1
|
King JW, Bennett ASW, Wood HM, Baker CC, Alsaadi H, Topley M, Vanner SA, Reed DE, Lomax AE. Expression and function of transient receptor potential melastatin 3 in the spinal afferent innervation of the mouse colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G176-G186. [PMID: 38084411 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00230.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal pain is a cardinal symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels contribute to abdominal pain in preclinical models of IBD, and TRP melastatin 3 (TRPM3) has recently been implicated in inflammatory bladder and joint pain in rodents. We hypothesized that TRPM3 is involved in colonic sensation and is sensitized during colitis. We used immunohistochemistry, ratiometric Ca2+ imaging, and colonic afferent nerve recordings in mice to evaluate TRPM3 protein expression in colon-projecting dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, as well as functional activity in DRG neurons and colonic afferent nerves. Colitis was induced using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. TRPM3 protein expression was observed in 76% of colon-projecting DRG neurons and was often colocalized with calcitonin gene-related peptide. The magnitudes of intracellular Ca2+ transients in DRG neurons in response to the TRPM3 agonists CIM-0216 and pregnenolone sulfate sodium were significantly greater in neurons from mice with colitis compared with controls. In addition, the percentage of DRG neurons from mice with colitis that responded to CIM-0216 was significantly increased. CIM-0216 also increased the firing rate of colonic afferent nerves from control and mice with colitis. The TRPM3 inhibitor isosakuranetin inhibited the mechanosensitive response to distension of wide dynamic range afferent nerve units from mice with colitis but had no effect in control mice. Thus, TRPM3 contributes to colonic sensory transduction and may be a potential target for treating pain in IBD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to characterize TRPM3 protein expression and function in colon-projecting DRG neurons. A TRPM3 agonist excited DRG neurons and colonic afferent nerves from healthy mice. TRPM3 agonist responses in DRG neurons were elevated during colitis. Inhibiting TRPM3 reduced the firing of wide dynamic range afferent nerves from mice with colitis but had no effect in control mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W King
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan S W Bennett
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah M Wood
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey C Baker
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanin Alsaadi
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Max Topley
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen A Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garofalo C, Cristiani CM, Ilari S, Passacatini LC, Malafoglia V, Viglietto G, Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Palma E, Tomino C, Raffaeli W, Mollace V, Muscoli C. Fibromyalgia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Interaction: A Possible Role for Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 37371796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a serious chronic pain syndrome, characterised by muscle and joint stiffness, insomnia, fatigue, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, depression and intestinal irritability. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) shares many of these symptoms, and FM and IBS frequently co-exist, which suggests a common aetiology for the two diseases. The exact physiopathological mechanisms underlying both FM and IBS onset are unknown. Researchers have investigated many possible causes, including alterations in gut microbiota, which contain billions of microorganisms in the human digestive tract. The gut-brain axis has been proven to be the link between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, which can then control the gut microbiota composition. In this review, we will discuss the similarities between FM and IBS. Particularly, we will focus our attention on symptomatology overlap between FM and IBS as well as the similarities in microbiota composition between FM and IBS patients. We will also briefly discuss the potential therapeutic approaches based on microbiota manipulations that are successfully used in IBS and could be employed also in FM patients to relieve pain, ameliorate the rehabilitation outcome, psychological distress and intestinal symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Garofalo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Costanza Maria Cristiani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Ilari
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Pain, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Carmela Passacatini
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - William Raffaeli
- Institute for Research on Pain, ISAL Foundation, Torre Pedrera, 47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin MY, Everett ES, Abd-Elsayed A. Microbiological and Physiological Effects of Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023; 27:165-173. [PMID: 37086365 PMCID: PMC10122082 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Pain is an important innate defense mechanism that can dramatically alter a person's quality of life. Understanding the microbiological and physiological effects of pain may be important in the pursuit of novel pain interventions. The three descriptors of pain recognized by the International Association for the Study of Pain are nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain. Our review examined the current understanding of all three pain types, focusing on the key molecules involved in the manifestation of each type as well as physiological effects. Additionally, we compared the differences in painful and painless neuropathies and discussed the neuroimmune interaction involved in the manifestation of pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Y Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erin S Everett
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chandrabalan A, Firth A, Litchfield RB, Appleton CT, Getgood A, Ramachandran R. Human osteoarthritis knee joint synovial fluids cleave and activate Proteinase-Activated Receptor (PAR) mediated signaling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1124. [PMID: 36670151 PMCID: PMC9859807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder with increasing worldwide incidence. Mechanistic insights into OA pathophysiology are evolving and there are currently no disease-modifying OA drugs. An increase in protease activity is linked to progressive degradation of the cartilage in OA. Proteases also trigger inflammation through a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called the Proteinase-Activated Receptors (PARs). PAR signaling can trigger pro-inflammatory responses and targeting PARs is proposed as a therapeutic approach in OA. Several enzymes can cleave the PAR N-terminus, but the endogenous protease activators of PARs in OA remain unclear. Here we characterized PAR activating enzymes in knee joint synovial fluids from OA patients and healthy donors using genetically encoded PAR biosensor expressing cells. Calcium signaling assays were performed to examine receptor activation. The class and type of enzymes cleaving the PARs was further characterized using protease inhibitors and fluorogenic substrates. We find that PAR1, PAR2 and PAR4 activating enzymes are present in knee joint synovial fluids from healthy controls and OA patients. Compared to healthy controls, PAR1 activating enzymes are elevated in OA synovial fluids while PAR4 activating enzyme levels are decreased. Using enzyme class and type selective inhibitors and fluorogenic substrates we find that multiple PAR activating enzymes are present in OA joint fluids and identify serine proteinases (thrombin and trypsin-like) and matrix metalloproteinases as the major classes of PAR activating enzymes in the OA synovial fluids. Synovial fluid driven increase in calcium signaling was significantly reduced in cells treated with PAR1 and PAR2 antagonists, but not in PAR4 antagonist treated cells. OA associated elevation of PAR1 cleavage suggests that targeting this receptor may be beneficial in the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arundhasa Chandrabalan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bone and Joint Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Andrew Firth
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Institute, Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert B Litchfield
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Institute, Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bone and Joint Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Bone and Joint Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Getgood
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Institute, Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bone and Joint Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Palma G, Reed DE, Bercik P. Diet-microbial cross-talk underlying increased visceral perception. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2166780. [PMID: 36656562 PMCID: PMC9858425 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2166780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity, a fundamental mechanism of chronic visceral pain disorders, can result from both central or peripheral factors, or their combination. As an important regulator of normal gut function, the gut microbiota has been implicated as a key peripheral factor in the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity. Patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, often present with abdominal pain secondary to adverse reactions to dietary components. As both long- and short-term diets are major determinants of gut microbiota configuration that can result in changes in microbial metabolic output, it is becoming increasingly recognized that diet-microbiota interactions play an important role in the genesis of visceral sensitivity. Changes in pain signaling may occur via diet-induced changes in secretion of mediators by both the microbiota and/or host cells. This review will examine the peripheral influence of diet-microbiota interactions underlying increased visceral sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E. Reed
- GI Diseases Research Unit, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,CONTACT Premysl Bercik Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caminero A, Guzman M, Libertucci J, Lomax AE. The emerging roles of bacterial proteases in intestinal diseases. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2181922. [PMID: 36843008 PMCID: PMC9980614 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2181922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that degrade peptide bonds and have been implicated in several common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Although luminal proteolytic activity is important for maintenance of homeostasis and health, the current review describes recent advances in our understanding of how overactivity of luminal proteases contributes to the pathophysiology of celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and GI infections. Luminal proteases, many of which are produced by the microbiota, can modulate the immunogenicity of dietary antigens, reduce mucosal barrier function and activate pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive host signaling. Increased proteolytic activity has been ascribed to both increases in protease production and decreases in inhibitors of luminal proteases. With the identification of strains of bacteria that are important sources of proteases and their inhibitors, the stage is set to develop drug or microbial therapies to restore protease balance and alleviate disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mabel Guzman
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josie Libertucci
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E. Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada,CONTACT Alan E. Lomax Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tuck CJ, Abu Omar A, De Palma G, Osman S, Jiménez-Vargas NN, Yu Y, Bennet SM, Lopez-Lopez C, Jaramillo-Polanco JO, Baker CC, Bennett AS, Guzman-Rodriguez M, Tsang Q, Alward T, Rolland S, Morissette C, Verdu EF, Bercik P, Vanner SJ, Lomax AE, Reed DE. Changes in signalling from faecal neuroactive metabolites following dietary modulation of IBS pain. Gut 2022; 72:gutjnl-2022-327260. [PMID: 36591617 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary therapies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have received increasing interest but predicting which patients will benefit remains a challenge due to a lack of mechanistic insight. We recently found evidence of a role for the microbiota in dietary modulation of pain signalling in a humanised mouse model of IBS. This randomised cross-over study aimed to test the hypothesis that pain relief following reduced consumption of fermentable carbohydrates is the result of changes in luminal neuroactive metabolites. DESIGN IBS (Rome IV) participants underwent four trial periods: two non-intervention periods, followed by a diet low (LFD) and high in fermentable carbohydrates for 3 weeks each. At the end of each period, participants completed questionnaires and provided stool. The effects of faecal supernatants (FS) collected before (IBS FS) and after a LFD (LFD FS) on nociceptive afferent neurons were assessed in mice using patch-clamp and ex vivo colonic afferent nerve recording techniques. RESULTS Total IBS symptom severity score and abdominal pain were reduced by the LFD (N=25; p<0.01). Excitability of neurons was increased in response to IBS FS, but this effect was reduced (p<0.01) with LFD FS from pain-responders. IBS FS from pain-responders increased mechanosensitivity of nociceptive afferent nerve axons (p<0.001), an effect lost following LFD FS administration (p=NS) or when IBS FS was administered in the presence of antagonists of histamine receptors or protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In a subset of IBS patients with improvement in abdominal pain following a LFD, there is a decrease in pronociceptive signalling from FS, suggesting that changes in luminal mediators may contribute to symptom response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Tuck
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amal Abu Omar
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samira Osman
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Mp Bennet
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cintya Lopez-Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Corey C Baker
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Sw Bennett
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Quentin Tsang
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Alward
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastien Rolland
- Department of Medicine, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Celine Morissette
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ustianowska K, Ustianowski Ł, Machaj F, Gorący A, Rosik J, Szostak B, Szostak J, Pawlik A. The Role of the Human Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13267. [PMID: 36362056 PMCID: PMC9659276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the gut microbiome's role in human physiology developed rapidly in recent years. Moreover, any alteration of this microenvironment could lead to a pathophysiological reaction of numerous organs. It results from the bidirectional communication of the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system, called the gut-brain axis. The signals in the gut-brain axis are mediated by immunological, hormonal, and neural pathways. However, it is also influenced by microorganisms in the gut. The disturbances in the gut-brain axis are associated with gastrointestinal syndromes, but recently their role in the development of different types of pain was reported. The gut microbiome could be the factor in the central sensitization of chronic pain by regulating microglia, astrocytes, and immune cells. Dysbiosis could lead to incorrect immune responses, resulting in the development of inflammatory pain such as endometriosis. Furthermore, chronic visceral pain, associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, could result from a disruption in the gut microenvironment. Any alteration in the gut-brain axis could also trigger migraine attacks by affecting cytokine expression. Understanding the gut microbiome's role in pain pathophysiology leads to the development of analgetic therapies targeting microorganisms. Probiotics, FODMAP diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation are reported to be beneficial in treating visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Ustianowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Independent Laboratory of Invasive Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu Y, Tsang QK, Jaramillo-Polanco J, Lomax AE, Vanner SJ, Reed DE. Cannabinoid 1 and mu-Opioid Receptor Agonists Synergistically Inhibit Abdominal Pain and Lack Side Effects in Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6313-6324. [PMID: 35790401 PMCID: PMC9398536 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0641-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While effective in treating abdominal pain, opioids have significant side effects. Recent legalization of cannabis will likely promote use of cannabinoids as an adjunct or alternative to opioids, despite a lack of evidence. We aimed to investigate whether cannabinoids inhibit mouse colonic nociception, alone or in combination with opioids at low doses. Experiments were performed on C57BL/6 male and female mice. Visceral nociception was evaluated by measuring visceromotor responses (VMR), afferent nerve mechanosensitivity in flat-sheet colon preparations, and excitability of isolated DRG neurons. Blood oxygen saturation, locomotion, and defecation were measured to evaluate side effects. An agonist of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), dose-dependently decreased VMR. ACEA and HU-210 (another CB1R agonist) also attenuated colonic afferent nerve mechanosensitivity. Additionally, HU-210 concentration-dependently decreased DRG neuron excitability, which was reversed by the CB1R antagonist AM-251. Conversely, cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) agonists did not attenuate VMR, afferent nerve mechanosensitivity, or DRG neuron excitability. Combination of subanalgesic doses of CB1R and µ-opioid receptor agonists decreased VMR; importantly, this analgesic effect was preserved after 6 d of twice daily treatment. This combination also attenuated afferent nerve mechanosensitivity and DRG neuron excitability, which was inhibited by neuronal nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase inhibitors. This combination avoided side effects (decreased oxygen saturation and colonic transit) caused by analgesic dose of morphine. Activation of CB1R, but not CB2R, decreased colonic nociception both alone and in synergy with µ-opioid receptor. Thus, CB1R agonists may enable opioid dose reduction and avoid opioid-related side effects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT One of the most cited needs for patients with abdominal pain are safe and effective treatment options. The effectiveness of opioids in the management of abdominal pain is undermined by severe adverse side effects. Therefore, strategies to replace opioids or reduce the doses of opioids to suppress abdominal pain is needed. This study in mice demonstrates that cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) agonists inhibit visceral sensation. Furthermore, a combination of subanalgesic doses of µ-opioid receptor agonist and CB1R agonist markedly reduce abdominal pain without causing the side effects of high-dose opioids. Thus, CB1R agonists, alone or in combination with low-dose opioids, may be a novel and safe treatment strategy for abdominal pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Quentin K Tsang
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Josue Jaramillo-Polanco
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Valdez-Morales EE, Sánchez-Navarro CA, Reyes-Pavón D, Barrios-Garcia T, Ochoa-Cortes F, Barajas-Espinosa A, Barragán-Iglesias P, Guerrero-Alba R. TNF-α enhances sensory DRG neuron excitability through modulation of P2X3 receptors in an acute colitis model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872760. [PMID: 36032155 PMCID: PMC9416886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that acute colonic inflammation leads to an increase in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal excitability. However, the signaling elements implicated in this hyperexcitability have yet to be fully unraveled. Extracellular adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) is a well-recognized sensory signaling molecule that enhances the nociceptive response after inflammation through activation of P2X3 receptors, which are expressed mainly by peripheral sensory neurons. The aim of this study is to continue investigating how P2X3 affects neuronal hypersensitivity in an acute colitis animal model. To achieve this, DNBS (Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; 200 mg/kg) was intrarectally administered to C57BL/6 mice, and inflammation severity was assessed according to the following parameters: weight loss, macroscopic and microscopic scores. Perforated patch clamp technique was used to evaluate neuronal excitability via measuring changes in rheobase and action potential firing in T8-L1 DRG neurons. A-317491, a well-established potent and selective P2X3 receptor antagonist, served to dissect their contribution to recorded responses. Protein expression of P2X3 receptors in DRG was evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Four days post-DNBS administration, colons were processed for histological analyses of ulceration, crypt morphology, goblet cell density, and immune cell infiltration. DRG neurons from DNBS-treated mice were significantly more excitable compared with controls; these changes correlated with increased P2X3 receptor expression. Furthermore, TNF-α mRNA expression was also significantly higher in inflamed colons compared to controls. Incubation of control DRG neurons with TNF-α resulted in similar cell hyperexcitability as measured in DNBS-derived neurons. The selective P2X3 receptor antagonist, A-317491, blocked the TNF-α-induced effect. These results support the hypothesis that TNF-α enhances colon-innervating DRG neuron excitability via modulation of P2X3 receptor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A. Sánchez-Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Diana Reyes-Pavón
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-Garcia
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Fernando Ochoa-Cortes
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Raquel Guerrero-Alba,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shute A, Bihan DG, Lewis IA, Nasser Y. Metabolomics: The Key to Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Visceral Pain Neurotransmission. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917197. [PMID: 35812241 PMCID: PMC9260117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing and remitting disease of the gastrointestinal tract, presenting with chronic inflammation, ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, and abdominal pain. Up to 80% of patients suffering from IBD experience acute pain, which dissipates when the underlying inflammation and tissue damage resolves. However, despite achieving endoscopic remission with no signs of ongoing intestinal inflammation or damage, 30–50% of IBD patients in remission experience chronic abdominal pain, suggesting altered sensory neuronal processing in this disorder. Furthermore, effective treatment for chronic pain is limited such that 5–25% of IBD outpatients are treated with narcotics, with associated morbidity and mortality. IBD patients commonly present with substantial alterations to the microbial community structure within the gastrointestinal tract, known as dysbiosis. The same is also true in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic disorder characterized by altered bowel habits and abdominal pain, in the absence of inflammation. An emerging body of literature suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in visceral hypersensitivity. Specific microbial metabolites have an intimate relationship with host receptors that are highly expressed on host cell and neurons, suggesting that microbial metabolites play a key role in visceral hypersensitivity. In this review, we will discuss the techniques used to analysis the metabolome, current potential metabolite targets for visceral hypersensitivity, and discuss the current literature that evaluates the role of the post-inflammatory microbiota and metabolites in visceral hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shute
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dominique G. Bihan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian A. Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Yasmin Nasser,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Making Sense of Quorum Sensing at the Intestinal Mucosal Interface. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111734. [PMID: 35681429 PMCID: PMC9179481 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome can produce metabolic products that exert diverse activities, including effects on the host. Short chain fatty acids and amino acid derivatives have been the focus of many studies, but given the high microbial density in the gastrointestinal tract, other bacterial products such as those released as part of quorum sensing are likely to play an important role for health and disease. In this review, we provide of an overview on quorum sensing (QS) in the gastrointestinal tract and summarise what is known regarding the role of QS molecules such as auto-inducing peptides (AIP) and acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) from commensal, probiotic, and pathogenic bacteria in intestinal health and disease. QS regulates the expression of numerous genes including biofilm formation, bacteriocin and toxin secretion, and metabolism. QS has also been shown to play an important role in the bacteria–host interaction. We conclude that the mechanisms of action of QS at the intestinal neuro–immune interface need to be further investigated.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee RH, Kawano T, Grover SP, Bharathi V, Martinez D, Cowley DO, Mackman N, Bergmeier W, Antoniak S. Genetic deletion of platelet PAR4 results in reduced thrombosis and impaired hemostatic plug stability. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:422-433. [PMID: 34689407 PMCID: PMC8792346 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) is expressed by a wide variety of cells, including megakaryocytes/platelets, immune cells, cardiomyocytes, and lung epithelial cells. It is the only functional thrombin receptor on murine platelets. A global deficiency of PAR4 is associated with impaired hemostasis and reduced thrombosis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to generate a mouse line with a megakaryocyte/platelet-specific deletion of PAR4 (PAR4fl/fl ;PF4Cre+ ) and use the mouse line to investigate the role of platelet PAR4 in hemostasis and thrombosis in mice. METHODS Platelets from PAR4fl/fl ;PF4Cre+ were characterized in vitro. Arterial and venous thrombosis was analyzed. Hemostatic plug formation was analyzed using a saphenous vein laser injury model in mice with global or megakaryocyte/platelet-specific deletion of PAR4 or wild-type mice treated with thrombin or glycoprotein VI (GPVI) inhibitors. RESULTS PAR4fl/fl ;PF4Cre+ platelets were unresponsive to thrombin or specific PAR4 stimulation but not to other agonists. PAR4-/- and PAR4fl/fl ;PF4Cre+ mice both exhibited a similar reduction in arterial thrombosis compared to their respective controls. More importantly, we show for the first time that platelet PAR4 is critical for venous thrombosis in mice. In addition, PAR4-/- mice and PAR4fl/fl ;PF4Cre+ mice exhibited a similar impairment in hemostatic plug stability in a saphenous vein laser injury model. Inhibition of thrombin in wild-type mice gave a similar phenotype. Combined PAR4 deficiency on platelets with GPVI inhibition did not impair hemostatic plug formation but further reduced plug stability. CONCLUSION We generated a novel PAR4fl/fl ;PF4Cre+ mouse line. We used this mouse line to show that PAR4 signaling in platelets is critical for arterial and venous thrombosis and hemostatic plug stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Lee
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kawano
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven P. Grover
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vanthana Bharathi
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Martinez
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dale O. Cowley
- UNC Animal Models Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gut microbiome effects on neuronal excitability & activity: Implications for epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 165:105629. [PMID: 35033659 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that the bacterial population of the gastrointestinal system, known as the gut microbiome, is capable of influencing the brain and its dependent functions. Links have been demonstrated between the microbiome and a variety of normal and pathological neural functions, including epilepsy. Many of these microbiome-brain links involve the direct or indirect modulation of the excitability and activity of individual neurons by the gut microbiome. Such links may be particularly significant when it comes to microbiome modulation of epilepsy, often considered a disorder of neuronal excitability. In this review we consider the current evidence of a relationship between the gut microbiome and the excitability or activity of neurons in the context of epilepsy. The review focuses particularly on evidence of direct, causal microbiome effects on neuronal excitability or activity, but also considers demonstrations of microbiome to host interactions that are likely to have an indirect influence. While we identify a few common themes, it is apparent that deriving general mechanistic principles of microbiome influence on these parameters in epilepsy will require considerable further study to tease out the many interacting factors, systems, and conditions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Montalbetti N, Dalghi MG, Bastacky SI, Clayton DR, Ruiz WG, Apodaca G, Carattino MD. Bladder infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli increases the excitability of afferent neurons. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F1-F13. [PMID: 34779263 PMCID: PMC8698541 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00167.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause bladder hyperactivity and pelvic pain, but the underlying causes of these symptoms remain unknown. We investigated whether afferent sensitization contributes to the bladder overactivity and pain observed in mice suffering from experimentally induced bacterial cystitis. Inoculation of mouse bladders with the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 caused pelvic allodynia, increased voiding frequency, and prompted an acute inflammatory process marked by leukocytic infiltration and edema of the mucosa. Compared with controls, isolated bladder sensory neurons from UTI-treated mice exhibited a depolarized resting membrane potential, lower action potential threshold and rheobase, and increased firing in response to suprathreshold stimulation. To determine whether bacterial virulence factors can contribute to the sensitization of bladder afferents, neurons isolated from naïve mice were incubated with supernatants collected from bacterial cultures with or depleted of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supernatants containing LPS prompted the sensitization of bladder sensory neurons with both tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant and TTX-sensitive action potentials. However, bladder sensory neurons with TTX-sensitive action potentials were not affected by bacterial supernatants depleted of LPS. Unexpectedly, ultrapure LPS increased the excitability only of bladder sensory neurons with TTX-resistant action potentials, but the supplementation of supernatants depleted of LPS with ultrapure LPS resulted in the sensitization of both population of bladder sensory neurons. In summary, the results of our study indicate that multiple virulence factors released from UTI89 act on bladder sensory neurons to prompt their sensitization. These sensitized bladder sensory neurons mediate, at least in part, the bladder hyperactivity and pelvic pain seen in mice inoculated with UTI89.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Urinary tract infection (UTI) produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) promotes sensitization of bladder afferent sensory neurons with tetrodotoxin-resistant and tetrodotoxin-sensitive action potentials. Lipopolysaccharide and other virulence factors produced by UPEC contribute to the sensitization of bladder afferents in UTI. In conclusion, sensitized afferents contribute to the voiding symptoms and pelvic pain present in mice bladder inoculated with UPEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marianela G Dalghi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis R Clayton
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wily G Ruiz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common occurrence associated with many different classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Gastrointestinal toxicity includes mucositis, diarrhea, and constipation, and can often be a dose-limiting complication, induce cessation of treatment and could be life threatening. The gastrointestinal epithelium is rich in rapidly dividing cells and hence is a prime target for chemotherapeutic drugs. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhea and mucositis, is extremely high for a wide array of chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens. In fact, 60%-100% of patients on high-dose chemotherapy suffer from gastrointestinal side effects. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited, and therapy is often restricted to palliative care. Therefore, there is a great unmet therapeutic need for preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities in the clinic. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and mucositis, and emerging mechanisms involving the enteric nervous system, smooth muscle cells and enteric immune cells. Recent evidence has also implicated gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of not only chemotherapy-induced mucositis and diarrhea, but also chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents results in post-translational modification of ion channels altering neuronal excitability. Thus, investigating how chemotherapy-induced changes in the gut- microbiome axis may lead to gut-related toxicities will be critical in the discovery of new drug targets for mitigating adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with chemotherapy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Karan H Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Donald K Jessup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stanley Cheatham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiang Q, Guo W, Tang X, Cui S, Zhang F, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Mao B, Chen W. Capsaicin—the spicy ingredient of chili peppers: A review of the gastrointestinal effects and mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
18
|
Neurotransmitter Profiles Are Altered in the Gut and Brain of Mice Mono-Associated with Bifidobacterium dentium. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081091. [PMID: 34439760 PMCID: PMC8392031 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota can synthesize neurotransmitters as well as impact host-derived neurotransmitter levels. In the past, it has been challenging to decipher which microbes influence neurotransmitters due to the complexity of the gut microbiota. Methods: To address whether a single microbe, Bifidobacterium dentium, could regulate important neurotransmitters, we examined Bifidobacteria genomes and explored neurotransmitter pathways in secreted cell-free supernatant using LC-MS/MS. To determine if B. dentium could impact neurotransmitters in vivo, we mono-associated germ-free mice with B. dentium ATCC 27678 and examined fecal and brain neurotransmitter concentrations. Results: We found that B. dentium possessed the enzymatic machinery to generate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from glutamate, glutamine, and succinate. Consistent with the genome analysis, we found that B. dentium secreted GABA in a fully defined microbial media and elevated fecal GABA in B. dentium mono-associated mice compared to germ-free controls. We also examined the tyrosine/dopamine pathway and found that B. dentium could synthesize tyrosine, but could not generate L-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, or epinephrine. In vivo, we found that B. dentium mono-associated mice had elevated levels of tyrosine in the feces and brain. Conclusions: These data indicate that B. dentium can contribute to in vivo neurotransmitter regulation.
Collapse
|
19
|
ATR regulates neuronal activity by modulating presynaptic firing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4067. [PMID: 34210973 PMCID: PMC8249387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein, as a key DNA damage response (DDR) regulator, plays an essential function in response to replication stress and controls cell viability. Hypomorphic mutations of ATR cause the human ATR-Seckel syndrome, characterized by microcephaly and intellectual disability, which however suggests a yet unknown role for ATR in non-dividing cells. Here we show that ATR deletion in postmitotic neurons does not compromise brain development and formation; rather it enhances intrinsic neuronal activity resulting in aberrant firing and an increased epileptiform activity, which increases the susceptibility of ataxia and epilepsy in mice. ATR deleted neurons exhibit hyper-excitability, associated with changes in action potential conformation and presynaptic vesicle accumulation, independent of DDR signaling. Mechanistically, ATR interacts with synaptotagmin 2 (SYT2) and, without ATR, SYT2 is highly upregulated and aberrantly translocated to excitatory neurons in the hippocampus, thereby conferring a hyper-excitability. This study identifies a physiological function of ATR, beyond its DDR role, in regulating neuronal activity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Holland AM, Bon-Frauches AC, Keszthelyi D, Melotte V, Boesmans W. The enteric nervous system in gastrointestinal disease etiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4713-4733. [PMID: 33770200 PMCID: PMC8195951 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly conserved but convoluted network of neurons and glial cells, the enteric nervous system (ENS), is positioned along the wall of the gut to coordinate digestive processes and gastrointestinal homeostasis. Because ENS components are in charge of the autonomous regulation of gut function, it is inevitable that their dysfunction is central to the pathophysiology and symptom generation of gastrointestinal disease. While for neurodevelopmental disorders such as Hirschsprung, ENS pathogenesis appears to be clear-cut, the role for impaired ENS activity in the etiology of other gastrointestinal disorders is less established and is often deemed secondary to other insults like intestinal inflammation. However, mounting experimental evidence in recent years indicates that gastrointestinal homeostasis hinges on multifaceted connections between the ENS, and other cellular networks such as the intestinal epithelium, the immune system, and the intestinal microbiome. Derangement of these interactions could underlie gastrointestinal disease onset and elicit variable degrees of abnormal gut function, pinpointing, perhaps unexpectedly, the ENS as a diligent participant in idiopathic but also in inflammatory and cancerous diseases of the gut. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence on the role of the ENS in the pathogenesis of enteric neuropathies, disorders of gut-brain interaction, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Marie Holland
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ana Carina Bon-Frauches
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM-School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Werend Boesmans
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lagomarsino VN, Kostic AD, Chiu IM. Mechanisms of microbial-neuronal interactions in pain and nociception. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2020; 9:100056. [PMID: 33392418 PMCID: PMC7772816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of how microorganisms communicate with sensory afferent neurons. How pathogenic microorganisms directly communicate with nociceptor neurons to inflict pain on the host. Symbiotic bacterial communication with gut-extrinsic sensory afferent neurons. Plausible roles on how gut symbionts directly mediate pain and nociception.
Nociceptor sensory neurons innervate barrier tissues that are constantly exposed to microbial stimuli. During infection, pathogenic microorganisms can breach barrier surfaces and produce pain by directly activating nociceptors. Microorganisms that live in symbiotic relationships with their hosts, commensals and mutualists, have also been associated with pain, but the molecular mechanisms of how symbionts act on nociceptor neurons to modulate pain remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the known molecular mechanisms of how microbes directly interact with sensory afferent neurons affecting nociception in the gut, skin and lungs. We will touch on how bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens signal to the host to inflict or suppress pain. We will also discuss recent studies examining how gut symbionts affect pain. Specifically, we will discuss how gut symbionts may interact with sensory afferent neurons either directly, through secretion of metabolites or neurotransmitters, or indirectly,through first signaling to epithelial cells or immune cells, to regulate visceral, neuropathic and inflammatory pain. While this area of research is still in its infancy, more mechanistic studies to examine microbial-sensory neuron crosstalk in nociception may allow us to develop new therapies for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Uhlig F, Grundy L, Garcia-Caraballo S, Brierley SM, Foster SJ, Grundy D. Identification of a Quorum Sensing-Dependent Communication Pathway Mediating Bacteria-Gut-Brain Cross Talk. iScience 2020; 23:101695. [PMID: 33163947 PMCID: PMC7607502 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recently established contributions of the intestinal microbiome to human health and disease, our understanding of bacteria-host communication pathways with regard to the gut-brain axis remains limited. Here we provide evidence that intestinal neurons are able to "sense" bacteria independently of the host immune system. Using supernatants from cultures of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) we demonstrate the release of mediators with neuromodulatory properties at high population density. These mediators induced a biphasic response in extrinsic sensory afferent nerves, increased membrane permeability in cultured sensory neurons, and altered intestinal motility and secretion. Genetic manipulation of S. aureus revealed two key quorum sensing-regulated classes of pore forming toxins that mediate excitation and inhibition of extrinsic sensory nerves, respectively. As such, bacterial mediators have the potential to directly modulate gut-brain communication to influence intestinal symptoms and reflex function in vivo, contributing to homeostatic, behavioral, and sensory consequences of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Uhlig
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia-Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon J. Foster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Grundy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Esquerre N, Basso L, Defaye M, Vicentini FA, Cluny N, Bihan D, Hirota SA, Schick A, Jijon HB, Lewis IA, Geuking MB, Sharkey KA, Altier C, Nasser Y. Colitis-Induced Microbial Perturbation Promotes Postinflammatory Visceral Hypersensitivity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:225-244. [PMID: 32289500 PMCID: PMC7301239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite achieving endoscopic remission, more than 20% of inflammatory bowel disease patients experience chronic abdominal pain. These patients have increased rectal transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor (TRPV1) expression, a key transducer of inflammatory pain. Because inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission exhibit dysbiosis and microbial manipulation alters TRPV1 function, our goal was to examine whether microbial perturbation modulated transient receptor potential function in a mouse model. METHODS Mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis and were allowed to recover. The microbiome was perturbed by using antibiotics as well as fecal microbial transplant (FMT). Visceral and somatic sensitivity were assessed by recording visceromotor responses to colorectal distention and using hot plate/automated Von Frey tests, respectively. Calcium imaging of isolated dorsal root ganglia neurons was used as an in vitro correlate of nociception. The microbiome composition was evaluated via 16S rRNA gene variable region V4 amplicon sequencing, whereas fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed by using targeted mass spectrometry. RESULTS Postinflammatory DSS mice developed visceral and somatic hyperalgesia. Antibiotic administration during DSS recovery induced visceral, but not somatic, hyperalgesia independent of inflammation. FMT of postinflammatory DSS stool into antibiotic-treated mice increased visceral hypersensitivity, whereas FMT of control stool reversed antibiotics' sensitizing effects. Postinflammatory mice exhibited both increased SCFA-producing species and fecal acetate/butyrate content compared with controls. Capsaicin-evoked calcium responses were increased in naive dorsal root ganglion neurons incubated with both sodium butyrate/propionate alone and with colonic supernatants derived from postinflammatory mice. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome plays a central role in postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. Microbial-derived SCFAs can sensitize nociceptive neurons and may contribute to the pathogenesis of postinflammatory visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Esquerre
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Lilian Basso
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Nina Cluny
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | | | - Simon A Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Humberto B Jijon
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Microbiology, Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Christophe Altier
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pradhananga S, Tashtush AA, Allen-Vercoe E, Petrof EO, Lomax AE. Protease-dependent excitation of nodose ganglion neurons by commensal gut bacteria. J Physiol 2020; 598:2137-2151. [PMID: 32134496 DOI: 10.1113/jp279075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The vagus nerve has been implicated in mediating behavioural effects of the gut microbiota on the central nervous system. This study examined whether the secretory products of commensal gut bacteria can modulate the excitability of vagal afferent neurons with cell bodies in nodose ganglia. Cysteine proteases from commensal bacteria increased the excitability of vagal afferent neurons via activation of protease-activated receptor 2 and modulation of the voltage dependence of Na+ conductance activation. Lipopolysaccharide, a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, increased the excitability of nodose ganglia neurons via TLR4-dependent activation of nuclear factor kappa B. Our study identified potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences the activity of vagal afferent pathways, which may in turn impact on autonomic reflexes and behaviour. ABSTRACT Behavioural studies have implicated vagal afferent neurons as an important component of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms underlying the ability of the gut microbiota to affect vagal afferent pathways are unclear. We examined the effect of supernatant from a community of 33 commensal gastrointestinal bacterial derived from a healthy human donor (microbial ecosystem therapeutics; MET-1) on the excitability of mouse vagal afferent neurons. Perforated patch clamp electrophysiology was used to measure the excitability of dissociated nodose ganglion (NG) neurons. NG neuronal excitability was assayed by measuring the amount of current required to elicit an action potential, the rheobase. MET-1 supernatant increased the excitability of NG neurons by hyperpolarizing the voltage dependence of activation of Na+ conductance. The increase in excitability elicited by MET-1 supernatant was blocked by the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 (30 nm). The protease activated receptor-2 (PAR2 ) antagonist (GB 83, 10 μm) also blocked the effect of MET-1 supernatant on NG neurons. Supernatant from Lactobacillus paracasei 6MRS, a component of MET-1, recapitulated the effect of MET-1 supernatant on NG neurons. Lastly, we compared the effects of MET-1 supernatant and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli 05:B5 on NG neuron excitability. LPS increased the excitability of NG neurons in a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 )-dependent and PAR2 -independent manner, whereas the excitatory effects of MET-1 supernatant were independent of TLR4 activation. Together, our findings suggest that cysteine proteases from commensal bacteria increase the excitability of vagal afferent neurons by the activation of PAR2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabindra Pradhananga
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit (GIDRU), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L2V7, Canada
| | - Ayssar A Tashtush
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit (GIDRU), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L2V7, Canada
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Elaine O Petrof
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit (GIDRU), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L2V7, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit (GIDRU), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L2V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Q, Qin L, Li J. Enhancement by TNF-α of TTX-resistant Na V current in muscle sensory neurons after femoral artery occlusion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R772-R780. [PMID: 32101460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00338.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Femoral artery occlusion in rats has been used to study human peripheral artery disease (PAD). Using this animal model, a recent study suggests that increases in levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its receptor lead to exaggerated responses of sympathetic nervous activity and arterial blood pressure as metabolically sensitive muscle afferents are activated. Note that voltage-dependent Na+ subtype NaV1.8 channels (NaV1.8) are predominately present in chemically sensitive thin fiber sensory nerves. The purpose of this study was to examine the role played by TNF-α in regulating activity of NaV1.8 currents in muscle dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with PAD induced by femoral artery occlusion. DRG neurons from control and occluded limbs of rats were labeled by injecting the fluorescent tracer DiI into the hindlimb muscles 5 days before the experiments. A voltage patch-clamp mode was used to examine TTX-resistant (TTX-R) NaV currents. Results were as follows: 72 h of femoral artery occlusion increased peak amplitude of TTX-R [1,922 ± 139 pA in occlusion (n = 11 DRG neurons) vs. 1,178 ± 39 pA in control (n = 10), means ± SE; P < 0.001 between the 2 groups] and NaV1.8 currents [1,461 ± 116 pA in occlusion (n = 11) and 766 ± 48 pA in control (n = 10); P < 0.001 between groups] in muscle DRG neurons. TNF-α exposure amplified TTX-R and NaV1.8 currents in DRG neurons of occluded muscles in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the amplification of TTX-R and NaV1.8 currents induced by TNF-α was attenuated in DRG neurons with preincubation with respective inhibitors of the intracellular signaling pathways p38-MAPK, JNK, and ERK. In conclusion, our data suggest that NaV1.8 is engaged in the role of TNF-α in amplifying muscle afferent inputs as the hindlimb muscles are ischemic; p38-MAPK, JNK, and ERK pathways are likely necessary to mediate the effects of TNF-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Lu Qin
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianhua Li
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davies AJ, Rinaldi S, Costigan M, Oh SB. Cytotoxic Immunity in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Pain. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:142. [PMID: 32153361 PMCID: PMC7047751 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity and consequent cell death pathways are a critical component of the immune response to infection, disease or injury. While numerous examples of inflammation causing neuronal sensitization and pain have been described, there is a growing appreciation of the role of cytotoxic immunity in response to painful nerve injury. In this review we highlight the functions of cytotoxic immune effector cells, focusing in particular on natural killer (NK) cells, and describe the consequent action of these cells in the injured nerve as well as other chronic pain conditions and peripheral neuropathies. We describe how targeted delivery of cytotoxic factors via the immune synapse operates alongside Wallerian degeneration to allow local axon degeneration in the absence of cell death and is well-placed to support the restoration of homeostasis within the nerve. We also summarize the evidence for the expression of endogenous ligands and receptors on injured nerve targets and infiltrating immune cells that facilitate direct neuro-immune interactions, as well as modulation of the surrounding immune milieu. A number of chronic pain and peripheral neuropathies appear comorbid with a loss of function of cellular cytotoxicity suggesting such mechanisms may actually help to resolve neuropathic pain. Thus while the immune response to peripheral nerve injury is a major driver of maladaptive pain, it is simultaneously capable of directing resolution of injury in part through the pathways of cellular cytotoxicity. Our growing knowledge in tuning immune function away from inflammation toward recovery from nerve injury therefore holds promise for interventions aimed at preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Davies
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rinaldi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Costigan
- Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bowers SJ, Vargas F, González A, He S, Jiang P, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Wright KP, Lowry CA, Fleshner M, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW. Repeated sleep disruption in mice leads to persistent shifts in the fecal microbiome and metabolome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229001. [PMID: 32078624 PMCID: PMC7032712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been established in recent years that the gut microbiome plays a role in health and disease, potentially via alterations in metabolites that influence host physiology. Although sleep disruption and gut dysbiosis have been associated with many of the same diseases, studies investigating the gut microbiome in the context of sleep disruption have yielded inconsistent results, and have not assessed the fecal metabolome. We exposed mice to five days of sleep disruption followed by four days of ad libitum recovery sleep, and assessed the fecal microbiome and fecal metabolome at multiple timepoints using 16S rRNA gene amplicons and untargeted LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry. We found global shifts in both the microbiome and metabolome in the sleep-disrupted group on the second day of recovery sleep, when most sleep parameters had recovered to baseline levels. We observed an increase in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, along with decreases in the genus Lactobacillus, phylum Actinobacteria, and genus Bifidobacterium in sleep-disrupted mice compared to control mice. The latter two taxa remained low at the fourth day post-sleep disruption. We also identified multiple classes of fecal metabolites that were differentially abundant in sleep-disrupted mice, some of which are physiologically relevant and commonly influenced by the microbiome. This included bile acids, and inference of microbial functional gene content suggested reduced levels of the microbial bile salt hydrolase gene in sleep-disrupted mice. Overall, this study adds to the evidence base linking disrupted sleep to the gut microbiome and expands it to the fecal metabolome, identifying sleep disruption-sensitive bacterial taxa and classes of metabolites that may serve as therapeutic targets to improve health after poor sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Bowers
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando Vargas
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Antonio González
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shannon He
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peng Jiang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Martha H. Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fred W. Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Edogawa S, Edwinson AL, Peters SA, Chikkamenahalli LL, Sundt WJ, Graves S, Gurunathan SV, Breen-Lyles MK, Johnson S, Dyer RB, Graham RP, Chen J, Kashyap P, Farrugia G, Grover M. Serine proteases as luminal mediators of intestinal barrier dysfunction and symptom severity in IBS. Gut 2020; 69:62-73. [PMID: 30923071 PMCID: PMC6765451 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal lumen contains several proteases. Our aim was to determine the role of faecal proteases in mediating barrier dysfunction and symptoms in IBS. DESIGN 39 patients with IBS and 25 healthy volunteers completed questionnaires, assessments of in vivo permeability, ex vivo colonic barrier function in Ussing chambers, tight junction (TJ) proteins, ultrastructural morphology and 16 s sequencing of faecal microbiota rRNA. A casein-based assay was used to measure proteolytic activity (PA) in faecal supernatants (FSNs). Colonic barrier function was determined in mice (ex-germ free) humanised with microbial communities associated with different human PA states. RESULTS Patients with IBS had higher faecal PA than healthy volunteers. 8/20 postinfection IBS (PI-IBS) and 3/19 constipation- predominant IBS had high PA (>95th percentile). High-PA patients had more and looser bowel movements, greater symptom severity and higher in vivo and ex vivo colonic permeability. High-PA FSNs increased paracellular permeability, decreased occludin and increased phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) expression. Serine but not cysteine protease inhibitor significantly blocked high-PA FSN effects on barrier. The effects on barrier were diminished by pharmacological or siRNA inhibition of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). Patients with high-PA IBS had lower occludin expression, wider TJs on biopsies and reduced microbial diversity than patients with low PA. Mice humanised with high-PA IBS microbiota had greater in vivo permeability than those with low-PA microbiota. CONCLUSION A subset of patients with IBS, especially in PI-IBS, has substantially high faecal PA, greater symptoms, impaired barrier and reduced microbial diversity. Commensal microbiota affects luminal PA that can influence host barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Edogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adam L Edwinson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephanie A Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Wendy J Sundt
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara Graves
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roy B Dyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rondell P. Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Correspondence: Madhusudan Grover, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Tel: 507-284-2478, Fax: 507-266-0350,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nijs J, Elma Ö, Yilmaz ST, Mullie P, Vanderweeën L, Clarys P, Deliens T, Coppieters I, Weltens N, Van Oudenhove L, Malfliet A. Nutritional neurobiology and central nervous system sensitisation: missing link in a comprehensive treatment for chronic pain? Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:539-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
30
|
Microbiota: a novel regulator of pain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:445-465. [PMID: 31552496 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the various regulators of the nervous system, the gut microbiota has been recently described to have the potential to modulate neuronal cells activation. While bacteria-derived products can induce aversive responses and influence pain perception, recent work suggests that "abnormal" microbiota is associated with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we review how the gut microbiota modulates afferent sensory neurons function and pain, highlighting the role of the microbiota/gut/brain axis in the control of behaviors and neurological diseases. We outline the changes in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, and their influence on painful gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, both direct host/microbiota interaction that implicates activation of "pain-sensing" neurons by metabolites, or indirect communication via immune activation is discussed. Finally, treatment options targeting the gut microbiota, including pre- or probiotics, will be proposed. Further studies on microbiota/nervous system interaction should lead to the identification of novel microbial ligands and host receptor-targeted drugs, which could ultimately improve chronic pain management and well-being.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pain regulation by gut microbiota: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:637-654. [PMID: 31551115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain, has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral pain, whereas recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota may also play a critical role in many other types of chronic pain, including inflammatory pain, headache, neuropathic pain, and opioid tolerance. We present a narrative review of the current understanding on the role of gut microbiota in pain regulation and discuss the possibility of targeting gut microbiota for the management of chronic pain. Numerous signalling molecules derived from gut microbiota, such as by-products of microbiota, metabolites, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, act on their receptors and remarkably regulate the peripheral and central sensitisation, which in turn mediate the development of chronic pain. Gut microbiota-derived mediators serve as critical modulators for the induction of peripheral sensitisation, directly or indirectly regulating the excitability of primary nociceptive neurones. In the central nervous system, gut microbiota-derived mediators may regulate neuroinflammation, which involves the activation of cells in the blood-brain barrier, microglia, and infiltrating immune cells, to modulate induction and maintenance of central sensitisation. Thus, we propose that gut microbiota regulates pain in the peripheral and central nervous system, and targeting gut microbiota by diet and pharmabiotic intervention may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the management of chronic pain.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lomax AE, Pradhananga S, Sessenwein JL, O'Malley D. Bacterial modulation of visceral sensation: mediators and mechanisms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G363-G372. [PMID: 31290688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00052.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential role of the intestinal microbiota in modulating visceral pain has received increasing attention during recent years. This has led to the identification of signaling pathways that have been implicated in communication between gut bacteria and peripheral pain pathways. In addition to the well-characterized impact of the microbiota on the immune system, which in turn affects nociceptor excitability, bacteria can modulate visceral afferent pathways by effects on enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and the neurons themselves. Proteases produced by bacteria, or by host cells in response to bacteria, can increase or decrease the excitability of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons depending on the receptor activated. Short-chain fatty acids generated by colonic bacteria are involved in gut-brain communication, and intracolonic short-chain fatty acids have pronociceptive effects in rodents but may be antinociceptive in humans. Gut bacteria modulate the synthesis and release of enteroendocrine cell mediators, including serotonin and glucagon-like peptide-1, which activate extrinsic afferent neurons. Deciphering the complex interactions between visceral afferent neurons and the gut microbiota may lead to the development of improved probiotic therapies for visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabindra Pradhananga
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L Sessenwein
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dervla O'Malley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu Y, Villalobos-Hernandez EC, Pradhananga S, Baker CC, Keating C, Grundy D, Lomax AE, Reed DE. Deoxycholic acid activates colonic afferent nerves via 5-HT 3 receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G275-G284. [PMID: 31216174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00016.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased bile acids in the colon can evoke increased epithelial secretion resulting in diarrhea, but little is known about whether colonic bile acids contribute to abdominal pain. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying activation of colonic extrinsic afferent nerves and their neuronal cell bodies by a major secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA). All experiments were performed on male C57BL/6 mice. Afferent sensitivity was evaluated using in vitro extracellular recordings from mesenteric nerves in the proximal colon (innervated by vagal and spinal afferents) and distal colon (spinal afferents only). Neuronal excitability of cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and nodose ganglion (NG) neurons was examined with perforated patch clamp. Colonic 5-HT release was assessed using ELISA, and 5-HT immunoreactive enterochromaffin (EC) cells were quantified. Intraluminal DCA increased afferent nerve firing rate concentration dependently in both proximal and distal colon. This DCA-elicited increase was significantly inhibited by a 5-HT3 antagonist in the proximal colon but not in the distal colon, which may be in part due to lower 5-HT immunoreactive EC cell density and lower 5-HT levels in the distal colon following DCA stimulation. DCA increased the excitability of DRG neurons, whereas it decreased the excitability of NG neurons. DCA potentiated mechanosensitivity of high-threshold spinal afferents independent of 5-HT release. Together, this study suggests that DCA can excite colonic afferents via direct and indirect mechanisms but the predominant mechanism may differ between vagal and spinal afferents. Furthermore, DCA increased mechanosensitivity of high-threshold spinal afferents and may be a mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Deoxycholic acid (DCA) directly excites spinal afferents and, to a lesser extent, indirectly via mucosal 5-HT release. DCA potentiates mechanosensitivity of high-threshold spinal afferents independent of 5-HT release. DCA increases vagal afferent firing in proximal colon via 5-HT release but directly inhibits the excitability of their cell bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sabindra Pradhananga
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey C Baker
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Keating
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David Grundy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Meleine M, Accarie A, Wauters L, Toth J, Gourcerol G, Tack J, Farré R, Vanuytsel T. Colonic hypersensitivity and low-grade inflammation in a spontaneous animal model for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13614. [PMID: 31069897 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex interplay between a failing intestinal barrier and low-grade inflammation leading to sensorimotor disturbances is an often-cited mechanism in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). However, the cause-consequence relationship between these features has not been clearly established. We previously described jejunal alterations in the normoglycemic BB-rat (BBDP-N) model proposing this model as a suitable animal model to study FGID pathophysiology. The current study explores colonic permeability, inflammation, and sensitivity of the BB-rat. METHODS Colonic tissue of BBDP-N and control (BBDR) rats at 50, 90, 110, 160, and 220 days (n ≥ 7 per group) was used to assess intestinal permeability in Ussing chambers and inflammation, including infiltration by eosinophils, mast cells, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity. Anxiety-like symptoms were evaluated at 50, 90, and 220 days and colonic sensitivity at 160 and 220 days by measuring the visceromotor response (VMR) to isobaric colorectal distensions. KEYS RESULTS Lamina propria eosinophil and mast cell infiltration and increased EPO activity were demonstrated from 90 days onward. Increased permeability and myenteric ganglionitis were observed in the oldest BBDP-N rats. At 220 days, the VMR was significantly increased suggesting colonic hypersensitivity. At the same age, increased anxiety-like behavior was observed. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES We demonstrated a lamina propria eosinophil and mast cell infiltration preceding visceral hypersensitivity in the colon of the BBDP-N rat, reminiscent of patients with FGID. These findings help elucidating pathogenetic pathways in FGID and further validate the BBDP-N rat as an attractive model to study pathophysiology and therapy of FGID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Meleine
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Inserm UMR 1073, Institute for Innovation and Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Alison Accarie
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Wauters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joran Toth
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Gourcerol
- Inserm UMR 1073, Institute for Innovation and Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farré
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Most of us live blissfully unaware of the orchestrated function that our internal organs conduct. When this peace is interrupted, it is often by routine sensations of hunger and urge. However, for >20% of the global population, chronic visceral pain is an unpleasant and often excruciating reminder of the existence of our internal organs. In many cases, there is no obvious underlying pathological cause of the pain. Accordingly, chronic visceral pain is debilitating, reduces the quality of life of sufferers, and has large concomitant socioeconomic costs. In this review, we highlight key mechanisms underlying chronic abdominal and pelvic pain associated with functional and inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. This includes how the colon and bladder are innervated by specialized subclasses of spinal afferents, how these afferents become sensitized in highly dynamic signaling environments, and the subsequent development of neuroplasticity within visceral pain pathways. We also highlight key contributing factors, including alterations in commensal bacteria, altered mucosal permeability, epithelial interactions with afferent nerves, alterations in immune or stress responses, and cross talk between these two adjacent organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; .,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Andelain Erickson
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; .,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; .,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gofrit SG, Shavit-Stein E. The neuro-glial coagulonome: the thrombin receptor and coagulation pathways as major players in neurological diseases. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2043-2053. [PMID: 31397331 PMCID: PMC6788244 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuro-glial interface extends far beyond mechanical support alone and includes interactions through coagulation cascade proteins. Here, we systematically review the evidence indicating that synaptic and node of Ranvier glia cell components modulate synaptic transmission and axonal conduction by a coagulation cascade protein system, leading us to propose the concept of the neuro-glial coagulonome. In the peripheral nervous system, the main thrombin receptor protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is located on the Schwann microvilli at the node of Ranvier and at the neuromuscular junction. PAR1 activation effects can be both neuroprotective or harmful, depending on thrombin activity levels. Low physiological levels of thrombin induce neuroprotective effects in the Schwann cells which are mediated by the endothelial protein C receptor. High levels of thrombin induce conduction deficits, as found in experimental autoimmune neuritis, the animal model for Guillaine-Barre syndrome. In the central nervous system, PAR1 is located on the peri-synaptic astrocyte end-feet. Its activation by high thrombin levels is involved in the pathology of primary inflammatory brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis, as well as in other central nervous system insults, including trauma, neoplasms, epilepsy and vascular injury. Following activation of PAR1 by high thrombin levels the seizure threshold is lowered. On the other hand, PAR1 activation by lower levels of thrombin in the central nervous system protects against a future ischemic insult. This review presents the known structure and function of the neuro-glial coagulonome, focusing on coagulation, thrombin and PAR1 in a pathway which may be either physiological (neuroprotective) or detrimental in peripheral nervous system and central nervous system diseases. Understanding the neuro-glial coagulonome may open opportunities for novel pharmacological interventions in neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shany G Gofrit
- Department of Neurology and Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology and Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|