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Li Y, Li P, Tao Q, Abuqeis IJA, Xiyang Y. Role and limitation of cell therapy in treating neurological diseases. IBRAIN 2024; 10:93-105. [PMID: 38682022 PMCID: PMC11045202 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The central role of the brain in governing systemic functions within human physiology underscores its paramount significance as the focal point of physiological regulation. The brain, a highly sophisticated organ, orchestrates a diverse array of physiological processes encompassing motor control, sensory perception, cognition, emotion, and the regulation of vital functions, such as heartbeat, respiration, and hormonal equilibrium. A notable attribute of neurological diseases manifests as the depletion of neurons and the occurrence of tissue necrosis subsequent to injury. The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into the brain exhibits the potential for the replacement of lost neurons and the reconstruction of neural circuits. Furthermore, the transplantation of other types of cells in alternative locations can secrete nutritional factors that indirectly contribute to the restoration of nervous system equilibrium and the mitigation of neural inflammation. This review summarized a comprehensive investigation into the role of NSCs, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and support cells like astrocytes and microglia in alleviating neurological deficits after cell infusion. Moreover, a thorough assessment was undertaken to discuss extant constraints in cellular transplantation therapies, concurrently delineating indispensable model-based methodologies, specifically on organoids, which were essential for guiding prospective research initiatives in this specialized field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Peng‐Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Qian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | | | - Yan‐Bin Xiyang
- School of Basic MedicineKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of PharmacologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
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2
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Chen W, Ren Q, Zhou J, Liu W. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Induced Neuroprotection in Pediatric Neurological Diseases: Recent Update of Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Utility. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04752-y. [PMID: 38261236 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric neurological diseases refer to a group of disorders that affect the nervous system in children. These conditions can have a significant impact on a child's development, cognitive function, motor skills, and overall quality of life. Stem cell therapy is a new and innovative approach to treat various neurological conditions by repairing damaged neurons and replacing those that have been lost. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained significant recognition in this regard due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types. MSCs are multipotent self-replicating stem cells known to render promising results in the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injury in adults. When delivered to the foci of damage in the central nervous system, stem cells begin to differentiate into neural cells under the stimulation of paracrine factors and secrete various neurotrophic factors (NTFs) like nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) that expedite the repair process in injured neurons. In the present review, we will focus on the therapeutic benefits of the MSC-based therapies in salient pediatric neurological disorders including cerebral palsy, stroke, and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, People's Liberation Army, Southern Theater, Naval First Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | - Qiaoling Ren
- Department of Neurology, People's Liberation Army, Southern Theater, Naval First Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | - Junchen Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Rehabilitation Medical Center, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Wenchun Liu
- Department of Neurology, People's Liberation Army, Southern Theater, Naval First Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China.
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3
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Fang J, Song F, Chang C, Yao M. Intracerebral Hemorrhage Models and Behavioral Tests in Rodents. Neuroscience 2023; 513:1-13. [PMID: 36690062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the common types of stroke, which can cause neurological dysfunction. In preclinical ICH studies, researchers often established rodent models by donor/autologous whole blood or a collagenase injection. White matter injury (WMI) can result from primary and secondary injuries after ICH. WMI can lead to short- and long-term neurological impairment, and functional recovery can assess the effect of drug therapy after ICH. Therefore, researchers have devised various behavioral tests to assess dysfunction. This review compares the two ICH modeling methods in rodents and summarizes the pathological mechanisms underlying dysfunction after ICH. We also summarize the functions and characteristics of various behavioral methods, including sensation, motion, emotion, and cognition, to assist researchers in selecting the appropriate tests for preclinical ICH research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fanglai Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Min Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen SMQ Group Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Measurement and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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4
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Human Cerebral Organoid Implantation Alleviated the Neurological Deficits of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6338722. [PMID: 34853630 PMCID: PMC8629662 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6338722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality and disability, and its treatment is still limited. Loss of neurons in damaged area is hardly rescued by relative molecular therapies. Based on its disease characteristics, we transplanted human embryonic stem cell- (hESC-) derived cerebral organoids in the brain lesions of controlled cortical impact- (CCI-) modeled severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Grafted organoids survived and differentiated in CCI-induced lesion pools in mouse cortical tissue. Implanted cerebral organoids differentiated into various types of neuronal cells, extended long projections, and showed spontaneous action, as indicated by electromyographic activity in the grafts. Induced vascularization and reduced glial scar were also found after organoid implantation, suggesting grafting could improve local situation and promote neural repair. More importantly, the CCI mice's spatial learning and memory improved after organoid grafting. These findings suggest that cerebral organoid implanted in lesion sites differentiates into cortical neurons, forms long projections, and reverses deficits in spatial learning and memory, a potential therapeutic avenue for TBI.
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5
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Motavaf M, Piao X. Oligodendrocyte Development and Implication in Perinatal White Matter Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:764486. [PMID: 34803612 PMCID: PMC8599582 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.764486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal white matter injury (WMI) is the most common brain injury in premature infants and can lead to life-long neurological deficits such as cerebral palsy. Preterm birth is typically accompanied by inflammation and hypoxic-ischemic events. Such perinatal insults negatively impact maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and cause myelination failure. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to prevent or cure WMI. Given that arrested OL maturation plays a central role in the etiology of perinatal WMI, an increased interest has emerged regarding the functional restoration of these cells as potential therapeutic strategy. Cell transplantation and promoting endogenous oligodendrocyte function are two potential options to address this major unmet need. In this review, we highlight the underlying pathophysiology of WMI with a specific focus on OL biology and their implication for the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Motavaf
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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6
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Smith MJ, Paton MCB, Fahey MC, Jenkin G, Miller SL, Finch-Edmondson M, McDonald CA. Neural stem cell treatment for perinatal brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1621-1636. [PMID: 34542242 PMCID: PMC8641092 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury can lead to significant neurological and cognitive deficits and currently no therapies can regenerate the damaged brain. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to engraft and regenerate damaged brain tissue. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the preclinical literature to determine whether NSC administration is more effective than controls in decreasing perinatal brain injury. Controlled interventional studies of NSC therapy using animal models of perinatal brain injury were identified using MEDLINE and Embase. Primary outcomes were brain infarct size, motor, and cognitive function. Data for meta‐analysis were synthesized and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random effects model. We also reported secondary outcomes including NSC survival, migration, differentiation, and effect on neuroinflammation. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. NSC administration decreased infarct size (SMD 1.09; CI: 0.44, 1.74, P = .001; I2 = 74%) improved motor function measured via the impaired forelimb preference test (SMD 2.27; CI: 0.85, 3.69, P = .002; I2 = 86%) and the rotarod test (SMD 1.88; CI: 0.09, 3.67, P = .04; I2 = 95%). Additionally, NSCs improved cognitive function measured via the Morris water maze test (SMD of 2.41; CI: 1.16, 3.66, P = .0002; I2 = 81%). Preclinical evidence suggests that NSC therapy is promising for the treatment of perinatal brain injury. We have identified key knowledge gaps, including the lack of large animal studies and uncertainty regarding the necessity of immunosuppression for NSC transplantation in neonates. These knowledge gaps should be addressed before NSC treatment can effectively progress to clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J Smith
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madison Claire Badawy Paton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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8
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Abstract
Ischemic brain injury is a common cause of long-term neurological deficits in children as well as adults, and no efficient treatments could reverse the sequelae in clinic till now. Stem cells have the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. The therapeutic efficacy of stem cell transplantation for ischemic brain injury have been tested for many years. The grafts could survive and mature in the ischemic brain environment. Stem cell transplantation could improve functional recovery of ischemic brain injury models in pre-clinical trials. The potential mechanisms included cell replacement, release of neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors, immunoregulation as well as activation of endogenous neurogenesis. Besides, many clinical trials were conducted and some of trials already had preliminary results. From the current published data, cell transplantation for clinical application is safe and feasible. No severe adverse events and tumorigenesis were reported. While the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapy in clinic still needs more evidences. In this review, we overviewed the studies about stem cell therapy for ischemic brain injury. Different types of stem cells used for transplantation as well as the therapeutic mechanisms were discussed in detail. The related pre-clinical and clinical trials were summarized into two separate tables. In addition, we also discussed the unsolved problems and concerns about stem cell therapy for ischemic brain injury that need to be overcome before clinic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Ji
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Xiong
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Noh JE, Oh SH, Lee S, Lee S, Kim YH, Park HJ, Ju JH, Kim HS, Huh JY, Song J. Intracerebral transplantation of HLA-homozygous human iPSC-derived neural precursors ameliorates the behavioural and pathological deficits in a rodent model of ischaemic stroke. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12884. [PMID: 32713053 PMCID: PMC7507302 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising cell source for treating ischaemic stroke. Although autologous hiPSCs provide the advantage of avoiding immune rejection, their practical limitations, such as substantial amount of time and costs to generate individual iPSC lines, have hampered their widespread application in clinical settings. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of neural precursor cells derived from human HLA-homozygous induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-NPCs) following intracerebral transplantation into a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). MATERIALS AND METHODS We differentiated a GMP-grade HLA-homozygous hiPSC line (CMC-hiPSC-004) into neural precursor cells for transplantation into rats at the subacute stage of ischaemic stroke (ie at 7 days after the induction of MCAo). To investigate functional recovery, the transplanted animals were subjected to five behavioural tests, namely the rotarod, stepping, mNSS, staircase and apomorphine-induced rotation tests, for up to 12 weeks, followed by histological analyses. RESULTS We observed that the hiPSC-NPC transplantation produced significant behavioural improvements. At 12 weeks post-transplantation, a high proportion of transplanted cells survived and had differentiated into MAP2+ mature neurons, GABAergic neurons and DARPP32+ medium spiny neurons. The transplanted cells formed neuronal connections with striatal neurons in the host brain. In addition, hiPSC-NPC transplantation gave rise to enhanced endogenous repair processes, including decreases of post-stroke neuroinflammation and glial scar formation and an increase of proliferating endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone as well as the perilesional capillary networks. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that HLA-homozygous hiPSC-NPCs may be useful for treating ischaemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Soohyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Ji Young Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea.,iPS Bio, Inc., Seongnam-si, Korea
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10
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Neural Progenitor Cells--a Preclinical Evaluation for Stroke Treatment in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:185-203. [PMID: 32361827 PMCID: PMC7803677 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance neurological recovery in preclinical stroke models by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since previous reports have focused on the application of MSC-EVs only, the role of the most suitable host cell for EV enrichment and preclinical stroke treatment remains elusive. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from neural progenitor cells (NPCs) following experimental stroke. Using the PEG technique, EVs were enriched and characterized by electron microscopy, proteomics, rt-PCR, nanosight tracking analysis, and Western blotting. Different dosages of NPC-EVs displaying a characteristic profile in size, shape, cargo protein, and non-coding RNA contents were incubated in the presence of cerebral organoids exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), significantly reducing cell injury when compared with control organoids. Systemic administration of NPC-EVs in male C57BL6 mice following experimental ischemia enhanced neurological recovery and neuroregeneration for as long as 3 months. Interestingly, the therapeutic impact of such NPC-EVs was found to be not inferior to MSC-EVs. Flow cytometric analyses of blood and brain samples 7 days post-stroke demonstrated increased blood concentrations of B and T lymphocytes after NPC-EV delivery, without affecting cerebral cell counts. Likewise, a biodistribution analysis after systemic delivery of NPC-EVs revealed the majority of NPC-EVs to be found in extracranial organs such as the liver and the lung. This proof-of-concept study supports the idea of EVs being a general concept of stem cell–induced neuroprotection under stroke conditions, where EVs contribute to reverting the peripheral post-stroke immunosuppression.
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11
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Thomas AM, Li S, Chu C, Shats I, Xu J, Calabresi PA, van Zijl PCM, Walczak P, Bulte JWM. Evaluation of cell transplant-mediated attenuation of diffuse injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using onVDMP CEST MRI. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113316. [PMID: 32304749 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development and translation of cell therapies have been hindered by an inability to predict and evaluate their efficacy after transplantation. Using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we studied attenuation of the diffuse injury characteristic of EAE and MS by transplanted glial-restricted precursor cells (GRPs). We assessed the potential of on-resonance variable delay multiple pulse (onVDMP) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to visualize this attenuation. Allogeneic GRPs transplanted in the motor cortex or lateral ventricles attenuated paralysis in EAE mice and attenuated differences compared to naïve mice in onVDMP CEST signal 5 days after transplantation near the transplantation site. Histological analysis revealed that transplanted GRPs co-localized with attenuated astrogliosis. Hence, diffuse injury-sensitive onVDMP CEST MRI may complement conventional MRI to locate and monitor tissue regions responsive to GRP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thomas
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - S Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - C Chu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - I Shats
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - J Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America
| | - P A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - P C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America; Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - P Walczak
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - J W M Bulte
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America; Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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12
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Multimodal Therapeutic Effects of Neural Precursor Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells through Episomal Plasmid-Based Reprogramming in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4061516. [PMID: 32269595 PMCID: PMC7125504 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising option for treating functional deficits in the stroke-damaged brain. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are attractive sources for cell therapy as they can be efficiently differentiated into neural lineages. Episomal plasmids (EPs) containing reprogramming factors can induce nonviral, integration-free iPSCs. Thus, iPSCs generated by an EP-based reprogramming technique (ep-iPSCs) have an advantage over gene-integrating iPSCs for clinical applications. However, there are few studies regarding the in vivo efficacy of ep-iPSCs. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of intracerebral transplantation of neural precursor cells differentiated from ep-iPSCs (ep-iPSC-NPCs) in a rodent stroke model. The ep-iPSC-NPCs were transplanted intracerebrally in a peri-infarct area in a rodent stroke model. Rats transplanted with fibroblasts and vehicle were used as controls. The ep-iPSC-NPC-transplanted animals exhibited functional improvements in behavioral and electrophysiological tests. A small proportion of ep-iPSC-NPCs were detected up to 12 weeks after transplantation and were differentiated into both neuronal and glial lineages. In addition, transplanted cells promoted endogenous brain repair, presumably via increased subventricular zone neurogenesis, and reduced poststroke inflammation and glial scar formation. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that intracerebral transplantation of ep-iPSC-NPCs is a useful therapeutic option to treat clinical stroke through multimodal therapeutic mechanisms.
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Crompton K, Novak I, Fahey M, Badawi N, Wallace E, Lee K, Mechinaud-Heloury F, Colditz PB, Elwood N, Edwards P, Reddihough D. Single group multisite safety trial of sibling cord blood cell infusion to children with cerebral palsy: study protocol and rationale. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034974. [PMID: 32152173 PMCID: PMC7064081 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability of childhood but has no cure. Stem cells have the potential to improve brain injury and are proposed as a therapy for CP. However, many questions remain unanswered about the most appropriate cell type, timing of infusions, dose required and associated risks. Therefore, human safety and efficacy trials are necessary to progress knowledge in the field. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single group study with sample size n=12 to investigate safety of single-dose intravenous 12/12 human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling cord blood cell infusion to children with CP aged 1-16 years without immune suppression. The study is similar to a 3+3 design, where the first two groups of participants have severe CP, and the final six participants include children with all motor severities. Children will be monitored for adverse events and the duration that donor cells are detected. Assessments at baseline, 3 and 12 months will investigate safety and preliminary evidence of change in gross motor, fine motor, cognitive and quality of life outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Full approval was obtained from The Royal Children's Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, and a clinical trial notification was accepted by Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration. Participant guardian informed consent will be obtained before any study procedures. The main results of this study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616000403437, NCT03087110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Crompton
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Paediatric Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Euan Wallace
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Lee
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Paul B Colditz
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ngaire Elwood
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cell Biology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priya Edwards
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dinah Reddihough
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Altamentova S, Rumajogee P, Hong J, Beldick SR, Park SJ, Yee A, Fehlings MG. Methylprednisolone Reduces Persistent Post-ischemic Inflammation in a Rat Hypoxia-Ischemia Model of Perinatal Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1117-1136. [PMID: 32140998 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In perinatal stroke, the initial injury results in a chronic inflammatory response caused by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, gliosis and microglia activation. This chronic and ongoing inflammatory response exacerbates the brain injury, often resulting in encephalopathy and cerebral palsy (CP). Using a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) at postnatal day (P)7, we demonstrated that chronic inflammation is persistent and continues into the tertiary phase of perinatal stroke and can be attenuated by the administration of methylprednisolone sodium-succinate (MPSS, 30 mg/kg), a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved anti-inflammatory agent. The inflammatory response was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA for markers of inflammation (CCL3, CCL5, IL18 and TNFα). Structural changes were evaluated by histology (LFB/H&E), while cellular changes were assessed by Iba-1, ED1, GFAP, NeuN, Olig2 and CC1 immunostaining. Functional deficits were assessed with the Cylinder test and Ladder Rung Walking test. MPSS was injected 14 days after HI insult to attenuate chronic inflammation. In neonatal conditions such as CP, P21 is a clinically relevant time-point in rodents, corresponding developmentally to a 2-year-old human. Administration of MPSS resulted in reduced structural damage (corpus callosum, cortex, hippocampus, striatum), gliosis and reactive microglia and partial restoration of the oligodendrocyte population. Furthermore, significant behavioural recovery was observed. In conclusion, we demonstrated that administration of MPSS during the tertiary phase of perinatal stroke results in attenuation of the chronic inflammatory response, leading to pathophysiological and functional recovery. This work validates the high clinical impact of MPSS to treat neonatal conditions linked to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Altamentova
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakasham Rumajogee
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Beldick
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sei Joon Park
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albert Yee
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St. Suite 4WW-449, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada.
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15
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Zhang Y, Lu XY, Casella G, Tian J, Ye ZQ, Yang T, Han JJ, Jia LY, Rostami A, Li X. Generation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:247. [PMID: 31231194 PMCID: PMC6561316 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are a subtype of glial cells responsible for myelin regeneration. Oligodendrocytes (OLGs) originate from OPCs and are the myelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS). OLGs play an important role in the context of lesions in which myelin loss occurs. Even though many protocols for isolating OPCs have been published, their cellular yield remains a limit for clinical application. The protocol proposed here is novel and has practical value; in fact, OPCs can be generated from a source of autologous cells without gene manipulation. Our method represents a rapid, and high-efficiency differentiation protocol for generating mouse OLGs from bone marrow-derived cells using growth-factor defined media. With this protocol, it is possible to obtain mature OLGs in 7–8 weeks. Within 2–3 weeks from bone marrow (BM) isolation, after neurospheres formed, the cells differentiate into Nestin+ Sox2+ neural stem cells (NSCs), around 30 days. OPCs specific markers start to be expressed around day 38, followed by RIP+O4+ around day 42. CNPase+ mature OLGs are finally obtained around 7–8 weeks. Further, bone marrow-derived OPCs exhibited therapeutic effect in shiverer (Shi) mice, promoting myelin regeneration and reducing the tremor. Here, we propose a method by which OLGs can be generated starting from BM cells and have similar abilities to subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived cells. This protocol significantly decreases the timing and costs of the OLGs differentiation within 2 months of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jing Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling-Yu Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Beldick SR, Hong J, Altamentova S, Khazaei M, Hundal A, Zavvarian MM, Rumajogee P, Chio J, Fehlings MG. Severe-combined immunodeficient rats can be used to generate a model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury to facilitate studies of engrafted human neural stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208105. [PMID: 30485360 PMCID: PMC6261629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) encompasses a group of non-progressive brain disorders that are often acquired through perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Injury leads to a cascade of cell death events, resulting in lifetime motor and cognitive deficits. There are currently no treatments that can repair the resulting brain damage and improve functional outcomes. To date, preclinical research using neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation as a therapy for HI brain injury has shown promise. To translate this treatment to the clinic, it is essential that human-derived NPCs also be tested in animal models, however, a major limitation is the high risk of xenograft rejection. A solution is to transplant the cells into immune-deficient rodents, but there are currently no models of HI brain injury established in such a cohort of animals. Here, we demonstrate that a model of HI brain injury can be generated in immune-deficient Prkdc knockout (KO) rats. Long-term deficits in sensorimotor function were similar between KO and wildtype (WT) rats. Interestingly, some aspects of the injury were more severe in KO rats. Additionally, human induced pluripotent stem cell derived (hiPSC)-NPCs had higher survival at 10 weeks post-transplant in KO rats when compared to their WT counterparts. This work establishes a reliable model of neonatal HI brain injury in Prkdc KO rats that will allow for future transplantation, survival, and long-term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of hiPSC-NPCs for neonatal brain damage. This model will enable critical preclinical translational research using human NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R. Beldick
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svetlana Altamentova
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anisha Hundal
- Life Sciences Program, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakasham Rumajogee
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon Chio
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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