend research that comprehensively examines mental health risk and protective factors over the life course within, not just between, populations to inform tailored health promotion and public policy interventions for improving SDOH and reducing racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks Yelton
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Daniela B. Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuel Noblet
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
- Prevention Research Center, Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Matthew C. Lohman
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michelle A. Arent
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Mark M. Macauda
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
- Center for Applied Research and Evaluation, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mayank Sakhuja
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Katherine H. Leith
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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Crawford AD, Darilek U, McGlothen-Bell K, Gill SL, Lopez E, Cleveland L. Scoping Review of Microaggression as an Experience of Racism and Perinatal Health Outcomes. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2022; 51:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Donofry SD, Stillman CM, Hanson JL, Sheridan M, Sun S, Loucks EB, Erickson KI. Promoting brain health through physical activity among adults exposed to early life adversity: Potential mechanisms and theoretical framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:688-703. [PMID: 34624365 PMCID: PMC8642290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences such as abuse, neglect, and poverty, profoundly alter neurobehavioral development in a manner that negatively impacts health across the lifespan. Adults who have been exposed to such adversities exhibit premature and more severe age-related declines in brain health. Unfortunately, it remains unclear whether the negative effects of early life adversity (ELA) on brain health can be remediated through intervention in adulthood. Physical activity may represent a low-cost behavioral approach to address the long-term consequences of ELA on brain health. However, there has been limited research examining the impact of physical activity on brain health among adults with a history of ELA. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to (1) review the influence of ELA on brain health in adulthood and (2) highlight evidence for the role of neurotrophic factors, hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis regulation, inflammatory processes, and epigenetic modifications in mediating the effects of both ELA and physical activity on brain health outcomes in adulthood. We then propose a theoretical framework to guide future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D Donofry
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Psychiatric and Behavioral Health Institute, Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jamie L Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Mindfulness Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eric B Loucks
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Mindfulness Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Murdoch University, College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Tyler KM, Stevens-Watkins D, Burris JL, Fisher SD, Hargons CN. Black Psychology and Whiteness: Toward a Conceptual Model of Black Trauma through the Prism of Whiteness. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00957984211034948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this article is to introduce and examine whiteness as a source of trauma for Black people. We explore Black psychology scholarship to conceptually ground whiteness as the impetus for racism, while identifying it as an interpersonal, psychosocial, and contextual phenomenon that informs the race-based traumatic experiences of Black people. The primary factors constituting whiteness are ethnocentric monoculturalism, White standardization, ontological expansiveness, White emotions, attitudes, reactions to race, and White privilege. While racism operates through oppression and exclusion to produce trauma among Black people, we argue that whiteness operates similarly to produce race-based traumatic stress. With this premise, we offer and explain a conceptual model to promote empirical research that identifies and operationalizes whiteness and its components as observable contributors to the traumatic experiences of Black persons.
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Direct and Vicarious Racial Discrimination at Three Life Stages and Preterm Labor: Results from the African American Women's Heart & Health Study. Matern Child Health J 2021; 24:1387-1395. [PMID: 32920761 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health disparities research has demonstrated a negative relationship between racial discrimination and African American women's maternal health outcomes. Yet, the relationship between racial discrimination and preterm labor, a key measure of maternal health, remains understudied. This study sought to examine the associations between preterm labor and direct and vicarious racial discrimination among African American women at three life stages: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. METHODS Logistic regression methods were used to analyze cross-sectional data from the African American Women's Heart & Health Study (AAWHHS; N = 173). The AAWHHS includes detailed maternal health information on a community sample of African American women residing in the San Francisco Bay Area. RESULTS Findings indicated each unit increase in adolescent direct racial discrimination was associated with a 48% increase in the odds of preterm labor (OR: 1.480, 95% CI 1.002-2.187, p < 0.05) and each unit increase in childhood vicarious racial discrimination was associated with a 45% increase in the odds of preterm labor (OR: 1.453, 95% CI 1.010-2.092, p < 0.05) after adjusting for number of pregnancies and socioeconomic variables. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence of an association between life-stage racial discrimination and preterm labor risk among African American women, underscoring a need to consider how both directly and vicariously experienced racial discrimination at different developmental periods impact racial disparities in birth outcomes.
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Ponting C, Chavira DA, Ramos I, Christensen W, Guardino C, Schetter CD. Postpartum depressive symptoms in low-income Latinas: Cultural and contextual contributors. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 26:544-556. [PMID: 32105108 PMCID: PMC7483184 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a conceptual model of postpartum depression risk in Latinas including both contextual and cultural stressors, we tested contributions to depressive symptom levels and trajectories over the course of 1 year following birth in a community sample of Latinas. METHOD A multisite sample of low-income U.S.-born and foreign-born Latinas (n = 537; M age = 25.70) was interviewed on many topics including measures of stress and maternal health at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Nested multilevel growth curve models were implemented to test associations of contextual stressors (poverty, domestic violence) with trajectories of depressive symptoms, adjusting for confounds. This model was compared to 1 that added cultural stress variables (everyday discrimination, foreign-born status, language preference, age at immigration) measured 1-month postpartum. RESULTS The best fitting model provided evidence for the independent effects of cultural and contextual stressors. Discrimination (β = .13 SE = .02, p = < .001) and domestic violence (β = .39 SE = .09, p = < .001) predicted trajectories with higher levels of depressive symptoms 1 month postpartum, but not linear change in symptoms over the year. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that discrimination, a cultural factor, and domestic violence, a contextual factor, each predict higher levels of early postpartum depressive symptoms. Interventions addressing discrimination and maternal safety are recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ponting
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA
| | - Denise A. Chavira
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA
| | - Isabel Ramos
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wendy Christensen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA
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Roberts LB, Maduro RS, Derlega VJ, Peterkin AL, Hacker DS, Ellis KT. Race-Based Rejection Sensitivity and Racial Identity Predict African American Students’ Reactions to the Fatal Shooting of Other African Americans: Personal Threat and Identification with Shooting Victims as Mediators. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2017.1328242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurin B. Roberts
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Ralitsa S. Maduro
- Quality Research Institute, Sentara Healthcare, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Desi S. Hacker
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Kelsey T. Ellis
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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