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Winterlind EL, Malone SG, Setzer MR, Murphy MA, Saunders D, Gray JC. N-acetylcysteine as a treatment for substance use cravings: A meta-analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.13.24306839. [PMID: 38798604 PMCID: PMC11118593 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.24306839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may serve as a novel pharmacotherapy for substance use and substance craving in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), possibly through its potential to regulate glutamate. Though prior meta-analyses generally support NAC's efficacy in reducing symptoms of craving, individual trials have found mixed results. The aims of the this updated meta-analysis were to (1) examine the efficacy of NAC in treating symptoms of craving in individuals with a SUD and (2) explore subgroup differences, risk of bias, and publication bias across trials. Database searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted to identify relevant randomized control trials (RCTs). The meta-analysis consisted of 9 trials which analyzed data from a total of 623 participants. The most targeted substance in the clinical trials was alcohol (3/9; 33.3%), followed by tobacco (2/9; 22.2%) and multiple substances (2/9; 22.2%). Meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, and leave-one-out analyses were conducted to examine treatment effect on craving symptoms and adverse events (AEs). Risk of bias assessments, Egger's tests, and funnel plot tests were conducted to examine risk of bias and publication bias. NAC did not significantly outperform placebo in reducing symptoms of craving in the meta-analysis (SMD = 0.189, 95% CI = -0.015 - 0.393). Heterogeneity was very high in the meta-analysis (99.26%), indicating that findings may have been influenced by clinical or methodological differences in the study protocols. Additionally, results indicate that there may be publication bias present. There were no between-group differences in risk of AEs. Overall, our findings are contrary to those of prior meta-analyses, suggesting limited impact of NAC on substance craving. However, the high heterogeneity and presence of publication bias identified warrants cautious interpretation of the meta-analytic outcomes.
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Frankowska M, Smaga I, Gawlińska K, Pieniążek R, Filip M. Further proof on the role of accumbal nNOS in cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:338-347. [PMID: 38480667 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use disorder (CUD) remains a severe health problem with no effective pharmacological therapy. One of the potential pharmacological strategies for CUD pharmacotherapy includes manipulations of the brain glutamatergic (Glu) system which is particularly involved in drug withdrawal and relapse. Previous research indicated a pivotal role of ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors or metabotropic receptors' type 5 (mGlu5) receptors in controlling the reinstatement of cocaine. Stimulation of the above molecules results in the activation of the downstream signaling targets such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the release of nitric oxide. METHODS In this paper, we investigated the molecular changes in nNOS in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens following 3 and 10 days of cocaine abstinence as well as the effectiveness of nNOS blockade with the selective enzyme inhibitor N-ω-propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (L-NPA) on cocaine seeking in male rats. The effect of L-NPA on locomotor activity in drug-naïve animals was investigated. RESULTS Ten-day (but not 3-day) cocaine abstinence from cocaine self-administration increased nNOS gene and protein expression in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the prefrontal cortex. L-NPA (0.5-5 mg/kg) administered peripherally did not change locomotor activity but attenuated the reinstatement induced with cocaine priming or the drug-associated conditioned cue. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support accumbal nNOS as an important molecular player for cocaine seeking while its inhibitors could be considered as anti-cocaine pharmacological tools in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Frankowska
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Irena Smaga
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Gawlińska
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Pieniążek
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Litif CG, Flom LT, Sandum KL, Hodgins SL, Vaccaro L, Stitzel JA, Blouin NA, Mannino MC, Gigley JP, Schoborg TA, Bobadilla AC. Differential genetic expression within reward-specific ensembles in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.02.565378. [PMID: 37961222 PMCID: PMC10635086 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive reward seeking is a hallmark of cocaine use disorder. To develop therapeutic targets, it is critical to understand the neurobiological changes specific to cocaine-seeking without altering the seeking of natural rewards, e.g., sucrose. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) are known regions associated with cocaine- and sucrose-seeking ensembles, i.e., a sparse population of co-activated neurons. Within ensembles, transcriptomic alterations in the PFC and NAcore underlie the learning and persistence of cocaine- and sucrose-seeking behavior. However, transcriptomes exclusively driving cocaine seeking independent from sucrose seeking have not yet been defined using a within-subject approach. Using Ai14:cFos-TRAP2 transgenic mice in a dual cocaine and sucrose self-administration model, we fluorescently sorted (FACS) and characterized (RNAseq) the transcriptomes defining cocaine- and sucrose-seeking ensembles. We found reward- and region-specific transcriptomic changes that will help develop clinically relevant genetic approaches to decrease cocaine-seeking behavior without altering non-drug reward-based positive reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G. Litif
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Levi T. Flom
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | | | - Lucio Vaccaro
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Jerry A. Stitzel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicolas A. Blouin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Jason P. Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Todd A. Schoborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Ana-Clara Bobadilla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Khatri SN, Ulangkaya H, Maher EE, Sadek S, Hong M, Woodcox AM, Stoops WW, Gipson CD. Oxycodone withdrawal is associated with increased cocaine self-administration and aberrant accumbens glutamate plasticity in rats. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109773. [PMID: 37865136 PMCID: PMC10842432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently use other substances, including cocaine. Opioid withdrawal is associated with increased likelihood of cocaine use, which may represent an attempt to ameliorate opioid withdrawal effects. Clinically, 30% of co-using individuals take opioids and cocaine exclusively in a sequential manner. Preclinical studies evaluating mechanisms of drug use typically study drugs in isolation. However, polysubstance use is a highly prevalent clinical issue and thus, we established a novel preclinical model of sequential oxycodone and cocaine self-administration (SA) whereby rats acquired oxycodone and cocaine SA in an A-B-A-B design. Somatic signs of withdrawal were evaluated at 0, 22, and 24h following oxycodone SA, with the 24h timepoint representing somatic signs immediately following cocaine SA. Preclinically, aberrant glutamate signaling within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) occurs following use of cocaine or opioids, whereby medium spiny neurons (MSNs) rest in a potentiated or depotentiated state, respectively. Further, NAcore glial glutamate transport via GLT-1 is downregulated following SA of either drug alone. However, it is not clear if cocaine can exacerbate opioid-induced changes in glutamate signaling. In this study, NAcore GLT-1 protein and glutamate plasticity were measured (via AMPA/NMDA ratio) following SA. Rats acquired SA of both oxycodone and cocaine regardless of sex, and the acute oxycodone-induced increase in somatic signs at 22h was positively correlated with cocaine consumption during the cocaine testing phase. Cocaine use following oxycodone SA downregulated GLT-1 and reduced AMPA/NMDA ratios compared to cocaine use following food SA. Further, oxycodone SA alone was associated with reduced AMPA/NMDA ratio. Together, behavioral signs of oxycodone withdrawal may drive cocaine use and further dysregulate NAcore glutamate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh N Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hanaa Ulangkaya
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Erin E Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Safiyah Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrea M Woodcox
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - William W Stoops
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Swinford-Jackson SE, Rich MT, Huffman PJ, Knouse MC, Thomas AS, Mankame S, Worobey SJ, Pierce RC. Low frequency deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens shell neuronal subpopulations attenuates cocaine seeking selectively in male rats. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 9:100133. [PMID: 38312329 PMCID: PMC10836638 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the nucleus accumbens shell on cocaine seeking and neuronal plasticity in rats. Electrical DBS of the accumbens shell attenuated cocaine primed reinstatement across a range of frequencies as low as 12 Hz in male rats. Nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons (MSNs) can be differentiated by expression of dopamine D1 receptors (D1DRs) or D2DRs. Low-frequency optogenetic-DBS in D1DR- or D2DR-containing neurons attenuated cocaine seeking in male but not female rats. In slice electrophysiology experiments, 12 Hz electrical stimulation evoked long term potentiation (LTP) in D1DR-MSNs and D2DR-MSNs from cocaine naive male and female rats. However, in cocaine-experienced rats, electrical and optical DBS only elicited LTP in D2DR-MSNs from male rats. These results suggest that low frequency DBS in the nucleus accumbens shell effectively, but sex-specifically, suppresses cocaine seeking, which may be associated with the reversal of synaptic plasticity deficits in D2DR-MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Swinford-Jackson
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Matthew T. Rich
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Phillip J. Huffman
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Melissa C. Knouse
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Arthur S. Thomas
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sharvari Mankame
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Samantha J. Worobey
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - R. Christopher Pierce
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Senior D, McCarthy M, Ahmed R, Klein S, Lee WX, Hadjiargyrou M, Komatsu D, Steiner H, Thanos PK. Chronic oral methylphenidate plus fluoxetine treatment in adolescent rats increases cocaine self-administration. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100127. [PMID: 38274857 PMCID: PMC10809890 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are known to be comorbid. Treatment of these commonly coexisting diseases typically involves the combined prescription of methylphenidate (MP), a psychostimulant, and fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). MP and cocaine have similar mechanisms of action and this study examined the effects of chronic treatment of MP combined with FLX on cocaine consumption in rats. Methods Four groups of rats received access to drinking solutions of water (control), MP (30/60 mg/kg/day), FLX (20 mg/kg/day), or the combination of MP (30/60 mg/kg/day) plus FLX (20 mg/kg/day), during 8 h per day for one month. Following these drug treatments, rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine for 14 days. Results Our results showed that, during the first week of cocaine self-administration, the MP-treated rats had significantly greater numbers of active lever presses (plus 127%) and increased consumption of cocaine compared to the control rats. In contrast, during week two of cocaine self-administration, the rats treated with the MP + FLX combination showed significantly more lever presses (plus 198%) and significantly greater cocaine consumption (plus 84%) compared to the water controls. Conclusion Chronic oral treatment during adolescence with the combination of MP plus FLX resulted in increased cocaine use after 2 weeks of cocaine self-administration in rats. These novel findings suggest that the combined exposure to these two drugs chronically, during adolescence, may produce increased vulnerability towards cocaine abuse during young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Senior
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory (BNNL), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14051, USA
| | - Madison McCarthy
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory (BNNL), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14051, USA
| | - Rania Ahmed
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory (BNNL), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14051, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Shannon Klein
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory (BNNL), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14051, USA
| | - Wen Xuan Lee
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory (BNNL), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14051, USA
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - David Komatsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Heinz Steiner
- Stanson Toshok Center for Brain Function and Repair, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory (BNNL), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14051, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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7
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Kimble L, Twiddy JS, Berger JM, Forderhase AG, McCarty GS, Meitzen J, Sombers LA. Simultaneous, Real-Time Detection of Glutamate and Dopamine in Rat Striatum Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4091-4100. [PMID: 37962541 PMCID: PMC10683757 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate and dopamine (DA) represent two key contributors to striatal functioning, a region of the brain that is essential to motor coordination and motivated behavior. While electroanalytical techniques can be utilized for rapid, spatially resolved detection of DA in the interferent-rich brain environment, glutamate, a nonelectroactive analyte, cannot be directly detected using electroanalytical techniques. However, it can be probed using enzyme-based sensors, which generate an electroactive reporter in the presence of glutamate. The vast majority of glutamate biosensors have relied on amperometric sensing, which is an inherently nonselective detection technique. This approach necessitates the use of complex and performance-limiting modifications to ensure the desired single-analyte specificity. Here, we present a novel glutamate microbiosensor fabricated on a carbon-fiber microelectrode substrate and coupled with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to enable the simultaneous quantification of glutamate and DA at single recording sites in the brain, which is impossible when using typical amperometric approaches. The glutamate microbiosensors were characterized for sensitivity, stability, and selectivity by using a voltammetric waveform optimized for the simultaneous detection of both species. The applicability of these sensors for the investigation of neural circuits was validated in the rat ventral striatum. Electrically evoked glutamate and DA release were recorded at single-micrometer-scale locations before and after pharmacological manipulation of glutamatergic signaling. Our novel glutamate microbiosensor advances the state of the art by providing a powerful tool for probing coordination between these two species in a way that has previously not been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laney
C. Kimble
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jack S. Twiddy
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North
Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jenna M. Berger
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alexandra G. Forderhase
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gregory S. McCarty
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - John Meitzen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Gasparyan A, Maldonado Sanchez D, Navarrete F, Sion A, Navarro D, García-Gutiérrez MS, Rubio Valladolid G, Jurado Barba R, Manzanares J. Cognitive Alterations in Addictive Disorders: A Translational Approach. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1796. [PMID: 37509436 PMCID: PMC10376598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cognitive decline in people with substance use disorders is well known and can be found during both the dependence and drug abstinence phases. At the clinical level, cognitive decline impairs the response to addiction treatment and increases dropout rates. It can be irreversible, even after the end of drug abuse consumption. Improving our understanding of the molecular and cellular alterations associated with cognitive decline could be essential to developing specific therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Developing animal models to simulate drug abuse-induced learning and memory alterations is critical to continue exploring this clinical situation. The main aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on cognitive impairment and the associated biological markers in patients addicted to some of the most consumed drugs of abuse and in animal models simulating this clinical situation. The available information suggests the need to develop more studies to further explore the molecular alterations associated with cognitive impairment, with the ultimate goal of developing new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Sion
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio Valladolid
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado Barba
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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9
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McNealy KR, Weyrich L, Bevins RA. The co-use of nicotine and prescription psychostimulants: A review of their behavioral and neuropharmacological interactions. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109906. [PMID: 37216808 PMCID: PMC10361216 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine is commonly co-used with other psychostimulants. These high co-use rates have prompted much research on interactions between nicotine and psychostimulant drugs. These studies range from examination of illicitly used psychostimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine to prescription psychostimulants used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) such as methylphenidate (Ritalin™) and d-amphetamine (active ingredient of Adderall™). However, previous reviews largely focus on nicotine interactions with illicitly used psychostimulants with sparse mention of prescription psychostimulants. The currently available epidemiological and laboratory research, however, suggests high co-use between nicotine and prescription psychostimulants, and that these drugs interact to modulate use liability of either drug. The present review synthesizes epidemiological and experimental human and pre-clinical research assessing the behavioral and neuropharmacological interactions between nicotine and prescription psychostimulants that may contribute to high nicotine-prescription psychostimulant co-use. METHODS We searched databases for literature investigating acute and chronic nicotine and prescription psychostimulant interactions. Inclusion criteria were that participants/subjects had to experience nicotine and a prescription psychostimulant compound at least once in the study, in addition to assessment of their interaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Nicotine clearly interacts with d-amphetamine and methylphenidate in a variety of behavioral tasks and neurochemical assays assessing co-use liability across preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological research. The currently available research suggests research gaps examining these interactions in women/female rodents, in consideration of ADHD symptoms, and how prescription psychostimulant exposure influences later nicotine-related outcomes. Nicotine has been less widely studied with alternative ADHD pharmacotherapy bupropion, but we also discuss this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R McNealy
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE68588-0308, USA.
| | - Lucas Weyrich
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 14090 Mother Teresa Ln, Boys Town, NE68010, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE687178, USA
| | - Rick A Bevins
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE68588-0308, USA
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Zanda MT, Floris G, Daws SE. Orbitofrontal cortex microRNAs support long-lasting heroin seeking behavior in male rats. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 37031193 PMCID: PMC10082780 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD) and maintenance of abstinence from opioid use is hampered by perseverant drug cravings that may persist for months after cessation of drug use. Drug cravings can intensify during the abstinence period, a phenomenon referred to as the 'incubation of craving' that has been well-described in preclinical studies. We previously reported that animals that self-administered heroin at a dosage of 0.075 mg/kg/infusion (HH) paired with discrete drug cues displayed robust incubation of heroin craving behavior after 21 days (D) of forced abstinence, an effect that was not observed with a lower dosage (0.03 mg/kg/infusion; HL). Here, we sought to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying long-term heroin seeking behavior by profiling microRNA (miRNA) pathways in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a brain region that modulates incubation of heroin seeking. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs with long half-lives that have emerged as critical regulators of drug seeking behavior but their expression in the OFC has not been examined in any drug exposure paradigm. We employed next generation sequencing to detect OFC miRNAs differentially expressed after 21D of forced abstinence between HH and HL animals, and proteomics analysis to elucidate miRNA-dependent translational neuroadaptations. We identified 55 OFC miRNAs associated with incubation of heroin craving, including miR-485-5p, which was significantly downregulated following 21D forced abstinence in HH but not HL animals. We bidirectionally manipulated miR-485-5p in the OFC to demonstrate that miR-485-5p can regulate long-lasting heroin seeking behavior after extended forced abstinence. Proteomics analysis identified 45 proteins selectively regulated in the OFC of HH but not HL animals that underwent 21D forced abstinence, of which 7 were putative miR-485-5p target genes. Thus, the miR-485-5p pathway is dysregulated in animals with a phenotype of persistent heroin craving behavior and OFC miR-485-5p pathways may function to support long-lasting heroin seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tresa Zanda
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie E Daws
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Maher EE, Strzelecki AM, Weafer JJ, Gipson CD. The importance of translationally evaluating steroid hormone contributions to substance use. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101059. [PMID: 36758769 PMCID: PMC10182261 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, women appear to be more susceptible to certain aspects of substance use disorders (SUDs). The steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Pg) have been linked to women-specific drug behaviors. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies investigating how cycling ovarian hormones affect nicotine-, cocaine-, and opioid-related behaviors. We also highlight gaps in the literature regarding how synthetic steroid hormone use may influence drug-related behaviors. In addition, we explore how E2 and Pg are known to interact in brain reward pathways and provide evidence of how these interactions may influence drug-related behaviors. The synthesis of this review demonstrates the critical need to study women-specific factors that may influence aspects of SUDs, which may play important roles in addiction processes in a sex-specific fashion. It is important to understand factors that impact women's health and may be key to moving the field forward toward more efficacious and individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ashley M Strzelecki
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jessica J Weafer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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12
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Corbett CM, Miller EN, Loweth JA. mGlu5 inhibition in the basolateral amygdala prevents estrous cycle-dependent changes in cue-induced cocaine seeking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 5:100055. [PMID: 36778664 PMCID: PMC9915145 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug associated cues are a common relapse trigger for individuals recovering from cocaine use disorder. Sex and ovarian hormones influence patterns of cocaine use and relapse vulnerability, with studies indicating that females show increased cue-induced craving and relapse vulnerability compared to males. In a rodent model of cocaine craving and relapse vulnerability, cue-induced cocaine seeking behavior following weeks of withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration is higher in females in the estrus stage of the reproductive (estrous) cycle (Estrus Females) compared to both Males and females in all other stages (Non-Estrus Females). However, the neuronal substrates and cellular mechanisms underlying these sex differences is not fully understood. One region that contributes to both sex differences in behavioral responding and cue-induced cocaine seeking is the basolateral amygdala (BLA), while one receptor known to play a critical role in mediating cocaine seeking behavior is metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5). Here we assessed the effects of BLA mGlu5 inhibition following prolonged withdrawal from cocaine self-administration on observed estrous cycle-dependent changes in cue-induced cocaine seeking behavior. We found that BLA microinjections of the mGlu5 antagonist MTEP selectively reduced the enhanced cue-induced cocaine seeking normally observed in Estrus Females while having no effect on cocaine seeking in Males and Non-Estrus Females. These findings identify a unique interaction between cocaine-exposure, estrous cycle fluctuations and BLA mGlu5-dependent transmission on cue-induced cocaine seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Corbett
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Emily N.D. Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Jessica A. Loweth
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, United States. (J.A. Loweth)
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13
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Domi A, Domi E, Lagstrom O, Gobbo F, Jerlhag E, Adermark L. Abstinence-Induced Nicotine Seeking Relays on a Persistent Hypoglutamatergic State within the Amygdalo-Striatal Neurocircuitry. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0468-22.2023. [PMID: 36754627 PMCID: PMC9946069 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0468-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine robustly sustains smoking behavior by acting as a primary reinforcer and by enhancing the incentive salience of the nicotine-associated stimuli. The motivational effects produced by environmental cues associated with nicotine delivery can progressively manifest during abstinence resulting in reinstatement of nicotine seeking. However, how the activity in reward neuronal circuits is transformed during abstinence-induced nicotine seeking is not yet fully understood. In here we used a contingent nicotine and saline control self-administration model to disentangle the contribution of cue-elicited seeking responding for nicotine after drug abstinence in male Wistar rats. Using ex vivo electrophysiological recordings and a network analysis approach, we defined temporal and brain-region specific amygdalo-striatal glutamatergic alterations that occur during nicotine abstinence. The results from this study provide critical evidence indicating a persistent hypoglutamatergic state within the amygdalo-striatal neurocircuitry over protracted nicotine abstinence. During abstinence-induced nicotine seeking, electrophysiological recordings showed progressive neuroadaptations in dorsal and ventral striatum already at 14-d abstinence while neuroadaptations in subregions of the amygdala emerged only after 28-d abstinence. The observed neuroadaptations pointed to a brain network involving the amygdala and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) to be implied in cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Together these data suggest long-lasting neuroadaptations that might reflect neuroplastic changes responsible to abstinence-induced nicotine craving. Neurophysiological transformations were detected within a time window that allows therapeutic intervention advancing clinical development of preventive strategies in nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Domi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Esi Domi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Oona Lagstrom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Francesco Gobbo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
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Swinford-Jackson SE, Rich MT, Huffman PJ, Knouse MC, Thomas AS, Mankame S, Worobey SJ, Pierce RC. Low frequency optogenetic deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens dopamine D1 or D2 receptor-containing neurons attenuates cocaine seeking selectively in male rats in part by reversing synaptic plasticity deficits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.524956. [PMID: 36747662 PMCID: PMC9900748 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.524956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinically, deep brain stimulation (DBS) utilizes relatively high frequencies (>100 Hz). In preclinical models, 160 Hz stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in rodents prevents relapse of drug seeking. However, the ability of varied frequencies of accumbens DBS to attenuate drug seeking, and the neuronal subtype specificity of this effect, is unclear. Methods The present study examined the effect of DBS in the nucleus accumbens on neuronal plasticity and cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking behavior in rats. Results Electrical DBS of the accumbens shell attenuated cocaine primed reinstatement across a range of frequencies in male rats, including as low as 12 Hz. The majority of nucleus accumbens neurons are medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which can be differentiated in terms of projections and effects on cocaine-related behaviors by expression of dopamine D1 receptors (D1DRs) or D2DRs. In slice electrophysiology experiments, 12 Hz electrical stimulation evoked long term potentiation (LTP) in eYFP labeled D1DR-MSNs and D2DR-MSNs from cocaine naive male and female rats. However, in rats that self-administered cocaine and underwent extinction training, a paradigm identical to our reinstatement experiments, electrical DBS only elicited LTP in D2DR-MSNs from male rats; this effect was replicated by optical stimulation in rats expressing Cre-dependent ChR2 in D2DR-MSNs. Low-frequency optogenetic-DBS in D1DR-containing or D2DR-containing neurons attenuated cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking in male but not female rats. Conclusions These results suggest that administering DBS in the nucleus accumbens shell at lower frequencies effectively, but sex-specifically, suppresses cocaine craving, perhaps in part by reversing synaptic plasticity deficits selectively in D2DR-MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Swinford-Jackson
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Matthew T. Rich
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Phillip J. Huffman
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Melissa C. Knouse
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Arthur S. Thomas
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sharvari Mankame
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Samantha J. Worobey
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - R. Christopher Pierce
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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15
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Hámor PU, Knackstedt LA, Schwendt M. The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in neurobehavioral effects associated with methamphetamine use. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:177-219. [PMID: 36868629 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are expressed throughout the central nervous system and act as important regulators of drug-induced neuroplasticity and behavior. Preclinical research suggests that mGlu receptors play a critical role in a spectrum of neural and behavioral consequences arising from methamphetamine (meth) exposure. However, an overview of mGlu-dependent mechanisms linked to neurochemical, synaptic, and behavioral changes produced by meth has been lacking. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the role of mGlu receptor subtypes (mGlu1-8) in meth-induced neural effects, such as neurotoxicity, as well as meth-associated behaviors, such as psychomotor activation, reward, reinforcement, and meth-seeking. Additionally, evidence linking altered mGlu receptor function to post-meth learning and cognitive deficits is critically evaluated. The chapter also considers the role of receptor-receptor interactions involving mGlu receptors and other neurotransmitter receptors in meth-induced neural and behavioral changes. Taken together, the literature indicates that mGlu5 regulates the neurotoxic effects of meth by attenuating hyperthermia and possibly through altering meth-induced phosphorylation of the dopamine transporter. A cohesive body of work also shows that mGlu5 antagonism (and mGlu2/3 agonism) reduce meth-seeking, though some mGlu5-blocking drugs also attenuate food-seeking. Further, evidence suggests that mGlu5 plays an important role in extinction of meth-seeking behavior. In the context of a history of meth intake, mGlu5 also co-regulates aspects of episodic memory, with mGlu5 stimulation restoring impaired memory. Based on these findings, we propose several avenues for the development of novel pharmacotherapies for Methamphetamine Use Disorder based on the selective modulation mGlu receptor subtype activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U Hámor
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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16
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Luessen DJ, Conn PJ. Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as Novel Therapeutics for Neuropsychiatric Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:630-661. [PMID: 35710132 PMCID: PMC9553119 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their diverse contributions to cell signaling and physiology throughout the nervous system and important roles in regulating complex behaviors, such as cognition, reward, and movement. Thus, targeting mGlu receptors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of several brain disorders. Ongoing advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mGlu receptors has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the brain by targeting sites distinct from orthosteric or endogenous ligand binding sites on mGlu receptors. These pharmacological agents provide the unparalleled opportunity to selectively regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and subsequent behavioral output pertinent to many brain disorders. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the utility of mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as novel therapeutic approaches to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and stress-related disorders.
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17
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de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Buonaguro EF, Tomasetti C, Vellucci L, Iasevoli F. The Homer1 family of proteins at the crossroad of dopamine-glutamate signaling: An emerging molecular "Lego" in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. A systematic review and translational insight. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104596. [PMID: 35248676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Once considered only scaffolding proteins at glutamatergic postsynaptic density (PSD), Homer1 proteins are increasingly emerging as multimodal adaptors that integrate different signal transduction pathways within PSD, involved in motor and cognitive functions, with putative implications in psychiatric disorders. Regulation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking, modulation of calcium signaling, tuning of long-term potentiation, organization of dendritic spines' growth, as well as meta- and homeostatic plasticity control are only a few of the multiple endocellular and synaptic functions that have been linked to Homer1. Findings from preclinical studies, as well as genetic studies conducted in humans, suggest that both constitutive (Homer1b/c) and inducible (Homer1a) isoforms of Homer1 play a role in the neurobiology of several psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and addiction. On this background, Homer1 has been proposed as a putative novel target in psychopharmacological treatments. The aim of this review is to summarize and systematize the growing body of evidence on Homer proteins, highlighting the role of Homer1 in the pathophysiology and therapy of mental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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18
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Caffino L, Mottarlini F, Targa G, Verheij MMM, Fumagalli F, Homberg JR. Responsivity of serotonin transporter knockout rats to short and long access to cocaine: modulation of the glutamate signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3727-3739. [PMID: 35174489 PMCID: PMC9310702 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose It has been well established that glutamate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in the motivation to take drugs of abuse. We have previously demonstrated that rats with ablation of the serotonin transporter (SERT−/− rats) show increased cocaine intake reminiscent of compulsivity. Experimental Approach By comparing SERT−/− to SERT+/+ rats, we investigated whether SERT deletion influences glutamate homeostasis under control conditions as well as after short access (ShA: 1 h per session) or long access (LgA: 6 h per session) to cocaine self‐administration. Rats were killed at 24 h after the last self‐administration session for ex vivo molecular analyses of the main determinants of the glutamate system, including transporters (vesicular and glial), receptors (main post‐synaptic subunits of NMDA and AMPA receptors together with the metabotropic subunit mGLUR5), and scaffolding proteins (SAP102, SAP97, and GRIP) in the NAc shell (sNAc) Key Results In cocaine‐naive animals, SERT deletion was associated with changes indicative for a reduction in glutamate signalling. ShA and LgA exposure led to a further dysregulation of the glutamatergic synapse. Conclusion SERT deletion may render the glutamatergic synapses of the NAc shell more responsive to both ShA and LgA intake of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Targa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Michel M M Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Drug addiction remains a key biomedical challenge facing current neuroscience research. In addition to neural mechanisms, the focus of the vast majority of studies to date, astrocytes have been increasingly recognized as an "accomplice." According to the tripartite synapse model, astrocytes critically regulate nearby pre- and postsynaptic neuronal substrates to craft experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, including synapse formation and elimination. Astrocytes within brain regions that are implicated in drug addiction exhibit dynamic changes in activity upon exposure to cocaine and subsequently undergo adaptive changes themselves during chronic drug exposure. Recent results have identified several key astrocytic signaling pathways that are involved in cocaine-induced synaptic and circuit adaptations. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the role of astrocytes in regulating synaptic transmission and neuronal function, and discuss how cocaine influences these astrocyte-mediated mechanisms to induce persistent synaptic and circuit alterations that promote cocaine seeking and relapse. We also consider the therapeutic potential of targeting astrocytic substrates to ameliorate drug-induced neuroplasticity for behavioral benefits. While primarily focusing on cocaine-induced astrocytic responses, we also include brief discussion of other drugs of abuse where data are available.
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20
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Hámor PU, Schwendt M. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Trafficking and its Role in Drug-Induced Neurobehavioral Plasticity. Brain Plast 2021; 7:61-76. [PMID: 34868874 PMCID: PMC8609495 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that guides developmental and experience-dependent changes in many cellular substrates and brain circuits, through the process collectively referred to as neurobehavioral plasticity. Regulation of cell surface expression and membrane trafficking of glutamate receptors represents an important mechanism that assures optimal excitatory transmission, and at the same time, also allows for fine-tuning neuronal responses to glutamate. On the other hand, there is growing evidence implicating dysregulated glutamate receptor trafficking in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. This review provides up-to-date information on the molecular determinants regulating trafficking and surface expression of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in the rodent and human brain and discusses the role of mGluR trafficking in maladaptive synaptic plasticity produced by addictive drugs. As substantial evidence links glutamatergic dysfunction to the progression and the severity of drug addiction, advances in our understanding of mGluR trafficking may provide opportunities for the development of novel pharmacotherapies of addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U. Hámor
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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21
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Individual differences in dopamine uptake in the dorsomedial striatum prior to cocaine exposure predict motivation for cocaine in male rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1757-1767. [PMID: 33953341 PMCID: PMC8357974 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A major theme of addiction research has focused on the neural substrates of individual differences in the risk for addiction; however, little is known about how vulnerable populations differ from those that are relatively protected. Here, we prospectively measured dopamine (DA) neurotransmission prior to cocaine exposure to predict the onset and course of cocaine use. Using in vivo voltammetry, we first generated baseline profiles of DA release and uptake in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and nucleus accumbens of drug-naïve male rats prior to exposing them to cocaine using conditioned place preference (CPP) or operant self-administration. We found that the innate rate of DA uptake in the DMS strongly predicted motivation for cocaine and drug-primed reinstatement, but not CPP, responding when "price" was low, or extinction. We then assessed the impact of baseline variations in DA uptake on cocaine potency in the DMS using ex vivo voltammetry in naïve rats and in rats with DA transporter (DAT) knockdown. DA uptake in the DMS of naïve rats predicted the neurochemical response to cocaine, such that rats with innately faster rates of DA uptake demonstrated higher cocaine potency at the DAT and rats with DAT knockdown displayed reduced potency compared to controls. Together, these data demonstrate that inherent variability in DA uptake in the DMS predicts the behavioral response to cocaine, potentially by altering the apparent potency of cocaine.
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22
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Knouse MC, Briand LA. Behavioral sex differences in cocaine and opioid use disorders: The role of gonadal hormones. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:358-366. [PMID: 34214512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Females are more vulnerable than males to many aspects of cocaine use disorder. This vulnerability also translates to opioid use disorder, with females exhibiting stronger behavioral responses than males to drugs such as heroin and morphine. While there is evidence for many overlapping neural mechanisms underlying cocaine and opioid abuse, there is also a breadth of evidence indicating divergent effects of the drugs on synaptic plasticity. This makes it unclear whether the behavioral sex differences seen in substance use disorder across different drugs of abuse rely on the same mechanisms. Ovarian hormones have consistently been implicated as drivers of the behavioral sex differences in cocaine taking and seeking. While there are far fewer studies on the role of ovarian hormones in opioid use disorder, the existing data suggest that ovarian hormones may not drive these behavioral effects in the same manner as in cocaine use disorder. This review highlights evidence that behavioral sex differences in substance use disorder might be driven by different mechanisms depending on drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Briand
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States; Neuroscience Program, Temple University, United States.
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23
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Sridharan PS, Lu Y, Rice RC, Pieper AA, Rajadhyaksha AM. Loss of Cav1.2 channels impairs hippocampal theta burst stimulation-induced long-term potentiation. Channels (Austin) 2021; 14:287-293. [PMID: 32799605 PMCID: PMC7515572 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1807851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CACNA1 C, which codes for the Cav1.2 isoform of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), is a prominent risk gene in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. A role forLTCCs, and Cav1.2 in particular, in transcription-dependent late long-term potentiation (LTP) has long been known. Here, we report that elimination of Cav1.2 channels in glutamatergic neurons also impairs theta burst stimulation (TBS)-induced LTP in the hippocampus, known to be transcription-independent and dependent on N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and local protein synthesis at synapses. Our expansion of the established role of Cav1.2channels in LTP broadens understanding of synaptic plasticity and identifies a new cellular phenotype for exploring treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethy S Sridharan
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard C Rice
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA, USA.,Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind and Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
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24
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Schwendt M, Knackstedt LA. Extinction vs. Abstinence: A Review of the Molecular and Circuit Consequences of Different Post-Cocaine Experiences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116113. [PMID: 34204090 PMCID: PMC8200945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intravenous cocaine self-administration model is widely used to characterize the neurobiology of cocaine seeking. When studies are aimed at understanding relapse to cocaine-seeking, a post-cocaine abstinence period is imposed, followed by “relapse” tests to assess the ability of drug-related stimuli (“primes”) to evoke the resumption of the instrumental response previously made to obtain cocaine. Here, we review the literature on the impact of post-cocaine abstinence procedures on neurobiology, finding that the prelimbic and infralimbic regions of the prefrontal cortex are recruited by extinction training, and are not part of the relapse circuitry when extinction training does not occur. Pairing cocaine infusions with discrete cues recruits the involvement of the NA, which together with the dorsal striatum, is a key part of the relapse circuit regardless of abstinence procedures. Differences in molecular adaptations in the NA core include increased expression of GluN1 and glutamate receptor signaling partners after extinction training. AMPA receptors and glutamate transporters are similarly affected by abstinence and extinction. Glutamate receptor antagonists show efficacy at reducing relapse following extinction and abstinence, with a modest increase in efficacy of compounds that restore glutamate homeostasis after extinction training. Imaging studies in humans reveal cocaine-induced adaptations that are similar to those produced after extinction training. Thus, while instrumental extinction training does not have face validity, its use does not produce adaptations distinct from human cocaine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lori A. Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-2185
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25
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Cocaine use disorder: A look at metabotropic glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Caffino L, Mottarlini F, Targa G, Verheij MMM, Homberg J, Fumagalli F. Long access to cocaine self-administration dysregulates the glutamate synapse in the nucleus accumbens core of serotonin transporter knockout rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4254-4264. [PMID: 33880773 PMCID: PMC9544393 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose It is well established that the nucleus accumbens and glutamate play a critical role in the motivation to take drugs of abuse. We have previously demonstrated that rats with ablation of the serotonin (5‐HT) transporter (SERT−/− rats) show increased cocaine intake reminiscent of compulsivity. Experimental Approach By comparing SERT−/− to SERT+/+ rats, we set out to explore whether SERT deletion influences glutamate neurotransmission under control conditions as well as after short access (1 h/session) or long access (6 h/session) to cocaine self‐administration. Key Results Rats were killed at 24 h after the final self‐administration session for ex vivo molecular analyses of the glutamate system (vesicular and glial transporters, post‐synaptic subunits of NMDA and AMPA receptors and their related scaffolding proteins). Such analyses were undertaken in the nucleus accumbens core. In cocaine‐naïve animals, SERT deletion evoked widespread abnormalities in markers of glutamatergic neurotransmission that, overall, indicate a reduction of glutamate signalling. These results suggest that 5‐HT is pivotal for the maintenance of accumbal glutamate homeostasis. We also found that SERT deletion altered glutamate homeostasis mainly after long access, but not short access, to cocaine. Conclusion and Implications Our findings reveal that SERT deletion may sensitize the glutamatergic synapses of the nucleus accumbens core to the long access but not short access, intake of cocaine. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on New discoveries and perspectives in mental and pain disorders. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.17/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Targa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michel M M Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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27
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Bouton ME, Maren S, McNally GP. BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF PAVLOVIAN AND INSTRUMENTAL EXTINCTION LEARNING. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:611-681. [PMID: 32970967 PMCID: PMC8428921 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning decreases in strength when the outcome that reinforced it is removed. Behavioral research indicates that neither Pavlovian nor operant extinction depends substantially on erasure of the original learning but instead depends on new inhibitory learning that is primarily expressed in the context in which it is learned, as exemplified by the renewal effect. Although the nature of the inhibition may differ in Pavlovian and operant extinction, in either case the decline in responding may depend on both generalization decrement and the correction of prediction error. At the neural level, Pavlovian extinction requires a tripartite neural circuit involving the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Synaptic plasticity in the amygdala is essential for extinction learning, and prefrontal cortical inhibition of amygdala neurons encoding fear memories is involved in extinction retrieval. Hippocampal-prefrontal circuits mediate fear relapse phenomena, including renewal. Instrumental extinction involves distinct ensembles in corticostriatal, striatopallidal, and striatohypothalamic circuits as well as their thalamic returns for inhibitory (extinction) and excitatory (renewal and other relapse phenomena) control over operant responding. The field has made significant progress in recent decades, although a fully integrated biobehavioral understanding still awaits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Bouton
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Altshuler RD, Yang ES, Garcia KT, Davis IR, Olaniran A, Haile M, Razavi S, Li X. Role of orbitofrontal cortex in incubation of oxycodone craving in male rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12927. [PMID: 32570285 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in treating opioid-use disorders is relapse during abstinence, triggered by re-exposure to drug-associated cues. Previous studies have demonstrated that drug-seeking in rats progressively increases over time during withdrawal (incubation of drug craving). Here, we used male rats and examined neural mechanisms underlying incubation of craving to oxycodone, a commonly abused prescription opioid, and we focused on orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a brain region previously implicated in incubation of heroin craving. We first used neuronal activity marker Fos and measured neuronal activation in OFC (ventral and lateral OFC) associated with day-1 and day-15 relapse tests. Next, we determined the effect of pharmacological reversible inactivation of OFC on incubated oxycodone seeking on withdrawal day 15. Finally, we determined the effect of reversible inactivation of OFC on nonincubated oxycodone seeking on withdrawal day 1. We found that lever presses during relapse tests were higher on withdrawal day 15 than on withdrawal day 1 (incubation of oxycodone craving). Incubation of oxycodone craving is accompanied with a time-dependent increase of Fos protein expression in both ventral and lateral OFC. Lastly, OFC inactivation decreased oxycodone seeking on withdrawal day 15 but had no effect on withdrawal day 1. Together with the previous heroin study, results here show that OFC plays a critical role in incubation of opioid craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Altshuler
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA
| | - Kristine T. Garcia
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA
| | - Ian R. Davis
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA
| | - Adedayo Olaniran
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA
| | - Meron Haile
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA
| | - Syrus Razavi
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA
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29
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Bechard AR, Logan CN, Mesa J, Padovan-Hernandez Y, Blount H, Hodges VL, Knackstedt LA. Role of prefrontal cortex projections to the nucleus accumbens core in mediating the effects of ceftriaxone on cue-induced cocaine seeking. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12928. [PMID: 32558119 PMCID: PMC7746580 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic that reliably attenuates the reinstatement of cocaine seeking after extinction while preventing the nucleus accumbens (NA) core glutamate efflux that drives reinstatement. However, when rats undergo abstinence without extinction, ceftriaxone attenuates context-primed cocaine seeking but NA core glutamate efflux still increases. Here, we sought to determine if the same would occur when cocaine seeking is prompted by both context and discrete cues (cue-induced seeking) after cocaine abstinence. Male rats self-administered intravenous cocaine accompanied by drug-associated cues (light + tone) for 2 h/day for 14 days. Rats then experienced abstinence with daily handling but no extinction training for 2 weeks. Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg IP) or vehicle was administered during the last 6 days of abstinence. During a cue-induced cocaine seeking test, microdialysis procedures were conducted. Rats were perfused at the end of the test for later Fos analysis. A separate cohort of rats was infused with the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B in the NA core and underwent the same self-administration and relapse procedures. Ceftriaxone increased baseline glutamate and attenuated both cue-induced cocaine seeking and NA core glutamate efflux during this test. Ceftriaxone reduced Fos expression in regions sending projections to the NA core (prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, ventral tegmental area) and specifically reduced Fos in prelimbic cortex and not infralimbic cortex neurons projecting to the NA core. Thus, when cocaine seeking is induced by drug-associated cues, ceftriaxone is able to attenuate relapse by preventing NA core glutamate efflux, likely through reducing activity in prelimbic NA core-projecting neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly N. Logan
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Javier Mesa
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Yasmin Padovan-Hernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Harrison Blount
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Lori A. Knackstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence from the past 15 years implicates epigenetic mechanisms in the behavioral effects of addictive drugs. The main focus of these studies has been epigenetic mechanisms of psychomotor sensitization and drug reinforcement, as assessed by the conditioned place preference and drug self-administration procedures. Some of these studies have documented long-lasting changes in the expression of epigenetic enzymes and molecules that persist for weeks after the last drug exposure. These observations have inspired more recent investigations on the epigenetic mechanisms of relapse to drug seeking after prolonged abstinence. Here, we review studies that have examined epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., histone modifications, chromatin remodeler-associated modifications, and DNA methylation) that contribute to relapse to cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, morphine, heroin, nicotine, or alcohol seeking, as assessed in rodent models. We first provide a brief overview of studies that have examined persistent epigenetic changes in the brain after prolonged abstinence from noncontingent drug exposure or drug self-administration. Next, we review studies on the effect of either systemic or brain site-specific epigenetic manipulations on the reinstatement of drug-conditioned place preference after extinction of the learned preference, the reinstatement of drug seeking after operant drug self-administration and extinction of the drug-reinforced responding, and the incubation of drug craving (the time-dependent increase in drug seeking after cessation of drug self-administration). We conclude by discussing the implications of these studies for understanding mechanisms contributing to persistent relapse vulnerability after prolonged abstinence. We also discuss the implications of these results for translational research on the potential use of systemically administered epigenetic enzyme inhibitors for relapse prevention in human drug users.
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31
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Murray CH, Christian DT, Milovanovic M, Loweth JA, Hwang EK, Caccamise AJ, Funke JR, Wolf ME. mGlu5 function in the nucleus accumbens core during the incubation of methamphetamine craving. Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108452. [PMID: 33444640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) reduce cocaine and methamphetamine seeking in extinction-reinstatement animal models of addiction. Less is known about effects of mGlu5 NAMs in abstinence models, particularly for methamphetamine. We used the incubation of drug craving model, in which cue-induced craving progressively intensifies after withdrawal from drug self-administration, to conduct the first studies of the following aspects of mGlu5 function in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) core during abstinence from methamphetamine self-administration: 1) functionality of the major form of synaptic depression in NAc medium spiny neurons, which is induced postsynaptically via mGlu5 and expressed presynaptically via cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs), 2) mGlu5 surface expression and physical associations between mGlu5, Homer proteins, and diacylglycerol lipase-α, and 3) the effect of systemic and intra-NAc core administration of the mGlu5 NAM 3-((2-methyl-4-)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) on expression of incubated methamphetamine craving. We found that mGlu5/CB1R-dependent synaptic depression was lost during the rising phase of methamphetamine incubation but then recovered, in contrast to its persistent impairment during the plateau phase of incubation of cocaine craving. Furthermore, whereas the cocaine-induced impairment was accompanied by reduced mGlu5 levels and mGlu5-Homer associations, this was not the case for methamphetamine. Systemic MTEP reduced incubated methamphetamine seeking, but also reduced inactive hole nose-pokes and locomotion, while intra-NAc core MTEP had no significant effects. These findings provide the first insight into the role of mGlu5 in the incubation of methamphetamine craving and reveal differences from incubation of cocaine craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor H Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Daniel T Christian
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Mike Milovanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Jessica A Loweth
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Aaron J Caccamise
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Funke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Smart K, Nagano-Saito A, Milella MS, Sakae DY, Favier M, Vigneault E, Louie L, Hamilton A, Ferguson SSG, Rosa-Neto P, Narayanan S, El Mestikawy S, Leyton M, Benkelfat C. Metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptor binding availability during dextroamphetamine sensitization in mice and humans. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E1-E13. [PMID: 32559027 PMCID: PMC7955855 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate transmission is implicated in drug-induced behavioural sensitization and the associated long-lasting increases in mesolimbic output. Metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptors might be particularly important, but most details are poorly understood. METHODS We first assessed in mice (n = 51, all male) the effects of repeated dextroamphetamine administration (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) on locomotor activity and binding of the mGlu5 ligand [3H]ABP688. In a parallel study, in 19 stimulant-drug-naïve healthy human volunteers (14 female) we administered 3 doses of dextroamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) or placebo, followed by a fourth dose 2 weeks later. We measured [11C]ABP688 binding using positron emission tomography before and after the induction phase. We assessed psychomotor and behavioural sensitization using speech rate, eye blink rate and self-report. We measured the localization of mGlu5 relative to synaptic markers in mouse striatum using immunofluorescence. RESULTS We observed amphetamine-induced psychomotor sensitization in mice and humans. We did not see group differences in mGlu5 availability following 3 pre-challenge amphetamine doses, but group differences did develop in mice administered 5 doses. In mice and humans, individual differences in mGlu5 binding after repeated amphetamine administration were negatively correlated with the extent of behavioural sensitization. In drug-naïve mice, mGlu5 was expressed at 67% of excitatory synapses on dendrites of striatal medium spiny neur. LIMITATIONS Correlational results should be interpreted as suggestive because of the limited sample size. We did not assess sex differences. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest that changes in mGlu5 availability are not part of the earliest neural adaptations in stimulant-induced behavioural sensitization, but low mGlu5 binding might identify a higher propensity for sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Michele S Milella
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Diana Yae Sakae
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Mathieu Favier
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Erika Vigneault
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Leanne Louie
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Alison Hamilton
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Sridar Narayanan
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Marco Leyton
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
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Groman SM, Hillmer AT, Heather L, Fowles K, Holden D, Morris ED, Lee D, Taylor JR. Dysregulation of Decision Making Related to Metabotropic Glutamate 5, but Not Midbrain D 3, Receptor Availability Following Cocaine Self-administration in Rats. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:777-787. [PMID: 32826065 PMCID: PMC8935943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compulsive patterns of drug use are thought to be the consequence of drug-induced adaptations in the neural mechanisms that enable behavior to be flexible. Neuroimaging studies have found evidence of robust alterations in glutamate and dopamine receptors within brain regions that are known to be critical for decision-making processes in cocaine-dependent individuals, and these changes have been argued to be the consequence of persistent drug use. The causal relationships among drug-induced alterations, cocaine taking, and maladaptive decision-making processes, however, are difficult to establish in humans. METHODS We assessed decision making in adult male rats using a probabilistic reversal learning task and used positron emission tomography with the [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [18F]FPEB radioligands to quantify regional dopamine D2/3 and metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor availability, respectively, before and after 21 days of cocaine or saline self-administration. Tests of motivation and relapse-like behaviors were also conducted. RESULTS We found that self-administration of cocaine, but not of saline, disrupted behavior in the probabilistic reversal learning task measured by selective impairments in negative-outcome updating and also increased cortical mGlu5 receptor availability following 2 weeks of forced abstinence. D2/3 and, importantly, midbrain D3 receptor availability was not altered following 2 weeks of abstinence from cocaine. Notably, the degree of the cocaine-induced increase in cortical mGlu5 receptor availability was related to the degree of disruption in negative-outcome updating. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cocaine-induced changes in mGlu5 signaling may be a mechanism by which disruptions in negative-outcome updating emerge in cocaine-dependent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Liu Heather
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University
| | - Krista Fowles
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Evan D. Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University,Invicro LLC
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jane R. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Neuroscience Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
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34
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Altshuler RD, Lin H, Li X. Neural mechanisms underlying incubation of methamphetamine craving: A mini-review. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173058. [PMID: 33250444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cue-induced drug craving and seeking progressively increases during abstinence. This "incubation of drug craving" phenomenon has been observed in both laboratory animals and humans. Preclinical studies identified several neural mechanisms underlying incubation of drug craving after forced abstinence, primarily focusing on cocaine. Recently, studies started focusing on another powerful psychostimulant, methamphetamine (Meth), and developed new incubation procedures (choice-induced and punishment-induced abstinence). Here, we review mechanistic studies at the circuit, synaptic and molecular levels on incubation of Meth craving. First, we provide an overview of neural adaptations associated with prolonged forced abstinence after extended-access Meth self-administration. Next, we review studies examining the causal roles of discrete brain regions and associated circuits, glutamate transmission, histone deacetylase 5 and oxytocin in incubation of Meth craving after forced abstinence. Lastly, we review causal and correlational studies examining the mechanisms underlying incubation of Meth craving after choice-induced voluntary abstinence and punishment-induced abstinence, respectively. We conclude by discussing the translational potential of these mechanistic studies in Meth relapse prevention in human drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Altshuler
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America.
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Cox SML, Tippler M, Jaworska N, Smart K, Castellanos-Ryan N, Durand F, Allard D, Benkelfat C, Parent S, Dagher A, Vitaro F, Boivin M, Pihl RO, Côté S, Tremblay RE, Séguin JR, Leyton M. mGlu5 receptor availability in youth at risk for addictions: effects of vulnerability traits and cannabis use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1817-1825. [PMID: 32413893 PMCID: PMC7608187 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate has been implicated in experience-dependent neuroplasticity and drug-seeking behaviors. Type 5 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu5) receptors might be particularly important. They are critically involved in synaptic plasticity and their availability has been reported to be lower in people with alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine use disorders. Since these reductions could reflect effects of drug use or pre-existing traits, we used positron emission tomography to measure mGlu5 receptor availability in young adults at elevated risk for addictions. Fifty-nine participants (age 18.5 ± 0.6) were recruited from a longitudinal study that has followed them since birth. Based on externalizing traits that predict future substance use problems, half were at low risk, half were at high risk. Cannabis use histories varied markedly and participants were divided into three subgroups: zero, low, and high use. Compared to low risk volunteers, those at elevated risk had lower [11C]ABP688 binding potential (BPND) values in the striatum, amygdala, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Cannabis use by risk group interactions were observed in the striatum and OFC. In these regions, low [11C]ABP688 BPND values were only seen in the high risk group that used high quantities of cannabis. When these high risk, high cannabis use individuals were compared to all other participants, [11C]ABP688 BPND values were lower in the striatum, OFC, and insula. Together, these results provide evidence that mGlu5 receptor availability is low in youth at elevated risk for addictions, particularly those who frequently use cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M L Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Tippler
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Research, Affiliated with the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly Smart
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Natalie Castellanos-Ryan
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - France Durand
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Allard
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Parent
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- Department of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert O Pihl
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Smaga I, Fierro D, Mesa J, Filip M, Knackstedt LA. Molecular changes evoked by the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone across rodent models of substance use disorder and neurological disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:116-130. [PMID: 32485268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ceftriaxone is a beta-lactam antibiotic that increases the expression of the major glutamate transporter, GLT-1. As such, ceftriaxone ameliorates symptoms across multiple rodent models of neurological diseases and substance use disorders. However, the mechanism behind GLT-1 upregulation is unknown. The present review synthesizes this literature in order to identify commonalities in molecular changes. We find that ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg for at least two days) consistently restores GLT-1 expression in multiple rodent models of neurological disease, especially when GLT-1 is decreased in the disease model. The same dose given to healthy/drug-naive rodents does not reliably upregulate GLT-1 in any brain region except the hippocampus. Increased GLT-1 expression does not consistently arise from transcriptional regulation, and is likely to be due to trafficking changes. In addition to altered transporter expression, ceftriaxone ameliorates neuropathologies (e.g. tau, amyloid beta, cell death) and aberrant protein expression associated with a number of neurological disease models. Taken together, these results indicate that ceftriaxone remains a strong candidate for treatment of multiple disorders in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Smaga
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel Fierro
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Javier Mesa
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Roberts‐Wolfe DJ, Heinsbroek JA, Spencer SM, Bobadilla AC, Smith AC, Gipson CD, Kalivas PW. Transient synaptic potentiation in nucleus accumbens shell during refraining from cocaine seeking. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12759. [PMID: 31062493 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to drug-associated cues without reward (extinction) leads to refraining from drug seeking in rodents. We determined if refraining is associated with transient synaptic plasticity (t-SP) in nucleus accumbens shell (NAshell), akin to the t-SP measured in the NAcore during cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. Using whole cell patch electrophysiology, we found that medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in NAshell expressed increased ratio of AMPA to NMDA glutamate receptor currents during refraining, which normalized to baseline levels by the end of the 2-hour extinction session. Unlike t-SP observed in NAcore during reinstated drug seeking, neither dendrite spine head enlargement nor activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMP2/9) accompanied the increased AMPA:NMDA in NAshell during refraining. Refraining was also not associated with changes in paired pulse ratio, NMDA receptor current decay time, or AMPA receptor rectification index in NAshell MSNs. Our preliminary data in transgenic mice suggest that t-SP may increase D2-MSN inputs relative to D1-MSN inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasper A. Heinsbroek
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Denver Medical School Denver Colorado USA
| | - Sade M. Spencer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Ana Clara Bobadilla
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | | | | | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
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38
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Back SE, Gray K, Santa Ana E, Jones JL, Jarnecke AM, Joseph JE, Prisciandaro J, Killeen T, Brown DG, Taimina L, Compean E, Malcolm R, Flanagan JC, Kalivas PW. N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 91:105961. [PMID: 32087337 PMCID: PMC7333883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two prevalent psychiatric conditions in the U.S. The co-occurrence of AUD and PTSD is also common, and associated with a more severe clinical presentation and worse treatment outcomes across the biopsychosocial spectrum (e.g., social and vocational functioning, physical health) as compared to either disorder alone. Despite the high co-occurrence and negative outcomes, research on effective medications for AUD/PTSD is sparse and there is little empirical evidence to guide treatment decisions. The study described in this paper addresses this knowledge gap by testing the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reducing alcohol use and PTSD symptoms. Animal studies and prior clinical research suggest a role for NAC in the treatment of substance use disorders and PTSD via glutamate modulation. NAC is a cysteine pro-drug that stimulates the cystine-glutamate exchanger, normalizes glial glutamate transporters, and restores glutamatergic tone on presynaptic receptors in reward regions of the brain. Moreover, NAC is available over-the-counter, has a long-established safety record, and does not require titration to achieve the target dose. This paper describes the rationale, study design, and methodology of a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of NAC (2400 mg/day) among adults with co-occurring AUD and PTSD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) are utilized to investigate the neural circuitry and neurochemistry underlying comorbid AUD/PTSD and identify predictors of treatment outcome. This study is designed to determine the efficacy of NAC in the treatment of co-occurring AUD/PTSD and provide new information regarding mechanisms of action implicated in co-occurring AUD/PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudie E Back
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Kevin Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Santa Ana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Amber M Jarnecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Jane E Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - James Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Therese Killeen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Delisa G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Linda Taimina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Ebele Compean
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert Malcolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Julianne C Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Stennett BA, Padovan-Hernandez Y, Knackstedt LA. Sequential cocaine-alcohol self-administration produces adaptations in rat nucleus accumbens core glutamate homeostasis that are distinct from those produced by cocaine self-administration alone. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:441-450. [PMID: 31266052 PMCID: PMC6969168 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no FDA-approved medications to reduce cocaine relapse. The majority of preclinical studies aimed at identifying the neurobiology underlying relapse involve the self-administration of cocaine alone, whereas many, if not a majority, of cocaine users engage in polysubstance use. Here we developed a rat model of sequential cocaine and alcohol self-administration to test the hypothesis that this combination produces distinct neuroadaptations relative to those produced by cocaine alone. Male rats underwent intravenous cocaine self-administration (2 h/day) followed by 6 h access to unsweetened alcohol (20% v/v) for 12 days. After extinction training, we assessed surface expression of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 and glutamate efflux in the nucleus accumbens (NA) core during the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. We also tested the ability of ceftriaxone to attenuate the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking and assessed reinstatement-induced Fos expression in several regions critical for reinstatement. Alcohol consumption did not alter cocaine intake, nor did access to cocaine alter alcohol consumption. However, we noted significant changes in glutamate homeostasis in the NA core of cocaine + alcohol rats relative to rats consuming cocaine alone, such as increased surface GLT-1 expression and a lack of increase in glutamate efflux during reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. A history of cocaine + alcohol also altered patterns of reinstatement-induced Fos expression. These changes likely account for the inability of ceftriaxone to attenuate cocaine relapse in cocaine + alcohol rats, while it does so in rats consuming only cocaine. As such glutamate neuroadaptations are targeted by medications to reduce cocaine relapse, preclinical models should consider polysubstance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Stennett
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yasmin Padovan-Hernandez
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Wu CS, Jew CP, Sun H, Ballester Rosado CJ, Lu HC. mGlu5 in GABAergic neurons modulates spontaneous and psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:345-361. [PMID: 31646346 PMCID: PMC7024012 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) in regulating spontaneous locomotion and psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity has been proposed. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine if mGlu5 in GABAergic neurons regulates spontaneous or psychostimulant-induced locomotion. METHODS We generated mice specifically lacking mGlu5 in forebrain GABAergic neuron by crossing DLX-Cre mice with mGlu5flox/flox mice to generate DLX-mGlu5 KO mice. The locomotion of adult mice was examined in the open-field assay (OFA) and home cage setting. The effects of the mGlu5 antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), cocaine, and methylphenidate on acute motor behaviors in DLX-mGlu5 KO and littermate control mice were assessed in OFA. Striatal synaptic plasticity of these mice was examined with field potential electrophysiological recordings. RESULTS Deleting mGlu5 from forebrain GABAergic neurons results in failure to induce long-term depression (LTD) in the dorsal striatum and absence of habituated locomotion in both novel and familiar settings. In a familiar environment (home cage), DLX-mGlu5 KO mice were hyperactive. In the OFA, DLX-mGlu5 KO mice exhibited initial hypo-activity, and then gradually increased their locomotion with time, resulting in no habituation response. DLX-mGlu5 KO mice exhibited almost no locomotor response to MPEP (40 mg/kg), while the same dose elicited hyperlocomotion in control mice. The DLX-mGlu5 KO mice also showed reduced hyperactivity response to cocaine, while they retained normal hyperactivity response to methylphenidate, albeit with delayed onset. CONCLUSION mGlu5 in forebrain GABAergic neurons is critical to trigger habituation upon the initiation of locomotion as well as to mediate MPEP-induced hyperlocomotion and modulate psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shan Wu
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, 123 Cater-Mattil, 2253 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Christopher P Jew
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Carlos J Ballester Rosado
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Linda and Jack Gill Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Reversing Cocaine-Induced Plasticity with Zeta Inhibitory Peptide. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7801-7809. [PMID: 31409665 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1367-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine-induced plasticity persists during abstinence and is thought to underlie cue-evoked craving. Reversing this plasticity could provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Converging evidence suggest that zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) eliminates memories for experience-dependent behaviors, including conditioned drug associations. However, the effect of ZIP on reward seeking and drug-induced plasticity is unknown. The current study examined the effect of ZIP administration in the nucleus accumbens on reinstatement (RI) of cocaine seeking, a rodent model of relapse. We demonstrate that intra-accumbal ZIP administration blocks cocaine-primed RI in rats when administered 24 h or 1 week before testing. These effects of ZIP on drug seeking are specific, as we did not see any effect of ZIP on RI of sucrose seeking. ZIP is a synthetic compound designed to inhibit the atypical PKC, PKMζ, a protein implicated in learning and memory. However, recent evidence from PKMζ-knock-out (KO) mice suggests that ZIP may function through alternative mechanisms. In support of this, we found that ZIP was able to block cue-induced RI in PKMζ-KO mice. One possible mechanism underlying addictive phenotypes is the ability of cocaine to block further plasticity. We hypothesized that ZIP may be working to reverse this anaplasticity. Although ZIP has no effect on accumbal LTD in slices from naive or yoked saline mice, it is able to restore both NMDA-dependent and mGluR5-dependent LTD in animals after cocaine self-administration and withdrawal. These findings demonstrate that intra-accumbal ZIP persistently reverses cocaine-induced behavioral and synaptic plasticity in male and female rodents.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Zeta-inhibitory peptide (ZIP) has been shown to disrupt memory maintenance for experience-dependent behaviors. We examined the effect of ZIP infused into the nucleus accumbens on the reinstatement (RI) of cocaine seeking. We found that intra-accumbal ZIP blocked RI of cocaine seeking 24 h and 1 week later. This effect was specific to RI of cocaine seeking as ZIP did not disrupt RI of food seeking. In conjunction with these behavioral studies we examined the ability of ZIP to reverse cocaine-induced deficits in LTD. We found that ZIP was able to rescue two forms of LTD in cocaine-experienced mice. These studies demonstrate that ZIP is able to reverse cocaine-induced behavioral and synaptic plasticity in a persistent manner.
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Bobadilla AC, Garcia-Keller C, Chareunsouk V, Hyde J, Medina Camacho D, Heinsbroek JA, Kalivas PW. Accumbens brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transmission inhibits cocaine seeking. Addict Biol 2019; 24:860-873. [PMID: 29890020 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates a variety of physiological processes, and several studies have explored the role of BDNF in addiction-related brain regions like the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). We sought to understand the rapid effects of endogenous BDNF on cocaine seeking. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and extinguished. We then microinjected two inhibitors of BDNF stimulation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), the non-competitive receptor antagonist ANA-12 and TrkB/Fc, a fusion protein that binds BDNF and prevents TrkB stimulation. Blocking TrkB or inactivating BDNF in NAcore potentiated active lever pressing, showing that endogenous BDNF tone was present and supplying inhibitory tone on cue-induced reinstatement. To determine if exogenous BDNF also negatively regulated reinstatement, BDNF was microinjected into NAcore 15 minutes before cue-induced reinstatement. BDNF decreased cocaine seeking through TrkB receptor binding, but had no effect on inactive lever pressing, spontaneous or cocaine-induced locomotion, or on reinstated sucrose seeking. BDNF-infusion potentiated within trial extinction when microinjected in the NAcore during cue- and context + cue induced reinstatement, and the inhibition of lever pressing lasted at least 3 days post injection. Although decreased reinstatement endured for 3 days when BDNF was administered prior to a reinstatement session, when microinjected before an extinction session or in the home cage, BDNF did not alter subsequent cued-reinstatement. Together, these data show that endogenous BDNF acts on TrKB to provide inhibitory tone on reinstated cocaine seeking, and this effect was recapitulated by exogenous BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Clara Bobadilla
- Department of Neuroscience; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | | | - Victoria Chareunsouk
- Department of Neuroscience; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Jeffrey Hyde
- Department of Neuroscience; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
- Western Washington University; Department of Psychology and Program in Behavioral Neuroscience; Bellingham WA USA
| | | | - Jasper A. Heinsbroek
- Department of Neuroscience; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
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Niedzielska-Andres E, Mizera J, Sadakierska-Chudy A, Pomierny-Chamioło L, Filip M. Changes in the glutamate biomarker expression in rats vulnerable or resistant to the rewarding effects of cocaine and their reversal by ceftriaxone. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abel JM, Nesil T, Bakhti-Suroosh A, Grant PA, Lynch WJ. Mechanisms underlying the efficacy of exercise as an intervention for cocaine relapse: a focus on mGlu5 in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2155-2171. [PMID: 31161451 PMCID: PMC6626681 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exercise shows promise as a treatment option for addiction; but in order to prevent relapse, it may need to be introduced early in the course of treatment. OBJECTIVE We propose that exercise, by upregulating dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC)-nucleus accumbens (NAc) transmission, offsets deficits in pathways targeting glutamate, BDNF, and dopamine during early abstinence, and in doing so, normalizes neuroadaptations that underlie relapse. METHODS We compared the effects of exercise (wheel running, 2-h/day) during early (days 1-7), late (days 8-14), and throughout abstinence (days 1-14) to sedentary conditions on cocaine-seeking and gene expression in the dmPFC and NAc core of male rats tested following 24-h/day extended-access cocaine (up to 96 infusions/day) or saline self-administration and protracted abstinence (15 days). Based on these data, we then used site-specific manipulation to determine whether dmPFC metabotropic glutamate receptor5 (mGlu5) underlies the efficacy of exercise. RESULTS Exercise initiated during early, but not late abstinence, reduced cocaine-seeking; this effect was strongly associated with dmPFC Grm5 expression (gene encoding mGlu5), and modestly associated with dmPFC Grin1 and Bdnf-IV expression. Activation of mGlu5 in the dmPFC during early abstinence mimicked the efficacy of early-initiated exercise; however, inhibition of these receptors prior to the exercise sessions did not block its efficacy indicating that there may be redundancy in the mechanisms through which exercise reduces cocaine-seeking. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that addiction treatments, including exercise, should be tailored for early versus late phases of abstinence since their effectiveness will vary over abstinence due to the dynamic nature of the underlying neuroadaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M. Abel
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Tanseli Nesil
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Patrick A. Grant
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Wendy J. Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,Corresponding Author: Wendy J. Lynch, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 801402, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Tel: (434) 243-0580; Fax: (434) 973-7031;
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Guo H, Xie Q, Cui J, Xu D, Deji C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lai J. Naloxone reversed cognitive impairments induced by repeated morphine under heavy perceptual load in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1051-1065. [PMID: 31081159 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Repeated opioids abuse may produce long-lasting and complicated cognitive deficits in individuals. Naloxone is a typical mu-opioid receptor antagonist widely used in clinical treatment for opioid overdose and opioid abuse. However, it remains unclear whether naloxone affects morphine-induced cognitive deficits. Using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), the present study investigated cognitive profiles including attention, impulsivity, compulsivity, and processing speed in repeated morphine-treated mice. Repeated morphine administration (10 mg/kg, i.p.) induced complex cognitive changes including decreased attention and increased impulsivity, compulsivity, processing speed. Systemic naloxone administration (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed these cognitive changes under the heavy perceptual load in 5-CSRTT. Using the novel object recognition (NOR), Y-maze and open-field test (OFT), the present study investigated the memory ability and locomotor activity. Naloxone reversed the effect of morphine on recognition memory and locomotion but had no effect on working memory. In addition, repeated morphine administration decreased the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP), and these effects were significantly reversed by naloxone in PFC. Our study suggests that repeated exposure to morphine affects multiple cognitive aspects and impairs synaptic functions. Systemic naloxone treatment reverses the mu-opioids-induced cognitive changes, especially under the heavy perceptual load, possibly by restoring the synaptic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuola Deji
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianghua Lai
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Science, Xi'an, China
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H3.3 Barcoding of Nucleus Accumbens Transcriptional Activity Identifies Novel Molecular Cascades Associated with Cocaine Self-administration in Mice. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5247-5254. [PMID: 31043484 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0015-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous epigenetic modifications have been associated with addiction, little work has explored the turnover of histone variants. Uniquely, the H3.3 variant incorporates stably and preferentially into chromatin independently of DNA replication at active sites of transcription and transcription factor binding. Thus, genomic regions associated with H3.3-containing nucleosomes are particularly likely to be involved in plasticity, such as following repeated cocaine exposure. A recently developed mouse line expressing a neuron-specific hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged H3.3 protein was used to track transcriptionally active sites cumulatively across 19 d of cocaine self-administration. RNA-seq and H3.3-HA ChIP-seq analyses were performed on NAcc tissue collected following cocaine or food self-administration in male mice. RNA sequencing revealed five genes upregulated in cocaine relative to food self-administering mice: Fosb, Npas4, Vgf, Nptx2, and Pmepa1, which reflect known and novel cocaine plasticity-associated genes. Subsequent ChIP-seq analysis confirmed increased H3.3 aggregation at four of these five loci, thus validating H3.3 insertion as a marker of enhanced cocaine-induced transcription. Further motif recognition analysis of the ChIP-seq data showed that cocaine-associated differential H3.3 accumulation correlated with the presence of several transcription factor binding motifs, including RBPJ1, EGR1, and SOX4, suggesting that these are potentially important regulators of molecular cascades associated with cocaine-induced neuronal plasticity. Additional ontological analysis revealed differential H3.3 accumulation mainly near genes involved in neuronal differentiation and dendrite formation. These results establish the H3.3-HA transgenic mouse line as a compelling molecular barcoding tool to identify the cumulative effects of long-term environmental perturbations, such as exposure to drugs of abuse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Histone H3.3 is a core histone variant that is stably incorporated at active sites of transcription. We used a tagged version of H3.3 expressed exclusively in neurons to delineate active transcription sites following extended cocaine self-administration in mice. This approach revealed the cumulative list of genes expressed in response to cocaine taking over the course of several weeks. We combined this technique with RNA sequencing of tissue collected from the same animals 24 h after the last cocaine exposure. Comparing these datasets provided a full picture of genes that respond to chronic cocaine exposure in NAcc neurons. These studies revealed novel transcription factors that are likely involved in cocaine-induced plasticity and addiction-like behaviors.
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Bechard AR, Knackstedt LA. The effects of Pavlovian cue extinction and ceftriaxone on cocaine relapse after abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:83-86. [PMID: 30784953 PMCID: PMC6440847 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use disorder is a significant public health problem and currently no medications are FDA-approved to reduce cocaine relapse. Drug-associated cues are reported to elicit craving and cocaine-seeking in humans. Repeated, non-reinforced presentations of drug-associated cues (cue extinction) have been proposed to reduce the ability of such cues to prompt drug-seeking. In rodent models of cocaine relapse, cue extinction reduces cocaine relapse when such extinction occurs in the same context as cocaine self-administration, which is not akin to the manner in which treatment would occur in humans. Here we sought to determine whether cue extinction outside of the cocaine self-administration context would reduce relapse in the drug context. We also hypothesized that ceftriaxone, an antibiotic consistently shown to attenuate cocaine relapse in rats, would enhance the relapse-preventing effects of cue extinction. METHODS Rats self-administered intravenous cocaine for 12 days followed by 20-21 days of abstinence. Immediately preceding the relapse test, rats either underwent 6 single daily cue extinction sessions (1 h/day) outside the self-administration context or no extinction with daily handling. Rats also received vehicle or ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg IP) on those six days. RESULTS Ceftriaxone attenuated cued relapse relative to vehicle-treated rats, but there was no additive effect of cue extinction on cocaine-seeking. Cue extinction alone did not attenuate relapse. CONCLUSIONS Thus, in agreement with work in humans, when cue extinction is conducted outside the drug-associated context it does not reduce the risk of relapse alone. Ceftriaxone remains a strong possibility for medication to reduce cocaine relapse in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Bechard
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603 USA
| | - Lori A. Knackstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603 USA
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Increased Alcohol-Drinking Induced by Manipulations of mGlu5 Phosphorylation within the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2745-2761. [PMID: 30737312 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1909-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is part of the limbic-hypothalamic system important for behavioral responses to stress, and glutamate transmission within this region has been implicated in the neurobiology of alcoholism. Herein, we used a combination of immunoblotting, neuropharmacological and transgenic procedures to investigate the role for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) signaling within the BNST in excessive drinking. We discovered that mGlu5 signaling in the BNST is linked to excessive alcohol consumption in a manner distinct from behavioral or neuropharmacological endophenotypes that have been previously implicated as triggers for heavy drinking. Our studies demonstrate that, in male mice, a history of chronic binge alcohol-drinking elevates BNST levels of the mGlu5-scaffolding protein Homer2 and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in an adaptive response to limit alcohol consumption. Male and female transgenic mice expressing a point mutation of mGlu5 that cannot be phosphorylated by ERK exhibit excessive alcohol-drinking, despite greater behavioral signs of alcohol intoxication and reduced anxiety, and are insensitive to local manipulations of signaling in the BNST. These transgenic mice also show selective insensitivity to alcohol-aversion and increased novelty-seeking, which may be relevant to excessive drinking. Further, the insensitivity to alcohol-aversion exhibited by male mice can be mimicked by the local inhibition of ERK signaling within the BNST. Our findings elucidate a novel mGluR5-linked signaling state within BNST that plays a central and unanticipated role in excessive alcohol consumption.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is part of the limbic-hypothalamic system important for behavioral responses to stress and alcohol, and glutamate transmission within BNST is implicated in the neurobiology of alcoholism. The present study provides evidence that a history of excessive alcohol drinking increases signaling through the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) receptor within the BNST in an adaptive response to limit alcohol consumption. In particular, disruption of mGlu5 phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase within this brain region induces excessive alcohol-drinking, which reflects a selective insensitivity to the aversive properties of alcohol intoxication. These data indicate that a specific signaling state of mGlu5 within BNST plays a central and unanticipated role in excessive alcohol consumption.
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Bechard AR, LaCrosse A, Namba MD, Jackson B, Knackstedt LA. Impairments in reversal learning following short access to cocaine self-administration. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 192:239-244. [PMID: 30278419 PMCID: PMC6200584 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use disorder is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking that persists long into abstinence. Work using rodent models of cocaine addiction has found evidence for reversal learning deficits 21 days after non-contingent cocaine administration and 60 days after self-administration. Here we sought to determine if a deficit in reversal learning is present 3-4 weeks after cessation of cocaine self-administration, when relapse to cocaine-seeking is robust. Conversely, we hypothesized that reversal learning training would protect against relapse, similar to other forms of environmental enrichment. METHODS Male rats underwent short access (ShA, 2 h/10d) or long access (LgA, 1 h/7d then 6 h/10d) cocaine self-administration, followed by 21-29 days of abstinence. During abstinence, a subset of rats underwent training in a plus-maze that required an egocentric strategy to earn a sucrose reward. Following response acquisition and retention, the ability to reverse the spatial navigation strategy was tested. RESULTS Total trials to criteria and total errors made did not differ between the groups during response acquisition, retention, or reversal. On the first reversal test, ShA rats performed better than LgA and control rats. ShA rats' performance worsened over time. There were no effects of cognitive training or length of cocaine access on context-primed relapse of cocaine-seeking. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that perhaps LgA cocaine self-administration does not produce adaptations to regions mediating context-primed relapse as it does for cocaine and cocaine-associated cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking. A time-dependent deficit in reversal learning was found only in ShA rats. Reversal learning training did not protect against cocaine relapse.
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Neuhofer D, Kalivas P. Metaplasticity at the addicted tetrapartite synapse: A common denominator of drug induced adaptations and potential treatment target for addiction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 154:97-111. [PMID: 29428364 PMCID: PMC6112115 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In light of the current worldwide addiction epidemic, the need for successful therapies is more urgent than ever. Although we made substantial progress in our basic understanding of addiction, reliable therapies are lacking. Since 40-60% of patients treated for substance use disorder return to active substance use within a year following treatment discharge, alleviating the vulnerability to relapse is regarded as the most promising avenue for addiction therapy. Preclinical addiction research often focuses on maladaptive synaptic plasticity within the reward pathway. However, drug induced neuroadaptations do not only lead to a strengthening of distinct drug associated cues and drug conditioned behaviors, but also seem to increase plasticity thresholds for environmental stimuli that are not associated with the drug. This form of higher order plasticity, or synaptic metaplasticity, is not expressed as a change in the efficacy of synaptic transmission but as a change in the direction or degree of plasticity induced by a distinct stimulation pattern. Experimental addiction research has demonstrated metaplasticity after exposure to multiple classes of addictive drugs. In this review we will focus on the concept of synaptic metaplasticity in the context of preclinical addiction research. We will take a closer look at the tetrapartite glutamatergic synapse and outline forms of metaplasticity that have been described at the addicted synapse. Finally we will discuss the different potential avenues for pharmacotherapies that target glutamatergic synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity. Here we will argue that aberrant metaplasticity renders the reward seeking circuitry more rigid and hence less able to adapt to changing environmental contingencies. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this metaplasticity is crucial for the development of new strategies for addiction therapy. The correction of drug-induced metaplasticity could be used to support behavioral and pharmacotherapies for the treatment of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Neuhofer
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| | - Peter Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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