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Snoek A, Edens R, van Ballegooijen W, Dekker J, Beekman ATF, Thomaes K. A network perspective on posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid borderline personality disorder symptoms. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2367815. [PMID: 38957149 PMCID: PMC11225629 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2367815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) is surrounded by diagnostic controversy and although various effective treatments exist, dropout and nonresponse are high.Objective: By estimating the network structure of comorbid PTSD and BPD symptoms, the current study illustrates how the network perspective offers tools to tackle these challenges.Method: The sample comprised of 154 patients with a PTSD diagnosis and BPD symptoms, assessed by clinician-administered interviews. A regularised partial correlation network was estimated using the GLASSO algorithm in R. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified. The reliability and accuracy of network parameters were determined through bootstrapping analyses.Results: PTSD and BPD symptoms largely clustered into separate communities. Intrusive memories, physiological cue reactivity and loss of interest were the most central symptoms, whereas amnesia and suicidal behaviour were least central.Conclusions: Present findings suggest that PTSD and BPD are two distinct, albeit weakly connected disorders. Treatment of the most central symptoms could lead to an overall deactivation of the network, while isolated symptoms would need more specific attention during therapy. Further experimental, longitudinal research is needed to confirm these hypotheses.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03833453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Snoek
- Arkin, Sinai Centrum, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roos Edens
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Ballegooijen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Dekker
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aartjan TF Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathleen Thomaes
- Arkin, Sinai Centrum, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Sarr R, Quinton A, Spain D, Rumball F. A Systematic Review of the Assessment of ICD-11 Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) in Young People and Adults. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e3012. [PMID: 38894553 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) was introduced in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 11 in 2013 to simplify diagnosis and increase clinical utility. Given the recent ICD-11 conceptualisation, there is no standard approach for its assessment, and a review of research is necessary. This systematic review focuses on ICD-11 CPTSD assessment in young people aged 7 to 17 and adults aged 18 and above, examining measures, differentiating features and clinical considerations. Data from five databases are reviewed using a narrative synthesis approach and the quality of evidence is assessed and discussed. A total of 36 studies involving 5901 participants recruited from clinical settings and 1458 professionals with CPTSD assessment experience were included. Studies predominantly focused on adults, and the most used measure for assessment was the International Trauma Questionnaire. Papers focusing on differentiating features highlighted increased symptom severity, impairment and difficulties in individuals with CPTSD, compared to those with PTSD across various characteristics in both young people and adults. This review also identified the importance of a sensitive clinical approach with adaptations based on culture and age. Although gold-standard recommendations cannot be made, this paper offers tentative clinical practice recommendations and considerations regarding ICD-11 CPTSD assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sarr
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Quinton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debbie Spain
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Freya Rumball
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Adult Autism Service, Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Dartford, UK
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De Jongh A, Hafkemeijer LCS. Trauma-focused treatment of a client with Complex PTSD and comorbid pathology using EMDR therapy. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:824-835. [PMID: 37058521 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is a classification within the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) that, besides the DSM-5 symptom clusters of post-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), includes the presence of negative self-concept, difficulties in regulating emotions and relationship skills. The purpose of the present study was to provide guidance on how to deliver Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the context of CPTSD, based on current clinical knowledge and the latest scientific research findings. METHOD This paper describes the treatment of a 52-year-old woman with CPTSD and borderline personality disorder for which immediate trauma-focused EMDR therapy was used. RESULTS First, a description of what EMDR therapy entails and some important treatment strategies that the therapist may employ to assist in trauma-focused treatment of clients with CPTSD using EMDR therapy are outlined. CONCLUSION The treatment results are in line with mounting evidence supporting the notion that EMDR therapy is a safe and potentially effective treatment alternative for individuals with CPTSD or personality problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Jongh
- Psychotrauma Expertise Centre (PSYTREC), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Department PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- School of Health Sciences, Salford University, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Mohammadi Z, Dehghani M, Fathali Lavasani F, Farahani H, Ashouri A. A network analysis of ICD-11 Complex PTSD, emotional processing, and dissociative experiences in the context of psychological trauma at different developmental stages. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1372620. [PMID: 38532985 PMCID: PMC10963615 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1372620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Traumatic experiences are a significant risk factor for psychological disturbances, including disorders such as complex posttraumatic stress disorder, emotion-processing problems, and trauma-related dissociative experiences. The present investigation examined the coexistence of these symptoms using a network analysis model. Method This study included a sample of 406 people referred to comprehensive health centers in Tehran from September to December 2023 with psychopathological syndromes. Variables were assessed using The International Trauma Questionnaire, International Measurement of Exposure to Traumatic Event checklist, Baker Emotional Processing Questionnaire, and Dissociative Experiences. A regularized partial correlation network and Glasso algorithm, in combination with Extended Bayesian information criteria, were applied to estimate the network structure. Results Signs of unprocessed emotions and disturbance in self-organization symptoms were the most important symptoms in the symptom network, forming strong connections with other nodes. Thereby, these two symptoms can be regarded as the most important clinical manifestations in the symptom network following traumatic experiences. Three distinct symptom communities were identified: the community of traumatic experiences (childhood, adolescence, adulthood), the community of dissociative experiences (amnesia, depersonalization/derealization, and absorption), and the community of emotional processing (suppression, unpleasant emotional experience, Signs of unprocessed emotions, avoidance, and emotional control, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and disturbance in self-organization symptoms). The strongest edges observed were between childhood trauma-adolescence trauma (0.473) in the community of traumatic experiences, between amnesia and depersonalization/derealization (0.644) in the community of dissociative experiences, and between disturbance in self-organization symptoms and unprocessed emotions (0.324) in the community of emotional processing, indicating the recurrent occurrence of these symptoms. Conclusion In this study, disturbance in self-organization symptoms was identified as the central psychopathologic symptom in individuals experiencing traumas at different developmental stages. It seems that adolescent trauma and not childhood trauma plays a more decisive role in the symptoms that a person manifests after traumatic experiences. Also, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and disturbance in self-organization symptoms were recognized in the cluster of emotional processing symptoms and can have substantial roles in prioritizing therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Dehghani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ashouri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Salas F, Nvo-Fernández M, Leiva-Bianchi M, Sáez DA, Páeza GS, García MV, Villacura-Herrera C. Components of event-related potentials and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2297641. [PMID: 38214169 PMCID: PMC10791106 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2297641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by symptoms associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, altered self-image, impulsivity, and instability in personal relationships. A relationship has been found between BPD symptoms and altered neuropsychological processes. Studies of event-related potentials (ERP) measured with electroencephalogram (EEG) have found neural correlates related to BPD symptoms. Of note is the P300 component, considered a potential mental health biomarker for trauma-associated disorders. However, no meta-analysis has been found to demonstrate this relationship.Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the P300 component and BPD symptoms. To evaluate the relationship of other ERP components with BPD symptoms.Methods: The method and procedure were adjusted to the PRISMA checklist. The search was performed in three databases: WOS, Scopus and PubMed. A Random Effects Model was used to perform the analysis of the studies. In addition, a meta-regression was performed with % women, Gini and GDP. Finally, a descriptive analysis of the main results found between P300, other ERP components (LPP, P100 and ERN/Ne) and BPD symptoms was performed.Results: From a review of 485 articles, a meta-analysis was performed with six articles that met the inclusion criteria. A moderate, positive relationship was found between the P300 component and BPD symptoms (REM = .489; p < .001). It was not possible to perform meta-analyses for other ERP components (LPP, P100 and ERN/Ne) due to the low number of articles found.Conclusion: The idea that P300 could be considered for use as a biomarker to identify altered neural correlates in BPD is reinforced. In addition, a moderating effect of inequality (Gini) was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Salas
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Nvo-Fernández
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Daniela Avello Sáez
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldy Sepúlveda Páeza
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marc Via García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cesar Villacura-Herrera
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Bateman A, Rüfenacht E, Perroud N, Debbané M, Nolte T, Shaverin L, Fonagy P. Childhood maltreatment, dissociation and borderline personality disorder: Preliminary data on the mediational role of mentalizing in complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 38108566 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatments for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are less effective for patients with co-occurring symptoms of both disorders, who are considered to have complex PTSD (cPTSD), compared with patients with either condition alone. Evidence suggests that co-occurrence of symptoms indicates greater impairment in mentalizing. This study examines evidence for targeting mentalizing when treating individuals with co-occurring symptoms, irrespective of their exposure to developmental trauma and, for the first time, investigates the mediational role of mentalizing in the associations between BPD symptomatology and cPTSD. DESIGN We identified in a routine clinical service a group of patients with BPD, with or without co-occurring symptoms of PTSD. We hypothesized that patients with co-occurring symptoms and a history of childhood maltreatment will show more severe clinical profiles and greater mentalizing problems, which in turn lead to symptoms consistent with cPTSD. METHOD Clinical profiles of 72 patients with BPD (43 with and 29 without co-occurring symptoms of PTSD; mean age in both groups 28 years, 79% and 83% female, respectively) were identified using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders. Patients completed self-report measures of BPD and PTSD symptoms, well-being, dissociation and reflective functioning. Childhood trauma histories were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with patients with BPD-only, those with co-occurring BPD and PTSD showed greater severity in terms of BPD and dissociative symptoms, met a broader range of BPD diagnostic criteria, had a greater sense of personal worthlessness and self-evaluated their well-being as considerably diminished. This group was also more inclined to recall increased instances of childhood sexual abuse. In a mediation analysis, mentalizing acted as a partial mediator for the relationship between BPD severity and cPTSD, as well as between dissociative symptoms and cPTSD. Interestingly, mentalizing did not mediate the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and cPTSD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the correlational findings are consistent with an intended focus on mentalizing to treat cPTSD symptoms in individuals who also meet criteria for a diagnosis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bateman
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychoanalysis Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Rüfenacht
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nader Perroud
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Nolte
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud Centre, London, UK
| | - Lisa Shaverin
- Anna Freud Centre, London, UK
- Tavistock Trauma Service, Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Anna Freud Centre, London, UK
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Lee J, Choi H. ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder and subclasses of borderline personality disorder in a South Korean adult population with childhood abuse experiences: a latent class analysis. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:36. [PMID: 38098052 PMCID: PMC10722676 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD), which are distinctive diagnoses, share the common risk factor of childhood abuse experiences. However, additional evidence is needed to determine which factors contribute to the manifestation of different symptoms. METHOD Participants were 499 South Korean early and midlife adults with primarily college level education who reported experiences of childhood abuse. They were enrolled from an online panel using a stratified sampling considering gender, age, and residence information. A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify the patterns of CPTSD and BPD symptoms. We adopted a three-step LCA to compare types of childhood abuse, invalidating environments, attachment styles, and pathological personality traits among different classes. RESULTS The LCA revealed four classes. Class 1 showed the highest scores in all symptoms and risk factors. Class 2 was distinguished from Class 3 by the externalizing versus internalizing associated pathological personality traits. Class 3 experienced high emotional neglect in addition to other types of abuse and it also showed an additional avoidant attachment style. Class 4 showed low symptomatology. CONCLUSION Class 1 was named as a CPTSD and BPD "comorbid" class, Class 2 as an "externalizing BPD" class, Class 3 as an "avoidant BPD" class, and Class 4 as a "low symptom" class. Childhood abuse may heighten the risk for high comorbidity of CPTSD and BPD as well as externalizing-internalizing subgroups of BPD. Beyond the identification of CPTSD and BPD, assessing attachment styles and pathological personality traits based on dimensional approaches would benefit the tailoring of effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Lee
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
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Karatzias T, Bohus M, Shevlin M, Hyland P, Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Cloitre M. Is it possible to differentiate ICD-11 complex PTSD from symptoms of borderline personality disorder? World Psychiatry 2023; 22:484-486. [PMID: 37713570 PMCID: PMC10503893 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thanos Karatzias
- Edinburgh Napier University, School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Bohus
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Neil P Roberts
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Psychology and Psychological Therapies Directorate, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marylène Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Karatzias T, Bohus M, Shevlin M, Hyland P, Bisson JI, Roberts N, Cloitre M. Distinguishing between ICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: clinical guide and recommendations for future research. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 223:403-406. [PMID: 37381070 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2023.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Although complex post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder are distinct disorders, there is confusion in clinical practice regarding the similarities between the diagnostic profiles of these conditions. We summarise the differences in the diagnostic criteria that are clinically informative and we illustrate these with case studies to enable diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK; and NHS Lothian, Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Bohus
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Neil Roberts
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; and Psychology and Psychological Therapies Directorate, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marylène Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Mavrenkova PV, Khlebnikova NN, Alchinova IB, Demorzhi MS, Shoibonov BB, Karganov MY. Effects of Maternal Separation and Subsequent Stress on Behaviors and Brain Monoamines in Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:956. [PMID: 37371434 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity can induce maladaptive behaviors and increase risk for affective disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, and vulnerability to stress in adulthood. Deprivation of maternal care interrupts brain development through the disturbance of various neurotransmitters, however, the details remain unclear. The features of the symptoms of disorders are largely determined by early stress protocol, genetic characteristics (line), and the sex of the animals. The purpose of current study was (1) to assess behavioral changes in adult Wistar rats of both sexes after early life stress; (2) to determine the levels of monoamines in brain structures involved in the motor, emotional, and social reactions in rats aged 1 and 2 months; and (3) to determine the level of monoamines after physical or emotional stress in adult rats. The rat pups were separated from their dams and isolated from siblings in tight boxes at a temperature of 22-23 °C for 6 h during postnatal days 2-18. The data were processed predominantly using two-way analysis of variance and the Newman-Keys test as the post hoc analysis. The adult rats demonstrated an increase in motor activity and aggressiveness and a decrease in levels of anxiety and sociability. Behavioral disturbances were accompanied by region-, sex-, and age-dependent changes in the levels of monoamines and their metabolites. The dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems were found to be sensitive to psycho-emotional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina V Mavrenkova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Khlebnikova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B Alchinova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S Demorzhi
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Batozhab B Shoibonov
- P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Karganov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
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