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El-kholy HM, Mubarak AAELR, Elheniedy MA, AL-Deeb FA. Socioeconomic status and psychiatric comorbidity associated with suicidal behavior among a sample of Egyptian patients who attended Tanta University emergency hospital for suicide-related problems. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many studies found association between psychosocial factors and suicidal behavior; this association differs from one community to another, and this difference could affect the risk assessment and the management of suicidal behavior. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of socioeconomic, cultural, and psychosocial profile including psychiatric comorbidity on individuals with suicidal behavior who attended Tanta University emergency hospital.
Results
Family troubles were the commonest cause of suicidal behavior (28%), and drug overdose was the commonest method of attempt (38%). Positive correlation is between age and score of Beck scale for suicidal ideation (p = 0.000) which indicates that suicidal ideation increases with age. Significant association is between psychiatric comorbidity and Beck’s scale for suicidal ideation (p = 0.019), with size of association (η = 0.58).
Regression analysis showed that older age, female sex, illiterates, widows, cases with psychiatric illness, and low socioeconomic status when act altogether are the significant predictor of suicidal ideation of our studied sample.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that studying psychosocial factors in individuals who came to emergency hospital of Tanta University could be a reflection of the community visiting this hospital asking for medical emergency service; the comprehensive and multifactorial assessment we have been adopted in this work could help in better understanding of the suicidal risk factors in this community and consequently help in part in tailoring the clinical service for this sector of patient.
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Bøe AS, Mehlum L, Melle I, Qin P. Psychiatric disorders among adults treated for deliberate self-harm in general hospital: A national register study. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:490-496. [PMID: 36162670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders are common among individuals treated for deliberate self-harm (DSH) in general hospitals. However, few large-scale studies have explicitly addressed psychiatric disorders among adult DSH patients. AIM To examine the presence of psychiatric disorders among adults presenting to general hospitals following DSH, and further to establish clinical and sociodemographic determinants of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder in this patient population. METHOD Data from several national registers were interlinked to identify all individuals aged 18 and older presenting to general hospital for DSH during the period 2008-2018. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between psychiatric disorders (ICD-10) and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the DSH patients. RESULTS Altogether 39,534 subjects with 63,622 episodes of DSH were included in the study with a gender ratio (F:M) of 1.48. The majority were unmarried and had low income and education. Psychiatric disorders were present in 58.5 % of all episodes and in 54.3 % of the index episodes. Affective disorders displayed the highest prevalence (18.3 %), followed by alcohol use disorder (16.4 %). Personality disorders were highly prevalent among young females with multiple DSH episodes. Middle-aged individuals had the highest prevalence of psychiatric disorders. Presence of psychiatric disorders was significantly associated with DSH repetition. LIMITATIONS Data was restricted to variables available in the registers. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric disorders were common among DSH patients in the present cohort, but distributed differently between the genders. DSH repetition and middle-age was associated with being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Seljenes Bøe
- The National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars Mehlum
- The National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Norway
| | - Ping Qin
- The National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Lumpe M, Schurr J, Rabe C, Ott A, Zellner T, Rentrop M, Eyer F, Geith S. Socio-demographic and psychiatric profile of patients hospitalized due to self-poisoning with suicidal intention. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2022; 21:16. [PMID: 35681219 PMCID: PMC9185897 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-022-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the psychiatric profile of patients hospitalized due to self-intoxication associated with suicide-related behavior (SRB). METHODS In this retrospective single-center study, records of consecutive patients treated for suicidal poisoning in our Clinical Toxicology unit between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016, who received at least one psychiatric exploration during their inpatient stay, were analyzed with regard to epidemiological data, ingested substances, psychiatric and somatic comorbidities, suicidal circumstances and follow-up therapy. RESULTS Out of 1289 hospitalized patients, 1090 patients with complete data were analyzed. Mean age was 40.5 ± 17.2 years, 66.7% were female. 32.0% of patients had previously engaged in SRB, in 76.3% intention was suicidal. 64.7% of patients had a pre-existing psychiatric disorder (PD). Patients with a pre-existing PD more often displayed prior SRB than those without PD (40.7% vs 15.3%; p < 0.001; Fisher's exact test), used long-term/on demand medication (70.2% vs 38.9%; p < 0.001), distanced themselves from the current suicide attempt (65.9% vs 50.8%; p < 0.001) and had no detectable trigger (38.7% vs 18.1%; p < 0.001). Partnership conflict was the most commonly named trigger, and it was documented more often in patients without than in those with PD (41.6% vs 25.6%). After psychiatric reevaluation, most patients were diagnosed with mood disorders (29.7%) and stress disorders (17.0%); 32.8% of patients had a combination of two or more PDs. CONCLUSION Hospitalization due to self-poisoning is associated with pre-existing PD, prior SRB and access to psychiatric medication. Detection of these risk factors could allow timely introduction of effective preventive measures tailored to particularly vulnerable subgroups and appropriate relief. However, lack of a detectable trigger in many cases may hamper the identification of those at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lumpe
- Division of Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre Munich, Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christian Rabe
- Division of Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre Munich, Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Zellner
- Division of Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre Munich, Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rentrop
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,kbo-Inn-Salzach Clinic, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
| | - Florian Eyer
- Division of Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre Munich, Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Geith
- Division of Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre Munich, Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Covert D, Fraire MG. The role of anxiety for youth experiencing suicide-related behaviors. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2019.1630284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria G Fraire
- Franciscan Children’s, Brighton, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Brighton, MA, USA
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Örengül AC, Ucuz İ, Oner Battaloglu N, Ozek G, Gormez V. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicidality among children and adolescents with thalassemia major—A Turkish sample. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2018.1500290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - İlknur Ucuz
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nergiz Oner Battaloglu
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Clinic, Losante Child and Adult’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulcihan Ozek
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Clinic, Manisa Merkezefendi Public Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Vahdet Gormez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, MRCPsych, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sawa M, Koishikawa H, Osaki Y. Risk Factors of a Suicide Reattempt by Seasonality and the Method of a Previous Suicide Attempt: A Cohort Study in a Japanese Primary Care Hospital. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2017; 47:688-695. [PMID: 28030756 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Suicide has a great impact on the individual whose life is lost and the bereaved family members. The risk of a suicide reattempt is particularly high during the first 12 months after a suicide attempt. In this cohort study, risk factors for a suicide reattempt were explored among 291 patients at suicide risk. Clinical and demographic data were collected from a Japanese primary care hospital. Past psychiatric history and multiple diagnoses were associated with suicide reattempts in both genders. Drug overdose, past psychiatric history, and the summer season were linked to suicide reattempts among males. Past psychiatric history and multiple diagnoses were linked to suicide reattempts among females. Appropriate assessment of past psychiatric history, season and method of suicide attempt, gender, and diagnosis may play a role in preventing suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Sawa Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Veras JLDA, Ximenes RCC, de Vasconcelos FMN, Sougey EB. Prevalence of Suicide Risk Among Adolescents With Depressive Symptoms. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016; 30:2-6. [PMID: 26804494 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of the risk of suicide among adolescents and to investigate associations between the risk of suicide and depressive symptoms. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,379 students aged 10-17 years enrolled in state-run public schools in northeastern Brazil in 2014. The following instruments were used to collect data: a socio-bio-demographic questionnaire; the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. Brazilian version 5.0.0). Unidimensional and bidimensional tables were constructed for the data analysis, with absolute and relative frequencies. Odds ratios (OR) and respective intervals (95% confidence) were calculated and associated with the descriptive levels of Pearson's chi-square independence test. RESULTS The prevalence of the risk of suicide was 29.7% in the population studied. Females aged between 14 and 17, those with siblings and those with depressive symptoms were at the greatest risk. CONCLUSION The present findings revealed a very high risk of suicide and confirmed the significant that depressive symptoms are significantly associated with the risk of suicide among adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to develop suicide prevention programs for schools, with interdisciplinary primary healthcare actions.
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Pires MCDC, Raposo MCF, Sougey EB, Bastos Filho OC, Silva TS, Passos MPD. Indicadores de risco para tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento: um estudo caso-controle. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Considerando o envenenamento como o método mais utilizado para a tentativa de suicídio e a escassez de evidências nacionais sobre o tema, investigamos alguns possíveis indicadores de risco nesse tipo de tentativa. Métodos Estudo do tipo caso-controle em uma emergência geral de um hospital público, na cidade do Recife com 220 indivíduos, distribuídos em dois grupos de 110 pacientes cada, que estavam em tratamento, sendo o grupo casos os sobreviventes de tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento e os controles, sem história de intoxicação/envenenamento nem tentativa de suicídio, pareados por gênero e idade. Resultados O gênero feminino predominou na amostra (70,9%), com idade média de 29 anos; 73% declararam etnia branca ou morena; menos da metade vivia em convívio marital; a maioria tinha religião; ambos tinham poucos anos de estudo. Houve diferença significativa (p = 0,003) para dependência financeira entre os grupos, com chance 2,25 vezes maior para tentar suicídio entre os casos. Ter sofrido fatos traumáticos e abuso sexual na infância revelou diferença significativa. Conclusões Foram considerados indicadores de risco no grupo caso: estar em dependência financeira de terceiros, ter sofrido abuso sexual na infância, ideação suicida, histórico de transtorno mental na família, possuir algum transtorno mental e, principalmente, comorbidade(s) psiquiátrica(s). No modelo de regressão, foi possível estimar uma chance de tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento de até 94,0% na presença conjunta de quatro fatores. A pesquisa representa uma das primeiras iniciativas para ampliação das discussões sobre os fatores de risco para tentativa de suicídio em âmbito nacional.
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Pires MCDC, Silva TDPSD, Passos MPD, Sougey EB, Bastos Filho OC. Risk factors of suicide attempts by poisoning: review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014; 36:63-74. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2013-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Suicide, a complex and universal human phenomenon, is a major public health problem. This study reviewed the literature about the major risk factors associated with suicide attempts by poisoning. Methods: An integrative review of the literature was performed in databases (LILACS, PubMed and MEDLINE) to search for studies published between 2003 and 2013, using the following keywords: suicide, attempted; poisoning; risk factors. Inclusion criteria were: original study with abstract, sample of adults, and attempted suicide by poisoning in at least 50% of the study population. Results: Two hundred and nineteen studies were retrieved and read by two independent examiners, and 22 were included in the study. The main risk factors for suicide attempts by poisoning were female sex, age 15-40 years, single status, little education, unemployment, drug or alcohol abuse or addiction, psychiatric disorder and psychiatric treatment using antidepressants. Conclusion: Further prospective studies should be conducted to confirm these risk factors or identify others, and their findings should contribute to planning measures to prevent suicide attempts.
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Page A, Morrell S, Hobbs C, Carter G, Dudley M, Duflou J, Taylor R. Suicide in young adults: psychiatric and socio-economic factors from a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:68. [PMID: 24597482 PMCID: PMC3975730 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide in young adults remains an important public health issue in Australia. The attributable risks associated with broader socioeconomic factors, compared to more proximal psychiatric disorders, have not been considered previously in individual-level studies of young adults. This study compared the relative contributions of psychiatric disorder and socio-economic disadvantage associated with suicide in terms of relative and attributable risk in young adults. METHOD A population-based case-control study of young adults (18-34 years) compared cases of suicide (n = 84) with randomly selected controls (n = 250) from population catchments in New South Wales (Australia), with exposure information collected from key informant interviews (for both cases and controls). The relative and attributable risk of suicide associated with ICD-10 defined substance use, affective, and anxiety disorder was compared with educational achievement and household income, adjusting for key confounders. Prevalence of exposures from the control group was used to estimate population attributable fractions (PAF). RESULTS Strong associations were evident between mental disorders and suicide for both males and females (ORs 3.1 to 18.7). The strongest association was for anxiety disorders (both males and females), followed by affective disorders and substance use disorders. Associations for socio-economic status were smaller in magnitude than for mental disorders for both males and females (ORs 1.1 to 4.8 for lower compared to high SES groups). The combined PAF% for all mental disorders (48% for males and 52% for females) was similar in magnitude to socio-economic status (46% for males and 58% for females). CONCLUSION Socio-economic status had a similar magnitude of population attributable risk for suicide as mental disorders. Public health interventions to reduce suicide should incorporate socio-economic disadvantage in addition to mental illness as a potential target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Page
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.
| | - Stephen Morrell
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Botany Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Coletta Hobbs
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Greg Carter
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health (CTNMH), University of Newcastle, Locked Bag 7, Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, New South Wales NSW 2310, Australia,Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Locked Bag 7, Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, New South Wales NSW 2310, Australia
| | - Michael Dudley
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Johan Duflou
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Forensic Medicine, New South Wales Health Pathology, PO Box 90, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Richard Taylor
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Botany Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
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Hawton K, Saunders K, Topiwala A, Haw C. Psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to hospital following self-harm: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:821-30. [PMID: 24091302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders occur in approximately 90% of individuals dying by suicide. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people who engage in non-fatal self-harm has received less attention. METHOD Systematic review using electronic databases (Embase, PsychINFO and Medline) for English language publications of studies in which psychiatric disorders have been assessed using research or clinical diagnostic schedules in self-harm patients of all ages presenting to general hospitals, followed by meta-analyses using random effects methods. RESULTS A total of 50 studies from 24 countries were identified. Psychiatric (Axis I) disorders were identified in 83.9% (95% CI 74.7-91.3%) of adults and 81.2% (95% CI 60.9-95.5%) of adolescents and young persons. The most frequent disorders were depression, anxiety and alcohol misuse, and additionally attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder in younger patients. Personality (Axis II) disorders were found in 27.5% (95% CI 17.6-38.7%) of adult patients. Psychiatric disorders were somewhat more common in patients in Western (89.6%, 95% CI 83.0-94.7%) than non-Western countries (70.6%, 95% CI 50.1-87.6%). LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity between study results was generally high. There were differences between studies in identification of study participants and diagnostic procedures. CONCLUSIONS Most self-harm patients have psychiatric disorders, as found in people dying by suicide. Depression and anxiety disorders are particularly common, together with ADHD and conduct disorder in adolescents. Psychosocial assessment and aftercare of self-harm patients should include careful screening for such disorders and appropriate therapeutic interventions. Longitudinal studies of the progress of these disorders are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
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Bolton JM, Robinson J. Population-attributable fractions of Axis I and Axis II mental disorders for suicide attempts: findings from a representative sample of the adult, noninstitutionalized US population. Am J Public Health 2010; 100:2473-80. [PMID: 21068419 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2010.192252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the percentage of suicide attempts attributable to individual Axis I and Axis II mental disorders by studying population-attributable fractions (PAFs) in a nationally representative sample. METHODS Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 2 (NESARC; 2004-2005), a large (N = 34 653) survey of mental illness in the United States. We used multivariate logistic regression to compare individuals with and without a history of suicide attempt across Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I disorders (anxiety, mood, psychotic, alcohol, and drug disorders) and all 10 Axis II personality disorders. PAFs were calculated for each disorder. RESULTS Of the 25 disorders we examined in the model, 4 disorders had notably high PAF values: major depressive disorder (PAF = 26.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.1, 33.2), borderline personality disorder (PAF = 18.1%; 95% CI = 13.4, 23.5), nicotine dependence (PAF = 8.4%; 95% CI = 3.4, 13.7), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PAF = 6.3%; 95% CI = 3.2, 10.0). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insight into the relationships between mental disorders and suicide attempts in the general population. Although many mental illnesses were associated with an increased likelihood of suicide attempt, elevated rates of suicide attempts were mostly attributed to the presence of 4 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Bolton
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Krysinska K, Martin G. The struggle to prevent and evaluate: application of population attributable risk and preventive fraction to suicide prevention research. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2009; 39:548-57. [PMID: 19929154 DOI: 10.1521/suli.2009.39.5.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Population attributable risk (PAR) estimates have been used in suicide research to evaluate the impact of psychosocial and socioeconomic risk factors, including affective disorders, traumatic life events, and unemployment. A parallel concept of preventive fraction (PF), allowing for estimation of the impact of protective factors and effectiveness of preventive interventions, is practically unknown in suicidology. The study authors discuss the application of both concepts to suicide research and prevention, and review literature on the subject. Despite several methodological and conceptual limitations, both PAR and PF are valuable instruments to inform development and evaluation of suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Krysinska
- Research Officer of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the Centre for Suicide Prevention Studies in Young People, University of Queensland, Australia.
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