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Mukherjee S, Poudyal M, Dave K, Kadu P, Maji SK. Protein misfolding and amyloid nucleation through liquid-liquid phase separation. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4976-5013. [PMID: 38597222 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an emerging phenomenon in cell physiology and diseases. The weak multivalent interaction prerequisite for LLPS is believed to be facilitated through intrinsically disordered regions, which are prevalent in neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins. These aggregation-prone proteins also exhibit an inherent property for phase separation, resulting in protein-rich liquid-like droplets. The very high local protein concentration in the water-deficient confined microenvironment not only drives the viscoelastic transition from the liquid to solid-like state but also most often nucleate amyloid fibril formation. Indeed, protein misfolding, oligomerization, and amyloid aggregation are observed to be initiated from the LLPS of various neurodegeneration-related proteins. Moreover, in these cases, neurodegeneration-promoting genetic and environmental factors play a direct role in amyloid aggregation preceded by the phase separation. These cumulative recent observations ignite the possibility of LLPS being a prominent nucleation mechanism associated with aberrant protein aggregation. The present review elaborates on the nucleation mechanism of the amyloid aggregation pathway and the possible early molecular events associated with amyloid-related protein phase separation. It also summarizes the recent advancement in understanding the aberrant phase transition of major proteins contributing to neurodegeneration focusing on the common disease-associated factors. Overall, this review proposes a generic LLPS-mediated multistep nucleation mechanism for amyloid aggregation and its implication in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Manisha Poudyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Kritika Dave
- Sunita Sanghi Centre of Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
- Sunita Sanghi Centre of Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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2
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Prasanth MI, Sivamaruthi BS, Cheong CSY, Verma K, Tencomnao T, Brimson JM, Prasansuklab A. Role of Epigenetic Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Phytochemical Interventions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:606. [PMID: 38790711 PMCID: PMC11118909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that alterations in the gene expression did not always originate from changes in the genetic sequence, which has led to understanding the role of epigenetics in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Epigenetic alterations contribute to the aberrant expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. Natural phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against NDDs because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models. For instance, resveratrol (grapes), curcumin (turmeric), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea) exhibit neuroprotective effects through their influence on DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA expression profiles. Phytochemicals also aid in slowing disease progression, preserving neuronal function, and enhancing cognitive and motor abilities. The present review focuses on various epigenetic modifications involved in the pathology of NDDs, including AD and PD, gene expression regulation related to epigenetic alterations, and the role of specific polyphenols in influencing epigenetic modifications in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Clerance Su Yee Cheong
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanika Verma
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - James Michael Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Research, Innovation and International Affairs, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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3
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Frieg B, Han M, Giller K, Dienemann C, Riedel D, Becker S, Andreas LB, Griesinger C, Schröder GF. Cryo-EM structures of lipidic fibrils of amyloid-β (1-40). Nat Commun 2024; 15:1297. [PMID: 38351005 PMCID: PMC10864299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid plaques. Investigation into the composition of these plaques revealed a high amount of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils and a high concentration of lipids, suggesting that fibril-lipid interactions may also be relevant for the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, we grew Aβ40 fibrils in the presence of lipid vesicles and determined their structure by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to high resolution. The fold of the major polymorph is similar to the structure of brain-seeded fibrils reported previously. The majority of the lipids are bound to the fibrils, as we show by cryo-EM and NMR spectroscopy. This apparent lipid extraction from vesicles observed here in vitro provides structural insights into potentially disease-relevant fibril-lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Frieg
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mookyoung Han
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Giller
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Dienemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Loren B Andreas
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Physics Department, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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4
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Plekratoke K, Boonyarat C, Monthakantirat O, Nualkaew N, Wangboonskul J, Awale S, Chulikhit Y, Daodee S, Khamphukdee C, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Waiwut P. The Effect of Ethanol Extract from Mesua ferrea Linn Flower on Alzheimer's Disease and Its Underlying Mechanism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4063-4079. [PMID: 37232728 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Mesua ferrea Linn flower (MFE) extract on the pathogenic cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were determined by an in vitro and cell culture model in the search for a potential candidate for the treatment of AD. The 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay exhibited that the MFE extract had antioxidant activities. According to the Ellman and the thioflavin T method's result, the extracts could inhibit acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. Studies on neuroprotection in cell culture found that the MFE extract could reduce the death of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) caused by H2O2 and Aβ. Western blot analysis exhibited that the MFE extract alleviated H2O2-induced neuronal cell damage by downregulating the pro-apoptotic proteins, including cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and by enhancing the expression of anti-apoptotic markers including MCl1, BClxl, and survivin. Moreover, MFE extract inhibited the expression of APP, presenilin 1, and BACE, and increased the expression of neprilysin. In addition, the MFE extract could enhance scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. Overall, results showed that the MFE extract had several modes of action related to the AD pathogenesis cascade, including antioxidants, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-Aβ aggregation, and neuroprotection against oxidative stress and Aβ. Therefore, the M. ferrea L. flower might be a possibility for further development as a medication for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusawadee Plekratoke
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Natsajee Nualkaew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jinda Wangboonskul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thummasart University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suresh Awale
- Division of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Daodee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Charinya Khamphukdee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
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Hyperoside alleviates toxicity of β-amyloid via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial calcium signal transduction cascade in APP/PS1 double transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102637. [PMID: 36821955 PMCID: PMC9975698 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function. The β-amyloid (Aβ) hypothesis suggests that Aβ peptides can spontaneously aggregate into β-fragment-containing oligomers and protofibrils, and this activation of the amyloid pathway alters Ca2+ signaling in neurons, leading to neurotoxicity and thus apoptosis of neuronal cells. In our study, a blood-brain barrier crossing flavonol glycoside hyperoside was identified with anti-Aβ aggregation, BACE inhibitory, and neuroprotective effect in cellular or APP/PSEN1 double transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice model. While our pharmacokinetic data confirmed that intranasal administration of hyperoside resulted in a higher bio-availability in mice brain, further in vivo studies revealed that it improved motor deficit, spatial memory and learning ability of APP/PSEN1 mice with reducing level of Aβ plaques and GFAP in the cortex and hippocampus. Bioinformatics, computational docking and in vitro assay results suggested that hyperoside bind to Aβ and interacted with ryanodine receptors, then regulated cellular apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathway. Consistently, it was confirmed that hyperoside increased Bcl2, decreased Bax and cyto-c protein levels, and ameliorated neuronal cell death in both in vitro and in vivo model. By regulating Aβ-induced cell death via regulation on Ca2+ signaling cascade and mitochondrial membrane potential, our study suggested that hyperoside may work as a potential therapeutic agent or preventive remedy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Abstract
Perturbation of cell membranes by amyloid β (Ab) peptide oligomers is one possible mechanism of cytotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease, but the structure of such Ab-membrane complexes is unknown. Here we examine the stability of several putative structures by implicit membrane and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The structures include (a) a variety of models proposed by other researchers in the past, (b) a heptameric β barrel determined by grafting the Ab sequence onto α-hemolysin, (c) a similar structure with modified strand orientation and turn location based on an experimental β-hairpin structure, (d) oligomers inserting C-terminal β hairpins into one leaflet of the bilayer, (e) oligomers forming parallel C-terminal β barrels, and (f) a helical hexamer made of C-terminal fragments. The α-hemolysin-grafted structure and its alternately oriented variant are stable in the membrane and form an aqueous pore. In contrast, the C-terminal parallel barrels are not stable, presumably due to excessive hydrophobicity of their inner surface. The helical hexamer also failed to stabilize an aqueous pore for the same reason. The C-terminal hairpin-inserting structures remain stably inserted but, again, do not form an aqueous pore. Our results suggest that only β-barrels inserting a combination of C-terminal and other residues can form stable aqueous pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Sepehri
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York10031, United States
| | - Themis Lazaridis
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York10031, United States.,Graduate Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York10016, United States
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7
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Olajide OJ, La Rue C, Bergdahl A, Chapman CA. Inhibiting amyloid beta (1–42) peptide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction prevents the degradation of synaptic proteins in the entorhinal cortex. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:960314. [PMID: 36275011 PMCID: PMC9582742 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.960314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in early synaptic perturbations and neuropathology that drive memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We recently showed that solubilized human amyloid beta peptide 1–42 (hAβ1–42) causes rapid alterations at glutamatergic synapses in the entorhinal cortex (EC) through the activation of both GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. However, whether disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and increased ROS contributes to mechanisms mediating hAβ1–42-induced synaptic perturbations in the EC is unknown. Here we assessed the impact of hAβ1–42 on mitochondrial respiratory functions, and the expression of key mitochondrial and synaptic proteins in the EC. Measurements of mitochondrial respiratory function in wild-type EC slices exposed to 1 μM hAβ1–42 revealed marked reductions in tissue oxygen consumption and energy production efficiency relative to control. hAβ1–42 also markedly reduced the immunoexpression of both mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and mitochondrial-cytochrome c protein but had no significant impact on cytosolic-cytochrome c expression, voltage-dependent anion channel protein (a marker for mitochondrial density/integrity), and the immunoexpression of protein markers for all five mitochondrial complexes. The rapid impairments in mitochondrial functions induced by hAβ1–42 were accompanied by reductions in the presynaptic marker synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein (PSD95), and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, with no significant changes in the degradative enzyme acetylcholinesterase. We then assessed whether reducing hAβ1–42-induced increases in ROS could prevent dysregulation of entorhinal synaptic proteins, and found that synaptic impairments induced by hAβ1–42 were prevented by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant drug mitoquinone mesylate, and by the SOD and catalase mimetic EUK134. These findings indicate that hAβ1–2 can rapidly disrupt mitochondrial functions and increase ROS in the entorhinal, and that this may contribute to synaptic dysfunctions that may promote early AD-related neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi Joseph Olajide
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Claudia La Rue
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andreas Bergdahl
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Clifton Andrew Chapman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Clifton Andrew Chapman,
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Chikugo A, Irie Y, Tsukano C, Uchino A, Maki T, Kume T, Kawase T, Hirose K, Kageyama Y, Tooyama I, Irie K. Optimization of the Linker Length in the Dimer Model of E22P-Aβ40 Tethered at Position 38. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2913-2923. [PMID: 36095282 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers are more cytotoxic than fibrils, various dimer models have been synthesized. We focused on the C-terminal region that could form a hydrophobic core in the aggregation process and identified a toxic conformer-restricted dimer model (E22P,G38DAP-Aβ40 dimer) with an l,l-2,6-diaminopimelic acid linker (n = 3) at position 38, which exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. We synthesized four additional linkers (n = 2, 4, 5, 7) to determine the most appropriate distance between the two Aβ40 monomers for a toxic dimer model. Each di-Fmoc-protected two-valent amino acid was synthesized from a corresponding dialdehyde or cycloalkene followed by ozonolysis, using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and asymmetric hydrogenation. Then, the corresponding Aβ40 dimer models with these linkers at position 38 were synthesized using the solid-phase Fmoc strategy. Their cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells suggested that the shorter the linker length, the stronger the cytotoxicity. Particularly, the E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40 dimer (n = 2) formed protofibrillar aggregates and exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, equivalent to E22P-Aβ42, the most cytotoxic analogue of Aβ42. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) measurement indicated that all dimer models except the E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40 dimer existed as stable oligomers (12-24-mer). NativePAGE analysis supported the IM-MS data, but larger oligomers (30-150-mer) were also detected after a 24 h incubation. Moreover, E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40, E22P,G38DAP-Aβ40, and E22P,G38DAZ-Aβ40 (n = 5) dimers suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP). Overall, the ability to form fibrils with cross β-sheet structures was key to achieving cytotoxicity, and forming stable oligomers less than 150-mer did not correlate with cytotoxicity and LTP suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Chikugo
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahito Maki
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama930-0194, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
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9
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Uchino A, Irie Y, Tsukano C, Kawase T, Hirose K, Kageyama Y, Tooyama I, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Synthesis and Characterization of Propeller- and Parallel-Type Full-Length Amyloid β40 Trimer Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2517-2528. [PMID: 35930616 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomers of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, their heterogeneity and lability deter the identification of their tertiary structures and mechanisms of action. Aβ trimers and Aβ dimers may represent the smallest aggregation unit with cytotoxicity. Although propeller-type trimer models of E22P-Aβ40 tethered by an aromatic linker have recently been synthesized, they unexpectedly exhibited little cytotoxicity. To increase the flexibility of trimeric propeller-type models, we designed and synthesized trimer models with an alkyl linker, tert-butyltris-l-alanine (tButA), at position 36 or 38. In addition, we synthesized two parallel-type trimer models tethered at position 38 using alkyl linkers of different lengths, α,α-di-l-norvalyl-l-glycine (di-nV-Gly) and α,α-di-l-homonorleucyl-l-glycine (di-hnL-Gly), based on the previously reported toxic dimer model. The propeller-type E22P,V36tButA-Aβ40 trimer (4), which was designed to mimic the C-terminal anti-parallel β-sheet structures proposed by the structural analysis of 150 kDa oligomers of Aβ42, and the parallel-type E22P,G38di-nV-Gly-Aβ40 trimer (6) showed significant cytotoxicity against SH-SY5Y cells and aggregative ability to form protofibrillar species. In contrast, the E22P,G38tButA-Aβ40 trimer (5) and E22P,G38di-hnL-Gly-Aβ40 trimer (7) exhibited weak cytotoxicity, though they formed quasi-stable oligomers observed by ion mobility-mass spectrometry and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that 4 and 6 could have some phase of the structure of toxic Aβ oligomers with a C-terminal hydrophobic core and that the conformation and/or aggregation process rather than the formation of stable oligomers contribute to the induction of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized clinically by progressive cognitive decline and pathologically by the β-sheet rich fibril plaque deposition of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the brain. While plaques are a hallmark of AD, plaque burden is not correlated with cognitive impairment. Instead, Aβ oligomers formed during the aggregation process represent the main agents of neurotoxicity, which occurs 10–20 years before patients begin to show symptoms. These oligomers are dynamic in nature and represented by a heterogeneous distribution of aggregates ranging from low- to high-molecular weight, some of which are toxic while others are not. A major difficulty in determining the pathological mechanism(s) of Aβ, developing reliable diagnostic markers for early-stage detection, as well as effective therapeutics for AD are the differentiation and characterization of oligomers formed throughout disease propagation based on their molecular features, effects on biological function, and relevance to disease propagation and pathology. Thus, it is critical to methodically identify the mechanisms of Aβ aggregation and toxicity, as well as describe the roles of different oligomers and aggregates in disease progression and molecular pathology. Here, we describe a variety of biophysical techniques used to isolate and characterize a range of Aβ oligomer populations, as well as discuss proposed mechanisms of toxicity and therapeutic interventions aimed at specific assemblies formed during the aggregation process. The approaches being used to map the misfolding and aggregation of Aβ are like what was done during the fundamental early studies, mapping protein folding pathways using combinations of biophysical techniques in concert with protein engineering. Such information is critical to the design and molecular engineering of future diagnostics and therapeutics for AD.
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11
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Haque MA, Hossain MS, Bilkis T, Islam MI, Park IS. Evidence for a Strong Relationship between the Cytotoxicity and Intracellular Location of β-Amyloid. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040577. [PMID: 35455068 PMCID: PMC9025630 DOI: 10.3390/life12040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) is a hallmark peptide of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Herein, we explored the mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of this peptide. Double treatment with oligomeric 42-amino-acid Aβ (Aβ42) species, which are more cytotoxic than other conformers such as monomers and fibrils, resulted in increased cytotoxicity. Under this treatment condition, an increase in intracellular localization of the peptide was observed, which indicated that the peptide administered extracellularly entered the cells. The cell-permeable peptide TAT-tagged Aβ42 (tAβ42), which was newly prepared for the study and found to be highly cell-permeable and soluble, induced Aβ-specific lamin protein cleavage, caspase-3/7-like DEVDase activation, and high cytotoxicity (5–10-fold higher than that induced by the wild-type oligomeric preparations). Oligomeric species enrichment and double treatment were not necessary for enhancing the cytotoxicity and intracellular location of the fusion peptide. Taiwaniaflavone, an inhibitor of the cytotoxicity of wild-type Aβ42 and tAβ42, strongly blocked the internalization of the peptides into the cells. These data imply a strong relationship between the cytotoxicity and intracellular location of the Aβ peptide. Based on these results, we suggest that agents that can reduce the cell permeability of Aβ42 are potential AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Aminul Haque
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.A.H.); (M.S.H.); (T.B.); (M.I.I.)
| | - Md. Selim Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.A.H.); (M.S.H.); (T.B.); (M.I.I.)
| | - Tahmina Bilkis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.A.H.); (M.S.H.); (T.B.); (M.I.I.)
| | - Md. Imamul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.A.H.); (M.S.H.); (T.B.); (M.I.I.)
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.A.H.); (M.S.H.); (T.B.); (M.I.I.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-062-230-6753
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12
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Fatty acids as biomodulators of Piezo1 mediated glial mechanosensitivity in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 297:120470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Galkin M, Priss A, Topcheva O, Yushchenko DA, Shvadchak VV. FRET-based assay for intracellular evaluation of α-synuclein aggregation inhibitors. J Neurochem 2021; 159:901-912. [PMID: 34687236 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of small neuronal protein α-synuclein (αSyn) in amyloid fibrils is considered to be one of the main causes of Parkinson's disease. Inhibition of this aggregation is a promising approach for disease treatment. Dozens of compounds able to inhibit αSyn fibrillization in solution were developed during the last decade. However, the applicability of most of them in the cellular environment was not established because of the absence of a suitable cell-based assay. In this work, we developed an assay for testing αSyn aggregation inhibitors in cells that is based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between labeled αSyn molecules in fibrils. The assay directly reports the amount of fibrillized αSyn and is more reliable than the assays based on cell viability. Moreover, we showed that cell viability decline does not always correlate with the amount of misfolded αSyn. The developed FRET-based assay does not interfere with the aggregation process and is suitable for high-throughput testing of αSyn aggregation inhibitors. Its application can sort out non-specific inhibitors and thus significantly facilitate the development of drugs for Parkinson`s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Galkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiia Priss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandra Topcheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro A Yushchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Volodymyr V Shvadchak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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14
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Bernabeu-Zornoza A, Coronel R, Palmer C, López-Alonso V, Liste I. Oligomeric and Fibrillar Species of Aβ42 Diversely Affect Human Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179537. [PMID: 34502444 PMCID: PMC8430695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β 42 peptide (Aβ1-42 (Aβ42)) is well-known for its involvement in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ42 accumulates and aggregates in fibers that precipitate in the form of plaques in the brain causing toxicity; however, like other forms of Aβ peptide, the role of these peptides remains unclear. Here we analyze and compare the effects of oligomeric and fibrillary Aβ42 peptide on the biology (cell death, proliferative rate, and cell fate specification) of differentiating human neural stem cells (hNS1 cell line). By using the hNS1 cells we found that, at high concentrations, oligomeric and fibrillary Aβ42 peptides provoke apoptotic cellular death and damage of DNA in these cells, but Aβ42 fibrils have the strongest effect. The data also show that both oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ42 peptides decrease cellular proliferation but Aβ42 oligomers have the greatest effect. Finally, both, oligomers and fibrils favor gliogenesis and neurogenesis in hNS1 cells, although, in this case, the effect is more prominent in oligomers. All together the findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of AD and to the development of human neural stem cell-based therapies for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Bernabeu-Zornoza
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Raquel Coronel
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Charlotte Palmer
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Victoria López-Alonso
- Unidad de Biología Computacional, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918223292; Fax: +34-918223269
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15
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Olajide OJ, Chapman CA. Amyloid-β (1-42) peptide induces rapid NMDA receptor-dependent alterations at glutamatergic synapses in the entorhinal cortex. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:296-309. [PMID: 34144329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) accumulate amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) that promote neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease, but the early effects of Aβ on excitatory synaptic transmission in the EC have not been well characterized. To assess the acute effects of Aβ1-42 on glutamatergic synapses, acute brain slices from wildtype rats were exposed to Aβ1-42 or control solution for 3 hours, and tissue was analyzed using protein immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. Presynaptically, Aβ1-42 induced marked reductions in synaptophysin, synapsin-2a mRNA, and mGluR3 mRNA, and increased both VGluT2 protein and Ca2+-activated channel KCa2.2 mRNA levels. Postsynaptically, Aβ1-42 reduced PSD95 and GluN2B protein, and also downregulated GluN2B and GluN2A mRNA, without affecting scaffolding elements SAP97 and PICK1. mGluR5 mRNA was strongly increased, while mGluR1 mRNA was unaffected. Blocking either GluN2A- or GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors did not significantly prevent synaptic changes induced by Aβ1-42, but combined blockade did prevent synaptic alterations. These findings demonstrate that Aβ1-42 rapidly disrupts glutamatergic transmission in the EC through mechanisms involving concurrent activation of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi Joseph Olajide
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Clifton Andrew Chapman
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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16
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Lau HHC, Ingelsson M, Watts JC. The existence of Aβ strains and their potential for driving phenotypic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:17-39. [PMID: 32743745 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reminiscent of the human prion diseases, there is considerable clinical and pathological variability in Alzheimer's disease, the most common human neurodegenerative condition. As in prion disorders, protein misfolding and aggregation is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease, where the initiating event is thought to be the self-assembly of Aβ peptide into aggregates that deposit in the central nervous system. Emerging evidence suggests that Aβ, similar to the prion protein, can polymerize into a conformationally diverse spectrum of aggregate strains both in vitro and within the brain. Moreover, certain types of Aβ aggregates exhibit key hallmarks of prion strains including divergent biochemical attributes and the ability to induce distinct pathological phenotypes when intracerebrally injected into mouse models. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating that Aβ can assemble into distinct strains of aggregates and how such strains may be primary drivers of the phenotypic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease.
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17
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Matsushima Y, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Control of the toxic conformation of amyloid β42 by intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4118-4121. [PMID: 32163091 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to fix the conformation of Aβ42 to the toxic or non-toxic form by intramolecular disulfide bonds. We found that an Aβ42 analog crosslinked within the molecule at the 17th and 28th amino acid residues exhibited high aggregative ability and potent neurotoxicity comparable to those of E22P-Aβ42. This analog would be useful in the research of Aβ42 oligomers and to develop reliable antibodies for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Matsushima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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18
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Irie K. New diagnostic method for Alzheimer’s disease based on the toxic conformation theory of amyloid β. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1-16. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1667222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent investigations suggest that soluble oligomeric amyloid β (Aβ) species may be involved in early onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using systematic proline replacement, solid-state NMR, and ESR, we identified a toxic turn at position 22 and 23 of Aβ42, the most potent neurotoxic Aβ species. Through radicalization, the toxic turn can induce formation of the C-terminal hydrophobic core to obtain putative Aβ42 dimers and trimers. Synthesized dimer and trimer models showed that the C-terminal hydrophobic core plays a critical role in the formation of high molecular weight oligomers with neurotoxicity. Accordingly, an anti-toxic turn antibody (24B3) that selectively recognizes a toxic dimer model of E22P-Aβ42 was developed. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with 24B3 and 82E1 detected a significantly higher ratio of Aβ42 with a toxic turn to total Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients compared with controls, suggesting that 24B3 could be useful for early onset of AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Zhou H, Yang Z, Tian X, Chen L, Lee S, Huynh T, Ge C, Zhou R. Lanosterol Disrupts the Aggregation of Amyloid-β Peptides. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4051-4060. [PMID: 31369236 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanosterol, an amphipathic molecule, was discovered only very recently to effectively hinder the aggregation of lens proteins and dissolve the extremely stable fibrillar aggregates in cataracts. Here, we combined computational and experimental approaches to study how lanosterol disrupts the aggregation of another important peptide, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, associated with the Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Molecular dynamics simulations using the core amyloidogenic segment (KLVFFA) of Aβ peptide revealed that lanosterol exhibits at least two types of inhibition mechanism on the self-assembly of Aβ peptides. First, lanosterol entangles with peptides and forms a hydrophobic core with residues Phe-19 and Phe-20 in particular. Second, it interferes with the steric zipper interaction at the β-sheet-β-sheet interface. These simulation data suggest that lanosterol induces the unfolding of the Aβ peptide and the separation of the β-sheet layers. This predicted inhibition effect of lanosterol was then confirmed by an in vitro ThT fluorescence assay and AFM imaging. The cell toxicity assay also showed that the treatment of lanosterol indeed mitigates the cytotoxicity of the Aβ peptide in PC-12 cells. Moreover, lanosterol shows a stronger suppression effect on Aβ peptides' aggregation than cholesterol because of its higher hydrophobicity. This result establishes a foundation for the development of lanosterol-based potential therapies for AD and other protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lei Chen
- East District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Sangyun Lee
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Tien Huynh
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Cuicui Ge
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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20
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Jović M, Lončarević-Vasiljković N, Ivković S, Dinić J, Milanović D, Zlokovic B, Kanazir S. Short-term fish oil supplementation applied in presymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease enhances microglial/macrophage barrier and prevents neuritic dystrophy in parietal cortex of 5xFAD mouse model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216726. [PMID: 31095617 PMCID: PMC6522015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophic neurites and activated microglia are one of the main neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the use of supplements with omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with reduced risk and lessened AD pathology, it still remains elusive whether such a treatment could affect dystrophic neurites (DNs) formation and microglia/macrophage behavior in the early phase of disease. We analyzed the effects of short-term (3 weeks) fish oil supplementation on DNs formation, tau hyperphosphorylation, Amyloid-beta peptide 1–42 (Aβ42) levels and microglial/macrophage response to AD pathology in the parietal cortex of 4-month-old 5xFAD mice, a mouse model of AD. The present study shows for the first time that short-term FO supplementation applied in presymptomatic stage of AD, alters the behaviour of microglia/macrophages prompting them to establish a physical barrier around amyloid plaques. This barrier significantly suppresses DNs formation through the reduction of both Aβ content and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the short-term FO treatment neither suppresses inflammation nor enhances phagocytic properties of microglia/macrophages in the response to Aβ pathology, the effects most commonly attributed to the fish oil supplementation. Our findings suggest that fish oil consumption may play an important role in modulating microglial/macrophage response and ameliorating the AD pathology in presymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Lončarević-Vasiljković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (NLV); (SK)
| | - Sanja Ivković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Desanka Milanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (NLV); (SK)
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21
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Influence of crowding and surfaces on protein amyloidogenesis: A thermo-kinetic perspective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:941-953. [PMID: 30928692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have irreversibly implicated protein self-assembly and aggregation leading to amyloid fibril formation in proteopathies that include several neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging studies recognize the importance of eliciting the pathways leading to protein aggregation in the context of the crowded intracellular environment rather than in conventional in vitro conditions. It is found that crowded environments can have acceleratory as well as inhibitory effects on protein aggregation, depending on the interplay of underlying factors on the crucial rate limiting steps. The aggregation mechanism and transient species formed along the pathway are further altered when they interface with natural and artificial surfaces in the cellular milieu. An increasing number of studies probe the autocatalytic nature of amyloid surfaces as well as membrane bilayer effects on amyloidogenesis. Moreover, exposure to modern nanosurfaces via nanomedicines and other sources potentially invokes beneficial or deleterious biological response that needs rigorous investigation. Mounting evidences indicate that nanoparticles can either promote or impede amyloid aggregation, spurring efforts to tune their interactions for developing effective anti-amyloid strategies. Mechanistic insights into nanoparticle mediated aggregation pathways are therefore crucial for engineering anti-amyloid nanoparticle strategies that are biocompatible and sustainable. This review is a compilation of studies that contribute to the current understanding of the altering effects of molecular crowding as well as natural and artificial surfaces on protein amyloidogenesis.
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22
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Pandey G, Morla S, Nemade HB, Kumar S, Ramakrishnan V. Modulation of aggregation with an electric field; scientific roadmap for a potential non-invasive therapy against tauopathies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4744-4750. [PMID: 35514655 PMCID: PMC9060620 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09993f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic aggregation of tau protein to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTS) is a central pathological event involved in tauopathies. Inhibition of tau protein aggregation can serve as a straightforward therapeutic strategy. However, tau-based therapeutic solutions are not very common. Phenothiazine methylene blue (tau protein inhibitor) is currently the only drug under phase III clinical trials. In this work, a non-invasive strategy is presented for modulating the aggregation of core peptide segments of tau protein (VQIVYK and VQIINK) by using electric fields of varying strengths. We use thioflavin T staining, tyrosine fluorescence assay, electron microscopy, IR, dynamic and static light scattering, and neuronal toxicity estimation, for verifying the effect of electric field on the aggregation kinetics, morphology, conformational state and cellular toxicity of peptide systems. Our observations suggest that electric field arrests the self-assembly of VQIVYK and VQIINK fibrils thereby reducing the neurotoxicity instigated by them. Based on our observations, we propose a prospective scheme for a futuristic non-invasive therapeutic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India +91 361 258 2249 +91 361 258 2227
| | - Sudhir Morla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India +91 361 258 2249 +91 361 258 2227
| | - Harshal B Nemade
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India +91 361 258 2249 +91 361 258 2227
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India +91 361 258 2249 +91 361 258 2227
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23
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Preparation of 4-Flexible Amino-2-Arylethenyl-Quinoline Derivatives as Multi-target Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123100. [PMID: 30486440 PMCID: PMC6321145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder of aged people. The development of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) to act as multifunctional agents to treat this disease is the mainstream of current research. As a continuation of our previous studies, a series of 4-flexible amino-2-arylethenylquinoline derivatives as multi-target agents was efficiently synthesized and evaluated for the treatment of AD. Among these synthesized derivatives, some compounds exhibited strong self-induced Aβ1–42 aggregation inhibition and antioxidant activity. The structure-activity relationship was summarized, which confirmed that the introduction of a flexible amino group featuring a N,N-dimethylaminoalkylamino moiety at the 4-position increased the Aβ1–42 aggregation inhibition activity, with an inhibition ratio of 95.3% at 20 μM concentration. Compound 6b1, the optimal compound, was able to selectively chelate copper (II), and inhibit Cu2+-induced Aβ aggregation effectively. It also could disassemble the self-induced Aβ1–42 aggregation fibrils with a ratio of 64.3% at 20 μM concentration. Moreover, compound 6b1 showed low toxicity and a good neuroprotective effect against Aβ1–42-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the step-down passive avoidance test indicated compound 6b1 significantly reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. Taken together, these results suggested that compound 6b1 was a promising multi-target compound worthy of further study for AD.
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24
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Tu LH, Tseng NH, Tsai YR, Lin TW, Lo YW, Charng JL, Hsu HT, Chen YS, Chen RJ, Wu YT, Chan YT, Chen CS, Fang JM, Chen YR. Rationally designed divalent caffeic amides inhibit amyloid-β fibrillization, induce fibril dissociation, and ameliorate cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:393-404. [PMID: 30227353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathologic hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils. Blocking Aβ self-assembly or disassembling Aβ aggregates by small molecules would be potential therapeutic strategies to treat AD. In this study, we synthesized a series of rationally designed divalent compounds and examined their effects on Aβ fibrillization. A divalent amide (2) derived from two molecules of caffeic acid with a propylenediamine linker of ∼5.0 Å in length, which is close to the distance of adjacent β sheets in Aβ fibrils, showed good potency to inhibit Aβ(1-42) fibrillization. Furthermore, compound 2 effectively dissociated the Aβ(1-42) preformed fibrils. The cytotoxicity induced by Aβ(1-42) aggregates in human neuroblastoma was reduced in the presence of 2, and feeding 2 to Aβ transgenic C. elegans rescued the paralysis phenotype. In addition, the binding and stoichiometry of 2 to Aβ(1-40) were demonstrated by using electrospray ionization-traveling wave ion mobility-mass spectrometry, while molecular dynamic simulation was conducted to gain structural insights into the Aβ(1-40)-2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hsien Tu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Ru Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Wei Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Lin Charng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ting Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jie Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ta Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Mechanism of aggregation and membrane interactions of mammalian prion protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hong W, Wang Z, Liu W, O'Malley TT, Jin M, Willem M, Haass C, Frosch MP, Walsh DM. Diffusible, highly bioactive oligomers represent a critical minority of soluble Aβ in Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:19-40. [PMID: 29687257 PMCID: PMC6647843 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significant data suggest that soluble Aβ oligomers play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is great confusion over what exactly constitutes an Aβ oligomer and which oligomers are toxic. Most studies have utilized synthetic Aβ peptides, but the relevance of these test tube experiments to the conditions that prevail in AD is uncertain. A few groups have studied Aβ extracted from human brain, but they employed vigorous tissue homogenization which is likely to release insoluble Aβ that was sequestered in plaques during life. Several studies have found such extracts to possess disease-relevant activity and considerable efforts are being made to purify and better understand the forms of Aβ therein. Here, we compared the abundance of Aβ in AD extracts prepared by traditional homogenization versus using a far gentler extraction, and assessed their bioactivity via real-time imaging of iPSC-derived human neurons plus the sensitive functional assay of long-term potentiation. Surprisingly, the amount of Aβ retrieved by gentle extraction constituted only a small portion of that released by traditional homogenization, but this readily diffusible fraction retained all of the Aβ-dependent neurotoxic activity. Thus, the bulk of Aβ extractable from AD brain was innocuous, and only the small portion that was aqueously diffusible caused toxicity. This unexpected finding predicts that generic anti-oligomer therapies, including Aβ antibodies now in trials, may be bound up by the large pool of inactive oligomers, whereas agents that specifically target the small pool of diffusible, bioactive Aβ would be more useful. Furthermore, our results indicate that efforts to purify and target toxic Aβ must employ assays of disease-relevant activity. The approaches described here should enable these efforts, and may assist the study of other disease-associated aggregation-prone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zemin Wang
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ming Jin
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Cascella R, Evangelisti E, Bigi A, Becatti M, Fiorillo C, Stefani M, Chiti F, Cecchi C. Soluble Oligomers Require a Ganglioside to Trigger Neuronal Calcium Overload. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:923-938. [PMID: 28922156 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An altered distribution of membrane gangliosides (GM), including GM1, has recently been reported in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Moreover, amyloid-positive synaptosomes obtained from AD brains were found to contain high-density GM1 clusters, suggesting a pathological significance of GM1 increase at presynaptic neuritic terminals in AD. Here, we show that membrane GM1 specifically recruits small soluble oligomers of the 42-residue form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42), with intracellular flux of Ca2+ ions in primary rat hippocampal neurons and in human neuroblastoma cells. Specific membrane proteins appear to be involved in the early and transient influx of Ca2+ ions induced by Aβ42 oligomers with high solvent-exposed hydrophobicity (A+), but not in the sustained late influx of the same oligomers and in that induced by Aβ42 oligomers with low solvent-exposed hydrophobicity (A-) in GM1-enriched cells. In addition, A+ oligomers accumulate in proximity of membrane NMDA and AMPA receptors, inducing the early and transient Ca2+ influx, although FRET shows that the interaction is not direct. These results suggest that age-dependent clustering of GM1 within neuronal membranes could induce neurodegeneration in elderly people as a consequence of an increased ability of the lipid bilayers to recruit membrane-permeabilizing oligomers. We also show that both lipid and protein components of the plasma membrane can contribute to neuronal dysfunction, thus expanding the molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Evangelisti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Hashimoto M, Ho G, Sugama S, Takamatsu Y, Shimizu Y, Takenouchi T, Waragai M, Masliah E. Evolvability of Amyloidogenic Proteins in Human Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:73-83. [PMID: 29439348 PMCID: PMC5817905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the physiological roles of amyloidogenic proteins (APs) in human brain, such as amyloid-β and α-synuclein, are elusive. Given that many APs arose by gene duplication and have been resistant against the pressures of natural selection, APs may be associated with some functions that are advantageous for survival of offspring. Nonetheless, evolvability is the sole physiological quality of APs that has been characterized in microorganisms such as yeast. Since yeast and human brain may share similar strategies in coping with diverse range of critical environmental stresses, the objective of this paper was to discuss the potential role of evolvability of APs in aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Given the heterogeneity of APs in terms of structure and cytotoxicity, it is argued that APs might be involved in preconditioning against diverse stresses in human brain. It is further speculated that these stress-related APs, most likely protofibrillar forms, might be transmitted to offspring via the germline, conferring preconditioning against forthcoming stresses. Thus, APs might represent a vehicle for the inheritance of the acquired characteristics against environmental stresses. Curiously, such a characteristic of APs is reminiscent of Charles Darwin's 'gemmules', imagined molecules of heritability described in his pangenesis theory. We propose that evolvability might be a physiological function of APs during the reproductive stage and neurodegenerative diseases could be a by-product effect manifested later in aging. Collectively, our evolvability hypothesis may play a complementary role in the pathophysiology of APs with the conventional amyloid cascade hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, USA
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Shimizu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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29
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Sabareesan AT, Udgaonkar JB. The G126V Mutation in the Mouse Prion Protein Hinders Nucleation-Dependent Fibril Formation by Slowing Initial Fibril Growth and by Increasing the Critical Concentration. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5931-5942. [PMID: 29045139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The middle disordered hydrophobic region of the prion protein plays a critical role in conformational conversion of the protein, with pathogenic as well as protective mutations being localized to this region. In particular, it has been shown that the G127V mutation in this region of the human prion protein (huPrP) is protective against the spread of prion disease, but the mechanism of protection remains unknown. In this study, quantitative analyses of the kinetics of fibril formation by wild-type mouse prion protein (moPrP) and G126V moPrP (equivalent to G127V huPrP) reveal important differences: the critical concentration is higher, the lag phase is longer, and the initial effective rate constant of fibril growth is slower for the mutant variant. The study offers a simple biophysical explanation for why the G127V mutation in huPrP would be protective in humans: the ∼5-fold increase in critical concentration caused by the mutation likely results in the critical concentration (below which fibril formation cannot occur) being higher that the concentration of the protein present in and on cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambadi Thody Sabareesan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Jayant B Udgaonkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bengaluru 560065, India
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30
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Islam MI, Sharoar MG, Ryu EK, Park IS. Limited activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway plays a main role in amyloid-β-induced apoptosis without eliciting the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1971-1982. [PMID: 29039468 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ), a main pathogenic factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), induces apoptosis accompanied by caspase activation. However, limited caspase activation and the suppression of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway (IAPW) are frequently observed upon Aβ treatment. In this study, we investigated whether these suppressive effects of Aβ can be overcome; we also examined the death-related pathways. Single treatments of cells with Aβ42 for up to 48 h barely induced caspase activation. In cells treated with Aβ42 twice for 2 h followed by 22 h (2+22 h) or for longer durations, the apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) apoptosome was formed and caspases-3 and -9 were activated to a certain extent, suggesting the activation of the IAPW. However, the Aβ42-induced activation of the IAPW differed from that induced by treatment with other agents, such as staurosporine (STS) in that lower amounts of cytochrome c were released from the mitochondria, the majority of procaspase-9 in the Apaf-1 complex was not processed and caspase-3 was activated to a lesser extent in the peptide-treated cells. Thus, it seemed that the IAPW was not fully activated by Aβ42. The 30- and 41/43-kDa fragments derived from procaspase-8 were detected, which appear to be produced through the IAPW without death-inducing signaling-complex (DISC) formation, a key feature of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (EAPW). Bid cleavage was observed only after caspase-3 activity reached its maximal levels, suggesting that the cleavage may contribute in a limited capacity to the amplification process of the IAPW in the Aβ-treated cells. Taken together, our data suggest that the IAPW, albeit functional only to a limited extent, plays a major role in Aβ42-induced apoptosis without the EAPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imamul Islam
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Golam Sharoar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Ryu
- Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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31
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β-Amyloid and the Pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive View. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101692. [PMID: 28994715 PMCID: PMC6151811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein dyshomeostasis is the common mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is the key risk factor, as the capacity of the proteostasis network declines during aging. Different cellular stress conditions result in the up-regulation of the neurotrophic, neuroprotective amyloid precursor protein (APP). Enzymatic processing of APP may result in formation of toxic Aβ aggregates (β-amyloids). Protein folding is the basis of life and death. Intracellular Aβ affects the function of subcellular organelles by disturbing the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk and causing severe Ca2+-dysregulation and lipid dyshomeostasis. The extensive and complex network of proteostasis declines during aging and is not able to maintain the balance between production and disposal of proteins. The effectivity of cellular pathways that safeguard cells against proteotoxic stress (molecular chaperones, aggresomes, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy) declines with age. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus the Aβ-clearance from brain-to-blood decreases. Microglia-mediated clearance of Aβ also declines, Aβ accumulates in the brain and causes neuroinflammation. Recognition of the above mentioned complex pathogenesis pathway resulted in novel drug targets in AD research.
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Karelina T, Demin O, Demin O, Duvvuri S, Nicholas T. Studying the Progression of Amyloid Pathology and Its Therapy Using Translational Longitudinal Model of Accumulation and Distribution of Amyloid Beta. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:676-685. [PMID: 28913897 PMCID: PMC5658285 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long‐term effects of amyloid targeted therapy can be studied using a mechanistic translational model of amyloid beta (Aβ) distribution and aggregation calibrated on published data in mouse and human species. Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology is modeled utilizing age‐dependent pathological evolution for rate constants and several variants of explicit functions for Aβ toxicity influencing cognitive outcomes (Adas‐cog). Preventive Aβ targeted therapies were simulated to minimize the Aβ difference from healthy physiological levels. Therapeutic targeted simulations provided similar predictions for mouse and human studies. Our model predicts that: (1) at least 1 year (2 years for preclinical AD) of treatment is needed to observe cognitive effects; (2) under the hypothesis with functional importance of Aβ, a 15% decrease in Aβ (using an imaging biomarker) is related to 15–20% cognition improvement by immunotherapy. Despite negative outcomes in clinical trials, Aβ continues to remain a prospective target demanding careful assessment of mechanistic effect and duration of trial design.
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Miller JL, Rai M, Frigon NL, Pandolfo M, Punnonen J, Spencer JR. Erythropoietin and small molecule agonists of the tissue-protective erythropoietin receptor increase FXN expression in neuronal cells in vitro and in Fxn-deficient KIKO mice in vivo. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:34-45. [PMID: 28504123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin (FXN). Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) increased FXN protein in vitro and in early clinical studies, while no published reports evaluate rhEPO in animal models of FA. STS-E412 and STS-E424 are novel small molecule agonists of the tissue-protective, but not the erythropoietic EPO receptor. We find that rhEPO, STS-E412 and STS-E424 increase FXN expression in vitro and in vivo. RhEPO, STS-E412 and STS-E424 increase FXN by up to 2-fold in primary human cortical cells and in retinoic-acid differentiated murine P19 cells. In primary human cortical cells, the increase in FXN protein was accompanied by an increase in FXN mRNA, detectable within 4 h. RhEPO and low nanomolar concentrations of STS-E412 and STS-E424 also increase FXN in normal and FA patient-derived PBMC by 20%-40% within 24 h, an effect that was comparable to that by HDAC inhibitor 4b. In vivo, STS-E412 increased Fxn mRNA and protein in wild-type C57BL6/j mice. RhEPO, STS-E412, and STS-E424 increase FXN expression in the heart of FXN-deficient KIKO mice. In contrast, FXN expression in the brains of KIKO mice increased following treatment with STS-E412 and STS-E424, but not following treatment with rhEPO. Unexpectedly, rhEPO-treated KIKO mice developed severe splenomegaly, while no splenomegaly was observed in STS-E412- or STS-E424-treated mice. RhEPO, STS-E412 and STS-E424 upregulate FXN expression in vitro at equal efficacy, however, the effects of the small molecules on FXN expression in the CNS are superior to rhEPO in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Miller
- STATegics, Inc., 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA.
| | - Myriam Rai
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, CP601, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, CP601, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Juha Punnonen
- STATegics, Inc., 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
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Kaniyappan S, Chandupatla RR, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E. Extracellular low-n oligomers of tau cause selective synaptotoxicity without affecting cell viability. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:1270-1291. [PMID: 28528849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tau-mediated toxicity in Alzheimer's disease is thought to operate through low-n oligomers, rather than filamentous aggregates. However, the nature of oligomers and pathways of toxicity are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated structural and functional aspects of highly purified oligomers of a pro-aggregant tau species. METHODS Purified oligomers of the tau repeat domain were characterized by biophysical and structural methods. Functional aspects were investigated by cellular assays ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release assay [for cell toxicity], reactive oxygen species production, and calcium assay), combined with analysis of neuronal dendritic spines exposed to oligomers. RESULTS Purified low-n oligomers are roughly globular, with sizes around 1.6 to 5.4 nm, exhibit an altered conformation, but do not have substantial β-structure. Treatment of primary neurons with oligomers impairs spine morphology and density, accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species and intracellular calcium, but without affecting cell viability (by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay of cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase release assay [for cell toxicity]). DISCUSSION Tau oligomers are toxic to synapses but not lethal to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilvelrajan Kaniyappan
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; MPI for Metabolism Research, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ram Reddy Chandupatla
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; MPI for Metabolism Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; MPI for Metabolism Research, Hamburg, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; MPI for Metabolism Research, Hamburg, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, Bonn, Germany.
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35
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Armijo E, Gonzalez C, Shahnawaz M, Flores A, Davis B, Soto C. Increased susceptibility to Aβ toxicity in neuronal cultures derived from familial Alzheimer's disease (PSEN1-A246E) induced pluripotent stem cells. Neurosci Lett 2016; 639:74-81. [PMID: 28034781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of late-life dementia and represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has facilitated the production and differentiation of stem cells from patients somatic cells, offering new opportunities to model AD and other diseases in vitro. In this study, we generated iPSCs from skin fibroblasts obtained from a healthy individual, as well as sporadic (sAD) and familial AD (fAD, PSEN1-A246E mutation) patients. iPSC lines were differentiated into neuronal precursors (iPSC-NPCs) and neurons that were subjected to amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity assays. We found that neurons derived from the fAD patient have a higher susceptibility to Aβ1-42 oligomers compared with neurons coming from healthy and sAD individuals. Our findings suggest that neurons from patients with PSEN1-A246E mutation have intrinsic properties that make them more susceptible to the toxic effects of Aβ1-42 oligomers in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Armijo
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Av. San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Gonzalez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahnawaz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Flores
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian Davis
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Av. San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
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36
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Chang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Song Y, Lv A, Li Y, Zhou W, Yan Z, Almeida OFX, Wu Y. Differential Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits is an Early Event in the Actions of Soluble Amyloid-β(1-40) Oligomers on Hippocampal Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:197-212. [PMID: 26836185 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is triggered by soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers that interact with NMDA receptors (NMDARs). We previously showed that Aβ induces synaptic protein loss through NMDARs, albeit through undefined mechanisms. Accordingly, we here examined the contribution of individual NMDAR subunits to synaptotoxicity and demonstrate that Aβ exerts differential effects on the levels and distribution of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of NMDAR in dendrites. Treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons with Aβ1-40 (10 μM, 1 h) induced a significant increase of dendritic and synaptic GluN2B puncta densities with parallel decreases in the puncta densities of denritic and synaptic pTyr1472-GluN2B. Conversely, Aβ significantly decreased dendritic and synaptic GluN2A and dendritic pTyr1325-GluN2A puncta densities and increased synaptic pTyr1325-GluN2A puncta densities. Unexpectedly, Aβ treatment resulted in a significant reduction of GluN2B and pTyr1472-GluN2B protein levels but did not influence GluN2A and pTyr1325-GluN2A levels. These results show that Aβ exerts complex and distinct regulatory effects on the trafficking and phosphorylation of GluN2A and GluN2B, as well as on their localization within synaptic and non-synaptic sites. Increased understanding of these early events in Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction is likely to be important for the development of timely preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Angchu Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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37
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Pre-amyloid oligomers budding:a metastatic mechanism of proteotoxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35865. [PMID: 27775057 PMCID: PMC5075897 DOI: 10.1038/srep35865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of misfolded protein diseases and aging is the accumulation of proteotoxic aggregates. However, the mechanisms of proteotoxicity and the dynamic changes in fiber formation and dissemination remain unclear, preventing a cure. Here we adopted a reductionist approach and used atomic force microscopy to define the temporal and spatial changes of amyloid aggregates, their modes of dissemination and the biochemical changes that may influence their growth. We show that pre-amyloid oligomers (PAO) mature to form linear and circular protofibrils, and amyloid fibers, and those can break reforming PAO that can migrate invading neighbor structures. Simulating the effect of immunotherapy modifies the dynamics of PAO formation. Anti-fibers as well as anti-PAO antibodies fragment the amyloid fibers, however the fragmentation using anti-fibers antibodies favored the migration of PAO. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the mechanisms of misfolded protein maturation and propagation and the effects of interventions on the resolution and dissemination of amyloid pathology.
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38
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Tiiman A, Luo J, Wallin C, Olsson L, Lindgren J, Jarvet J, Per R, Sholts SB, Rahimipour S, Abrahams JP, Karlström AE, Gräslund A, Wärmländer SK. Specific Binding of Cu(II) Ions to Amyloid-Beta Peptides Bound to Aggregation-Inhibiting Molecules or SDS Micelles Creates Complexes that Generate Radical Oxygen Species. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:971-982. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Tiiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cecilia Wallin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Lisa Olsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | | | - Jϋri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
- The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Roos Per
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Capio St.Göran Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina B. Sholts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jan Pieter Abrahams
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland & Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
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39
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Golde TE. Overcoming translational barriers impeding development of Alzheimer's disease modifying therapies. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:224-236. [PMID: 27145445 PMCID: PMC6816258 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has now been ~ 30 years since the Alzheimer's disease (AD) research entered what may be termed the 'molecular era' that began with the identification of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) as the primary component of amyloid within senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid and the microtubule-associated protein tau as the primary component of neurofibrillary tangles in the AD brain. These pivotal discoveries and the subsequent genetic, pathological, and modeling studies supporting pivotal roles for tau and Aβ aggregation and accumulation have provided firm rationale for a new generation of AD therapies designed not to just provide symptomatic benefit, but as disease modifying agents that would slow or even reverse the disease course. Indeed, over the last 20 years numerous therapeutic strategies for disease modification have emerged, been preclinically validated, and advanced through various stages of clinical testing. Unfortunately, no therapy has yet to show significant clinical disease modification. In this review, I describe 10 translational barriers to successful disease modification, highlight current efforts addressing some of these barriers, and discuss how the field could focus future efforts to overcome barriers that are not major foci of current research efforts. Seminal discoveries made over the past 25 years have provided firm rationale for a new generation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapies designed as disease modifying agents that would slow or even reverse the disease course. Unfortunately, no therapy has yet to show significant clinical disease modification. In this review, I describe 10 translational barriers to successful AD disease modification, highlight current efforts addressing some of these barriers, and discuss how the field could focus future efforts to overcome these barriers. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Candida albicans, the most pervasive fungal pathogen that colonizes humans, forms biofilms that are architecturally complex. They consist of a basal yeast cell polylayer and an upper region of hyphae encapsulated in extracellular matrix. However, biofilms formed in vitro vary as a result of the different conditions employed in models, the methods used to assess biofilm formation, strain differences, and, in a most dramatic fashion, the configuration of the mating type locus (MTL). Therefore, integrating data from different studies can lead to problems of interpretation if such variability is not taken into account. Here we review the conditions and factors that cause biofilm variation, with the goal of engendering awareness that more attention must be paid to the strains employed, the methods used to assess biofilm development, every aspect of the model employed, and the configuration of the MTL locus. We end by posing a set of questions that may be asked in comparing the results of different studies and developing protocols for new ones. This review should engender the notion that not all biofilms are created equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Karla J Daniels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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41
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Higaki JN, Chakrabartty A, Galant NJ, Hadley KC, Hammerson B, Nijjar T, Torres R, Tapia JR, Salmans J, Barbour R, Tam SJ, Flanagan K, Zago W, Kinney GG. Novel conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies against amyloidogenic forms of transthyretin. Amyloid 2016; 23:86-97. [PMID: 26981744 PMCID: PMC4898150 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2016.1148025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is caused by the misfolding and deposition of the transthyretin (TTR) protein and results in progressive multi-organ dysfunction. TTR epitopes exposed by dissociation and misfolding are targets for immunotherapeutic antibodies. We developed and characterized antibodies that selectively bound to misfolded, non-native conformations of TTR. METHODS Antibody clones were generated by immunizing mice with an antigenic peptide comprising a cryptotope within the TTR sequence and screened for specific binding to non-native TTR conformations, suppression of in vitro TTR fibrillogenesis, promotion of antibody-dependent phagocytic uptake of mis-folded TTR and specific immunolabeling of ATTR amyloidosis patient-derived tissue. RESULTS Four identified monoclonal antibodies were characterized. These antibodies selectively bound the target epitope on monomeric and non-native misfolded forms of TTR and strongly suppressed TTR fibril formation in vitro. These antibodies bound fluorescently tagged aggregated TTR, targeting it for phagocytic uptake by macrophage THP-1 cells, and amyloid-positive TTR deposits in heart tissue from patients with ATTR amyloidosis, but did not bind to other types of amyloid deposits or normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS Conformation-specific anti-TTR antibodies selectively bind amyloidogenic but not native TTR. These novel antibodies may be therapeutically useful in preventing deposition and promoting clearance of TTR amyloid and in diagnosing TTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avi Chakrabartty
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , and
| | - Natalie J Galant
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , and
| | - Kevin C Hadley
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , and
| | | | | | - Ronald Torres
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jose R Tapia
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Joshua Salmans
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Robin Barbour
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Stephen J Tam
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Ken Flanagan
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wagner Zago
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Gene G Kinney
- a Prothena Biosciences Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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42
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Ramasamy VS, Islam MI, Haque MA, Shin SY, Park IS. β-Amyloid induces nuclear protease-mediated lamin fragmentation independent of caspase activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1189-99. [PMID: 26876308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ), a hallmark peptide of Alzheimer's disease, induces both caspase-dependent apoptosis and non-apoptotic cell death. In this study, we examined caspase-independent non-apoptotic cell death preceding caspase activation in Aβ42-treated cells. We first determined the optimal treatment conditions for inducing cell death without caspase activation and selected a double-treatment method involving the incubation of cells with Aβ42 for 4 and 6 h (4+6 h sample). We observed that levels of lamin A (LA) and lamin B (LB) were reduced in the 4+6 h samples. This reduction was decreased by treatment with suc-AAPF-CMK, an inhibitor of nuclear scaffold (NS) protease, but not by treatment with z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. In addition, suc-AAPF-CMK decreased the changes in nuclear morphology observed in cells in the 4+6 h samples, which were different from nuclear fragmentation observed in STS-treated cells. Furthermore, suc-AAPF-CMK inhibited cell death in the 4+6 h samples. LA and LB fragmentation occurred in the isolated nuclei and was also inhibited by suc-AAPF-CMK. Together, these data indicated that the fragmentation of LA and LB in the Aβ42-treated cells was induced by an NS protease, whose identity is not clearly determined yet. A correlation between Aβ42 toxicity and the lamin fragmentation by NS protease suggests that inhibition of the protease could be an effective method for controlling the pathological process of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sankar Ramasamy
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Imamul Islam
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Aminul Haque
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea; Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea; Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Kulikova AA, Cheglakov IB, Kukharsky MS, Ovchinnikov RK, Kozin SA, Makarov AA. Intracerebral Injection of Metal-Binding Domain of Aβ Comprising the Isomerized Asp7 Increases the Amyloid Burden in Transgenic Mice. Neurotox Res 2016; 29:551-7. [PMID: 26842600 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral or intraperitoneal injections of brain extracts from the Alzheimer's disease patients result in the acceleration of cerebral β-amyloidosis in transgenic mice. Earlier, we have found that intravenous injections of synthetic full-length amyloid-β (Aβ) comprising the isomerized Asp7 trigger cerebral β-amyloidosis. In vitro studies have shown that isomerization of Asp7 promotes zinc-induced oligomerization of the Aβ metal-binding domain (Aβ1-16). Here we report that single intracerebral injection of the peptide Aβ1-16 with isomerized Asp7 (isoAβ1-16) but not the injection of Aβ1-16 significantly increases amyloid burden in 5XFAD transgenic mice. Our results provide evidence for a role of isoAβ1-16 as a minimal seeding agent of Aβ aggregation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Ivan B Cheglakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Michail S Kukharsky
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK.,Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia, 1142432
| | - Ruslan K Ovchinnikov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia, 1142432
| | - Sergey A Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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Roche J, Shen Y, Lee JH, Ying J, Bax A. Monomeric Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) Peptides in Solution Adopt Very Similar Ramachandran Map Distributions That Closely Resemble Random Coil. Biochemistry 2016; 55:762-75. [PMID: 26780756 PMCID: PMC4750080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is characterized
by the aggregation and fibrillation of amyloid peptides Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 into amyloid
plaques. Despite strong potential therapeutic interest, the structural
pathways associated with the conversion of monomeric Aβ peptides
into oligomeric species remain largely unknown. In particular, the
higher aggregation propensity and associated toxicity of Aβ1–42 compared to that of Aβ1–40 are poorly understood. To explore in detail the structural propensity
of the monomeric Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 peptides in solution, we recorded a large set of nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) parameters, including chemical shifts, nuclear Overhauser
effects (NOEs), and J couplings. Systematic comparisons
show that at neutral pH the Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 peptides populate almost indistinguishable coil-like
conformations. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectra collected at very
high resolution remove assignment ambiguities and show no long-range
NOE contacts. Six sets of backbone J couplings (3JHNHα, 3JC′C′, 3JC′Hα, 1JHαCα, 2JNCα, and 1JNCα) recorded
for Aβ1–40 were used as input for the recently
developed MERA Ramachandran map analysis, yielding residue-specific
backbone ϕ/ψ torsion angle distributions that closely
resemble random coil distributions, the absence of a significantly
elevated propensity for β-conformations in the C-terminal region
of the peptide, and a small but distinct propensity for αL at K28. Our results suggest that the self-association of
Aβ peptides into toxic oligomers is not driven by elevated propensities
of the monomeric species to adopt β-strand-like conformations.
Instead, the accelerated disappearance of Aβ NMR signals in
D2O over H2O, particularly pronounced for Aβ1–42, suggests that intermolecular interactions between
the hydrophobic regions of the peptide dominate the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roche
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0510, United States
| | - Yang Shen
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0510, United States
| | - Jung Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0510, United States
| | - Jinfa Ying
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0510, United States
| | - Ad Bax
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0510, United States
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45
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Wang C, Cheng F, Xu L, Jia L. HSA targets multiple Aβ42 species and inhibits the seeding-mediated aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ42 aggregates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HSA inhibits Aβ42 fibrillation and cytotoxicity through interfering with different stages of Aβ42 fibrillation and targeting different Aβ42 intermediate aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
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46
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Helmfors L, Boman A, Civitelli L, Nath S, Sandin L, Janefjord C, McCann H, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Halliday G, Brorsson AC, Kågedal K. Protective properties of lysozyme on β-amyloid pathology: implications for Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 83:122-33. [PMID: 26334479 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of Alzheimer disease are amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accompanied by signs of neuroinflammation. Lysozyme is a major player in the innate immune system and has recently been shown to prevent the aggregation of amyloid-β1-40 in vitro. In this study we found that patients with Alzheimer disease have increased lysozyme levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and lysozyme co-localized with amyloid-β in plaques. In Drosophila neuronal co-expression of lysozyme and amyloid-β1-42 reduced the formation of soluble and insoluble amyloid-β species, prolonged survival and improved the activity of amyloid-β1-42 transgenic flies. This suggests that lysozyme levels rise in Alzheimer disease as a compensatory response to amyloid-β increases and aggregation. In support of this, in vitro aggregation assays revealed that lysozyme associates with amyloid-β1-42 and alters its aggregation pathway to counteract the formation of toxic amyloid-β species. Overall, these studies establish a protective role for lysozyme against amyloid-β associated toxicities and identify increased lysozyme in patients with Alzheimer disease. Therefore, lysozyme has potential as a new biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Helmfors
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andrea Boman
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Livia Civitelli
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sangeeta Nath
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Linnea Sandin
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Camilla Janefjord
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Heather McCann
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Randwick New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 30 Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 30 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Randwick New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Ann-Christin Brorsson
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Katarina Kågedal
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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Liu J, Yang Z, Li H, Gu Z, Garate JA, Zhou R. Dewetting transition assisted clearance of (NFGAILS) amyloid fibrils from cell membranes by graphene. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:22D520. [PMID: 25494791 DOI: 10.1063/1.4901113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of partially ordered oligomers and monomers deposited on cell membrane surfaces is believed to be an effective route to alleviate many potential protein conformational diseases (PCDs). With large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, here we show that graphene nanosheets can easily and quickly win a competitive adsorption of human islet amyloid polypeptides (hIAPP22-28) NFGAILS and associated fibrils against cell membrane, due to graphene's unique two-dimensional, highly hydrophobic surface with its all-sp(2) hybrid structure. A nanoscale dewetting transition was observed at the interfacial region between the fibril (originally deposited on the membrane) and the graphene nanosheet, which significantly assisted the adsorption of fibrils onto graphene from the membrane. The π-π stacking interaction between Phe23 and graphene played a crucial role, providing the driving force for the adsorption at the graphene surface. This study renders new insight towards the importance of water during the interactions between amyloid peptides, the phospholipidic membrane, and graphene, which might shed some light on future developments of graphene-based nanomedicine for preventing/curing PCDs like type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Bio-X Lab, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zonglin Gu
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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48
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Breydo L, Uversky VN. Structural, morphological, and functional diversity of amyloid oligomers. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2640-8. [PMID: 26188543 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are known to play a crucial role in a number of important human diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, prion, diabetes, cataracts, etc.) as well as in a multitude of physiological processes. Protein aggregation is a highly complex process resulting in a variety of aggregates with different structures and morphologies. Oligomeric protein aggregates (amyloid oligomers) are formed as both intermediates and final products of the aggregation process. They are believed to play an important role in many protein aggregation-related diseases, and many of them are highly cytotoxic. Due to their instability and structural heterogeneity, information about structure, mechanism of formation, and physiological effects of amyloid oligomers is sparse. This review attempts to summarize the existing information on the major properties of amyloid oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Breydo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Fibril growth and seeding capacity play key roles in α-synuclein-mediated apoptotic cell death. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:2107-22. [PMID: 26138444 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular α-synuclein (α-syn) in the initiation and the spreading of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been studied extensively over the past 10 years. However, the nature of the α-syn toxic species and the molecular mechanisms by which they may contribute to neuronal cell loss remain controversial. In this study, we show that fully characterized recombinant monomeric, fibrillar or stabilized forms of oligomeric α-syn do not trigger significant cell death when added individually to neuroblastoma cell lines. However, a mixture of preformed fibrils (PFFs) with monomeric α-syn becomes toxic under conditions that promote their growth and amyloid formation. In hippocampal primary neurons and ex vivo hippocampal slice cultures, α-syn PFFs are capable of inducing a moderate toxicity over time that is greatly exacerbated upon promoting fibril growth by addition of monomeric α-syn. The causal relationship between α-syn aggregation and cellular toxicity was further investigated by assessing the effect of inhibiting fibrillization on α-syn-induced cell death. Remarkably, our data show that blocking fibril growth by treatment with known pharmacological inhibitor of α-syn fibrillization (Tolcapone) or replacing monomeric α-syn by monomeric β-synuclein in α-syn mixture composition prevent α-syn-induced toxicity in both neuroblastoma cell lines and hippocampal primary neurons. We demonstrate that exogenously added α-syn fibrils bind to the plasma membrane and serve as nucleation sites for the formation of α-syn fibrils and promote the accumulation and internalization of these aggregates that in turn activate both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic cell death pathways in our cellular models. Our results support the hypothesis that ongoing aggregation and fibrillization of extracellular α-syn play central roles in α-syn extracellular toxicity, and suggest that inhibiting fibril growth and seeding capacity constitute a viable strategy for protecting against α-syn-induced toxicity and slowing the progression of neurodegeneration in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Adewusi EA, Steenkamp V. Medicinal plants and their derivatives with amyloid beta inhibitory activity as potential targets for drug discovery. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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