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Alberry B, Silveira PP. Brain insulin signaling as a potential mediator of early life adversity effects on physical and mental health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105350. [PMID: 37544390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In numerous brain structures, insulin signaling modulates the homeostatic processes, sensitivity to reward pathways, executive function, memory, and cognition. Through human studies and animal models, mounting evidence implicates central insulin signaling in the metabolic, physiological, and psychological consequences of early life adversity. In this review, we describe the consequences of early life adversity in the brain where insulin signaling is a key factor and how insulin may moderate the effects of adversity on psychiatric and cardio-metabolic health outcomes. Further understanding of how early life adversity and insulin signaling impact specific brain regions and mental and physical health outcomes will assist in prevention, diagnosis, and potential intervention following early life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Alberry
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Sullivan M, Fernandez-Aranda F, Camacho-Barcia L, Harkin A, Macrì S, Mora-Maltas B, Jiménez-Murcia S, O'Leary A, Ottomana AM, Presta M, Slattery D, Scholtz S, Glennon JC. Insulin and Disorders of Behavioural Flexibility. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105169. [PMID: 37059405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural inflexibility is a symptom of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease, encompassing the maintenance of a behaviour even when no longer appropriate. Recent evidence suggests that insulin signalling has roles apart from its regulation of peripheral metabolism and mediates behaviourally-relevant central nervous system (CNS) functions including behavioural flexibility. Indeed, insulin resistance is reported to generate anxious, perseverative phenotypes in animal models, with the Type 2 diabetes medication metformin proving to be beneficial for disorders including Alzheimer's Disease. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies of Type 2 diabetes patients have highlighted aberrant connectivity in regions governing salience detection, attention, inhibition and memory. As currently available therapeutic strategies feature high rates of resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand the complex aetiology of behaviour and develop improved therapeutics. In this review, we explore the circuitry underlying behavioural flexibility, changes in Type 2 diabetes, the role of insulin in CNS outcomes and mechanisms of insulin involvement across disorders of behavioural inflexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairéad Sullivan
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Harkin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Macrì
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aet O'Leary
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Angela Maria Ottomana
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Presta
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Actions and Consequences of Insulin in the Striatum. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030518. [PMID: 36979453 PMCID: PMC10046598 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin crosses the blood–brain barrier to enter the brain from the periphery. In the brain, insulin has well-established actions in the hypothalamus, as well as at the level of mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the midbrain. Notably, insulin also acts in the striatum, which shows abundant expression of insulin receptors (InsRs) throughout. These receptors are found on interneurons and striatal projections neurons, as well as on glial cells and dopamine axons. A striking functional consequence of insulin elevation in the striatum is promoting an increase in stimulated dopamine release. This boosting of dopamine release involves InsRs on cholinergic interneurons, and requires activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopamine axons. Opposing this dopamine-enhancing effect, insulin also increases dopamine uptake through the action of insulin at InsRs on dopamine axons. Insulin acts on other striatal cells as well, including striatal projection neurons and astrocytes that also influence dopaminergic transmission and striatal function. Linking these cellular findings to behavior, striatal insulin signaling is required for the development of flavor–nutrient learning, implicating insulin as a reward signal in the brain. In this review, we discuss these and other actions of insulin in the striatum, including how they are influenced by diet and other physio-logical states.
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Impulsive Personality Traits Predicted Weight Loss in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes after 3 Years of Lifestyle Interventions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123476. [PMID: 35743546 PMCID: PMC9224680 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may negatively impact its management. This study aimed to investigate impulsive personality traits in an older adult population with T2D and their predicting role in long-term weight control and glycemic management, through glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), following 3 years of intervention with a Mediterranean diet. The Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) was administered as a measure of impulsive traits at baseline. Results showed higher total baseline scores of UPPS-P, and higher positive urgency in individuals with T2D, compared with those without T2D. The regression analysis in patients with T2D showed that sensation seeking and lack of perseverance predicted weight loss at follow-up. By contrast, impulsive traits did not predict follow-up levels of HbA1c. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that higher impulsive traits in individuals with T2D seem to affect long-term weight control, but not glycemic control.
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Compensatory Role of Insulin in the Extinction but Not Reinstatement of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1565-1573. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Testa G, Mora-Maltas B, Camacho-Barcia L, Granero R, Lucas I, Agüera Z, Jiménez-Murcia S, Baños R, Bertaina-Anglade V, Botella C, Bulló M, Casanueva FF, Dalsgaard S, Fernández-Real JM, Franke B, Frühbeck G, Fitó M, Gómez-Martínez C, Pintó X, Poelmans G, Tinahones FJ, de la Torre R, Salas-Salvadó J, Serra-Majem L, Vos S, Wimberley T, Fernández-Aranda F. Transdiagnostic Perspective of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Obesity: From Cognitive Profile to Self-Reported Dimensions in Clinical Samples with and without Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124426. [PMID: 34959979 PMCID: PMC8707121 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsive and compulsive behaviors have both been observed in individuals with obesity. The co-occurrence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more strongly associated with impulsivity, although there are no conclusive results yet. A multidimensional assessment of impulsivity and compulsivity was conducted in individuals with obesity in the absence or presence of T2D, compared with healthy, normal-weight individuals, with highly impulsive patients (gambling disorders), and with highly compulsive patients (anorexia nervosa). Decision making and novelty seeking were used to measure impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility and harm avoidance were used for compulsivity. For impulsivity, patients with obesity and T2D showed poorer decision-making ability compared with healthy individuals. For compulsivity, individuals with only obesity presented less cognitive flexibility and high harm avoidance; these dimensions were not associated with obesity with T2D. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms associated with diabetes and its association with impulsive–compulsive behaviors, confirming the hypothesis that patients with obesity and T2D would be characterized by higher levels of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Testa
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (G.T.); (B.M.-M.); (L.C.-B.); (I.L.); (Z.A.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (G.T.); (B.M.-M.); (L.C.-B.); (I.L.); (Z.A.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (G.T.); (B.M.-M.); (L.C.-B.); (I.L.); (Z.A.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Roser Granero
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (G.T.); (B.M.-M.); (L.C.-B.); (I.L.); (Z.A.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (G.T.); (B.M.-M.); (L.C.-B.); (I.L.); (Z.A.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (G.T.); (B.M.-M.); (L.C.-B.); (I.L.); (Z.A.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Baños
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Instituto Polibienestar, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Botella
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Basic Psychology Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University (USC) and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad Y Nutricion (Ciberobn), 15705 Santiago de Compostela A Coruña, Spain
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University and iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (Copenhagen-Aarhus), DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Martínez
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), University Pompeu Fabra (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Stephanie Vos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Theresa Wimberley
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (G.T.); (B.M.-M.); (L.C.-B.); (I.L.); (Z.A.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (F.F.C.); (J.-M.F.-R.); (G.F.); (M.F.); (C.G.-M.); (X.P.); (F.J.T.); (R.d.l.T.); (J.S.-S.); (L.S.-M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-2607227
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Valentina S, Blasio A, Ferragud A, Quadir SG, Iyer MR, Rice KC, Cottone P. Characterization of a differential reinforcement of low rates of responding task in non-deprived male and female rats: Role of Sigma-1 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108786. [PMID: 34516984 PMCID: PMC9869339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive action can be defined as the inability to withhold a response and represents one of the dimensions of the broad construct impulsivity. Here, we characterized a modified differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) task developed in our laboratory, in which impulsive action is measured in ad libitum fed/watered subjects. Specifically, we first determined the effects of both sex and estrous cycle on impulsive action by systematically comparing male and estrous-synchronized female subjects. In addition, we evaluated the convergent validity of this modified DRL task by testing the effects of the D2R/5HT2AR antagonist, aripiprazole, and the noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist, MK-801. Finally, we tested the effects of the selective antagonist BD-1063 and agonist PRE-084 of Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) on impulsive action using this modified DRL task. We found that female rats showed and increased inability to withhold a response when compared to males, and this effect was driven by the metestrus/diestrus phase of the estrous cycle. In addition, aripiprazole and MK-801 fully retained their capability to reduce and increase impulsive action, respectively. Finally, the selective Sig-1R antagonist, BD-1063 dose-dependently reduced the inability to withhold a response in both sexes, though more potently in female rats. In summary, we show that impulsive action, as measured in a modified DRL task which minimizes energy-homeostatic influences, is a function of both sex and estrous cycle. Furthermore, we validate the convergent validity of the task and provide evidence that Sig-1R antagonism may represent a novel pharmacological strategy to reduce impulsive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Valentina
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Angelo Blasio
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Ferragud
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sema G Quadir
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pietro Cottone
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Batra A, Latsko M, Portella AK, Silveira PP. Early adversity and insulin: neuroendocrine programming beyond glucocorticoids. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:1031-1043. [PMID: 34635400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to direct or contextual adversities during early life programs the functioning of the brain and other biological systems, contributing to the development of physical as well as mental health issues in the long term. While the role of glucocorticoids in mediating the outcomes of early adversity has been explored for many years, less attention has been given to insulin. Beyond its metabolic effects in the periphery, central insulin action affects synaptic plasticity, brain neurotransmission, and executive functions. Knowledge about the interactions between the peripheral metabolism and brain function from a developmental perspective can contribute to prevention and diagnosis programs, as well as early interventions for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashita Batra
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maeson Latsko
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Healthy Brains for Healthy Lives, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andre Krumel Portella
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Koekkoek LL, Kool T, Eggels L, van der Gun LL, Lamuadni K, Slomp M, Diepenbroek C, Serlie MJ, Kalsbeek A, la Fleur SE. Activation of nucleus accumbens μ-opioid receptors enhances the response to a glycaemic challenge. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13036. [PMID: 34528311 PMCID: PMC9286654 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are known to affect blood glucose levels but their exact role in the physiological control of glucose metabolism remains unclear. Although there are numerous studies investigating the peripheral effects of opioid stimulation, little is known about how central opioids control blood glucose and which brain areas are involved. One brain area possibly involved is the nucleus accumbens because, as well as being a key site for opioid effects on food intake, it has also been implicated in the control of blood glucose levels. Within the nucleus accumbens, μ-opioid receptors are most abundantly expressed. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of μ-opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens in the control of glucose metabolism. We show that infusion of the μ-opioid receptor agonist [d-Ala2 , N-MePhe4 , Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) in the nucleus accumbens by itself does not affect blood glucose levels, but it enhances the glycaemic response after both an insulin tolerance test, as well as a glucose tolerance test. These findings indicate that the nucleus accumbens plays a role in the central effects of opioids on glucose metabolism, and highlight the possibility of nucleus accumbens μ-opioid receptors as a therapeutic target for enhancing the counter-regulatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Koekkoek
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tess Kool
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leslie Eggels
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Luna L. van der Gun
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Khalid Lamuadni
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Margo Slomp
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charlene Diepenbroek
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mireillle J. Serlie
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration MechanismsAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Susanne E. la Fleur
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCLaboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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10
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Ryan RM, Ingram SL, Scimemi A. Regulation of Glutamate, GABA and Dopamine Transporter Uptake, Surface Mobility and Expression. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:670346. [PMID: 33927596 PMCID: PMC8076567 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.670346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter transporters limit spillover between synapses and maintain the extracellular neurotransmitter concentration at low yet physiologically meaningful levels. They also exert a key role in providing precursors for neurotransmitter biosynthesis. In many cases, neurons and astrocytes contain a large intracellular pool of transporters that can be redistributed and stabilized in the plasma membrane following activation of different signaling pathways. This means that the uptake capacity of the brain neuropil for different neurotransmitters can be dynamically regulated over the course of minutes, as an indirect consequence of changes in neuronal activity, blood flow, cell-to-cell interactions, etc. Here we discuss recent advances in the mechanisms that control the cell membrane trafficking and biophysical properties of transporters for the excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae M. Ryan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan L. Ingram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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11
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Sallam NA, Borgland SL. Insulin and endocannabinoids in the mesolimbic system. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12965. [PMID: 33856071 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Easy access to palatable food and an abundance of food-related cues exacerbate non-homeostatic feeding. The metabolic and economical sequelae of non-homeostatic feeding outweigh those of homeostatic feeding and contribute significantly to the global obesity pandemic. The mesolimbic dopamine system is the primary central circuit that governs the motivation to consume food. Insulin and endocannabinoids (eCBs) are two major, presumably opposing, players in regulating homeostatic and non-homeostatic feeding centrally and peripherally. Insulin is generally regarded as a postprandial satiety signal, whereas eCBs mainly function as pre-prandial orexinergic signals. In this review, we discuss the effects of insulin and eCB-mediated actions within the mesolimbic pathways. We propose that insulin and eCBs have regional- and time course-dependent roles. We discuss their mechanisms of actions in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, as well as how their mechanisms converge to finely tune dopaminergic activity and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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12
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López‐Gambero AJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Energy sensors in drug addiction: A potential therapeutic target. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12936. [PMID: 32638485 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is defined as the repeated exposure and compulsive seek of psychotropic drugs that, despite the harmful effects, generate relapse after the abstinence period. The psychophysiological processes associated with drug addiction (acquisition/expression, withdrawal, and relapse) imply important alterations in neurotransmission and changes in presynaptic and postsynaptic plasticity and cellular structure (neuroadaptations) in neurons of the reward circuits (dopaminergic neuronal activity) and other corticolimbic regions. These neuroadaptation mechanisms imply important changes in neuronal energy balance and protein synthesis machinery. Scientific literature links drug-induced stimulation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways along with presence of neurotrophic factors with alterations in synaptic plasticity and membrane excitability driven by metabolic sensors. Here, we provide current knowledge of the role of molecular targets that constitute true metabolic/energy sensors such as AMPK, mTOR, ERK, or KATP in the development of the different phases of addiction standing out the main brain regions (ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and amygdala) constituting the hubs in the development of addiction. Because the available treatments show very limited effectiveness, evaluating the drug efficacy of AMPK and mTOR specific modulators opens up the possibility of testing novel pharmacotherapies for an individualized approach in drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jesús López‐Gambero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
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13
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Subba R, Sandhir R, Singh SP, Mallick BN, Mondal AC. Pathophysiology linking depression and type 2 diabetes: Psychotherapy, physical exercise, and fecal microbiome transplantation as damage control. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2870-2900. [PMID: 33529409 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the likelihood of developing depression and vice versa. Research on this bidirectional association has somewhat managed to delineate the interplay among implicated physiological processes. Still, further exploration is required in this context. This review addresses the comorbidity by investigating suspected common pathophysiological mechanisms. One such factor is psychological stress which disturbs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causing hormonal imbalance. This includes elevated cortisol levels, a common biomarker of both depression and diabetes. Disrupted insulin signaling drives the hampered neurotransmission of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Also, adipokine hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin and the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, are involved in both depression and T2DM. This disarray further interferes with physiological processes encompassing sleep, the gut-brain axis, metabolism, and mood stability. Behavioral coping mechanisms, such as unhealthy eating, mediate disturbed glucose homeostasis, and neuroinflammation. This is intricately linked to oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, interventions such as psychotherapy, physical exercise, fecal microbiota transplantation, and insulin-sensitizing agents can help to manage the distressing condition. The possibility of glucagon-like peptide 1 possessing a therapeutic role has also been discussed. Nonetheless, there stands an urgent need for unraveling new correlating targets and biological markers for efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Subba
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Duszka K, Gregor A, Reichel MW, Baierl A, Fahrngruber C, König J. Visual stimulation with food pictures in the regulation of hunger hormones and nutrient deposition, a potential contributor to the obesity crisis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232099. [PMID: 32330183 PMCID: PMC7182185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Food cues affect hunger and nutritional choices. Omnipresent stimulation with palatable food contributes to the epidemics of obesity. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of food cues on appetite-related hormones and to assess the functionality of the secreted hormones on macronutrient uptake in healthy subjects. Additionally, we aimed at verifying differences in the response of total and active ghrelin to stimulation with food pictures and to a meal followed by the stimulation. We were also interested in the identification of factors contributing to response to food cues. We recruited healthy, non-obese participants for two independent cross-over studies. During the first study, the subjects were presented random non-food pictures on the first day and pictures of foods on the second day of the study. Throughout the second study, following the picture session, the participants were additionally asked to drink a milkshake. Concentrations of blood glucose, triglycerides and hunger-related hormones were measured. The results showed that concentrations of several hormones measured in the blood are interdependent. In the case of ghrelin and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) as well as ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), this co-occurrence relies on the visual cues. Regulation of total ghrelin concentration following food stimulation is highly individual and responders showed upregulated total ghrelin, while the concentration of active ghrelin decreases following a meal. Protein content and colour intensity of food pictures reversely correlated with participants’ rating of the pictures. We conclude that observation of food pictures influences the concentration of several appetite-related hormones. The close link of visual clues to physiological responses is likely of clinical relevance. Additionally, the protein content of displayed foods and green colour intensity in pictures may serve as a predictor of subjective attractiveness of the presented meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - András Gregor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Neuropharmacological interventions in preclinical translational models of impulsivity have tremendously contributed to a better understanding of the neurochemistry and neural basis of impulsive behaviour. In this regard, much progress has been made over the last years, also due to the introduction of novel techniques in behavioural neuroscience such as optogenetics and chemogenetics. In this chapter, we will provide an update of how the behavioural pharmacology field has progressed and built upon existing data since an earlier review we wrote in 2008. To this aim, we will first give a brief background on preclinical translational models of impulsivity. Next, recent interesting evidence of monoaminergic modulation of impulsivity will be highlighted with a focus on the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Finally, we will close the chapter by discussing some novel directions and drug leads in the neuropharmacological modulation of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
Addiction to substances such as alcohol, cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamine poses a continuing clinical and public challenge globally. Despite progress in understanding substance use disorders, challenges remain in their treatment. Some of these challenges include limited ability of therapeutics to reach the brain (blood-brain barrier), adverse systemic side effects of current medications, and importantly key aspects of addiction not addressed by currently available treatments (such as cognitive impairment). Inability to sustain abstinence or seek treatment due to cognitive deficits such as poor decision-making and impulsivity is known to cause poor treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide an evidenced-based rationale for intranasal drug delivery as a viable and safe treatment modality to bypass the blood-brain barrier and target insulin to the brain to improve the treatment of addiction. Intranasal insulin with improvement of brain cell energy and glucose metabolism, stress hormone reduction, and improved monoamine transmission may be an ideal approach for treating multiple domains of addiction including memory and impulsivity. This may provide additional benefits to enhance current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Kashyap
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA.
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Leah R Hanson
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | - William H Frey Ii
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Liu S, Borgland SL. Insulin actions in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Hari Dass SA, McCracken K, Pokhvisneva I, Chen LM, Garg E, Nguyen TTT, Wang Z, Barth B, Yaqubi M, McEwen LM, MacIsaac JL, Diorio J, Kobor MS, O'Donnell KJ, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. A biologically-informed polygenic score identifies endophenotypes and clinical conditions associated with the insulin receptor function on specific brain regions. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:188-202. [PMID: 30922963 PMCID: PMC6491717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of brain insulin receptors modulates reward sensitivity, inhibitory control and memory. Variations in the functioning of this mechanism likely associate with individual differences in the risk for related mental disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD, addiction, dementia), in agreement with the high co-morbidity between insulin resistance and psychopathology. These neurobiological mechanisms can be explored using genetic studies. We propose a novel, biologically informed genetic score reflecting the mesocorticolimbic and hippocampal insulin receptor-related gene networks, and investigate if it predicts endophenotypes (impulsivity, cognitive ability) in community samples of children, and psychopathology (addiction, dementia) in adults. Methods Lists of genes co-expressed with the insulin receptor in the mesocorticolimbic system or hippocampus were created. SNPs from these genes (post-clumping) were compiled in a polygenic score using the association betas described in a conventional GWAS (ADHD in the mesocorticolimbic score and Alzheimer in the hippocampal score). Across multiple samples (n = 4502), the biologically informed, mesocorticolimbic or hippocampal specific insulin receptor polygenic scores were calculated, and their ability to predict impulsivity, risk for addiction, cognitive performance and presence of Alzheimer's disease was investigated. Findings The biologically-informed ePRS-IR score showed better prediction of child impulsivity and cognitive performance, as well as risk for addiction and Alzheimer's disease in comparison to conventional polygenic scores for ADHD, addiction and dementia. Interpretation This novel, biologically-informed approach enables the use of genomic datasets to probe relevant biological processes involved in neural function and disorders. Fund Toxic Stress Research network of the JPB Foundation, Jacobs Foundation (Switzerland), Sackler Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantala A Hari Dass
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Kathryn McCracken
- John Abbott College, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lawrence M Chen
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Elika Garg
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Thao T T Nguyen
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Zihan Wang
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Barbara Barth
- McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lisa M McEwen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Julie L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Josie Diorio
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 117609, Singapore
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
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19
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Naef L, Seabrook L, Hsiao J, Li C, Borgland SL. Insulin in the ventral tegmental area reduces cocaine-evoked dopamine in the nucleus accumbens in vivo. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2146-2155. [PMID: 30471157 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine circuits, implicated in incentive motivation, are sensitive to changes in metabolic state such as weight loss and diet-induced obesity. These neurons are important targets for metabolic hormones such as leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin and insulin. Insulin receptors are located on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and we have previously demonstrated that insulin induces long-term depression of excitatory synapses onto VTA dopamine neurons. While insulin can decrease dopamine concentration in somatodendritic regions, it can increase dopamine in striatal slices. Whether insulin directly targets the VTA to alter dopamine release in projection areas, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), remains unknown. The main goal of the present experiments was to examine NAc dopamine concentration following VTA administration of insulin. Using in vivo FSCV to detect rapid fluctuations in dopamine concentration, we showed that intra-VTA insulin via action at insulin receptors reduced pedunculopontine nucleus-evoked dopamine release in the NAc. Furthermore, intra-VTA insulin reduced cocaine-potentiated NAc dopamine. Finally, intra-VTA or intranasal insulin decreased locomotor responses to cocaine, an effect blocked by an intra-VTA administered insulin receptor antagonist. Together, these data demonstrate that mesolimbic dopaminergic projections are important targets of the metabolic hormone, insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Naef
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lauren Seabrook
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeff Hsiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calvin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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20
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Silveira PP, Pokhvisneva I, Gaudreau H, Rifkin-Graboi A, Broekman BFP, Steiner M, Levitan R, Parent C, Diorio J, Meaney MJ. Birth weight and catch up growth are associated with childhood impulsivity in two independent cohorts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13705. [PMID: 30209275 PMCID: PMC6135839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are more impulsive towards palatable foods, but it is not clear 1) if IUGR-related impulsivity is specific for foods and solely based on response inhibition and 2) if the development of impulsivity is due to being born IUGR per se or to growing up fast in the first few years of life (catch up growth). Children were classified in the IUGR group if the birth weight ratio was below 0.85. Delta z score for BMI was used as a measure of catch up growth. In MAVAN (N = 274), impulsivity was measured by the Information Sampling Task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (IST - CANTAB), and in GUSTO using the Sticker Delay Task (N = 327). There is a significant effect of interaction between being born IUGR and the magnitude of catch up growth on the reflection impulsivity from IST-CANTAB at 60 months, in which greater catch up growth associates with greater impulsivity in the IST fixed condition in IUGR children. The finding was reproduced in children from the GUSTO cohort using the Sticker Delay Task. We confirmed that catch up growth interacts with IUGR, having a major role in the development of impulsivity in the first years of life and influencing inhibitory control and decision making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University & Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Hélène Gaudreau
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Robert Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Carine Parent
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Josie Diorio
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University & Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Patel JC, Stouffer MA, Mancini M, Nicholson C, Carr KD, Rice ME. Interactions between insulin and diet on striatal dopamine uptake kinetics in rodent brain slices. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:794-804. [PMID: 29791756 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diet influences dopamine transmission in motor- and reward-related basal ganglia circuitry. In part, this reflects diet-dependent regulation of circulating and brain insulin levels. Activation of striatal insulin receptors amplifies axonal dopamine release in brain slices, and regulates food preference in vivo. The effect of insulin on dopamine release is indirect, and requires striatal cholinergic interneurons that express insulin receptors. However, insulin also acts directly on dopamine axons to increase dopamine uptake by promoting dopamine transporter (DAT) surface expression, counteracting enhanced dopamine release. Here, we determined the functional consequences of acute insulin exposure and chronic diet-induced changes in insulin on DAT activity after evoked dopamine release in striatal slices from adult ad-libitum fed (AL) rats and mice, and food-restricted (FR) or high-fat/high-sugar obesogenic (OB) diet rats. Uptake kinetics were assessed by fitting evoked dopamine transients to the Michaelis-Menten equation and extracting Cpeak and Vmax . Insulin (30 nm) increased both parameters in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens core of AL rats in an insulin receptor- and PI3-kinase-dependent manner. A pure effect of insulin on uptake was unmasked using mice lacking striatal acetylcholine, in which increased Vmax caused a decrease in Cpeak . Diet also influenced Vmax , which was lower in FR vs. AL. The effects of insulin on Cpeak and Vmax were amplified by FR but blunted by OB, consistent with opposite consequences of these diets on insulin levels and insulin receptor sensitivity. Overall, these data reveal acute and chronic effects of insulin and diet on dopamine release and uptake that will influence brain reward pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Melissa A Stouffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Nicholson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth D Carr
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Enhanced amphetamine-induced motor impulsivity and mild attentional impairment in the leptin-deficient rat model of obesity. Physiol Behav 2018; 192:134-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Eckstrand KL, Mummareddy N, Kang H, Cowan R, Zhou M, Zald D, Silver HJ, Niswender KD, Avison MJ. An insulin resistance associated neural correlate of impulsivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189113. [PMID: 29228027 PMCID: PMC5724830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central insulin resistance (IR) influences striatal dopamine (DA) tone, an important determinant of behavioral self-regulation. We hypothesized that an association exists between the degree of peripheral IR and impulse control, mediated by the impact of IR on brain circuits controlling the speed of executing “go” and/or “stop” responses. We measured brain activation and associated performance on a stop signal task (SST) in obese adults with type 2 diabetes (age, 48.1 ± 6.9 yrs (mean ± SD); BMI, 36.5 ± 4.0 kg/m2; HOMA-IR, 7.2 ± 4.1; 12 male, 18 female). Increasing IR, but not BMI, was a predictor of shorter critical stop signal delay (cSSD), a measure of the time window during which a go response can be successfully countermanded (R2 = 0.12). This decline was explained by an IR-associated increase in go speed (R2 = 0.13) with little impact of IR or BMI on stop speed. Greater striatal fMRI activation contrast in stop error (SE) compared with stop success (SS) trials (CONSE>SS) was a significant predictor of faster go speeds (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.002), and was itself predicted by greater IR (CONSE>SS vs HOMA-IR: R2 = 0.10, p = 0.04). Furthermore, this impact of IR on striatal activation was a significant mediator of the faster go speeds and greater impulsivity observed with greater IR. These findings suggest a neural mechanism by which IR may increase impulsivity and degrade behavioral self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Eckstrand
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Nishit Mummareddy
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ronald Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Minchun Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - David Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Heidi J. Silver
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Malcolm J. Avison
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Bouhlal S, Ellefsen KN, Sheskier MB, Singley E, Pirard S, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA, Leggio L. Acute effects of intravenous cocaine administration on serum concentrations of ghrelin, amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, leptin and peptide YY and relationships with cardiorespiratory and subjective responses. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:68-75. [PMID: 28881319 PMCID: PMC5654385 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food intake and use of drugs of abuse like cocaine share common central and peripheral physiological pathways. Appetitive hormones play a major role in regulating food intake; however, little is known about the effects of acute cocaine administration on the blood concentrations of these hormones in cocaine users. METHODS We evaluated serum concentrations of six appetitive hormones: ghrelin (total and acyl-ghrelin), amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, leptin and peptide YY (PYY), as well as acute cardiorespiratory and subjective responses of 8 experienced cocaine users who received 25mg intravenous (IV) cocaine. RESULTS Serum concentrations of GLP-1 (p=0.014) and PYY (p=0.036) were significantly decreased one hour following IV cocaine administration; there was a trend towards a decrease for insulin (p=0.055) and amylin (p=0.063) concentrations, while no significant IV cocaine effect was observed for ghrelin (total or acyl-ghrelin) or leptin concentrations (p's≫>0.5). We also observed associations between hormone concentrations acutely affected by IV cocaine (GLP-1, PYY, insulin, amylin) and some cocaine-related cardiorespiratory and subjective responses (e.g., increased heart and respiratory rates; feeling high and anxious). DISCUSSION These findings show a significant effect of acute IV cocaine administration on some appetitive hormones and suggest potential associations between these hormones and cocaine-related cardiorespiratory and subjective responses. Additional research is needed to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlining these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bouhlal
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Kayla N. Ellefsen
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Mikela B. Sheskier
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Erick Singley
- Clinical Core Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Sandrine Pirard
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - David A. Gorelick
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
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25
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Hamidovic A. Targeting Mediators of Smoking Persistence with Intranasal Insulin. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:706. [PMID: 29085297 PMCID: PMC5649209 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid-acting, non-irritating nasal treatment options for smoking cessation pharmacotherapy are lacking. The halt in development is due, in part, to difficulty in delivering compounds across the blood brain barrier. Recently, in both human and animal models, insulin was shown to be capable of being transported to the cerebrospinal fluid and various brain regions via the “nose-to-brain” pathway, which bypasses the blood brain barrier, but is not free of its own unique, though different from blood brain barrier, challenges. This review will first evaluate and critique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evidence of intranasal insulin (i.e., nose-to-brain) delivery. As intranasal insulin has been shown in clinical trials to be effective in reducing nicotine cravings, in the remainder of the review, hypothesis-generating literature for additional mediators (i.e., other than the already shown nicotine craving) of smoking persistence will be reviewed. In particular, weight gain, impulsive behavior, and anhedonia have been shown to contribute to the inability to quit smoking. For each of these, after reviewing how the mediator promotes smoking, intranasal insulin literature from animal and clinical models will be critiqued in assessing whether a hypothesis may be generated that intranasal insulin may alleviate it, thereby potentially contributing to a successful smoking cessation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajna Hamidovic
- Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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26
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Ma S, Santhosh D, Kumar T P, Huang Z. A Brain-Region-Specific Neural Pathway Regulating Germinal Matrix Angiogenesis. Dev Cell 2017; 41:366-381.e4. [PMID: 28535372 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intimate communication between neural and vascular cells is critical for normal brain development and function. Germinal matrix (GM), a key primordium for the brain reward circuitry, is unique among brain regions for its distinct pace of angiogenesis and selective vulnerability to hemorrhage during development. A major neonatal condition, GM hemorrhage can lead to cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, and mental retardation. Here we identify a brain-region-specific neural progenitor-based signaling pathway dedicated to regulating GM vessel development. This pathway consists of cell-surface sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, an intracellular cascade including Gα co-factor Ric8a and p38 MAPK, and target gene integrin β8, which in turn regulates vascular TGF-β signaling. These findings provide insights into region-specific specialization of neurovascular communication, with special implications for deciphering potent early-life endocrine, as well as potential gut microbiota impacts on brain reward circuitry. They also identify tissue-specific molecular targets for GM hemorrhage intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Ma
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA
| | - Devi Santhosh
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Program in Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA
| | - Peeyush Kumar T
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA; Program in Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA.
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27
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Tiedemann LJ, Schmid SM, Hettel J, Giesen K, Francke P, Büchel C, Brassen S. Central insulin modulates food valuation via mesolimbic pathways. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16052. [PMID: 28719580 PMCID: PMC5520049 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Central insulin is thought to act at the neural interface between metabolic and hedonic drives to eat. Here, using pharmacological fMRI, we show that intranasal insulin (INI) changes the value of food cues through modulation of mesolimbic pathways. Overnight fasted participants rated the palatability of food pictures and attractiveness of non-food items (control) after receiving INI or placebo. We report that INI reduces ratings of food palatability and value signals in mesolimbic regions in individuals with normal insulin sensitivity. Connectivity analyses reveal insulinergic inhibition of forward projections from the ventral tegmentum to the nucleus accumbens. Importantly, the strength of this modulation predicts decrease of palatability ratings, directly linking neural findings to behaviour. In insulin-resistant participants however, we observe reduced food values and aberrant central insulin action. These data demonstrate how central insulin modulates the cross-talk between homeostatic and non-homeostatic feeding systems, suggesting that dysfunctions of these neural interactions may promote metabolic disorders. The influence of insulin on food preference and the corresponding underlying neural circuits are unknown in humans. Here, the authors show that increasing insulin changes food preference by modulating mesolimbic neural circuits, and that this pattern is changed in insulin-resistant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Tiedemann
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Judith Hettel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Giesen
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Francke
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brassen
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Merker S, Reif A, Ziegler GC, Weber H, Mayer U, Ehlis AC, Conzelmann A, Johansson S, Müller-Reible C, Nanda I, Haaf T, Ullmann R, Romanos M, Fallgatter AJ, Pauli P, Strekalova T, Jansch C, Vasquez AA, Haavik J, Ribasés M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Buitelaar JK, Franke B, Lesch KP. SLC2A3 single-nucleotide polymorphism and duplication influence cognitive processing and population-specific risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:798-809. [PMID: 28224622 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with profound cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial impairments with persistence across the life cycle. Our initial genome-wide screening approach for copy number variants (CNVs) in ADHD implicated a duplication of SLC2A3, encoding glucose transporter-3 (GLUT3). GLUT3 plays a critical role in cerebral glucose metabolism, providing energy for the activity of neurons, which, in turn, moderates the excitatory-inhibitory balance impacting both brain development and activity-dependent neural plasticity. We therefore aimed to provide additional genetic and functional evidence for GLUT3 dysfunction in ADHD. METHODS Case-control association analyses of SLC2A3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CNVs were conducted in several European cohorts of patients with childhood and adult ADHD (SNP, n = 1,886 vs. 1,988; CNV, n = 1,692 vs. 1,721). These studies were complemented by SLC2A3 expression analyses in peripheral cells, functional EEG recordings during neurocognitive tasks, and ratings of food energy content. RESULTS Meta-analysis of all cohorts detected an association of SNP rs12842 with ADHD. While CNV analysis detected a population-specific enrichment of SLC2A3 duplications only in German ADHD patients, the CNV + rs12842 haplotype influenced ADHD risk in both the German and Spanish cohorts. Duplication carriers displayed elevated SLC2A3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood cells and altered event-related potentials reflecting deficits in working memory and cognitive response control, both endophenotypic traits of ADHD, and an underestimation of energy units of high-caloric food. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that both common and rare SLC2A3 variation impacting regulation of neuronal glucose utilization and energy homeostasis may result in neurocognitive deficits known to contribute to ADHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Merker
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, ADHD Clinical Research Unit, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg C Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, ADHD Clinical Research Unit, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, ADHD Clinical Research Unit, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ute Mayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, ADHD Clinical Research Unit, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Psychology I, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Indrajit Nanda
- Department of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Department of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology I, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, ADHD Clinical Research Unit, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Charline Jansch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, ADHD Clinical Research Unit, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Haavik
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, ADHD Clinical Research Unit, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Fordahl SC, Jones SR. High-Fat-Diet-Induced Deficits in Dopamine Terminal Function Are Reversed by Restoring Insulin Signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:290-299. [PMID: 27966885 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemically released insulin crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to insulin receptors on several neural cell types, including dopaminergic neurons. Insulin has been shown to decrease dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), but potentiate release and reuptake at dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Here we show that prolonged consumption of a high fat diet blocks insulin's effects in the NAc, but insulin's effects are restored by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which supports insulin receptor signaling. Mice fed a high fat diet (60% kcals from fat) displayed significantly higher fasting blood glucose 160 mg/dL, compared to 101 mg/dL for control-diet-fed mice, and high-fat-diet-fed mice showed reduced blood glucose clearance after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry to measure electrically evoked dopamine in brain slices containing the NAc core, high-fat-diet-fed mice exhibited slower dopamine reuptake compared to control-diet-fed mice (2.2 ± 0.1 and 2.67 ± 0.15 μM/s, respectively). Moreover, glucose clearance rate was negatively correlated with Vmax. Insulin (10 nM to 1 μM) dose dependently increased reuptake rates in control-diet-fed mice compared with in the high-fat-diet group; however, the small molecule insulin receptor sensitizing agent, TCS 401 (300 nM), restored reuptake in high-fat-diet-fed mice to control-diet levels, and a small molecule inhibitor of the insulin receptor, BMS 536924 (300 nM), attenuated reuptake, similar to high-fat-diet-fed mice. These data show that a high-fat diet impairs dopamine reuptake by attenuating insulin signaling at dopamine terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve C. Fordahl
- Department of Physiology
and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sara R. Jones
- Department of Physiology
and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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30
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Ludwig M, Apps D, Menzies J, Patel JC, Rice ME. Dendritic Release of Neurotransmitters. Compr Physiol 2016; 7:235-252. [PMID: 28135005 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Release of neuroactive substances by exocytosis from dendrites is surprisingly widespread and is not confined to a particular class of transmitters: it occurs in multiple brain regions, and includes a range of neuropeptides, classical neurotransmitters, and signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, ATP, and arachidonic acid. This review is focused on hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells that release vasopressin and oxytocin and midbrain neurons that release dopamine. For these two model systems, the stimuli, mechanisms, and physiological functions of dendritic release have been explored in greater detail than is yet available for other neurons and neuroactive substances. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:235-252, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Ludwig
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Apps
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John Menzies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
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31
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A kinome wide screen identifies novel kinases involved in regulation of monoamine transporter function. Neurochem Int 2016; 98:103-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Sulzer D, Cragg SJ, Rice ME. Striatal dopamine neurotransmission: regulation of release and uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:123-148. [PMID: 27141430 DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission is governed by processes that regulate release from axonal boutons in the forebrain and the somatodendritic compartment in midbrain, and by clearance by the DA transporter, diffusion, and extracellular metabolism. We review how axonal DA release is regulated by neuronal activity and by autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, and address how quantal release events are regulated in size and frequency. In brain regions densely innervated by DA axons, DA clearance is due predominantly to uptake by the DA transporter, whereas in cortex, midbrain, and other regions with relatively sparse DA inputs, the norepinephrine transporter and diffusion are involved. We discuss the role of DA uptake in restricting the sphere of influence of DA and in temporal accumulation of extracellular DA levels upon successive action potentials. The tonic discharge activity of DA neurons may be translated into a tonic extracellular DA level, whereas their bursting activity can generate discrete extracellular DA transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sulzer
- Depts of Psychiatry, Neurology, & Pharmacology, NY State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Dept Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Depts of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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33
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van de Vondervoort I, Poelmans G, Aschrafi A, Pauls DL, Buitelaar JK, Glennon JC, Franke B. An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:280-5. [PMID: 26854754 PMCID: PMC4915937 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood and is characterized by obsessions (recurrent, intrusive, persistent thoughts, impulses and/or ideas that often cause anxiety or distress) and compulsions (ritualized and stereotypic behaviours or mental acts that are often performed to relieve anxiety or distress associated with obsessions). Although OCD is a heritable disorder, its complex molecular etiology is poorly understood. METHODS We combined enrichment analyses and an elaborate literature review of the top-ranked genes emerging from the 2 published genome-wide association studies of OCD and candidate genes implicated through other evidence in order to identify biological processes that, when dysregulated, increase the risk for OCD. RESULTS The resulting molecular protein landscape was enriched for proteins involved in regulating postsynaptic dendritic spine formation - and hence synaptic plasticity - through insulin-dependent molecular signalling cascades. LIMITATIONS This study is a first attempt to integrate molecuar information from different sources in order to identify biological mechanisms underlying OCD etiology. Our findings are constrained by the limited information from hypothesis-free studies and the incompleteness and existing limitations of the OCD literature and the gene function annotations of gene enrichment tools. As this study was solely based on in silico analyses, experimental validation of the provided hypotheses is warranted. CONCLUSION Our work suggests a key role for insulin and insulin-related signalling in OCD etiology and - if confirmed by independent studies - could eventually pave the way for the development of novel OCD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Franke
- Correspondence to: B. Franke, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101 (HP 855), 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands;
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34
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Rice ME, Patel JC. Somatodendritic dopamine release: recent mechanistic insights. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0185. [PMID: 26009764 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a key transmitter in motor, reward and cogitative pathways, with DA dysfunction implicated in disorders including Parkinson's disease and addiction. Located in midbrain, DA neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta project via the medial forebrain bundle to the dorsal striatum (caudate putamen), and DA neurons in the adjacent ventral tegmental area project to the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) and prefrontal cortex. In addition to classical vesicular release from axons, midbrain DA neurons exhibit DA release from their cell bodies and dendrites. Somatodendritic DA release leads to activation of D2 DA autoreceptors on DA neurons that inhibit their firing via G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K(+) channels. This helps determine patterns of DA signalling at distant axonal release sites. Somatodendritically released DA also acts via volume transmission to extrasynaptic receptors that modulate local transmitter release and neuronal activity in the midbrain. Thus, somatodendritic release is a pivotal intrinsic feature of DA neurons that must be well defined in order to fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of DA pathways. Here, we review recent mechanistic aspects of somatodendritic DA release, with particular emphasis on the Ca(2+) dependence of release and the potential role of exocytotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jyoti C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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35
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Stouffer MA, Woods CA, Patel JC, Lee CR, Witkovsky P, Bao L, Machold RP, Jones KT, de Vaca SC, Reith MEA, Carr KD, Rice ME. Insulin enhances striatal dopamine release by activating cholinergic interneurons and thereby signals reward. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8543. [PMID: 26503322 PMCID: PMC4624275 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin activates insulin receptors (InsRs) in the hypothalamus to signal satiety after a meal. However, the rising incidence of obesity, which results in chronically elevated insulin levels, implies that insulin may also act in brain centres that regulate motivation and reward. We report here that insulin can amplify action potential-dependent dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and caudate-putamen through an indirect mechanism that involves striatal cholinergic interneurons that express InsRs. Furthermore, two different chronic diet manipulations in rats, food restriction (FR) and an obesogenic (OB) diet, oppositely alter the sensitivity of striatal DA release to insulin, with enhanced responsiveness in FR, but loss of responsiveness in OB. Behavioural studies show that intact insulin levels in the NAc shell are necessary for acquisition of preference for the flavour of a paired glucose solution. Together, these data imply that striatal insulin signalling enhances DA release to influence food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Stouffer
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Catherine A. Woods
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Jyoti C. Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Christian R. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Paul Witkovsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Li Bao
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Robert P. Machold
- Smilow Neuroscience Program, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Kymry T. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Soledad Cabeza de Vaca
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Maarten E. A. Reith
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Margaret E. Rice
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
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36
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Caravaggio F, Hahn M, Nakajima S, Gerretsen P, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. Reduced insulin-receptor mediated modulation of striatal dopamine release by basal insulin as a possible contributing factor to hyperdopaminergia in schizophrenia. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:391-6. [PMID: 26118462 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic neuropsychiatric disorder which affects 1% of the world population. Using the brain imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET) it has been demonstrated that persons with schizophrenia have greater dopamine transmission in the striatum compared to healthy controls. However, little progress has been made as to elucidating other biological mechanisms which may account for this hyperdopaminergic state in this disease. Studies in animals have demonstrated that insulin receptors are expressed on midbrain dopamine neurons, and that insulin from the periphery acts on these receptors to modify dopamine transmission in the striatum. This is pertinent given that several lines of evidence suggest that insulin receptor functioning may be abnormal in the brains of persons with schizophrenia. Post-mortem studies have shown that persons with schizophrenia have less than half the number of cortical insulin receptors compared to healthy persons. Moreover, these post-mortem findings are unlikely due to the effects of antipsychotic treatment; studies in cell lines and animals suggest antipsychotics enhance insulin receptor functioning. Further, hyperinsulinemia - even prior to antipsychotic use - seems to be related to less psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Collectively, these data suggest that midbrain insulin receptor functioning may be abnormal in persons with schizophrenia, resulting in reduced insulin-mediated regulation of dopamine transmission in the striatum. Such a deficit may account for the hyperdopaminergic state observed in these patients and would help guide the development of novel treatment strategies. We hypothesize that, (i) insulin receptor expression and/or function is reduced in midbrain dopamine neurons in persons with schizophrenia, (ii) basal insulin should reduce dopaminergic transmission in the striatum via these receptors, and (iii) this modulation of dopaminergic transmission by basal insulin is reduced in the brains of persons with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.
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37
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Meyer AE, Miller MM, Nelms Sprowles JL, Levine LR, Sable HJK. A comparison of presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic agonists on inhibitory control performance in rats perinatally exposed to PCBs. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 50:11-22. [PMID: 26022001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are very stable environmental contaminants whose exposure induces a number of health and cognitive concerns. Currently, it is well known that PCB exposure leads to poor performance on inhibitory control tasks. It is also well known that dopamine (DA) depletion within medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) leads to poor performance on inhibitory control tasks. However, what is not well established is whether or not the inhibitory control problems found following PCB exposure are mediated by DA depletion in mPFC. This study was an investigation into the link between perinatal exposure to PCBs, the effect of this exposure on DA neurotransmission in the mPFC, and inhibitory-control problems during adulthood using a rodent model. The current study served to determine if microinjections of different DA agonists (the presynaptic DA transporter inhibitor and vesicular monoamine transporter agonist bupropion, the postsynaptic DA receptor 2 (DAD2) agonist quinpirole, and the postsynaptic DA receptor 1 (DAD1) agonist SKF81297) directly into the mPFC would differentially improve performance on an inhibitory control task in rats perinatally exposed to an environmentally relevant PCB mixture. Findings suggest several significant sex-based differences on differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) 15 performance as well as some evidence of differential effectiveness of the DA agonists based on PCB exposure group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby E Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Mellessa M Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | | | - Lauren R Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Helen J K Sable
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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38
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Caravaggio F, Borlido C, Hahn M, Feng Z, Fervaha G, Gerretsen P, Nakajima S, Plitman E, Chung JK, Iwata Y, Wilson A, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. Reduced insulin sensitivity is related to less endogenous dopamine at D2/3 receptors in the ventral striatum of healthy nonobese humans. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv014. [PMID: 25716779 PMCID: PMC4540108 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction is a debated topic in neuroscience. Evidence suggests diabetes is related to reduced basal dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, similar to persons with drug addiction. It is unknown whether insulin sensitivity is related to endogenous dopamine levels in the ventral striatum of humans. We examined this using the agonist dopamine D2/3 receptor radiotracer [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO and an acute dopamine depletion challenge. In a separate sample of healthy persons, we examined whether dopamine depletion could alter insulin sensitivity. METHODS Insulin sensitivity was estimated for each subject from fasting plasma glucose and insulin using the Homeostasis Model Assessment II. Eleven healthy nonobese and nondiabetic persons (3 female) provided a baseline [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO scan, 9 of which provided a scan under dopamine depletion, allowing estimates of endogenous dopamine at dopamine D2/3 receptor. Dopamine depletion was achieved via alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (64mg/kg, P.O.). In 25 healthy persons (9 female), fasting plasma and glucose was acquired before and after dopamine depletion. RESULTS Endogenous dopamine at ventral striatum dopamine D2/3 receptor was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r(7)=.84, P=.005) and negatively correlated with insulin levels (r(7)=-.85, P=.004). Glucose levels were not correlated with endogenous dopamine at ventral striatum dopamine D2/3 receptor (r(7)=-.49, P=.18). Consistently, acute dopamine depletion in healthy persons significantly decreased insulin sensitivity (t(24)=2.82, P=.01), increased insulin levels (t(24)=-2.62, P=.01), and did not change glucose levels (t(24)=-0.93, P=.36). CONCLUSION In healthy individuals, diminished insulin sensitivity is related to less endogenous dopamine at dopamine D2/3 receptor in the ventral striatum. Moreover, acute dopamine depletion reduces insulin sensitivity. These findings may have important implications for neuropsychiatric populations with metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Mr Caravaggio, Ms Borlido, Ms Feng, Dr Gerretsen, Dr Nakajima, Mr Plitman, Mr Chung, Dr Iwata, Dr Wilson, Dr Remington, and Dr Graff-Guerrero); Institute of Medical Science (Mr Caravaggio, Dr Hahn, Mr Fervaha, Dr Gerretsen, Mr Plitman, Mr Chung, Dr Wilson, Dr Remington, and Dr Graff-Guerrero), and Department of Psychiatry (Drs Hahn, Gerretsen, Nakajima, Iwata, Wilson, Remington, and Graff-Guerrero), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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39
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Bayat AH, Haghparast A. Effect of insulin deficiency on the rewarding properties of methamphetamine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 128:8-13. [PMID: 25444864 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The reward is a positive behavioural response to the pleasant stimuli that can be induced by drugs, such as psychostimulants. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that many people throughout the world suffer from. Methamphetamine (METH), as a psychostimulant, engages the dopaminergic system in the reward circuitry and the synapses of dopaminergic terminals can be modified by insulin. In this study, in order to assess the effect of insulin deficiency on reward, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals were used as an appropriate model. One hundred and thirty-two adult male rats were divided into nine groups (three non-diabetic and six diabetic groups) to determine the most effective dose of METH (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2mg/kg ip), and insulin replacement (10U/kg; ip) during the acquisition period in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. The diabetes model was induced by a single injection of STZ (60mg/kg; ip). The conditioning score was considered to be the difference in time spent in drug- and saline-paired compartments. The results demonstrated that the most effective doses of METH were 1 and 2mg/kg in non-diabetic animals. Although the place preference was not shown in non-diabetic animals at the dose of 0.5mg/kg, this dose significantly induced place preference to METH in STZ-diabetic rats. Additionally, insulin replacement could reverse the METH-induced CPP in diabetic animals. Our findings suggest that the positive effect of insulin deficiency on METH rewarding properties is dependent on insulin level in part, and the replacement of the insulin in diabetic rats as a treatment can improve the rewarding properties of METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir-Hossein Bayat
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Billing L, Ersche KD. Cocaine’s appetite for fat and the consequences on body weight. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2014; 41:115-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2014.966196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Billing
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Cambridge and
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Cambridge and
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and other cardio-metabolic risk factors predict increased risk of depression and decreased response to antidepressant and mood stabilizer treatments. This proof-of-concept study tested whether administration of an insulin-sensitizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist could reduce bipolar depression symptom severity. A secondary objective was to determine whether levels of highly sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin (IL)-6 predicted treatment outcome. METHODS Patients (n = 34) with bipolar disorder (I, II, or not otherwise specified) and metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance who were currently depressed (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms [QIDS] total score ≥11) despite an adequate trial of a mood stabilizer received open-label, adjunctive treatment with the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (15-30 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The majority of participants (76 %, n = 26) were experiencing treatment-resistant bipolar depression, having already failed two mood stabilizers or the combination of a mood stabilizer and a conventional antidepressant. RESULTS Supporting an association between insulin sensitization and depression severity, pioglitazone treatment was associated with a decrease in the total Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-C30) score from 38.7 ± 8.2 at baseline to 21.2 ± 9.2 at week 8 (p < 0.001). Self-reported depressive symptom severity and clinician-rated anxiety symptom severity significantly improved over 8 weeks as measured by the QIDS (p < 0.001) and Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (p < 0.001), respectively. Functional improvement also occurred as measured by the change in total score on the Sheehan Disability Scale (-17.9 ± 3.6; p < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity increased from baseline to week 8 as measured by the Insulin Sensitivity Index derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (0.98 ± 0.3; p < 0.001). Higher baseline levels of IL-6 were associated with greater decrease in depression severity (parameter estimate β = -3.89, standard error [SE] = 1.47, p = 0.015). A positive correlation was observed between improvement in IDS-C30 score and change in IL-6 (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Open-label administration of the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone was associated with improvement in depressive symptoms and reduced cardio-metabolic risk. Reduction in inflammation may represent a novel mechanism by which pioglitazone modulates mood. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00835120).
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Harenza JL, Muldoon PP, De Biasi M, Damaj MI, Miles MF. Genetic variation within the Chrna7 gene modulates nicotine reward-like phenotypes in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 13:213-25. [PMID: 24289814 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mortality from tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the world, yet current cessation therapies are only modestly successful, suggesting new molecular targets are needed. Genetic analysis of gene expression and behavior identified Chrna7 as potentially modulating nicotine place conditioning in the BXD panel of inbred mice. We used gene targeting and pharmacological tools to confirm the role of Chrna7 in nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP). To identify molecular events downstream of Chrna7 that may modulate nicotine preference, we performed microarray analysis of α7 knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) nucleus accumbens (NAc) tissue, followed by confirmation with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoblotting. In the BXD panel, we found a putative cis expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for Chrna7 in NAc that correlated inversely to nicotine CPP. We observed that gain-of-function α7 mice did not display nicotine preference at any dose tested, whereas conversely, α7 KO mice demonstrated nicotine place preference at a dose below that routinely required to produce preference. In B6 mice, the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-selective agonist, PHA-543613, dose-dependently blocked nicotine CPP, which was restored using the α7 nAChR-selective antagonist, methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA). Our genomic studies implicated a messenger RNA (mRNA) co-expression network regulated by Chrna7 in NAc. Mice lacking Chrna7 demonstrate increased insulin signaling in the NAc, which may modulate nicotine place preference. Our studies provide novel targets for future work on development of more effective therapeutic approaches to counteract the rewarding properties of nicotine for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Harenza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Korecka JA, van Kesteren RE, Blaas E, Spitzer SO, Kamstra JH, Smit AB, Swaab DF, Verhaagen J, Bossers K. Phenotypic characterization of retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by transcriptional profiling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63862. [PMID: 23724009 PMCID: PMC3665836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The main neuropathological hallmark of PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To study genetic and molecular contributors to the disease process, there is a great need for readily accessible cells with prominent DAergic features that can be used for reproducible in vitro cellular screening. Here, we investigated the molecular phenotype of retinoic acid (RA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells using genome wide transcriptional profiling combined with gene ontology, transcription factor and molecular pathway analysis. We demonstrated that RA induces a general neuronal differentiation program in SH-SY5Y cells and that these cells develop a predominantly mature DAergic-like neurotransmitter phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by increased dopamine levels together with a substantial suppression of other neurotransmitter phenotypes, such as those for noradrenaline, acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin and histamine. In addition, we show that RA differentiated SH-SY5Y cells express the dopamine and noradrenalin neurotransmitter transporters that are responsible for uptake of MPP(+), a well known DAergic cell toxicant. MPP(+) treatment alters mitochondrial activity according to its proposed cytotoxic effect in DAergic neurons. Taken together, RA differentiated SH-SY5Y cells have a DAergic-like phenotype, and provide a good cellular screening tool to find novel genes or compounds that affect cytotoxic processes that are associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Korecka
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Samandari R, Chizari A, Hassanpour R, Mousavi Z, Haghparast A. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes affects the development and maintenance of morphine reward in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 543:90-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Francis H, Stevenson R. The longer-term impacts of Western diet on human cognition and the brain. Appetite 2013; 63:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Labouèbe G, Liu S, Dias C, Zou H, Wong JCY, Karunakaran S, Clee SM, Phillips AG, Boutrel B, Borgland SL. Insulin induces long-term depression of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons via endocannabinoids. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:300-8. [PMID: 23354329 PMCID: PMC4072656 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has drastically increased over the last few decades. Exploration into how hunger and satiety signals influence the reward system can help us to understand non-homeostatic mechanisms of feeding. Evidence suggests that insulin may act in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a critical site for reward-seeking behavior, to suppress feeding. However, the neural mechanisms underlying insulin effects in the VTA remain unknown. We demonstrate that insulin, a circulating catabolic peptide that inhibits feeding, can induce a long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory synapses onto VTA dopamine neurons. This effect requires endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release. Furthermore, after a sweetened high fat meal, which elevates endogenous insulin levels, insulin-induced LTD is occluded. Finally, insulin in the VTA reduces food anticipatory behavior and conditioned place preference for food. Taken together, these results suggest that insulin in the VTA suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission and reduces salience of food-related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël Labouèbe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jones KT, Zhen J, Reith MEA. Importance of cholesterol in dopamine transporter function. J Neurochem 2012; 123:700-15. [PMID: 22957537 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conformation and function of the dopamine transporter (DAT) can be affected by manipulating membrane cholesterol, yet there is no agreement as to the impact of cholesterol on the activity of lipid-raft localized DATs compared with non-raft DATs. Given the paucity of information regarding the impact of cholesterol on substrate efflux by the DAT, this study explores its influence on the kinetics of DAT-mediated DA efflux induced by dextroamphetamine, as measured by rotating disk electrode voltammetry (RDEV). Treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβCD), which effectively depletes total membrane cholesterol--uniformly affecting cholesterol-DAT interactions in both raft and non-raft membrane domains--reduced both DA uptake and efflux rate. In contrast, disruption of raft-localized DAT by cholesterol chelation with nystatin had no effect, arguing against a vital role for raft-localized DAT in substrate uptake or efflux. Supranormal repletion of cholesterol-depleted cells with the analog desmosterol, a non-raft promoting sterol, was as effective as cholesterol itself in restoring transport rates. Further studies with Zn(2+) and the conformationally biased W84L DAT mutant supported the idea that cholesterol is important for maintaining the outward-facing DAT with normal rates of conformational interconversions. Collectively, these results point to a role for direct cholesterol-DAT interactions in regulating DAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymry T Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Mebel DM, Wong JCY, Dong YJ, Borgland SL. Insulin in the ventral tegmental area reduces hedonic feeding and suppresses dopamine concentration via increased reuptake. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:2336-46. [PMID: 22712725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) signaling has been implicated in the incentive, reinforcing and motivational aspects of food intake. Insulin receptors are expressed on dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and insulin may act in the VTA to suppress feeding. However, the neural mechanisms underlying insulin effects in the VTA are poorly understood. Here, we measured the effects of insulin on evoked DA concentration in the VTA using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Insulin concentration-dependently reduced evoked somatodendritic DA in the VTA, requiring activation of phosphoinositol 3-kinase and mTOR signaling. Insulin depression of somatodendritic DA was abolished in the presence of a selective DA transporter (DAT) inhibitor, GBR 12909, as well as in VTA slices of DAT knockout mice, suggesting that insulin upregulated the number or function of DAT to reduce DA concentration. Finally, insulin administered to the VTA depressed sated feeding of sweetened high-fat food. Taken together, these results indicate that insulin depresses DA concentration in the VTA via increased reuptake of DA through DAT. Insulin-mediated decrease of DA in the VTA may suppress salience of food once satiety is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Mebel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, 212-2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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A modified adjusting delay task to assess impulsive choice between isocaloric reinforcers in non-deprived male rats: effects of 5-HT₂A/C and 5-HT₁A receptor agonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 219:377-86. [PMID: 21989803 PMCID: PMC3936353 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Existing animal models of impulsivity frequently use food restriction to increase subjects' motivation. In addition, behavioral tasks that assess impulsive choice typically involve the use of reinforcers with dissimilar caloric content. These factors represent energy-homeostasis limitations, which may confound the interpretation of results and limit the applicability of these models. OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at validating face and convergent validities of a modified adjusting delay task, which assesses impulsive choice between isocaloric reinforcers in ad libitum fed rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 18) were used to assess the preferredness and reinforcing efficacy of a "supersaccharin" solution (1.5% glucose/0.4% saccharin) over a 1.5% glucose solution. A separate group of rats (n = 24) was trained in a modified adjusting delay task, which involved repeated choice between the glucose solution delivered immediately and the supersaccharin solution delivered after a variable delay. To pharmacologically validate the task, the effects of the 5-HT(2A/C) receptor agonist (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane [(±)-DOI] and the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist (±)-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide [(±)-8-OH-DPAT] on impulsive choice were then evaluated. RESULTS Supersaccharin was highly reinforcing and uniformly preferred over the glucose solution by all subjects. Rats quickly learned the task, and impulsivity was a very stable and consistent trait. DOI and 8-OH-DPAT significantly and dose dependently increased impulsive choice in this modified adjusting delay task. CONCLUSIONS We validated a rodent task of impulsive choice, which eliminates typical energy-homeostasis limitations and, therefore, opens new avenues in the study of impulsivity in preclinical feeding and obesity research.
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Abstract
The hedonic properties of food can stimulate feeding behaviour even when energy requirements have been met, contributing to weight gain and obesity. Similarly, the hedonic effects of drugs of abuse can motivate their excessive intake, culminating in addiction. Common brain substrates regulate the hedonic properties of palatable food and addictive drugs, and recent reports suggest that excessive consumption of food or drugs of abuse induces similar neuroadaptive responses in brain reward circuitries. Here, we review evidence suggesting that obesity and drug addiction may share common molecular, cellular and systems-level mechanisms.
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