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Zhuang LP, Gao WJ, Fang LL, Zeng GR, Ye QY, Dai XM, Zhang J, Chen XC. HnRNPK is involved in stress-induced depression-like behavior via ERK-BDNF pathway in mice. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105589. [PMID: 37543308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
As a ubiquitous RNA-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) interacts with numerous nucleic acids and proteins and is involved in various cellular functions. Available literature indicates that it can regulate dendritic spine density through the extracellular signal-regulating kinase (ERK) - brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, which is crucial to retain the synaptic plasticity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and mouse depression models. However, ERK upstream regulatory kinase has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, it remains unexplored whether hnRNPK may impact the depressive condition via the ERK pathway. The present study addressed this issue by integrating approaches of genetics, molecular biology, behavioral testing. We found that hnRNPK in the brain was mainly distributed in the hippocampal neurons; that it was significantly downregulated in mice that displayed stress-induced depression-like behaviors; and that the level of hnRNPK markedly decreased in MDD patients from the GEO database. Further in vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that the changes in the expressions of BDNF and PSD95 and in the phosphorylation of ERK (Thr202/Tyr204) paralleled the variation of hnRNPK levels in the ventral hippocampal neurons in mice with depression-like behaviors. Finally, esketamine treatment significantly increased the level of hnRNPK in mice. These findings evidence that hnRNPK involved in the pathogenesis of depression via the ERK-BDNF pathway, pinpointing hnRNPK as a potential therapeutic target in treating MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Ping Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China
| | - Liu-Lv Fang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China
| | - Gui-Rong Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin-Yong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Man Dai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China.
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Zhang CC, Zhu LX, Shi HJ, Zhu LJ. The Role of Vesicle Release and Synaptic Transmission in Depression. Neuroscience 2022; 505:171-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ma H, Li C, Wang J, Zhang X, Li M, Zhang R, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Amygdala-hippocampal innervation modulates stress-induced depressive-like behaviors through AMPA receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019409118. [PMID: 33526688 PMCID: PMC8017726 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019409118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is one of the most critical factors in the onset of depressive disorders; hence, environmental factors such as psychosocial stress are commonly used to induce depressive-like traits in animal models of depression. Ventral CA1 (vCA1) in hippocampus and basal lateral amygdala (BLA) are critical sites during chronic stress-induced alterations in depressive subjects; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here we employed chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to model depression in mice and found that the activity of the posterior BLA to vCA1 (pBLA-vCA1) innervation was markedly reduced. Mice subjected to CUMS showed reduction in dendritic complexity, spine density, and synaptosomal AMPA receptors (AMPARs). Stimulation of pBLA-vCA1 innervation via chemogenetics or administration of cannabidiol (CBD) could reverse CUMS-induced synaptosomal AMPAR decrease and efficiently alleviate depressive-like behaviors in mice. These findings demonstrate a critical role for AMPARs and CBD modulation of pBLA-vCA1 innervation in CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chenyang Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China;
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4
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Social Transmission and Buffering of Hippocampal Metaplasticity after Stress in Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 41:1317-1330. [PMID: 33310752 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1751-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In social animals, the behavioral and hormonal responses to stress can be transmitted from one individual to another through a social transmission process, and, conversely, social support ameliorates stress responses, a phenomenon referred to as social buffering. Metaplasticity represents activity-dependent synaptic changes that modulate the ability to elicit subsequent synaptic plasticity. Authentic stress can induce hippocampal metaplasticity, but whether transmitted stress has the same ability remains unknown. Here, using an acute restraint-tailshock stress paradigm, we report that both authentic and transmitted stress in adult male mice trigger metaplastic facilitation of long-term depression (LTD) induction at hippocampal CA1 synapses. Using LTD as a readout of persistent synaptic consequences of stress, our findings demonstrate that, in a male-male dyad, stress transmission happens in nearly half of naive partners and stress buffering occurs in approximately half of male stressed mice that closely interact with naive partners. By using a social-confrontation tube test to assess the dominant-subordinate relationship in a male-male dyad, we found that stressed subordinate mice are not buffered by naive dominant partners and that stress transmission is exhibited in ∼60% of dominant naive partners. Furthermore, the appearance of stress transmission correlates with more time spent in sniffing the anogenital area of stressed mice, and the appearance of stress buffering correlates with more time engaged in allogrooming from naive partners. Chemical ablation of the olfactory epithelium with dichlobenil or physical separation between social contacts diminishes stress transmission. Together, our data demonstrate that transmitted stress can elicit metaplastic facilitation of LTD induction as authentic stress.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Social animals can acquire information about their environment through interactions with conspecifics. Stress can induce enduring changes in neural activity and synaptic function. Current studies are already unraveling the transmission and buffering of stress responses between individuals, but little is known about the relevant synaptic changes associated with social transmission and buffering of stress. Here, we show that authentic and transmitted stress can prime glutamatergic synapses onto hippocampal CA1 neurons to undergo long-term depression. This hippocampal metaplasticity is bufferable following social interactions with naive partners. Hierarchical status of naive partners strongly affects the social buffering effect on synaptic consequences of stress. This work provides novel insights into the conceptual framework for synaptic changes with social transmission and buffering of stress.
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Werthmann RC, Tzouros M, Lamerz J, Augustin A, Fritzius T, Trovò L, Stawarski M, Raveh A, Diener C, Fischer C, Gassmann M, Lindemann L, Bettler B. Symmetric signal transduction and negative allosteric modulation of heterodimeric mGlu1/5 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2020; 190:108426. [PMID: 33279506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
For a long time metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) were thought to regulate neuronal functions as obligatory homodimers. Recent reports, however, indicate the existence of heterodimers between group-II and -III mGluRs in the brain, which differ from the homodimers in their signal transduction and sensitivity to negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Whether the group-I mGluRs, mGlu1 and mGlu5, form functional heterodimers in the brain is still a matter of debate. We now show that mGlu1 and mGlu5 co-purify from brain membranes and hippocampal tissue and co-localize in cultured hippocampal neurons. Complementation assays with mutants deficient in agonist-binding or G protein-coupling reveal that mGlu1/5 heterodimers are functional in heterologous cells and transfected cultured hippocampal neurons. In contrast to heterodimers between group-II and -III mGluRs, mGlu1/5 receptors exhibit a symmetric signal transduction, with both protomers activating G proteins to a similar extent. NAMs of either protomer in mGlu1/5 receptors partially inhibit signaling, showing that both protomers need to be able to reach an active conformation for full receptor activity. Complete heterodimer inhibition is observed when both protomers are locked in their inactive state by a NAM. In summary, our data show that mGlu1/5 heterodimers exhibit a symmetric signal transduction and thus intermediate signaling efficacy and kinetic properties. Our data support the existence of mGlu1/5 heterodimers in neurons and highlight differences in the signaling transduction of heterodimeric mGluRs that influence allosteric modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Werthmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Tzouros
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases (NRD) (LL, CD, CF), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomarkers, Bioinformatics and Omics & Pathology (MT, JL, AA), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Lamerz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases (NRD) (LL, CD, CF), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomarkers, Bioinformatics and Omics & Pathology (MT, JL, AA), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angélique Augustin
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases (NRD) (LL, CD, CF), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomarkers, Bioinformatics and Omics & Pathology (MT, JL, AA), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Fritzius
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Trovò
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Stawarski
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adi Raveh
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Diener
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases (NRD) (LL, CD, CF), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomarkers, Bioinformatics and Omics & Pathology (MT, JL, AA), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Fischer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases (NRD) (LL, CD, CF), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomarkers, Bioinformatics and Omics & Pathology (MT, JL, AA), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Gassmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lothar Lindemann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases (NRD) (LL, CD, CF), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomarkers, Bioinformatics and Omics & Pathology (MT, JL, AA), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Normann C, Frase S, Haug V, von Wolff G, Clark K, Münzer P, Dorner A, Scholliers J, Horn M, Vo Van T, Seifert G, Serchov T, Biber K, Nissen C, Klugbauer N, Bischofberger J. Antidepressants Rescue Stress-Induced Disruption of Synaptic Plasticity via Serotonin Transporter-Independent Inhibition of L-Type Calcium Channels. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:55-64. [PMID: 29174591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term synaptic plasticity is a basic ability of the brain to dynamically adapt to external stimuli and regulate synaptic strength and ultimately network function. It is dysregulated by behavioral stress in animal models of depression and in humans with major depressive disorder. Antidepressants have been shown to restore disrupted synaptic plasticity in both animal models and humans; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. METHODS We examined modulation of synaptic plasticity by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in hippocampal brain slices from wild-type rats and serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout mice. Recombinant voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels in heterologous expression systems were used to determine the modulation of Ca2+ channels by SSRIs. We tested the behavioral effects of SSRIs in the chronic behavioral despair model of depression both in the presence and in the absence of SERT. RESULTS SSRIs selectively inhibited hippocampal long-term depression. The inhibition of long-term depression by SSRIs was mediated by a direct block of voltage-activated L-type Ca2+ channels and was independent of SERT. Furthermore, SSRIs protected both wild-type and SERT knockout mice from behavioral despair induced by chronic stress. Finally, long-term depression was facilitated in animals subjected to the behavioral despair model, which was prevented by SSRI treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that antidepressants protected synaptic plasticity and neuronal circuitry from the effects of stress via a modulation of Ca2+ channels and synaptic plasticity independent of SERT. Thus, L-type Ca2+ channels might constitute an important signaling hub for stress response and for pathophysiology and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Normann
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sibylle Frase
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Verena Haug
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregor von Wolff
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Institute of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dorner
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Scholliers
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Max Horn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vo Van
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Seifert
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tsvetan Serchov
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Knut Biber
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nissen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Klugbauer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Zak N, Moberget T, Bøen E, Boye B, Waage TR, Dietrichs E, Harkestad N, Malt UF, Westlye LT, Andreassen OA, Andersson S, Elvsåshagen T. Longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations of long-term potentiation-like cortical plasticity in bipolar disorder type II and healthy individuals. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:103. [PMID: 29795193 PMCID: PMC5966393 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual evoked potential (VEP) plasticity is a promising assay for noninvasive examination of long-term potentiation (LTP)-like synaptic processes in the cerebral cortex. We conducted longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations of VEP plasticity in controls and individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) type II. VEP plasticity was assessed at baseline, as described previously (Elvsåshagen et al. Biol Psychiatry 2012), and 2.2 years later, at follow-up. The longitudinal sample with VEP data from both time points comprised 29 controls and 16 patients. VEP data were available from 13 additional patients at follow-up (total n = 58). VEPs were evoked by checkerboard reversals in two premodulation blocks before and six blocks after a plasticity-inducing block of prolonged (10 min) visual stimulation. VEP plasticity was computed by subtracting premodulation VEP amplitudes from postmodulation amplitudes. Saliva samples for cortisol analysis were collected immediately after awakening in the morning, 30 min later, and at 12:30 PM, at follow-up. We found reduced VEP plasticity in BD type II, that impaired plasticity was present in the euthymic phases of the illness, and that VEP plasticity correlated negatively with depression severity. There was a positive association between VEP plasticity and saliva cortisol in controls, possibly reflecting an inverted U-shaped relationship between cortisol and synaptic plasticity. VEP plasticity exhibited moderate temporal stability over a period of 2.2 years. The present study provides additional evidence for impaired LTP-like cortical plasticity in BD type II. VEP plasticity is an accessible method, which may help elucidate the pathophysiological and clinical significance of synaptic dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Zak
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Bøen
- 0000 0004 0512 8628grid.413684.cDepartment of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Boye
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Section of Psychosocial Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine R. Waage
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Dietrichs
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Harkestad
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bDepartment of Biological and Medical Pscyhology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrik F. Malt
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Andersson
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Recent insights into antidepressant therapy: Distinct pathways and potential common mechanisms in the treatment of depressive syndromes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 88:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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LTP or LTD? Modeling the Influence of Stress on Synaptic Plasticity. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-TNC-0242-17. [PMID: 29662939 PMCID: PMC5898787 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0242-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In cognitive memory, long-term potentiation (LTP) has been shown to occur when presynaptic and postsynaptic activities are highly correlated and glucocorticoid concentrations are in an optimal (i.e., low normal) range. In all other conditions, LTP is attenuated or even long-term depression (LTD) occurs. In this paper, we focus on NMDA receptor (NMDA-R)-dependent LTP and LTD, two processes involving various molecular mechanisms. To understand which of these mechanisms are indispensable for explaining the experimental evidence reported in the literature, we here propose a parsimonious model of NMDA-R-dependent synaptic plasticity. Central to this model are two processes. First, AMPA receptor-subunit trafficking; and second, glucocorticoid-dependent modifications of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-receptor system. In 2008, we have published a core model, which contained the first process, while in the current paper we present an extended model, which also includes the second process. Using the extended model, we could show that stress attenuates LTP, while it enhances LTD. These simulation results are in agreement with experimental findings from other labs. In 2013, surprising experimental evidence showed that the GluA1 C-tail is unnecessary for LTP. When using our core model in its original form, our simulations already predicted that there would be no requirement for the GluA1 C-tail for LTP, allowing to eliminate a redundant mechanism from our model. In summary, we present a mathematical model that displays reduced complexity and is useful for explaining when and how LTP or LTD occurs at synapses during cognitive memory formation.
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Sengupta T, Das R, Chattarji S. Chronic but not acute immobilization stress stably enhances hippocampal CA1 metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent Long-Term Depression. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:101-105. [PMID: 27663134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute stress has been shown to facilitate but not increase metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mediated Long-Term Depression (LTD) in the hippocampus. However, the effect of chronic stress on mGluR dependent LTD has not been investigated. Moreover, whether stress leads to a transient modification LTD threshold or a more stable change in synaptic plasticity needs to be addressed. In the present study, we have explored the effects of both a ten-day long and a single day immobilization stress protocol on mGluR-LTD at the CA3:CA1synapse in the hippocampus of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, a day after applying stress. Bath application of the selective group 1 mGluR agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) promoted robust LTD in hippocampal slices from control (i.e. un-stressed) animals. Administration of immobility stress for two hours per day for ten days significantly elevated this LTD to a level almost twice that of control, when observed 24h following the last stress event. Acute stress i.e. a single day of two hours of immobilization, however, failed to significantly enhance LTD, 24h later. These results demonstrate for the first time, that repeated exposure to stress, but not a single stress event, is required to bring about a stable alteration in mGluR mediated synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Sengupta
- Department of Electrophysiology, Biolab, TCG Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-V, Salt Lake Electronic Complex, Kolkata, 700091, India.
| | - Rishi Das
- Department of Electrophysiology, Biolab, TCG Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-V, Salt Lake Electronic Complex, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Sumantra Chattarji
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
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11
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Synaptic plasticity model of therapeutic sleep deprivation in major depression. Sleep Med Rev 2015; 30:53-62. [PMID: 26803484 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic sleep deprivation (SD) is a rapid acting treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Within hours, SD leads to a dramatic decrease in depressive symptoms in 50-60% of patients with MDD. Scientifically, therapeutic SD presents a unique paradigm to study the neurobiology of MDD. Yet, up to now, the neurobiological basis of the antidepressant effect, which is most likely different from today's first-line treatments, is not sufficiently understood. This article puts the idea forward that sleep/wake-dependent shifts in synaptic plasticity, i.e., the neural basis of adaptive network function and behavior, represent a critical mechanism of therapeutic SD in MDD. Particularly, this article centers on two major hypotheses of MDD and sleep, the synaptic plasticity hypothesis of MDD and the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis of sleep-wake regulation, and on how they can be integrated into a novel synaptic plasticity model of therapeutic SD in MDD. As a major component, the model proposes that therapeutic SD, by homeostatically enhancing cortical synaptic strength, shifts the initially deficient inducibility of associative synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in patients with MDD in a more favorable window of associative plasticity. Research on the molecular effects of SD in animals and humans, including observations in the neurotrophic, adenosinergic, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic system, provides some support for the hypothesis of associative synaptic plasticity facilitation after therapeutic SD in MDD. The model proposes a novel framework for a mechanism of action of therapeutic SD that can be further tested in humans based on non-invasive indices and in animals based on direct studies of synaptic plasticity. Further determining the mechanisms of action of SD might contribute to the development of novel fast acting treatments for MDD, one of the major health problems worldwide.
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Sarabdjitsingh RA, Zhou M, Yau JL, Webster SP, Walker BR, Seckl JR, Joëls M, Krugers HJ. Inhibiting 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 prevents stress effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and impairs contextual fear conditioning. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:231-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Local plasticity of dendritic excitability can be autonomous of synaptic plasticity and regulated by activity-based phosphorylation of Kv4.2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84086. [PMID: 24404150 PMCID: PMC3880279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While plasticity is typically associated with persistent modifications of synaptic strengths, recent studies indicated that modulations of dendritic excitability may form the other part of the engram and dynamically affect computational processing and output of neuronal circuits. However it remains unknown whether modulation of dendritic excitability is controlled by synaptic changes or whether it can be distinct from them. Here we report the first observation of the induction of a persistent plastic decrease in dendritic excitability decoupled from synaptic stimulation, which is localized and purely activity-based. In rats this local plasticity decrease is conferred by CamKII mediated phosphorylation of A-type potassium channels upon interaction of a back propagating action potential (bAP) with dendritic depolarization.
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Gonzalez J, Morales IS, Villarreal DM, Derrick BE. Low-frequency stimulation induces long-term depression and slow onset long-term potentiation at perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses in vivo. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:1259-73. [PMID: 24335215 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00941.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) is thought to mediate a crucial role in sustaining memory function. Our in vivo investigations of LTD expression at lateral (LPP) and medial perforant path (MPP) synapses in the dentate gyrus (DG) corroborate prior demonstrations that PP-DG LTD is difficult to induce in intact animals. In freely moving animals, LTD expression occurred inconsistently among LPP-DG and MPP-DG responses. Interestingly, following acute electrode implantation in anesthetized rats, low-frequency stimulation (LFS; 900 pulses, 1 Hz) promotes slow-onset LTP at both MPP-DG and LPP-DG synapses that utilize distinct induction mechanisms. Systemic administration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (+/-)-cyclopiperidine-6-piperiperenzine (CPP; 10 mg/kg) 90 min before LFS selectively blocked MPP-DG but not LPP-DG slow onset LTP, suggesting MPP-DG synapses express a NMDA receptor-dependent slow onset LTP whereas LPP-DG slow onset LTP induction is NMDA receptor independent. In experiments where paired-pulse LFS (900 paired pulses, 200-ms paired-pulse interval) was used to induce LTD, paired-pulse LFS of the LPP resulted in rapid onset LTP of DG responses, whereas paired-pulse LFS of the MPP induced slow onset LTP of DG responses. Although LTD observations were very rare following acute electrode implantation in anesthetized rats, LPP-DG LTD was demonstrated in some anesthetized rats with previously implanted electrodes. Together, our data indicate in vivo PP-DG LTD expression is an inconsistent phenomenon that is primarily observed in recovered animals, suggesting perturbation of the dentate through surgery-related tissue trauma influences both LTD incidence and LTP induction at PP-DG synapses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossina Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Research Institute, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas
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Marsden WN. Synaptic plasticity in depression: molecular, cellular and functional correlates. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 43:168-84. [PMID: 23268191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity confers environmental adaptability through modification of the connectivity between neurons and neuronal circuits. This is achieved through changes to synapse-associated signaling systems and supported by complementary changes to cellular morphology and metabolism within the tripartite synapse. Mounting evidence suggests region-specific changes to synaptic form and function occur as a result of chronic stress and in depression. Within subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus structural and synapse-related findings seem consistent with a deficit in long-term potentiation (LTP) and facilitation of long-term depression (LTD), particularly at excitatory pyramidal synapses. Other brain regions are less well-studied; however the amygdala may feature a somewhat opposite synaptic pathology including reduced inhibitory tone. Changes to synaptic plasticity in stress and depression may correlate those to several signal transduction pathways (e.g. NOS-NO, cAMP-PKA, Ras-ERK, PI3K-Akt, GSK-3, mTOR and CREB) and upstream receptors (e.g. NMDAR, TrkB and p75NTR). Deficits in synaptic plasticity may further correlate disrupted brain redox and bioenergetics. Finally, at a functional level region-specific changes to synaptic plasticity in depression may relate to maladapted neurocircuitry and parallel reduced cognitive control over negative emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Marsden
- Highclere Court, Woking, Surrey, GU21 2QP, UK.
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Péterfi Z, Urbán GM, Papp OI, Németh B, Monyer H, Szabó G, Erdélyi F, Mackie K, Freund TF, Hájos N, Katona I. Endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression of afferent excitatory synapses in hippocampal pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons. J Neurosci 2012; 32:14448-63. [PMID: 23055515 PMCID: PMC3494839 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1676-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endocannabinoids have emerged as essential retrograde messengers in several forms of synaptic plasticity, it remains controversial whether they mediate long-term depression (LTD) of glutamatergic synapses onto excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus. Here, we show that parvalbumin- and somatostatin/metabotropic glutamate receptor 1(a) (mGlu(1a))-positive GABAergic interneurons express diacylglycerol lipase-α (DGL-α), a synthesizing enzyme of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), albeit at lower levels than principal cells. Moreover, this lipase accumulates postsynaptically around afferent excitatory synapses in all three cell types. To address the role of retrograde 2-AG signaling in LTD, we investigated two forms: (1) produced by postsynaptic spiking paired with subsequent presynaptic stimulation or (2) induced by group I mGlu activation by (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG). Neither form of LTD was evoked in the presence of the mGlu(5) antagonist MPEP [2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine], the DGL inhibitor THL [N-formyl-l-leucine (1S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-3-hexyl-4-oxo-2-oxetanyl]methyl]dodecyl ester], or the intracellularly applied Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA in CA1 pyramidal cells, fast-spiking interneurons (representing parvalbumin-containing cells) and interneurons projecting to stratum lacunosum-moleculare (representing somatostatin/mGlu(1a)-expressing interneurons). Both forms of LTD were completely absent in CB(1) cannabinoid receptor knock-out mice, whereas pharmacological blockade of CB(1) led to inconsistent results. Notably, in accordance with their lower DGL-α level, a higher stimulation frequency or higher DHPG concentration was required for LTD induction in interneurons compared with pyramidal cells. These findings demonstrate that hippocampal principal cells and interneurons produce endocannabinoids to mediate LTD in a qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different manner. The shifted induction threshold implies that endocannabinoid-LTD contributes to cortical information processing during distinct network activity patterns in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Péterfi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella M. Urbán
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya I. Papp
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Németh
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Gill Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Tamás F. Freund
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Hájos
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Katona
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Early life stress differentially modulates distinct forms of brain plasticity in young and adult mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46004. [PMID: 23071534 PMCID: PMC3465301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early life trauma is an important risk factor for many psychiatric and somatic disorders in adulthood. As a growing body of evidence suggests that brain plasticity is disturbed in affective disorders, we examined the short-term and remote effects of early life stress on different forms of brain plasticity. Methodology/Principal Findings Mice were subjected to early deprivation by individually separating pups from their dam in the first two weeks after birth. Distinct forms of brain plasticity were assessed in the hippocampus by longitudinal MR volumetry, immunohistochemistry of neurogenesis, and whole-cell patch-clamp measurements of synaptic plasticity. Depression-related behavior was assessed by the forced swimming test in adult animals. Neuropeptides and their receptors were determined by real-time PCR and immunoassay. Early maternal deprivation caused a loss of hippocampal volume, which returned to normal in adulthood. Adult neurogenesis was unaffected by early life stress. Long-term synaptic potentiation, however, was normal immediately after the end of the stress protocol but was impaired in adult animals. In the forced swimming test, adult animals that had been subjected to early life stress showed increased immobility time. Levels of substance P were increased both in young and adult animals after early deprivation. Conclusion Hippocampal volume was affected by early life stress but recovered in adulthood which corresponded to normal adult neurogenesis. Synaptic plasticity, however, exhibited a delayed impairment. The modulation of synaptic plasticity by early life stress might contribute to affective dysfunction in adulthood.
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Joëls M, Sarabdjitsingh RA, Karst H. Unraveling the time domains of corticosteroid hormone influences on brain activity: rapid, slow, and chronic modes. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:901-38. [PMID: 23023031 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Brain cells are continuously exposed to corticosteroid hormones, although the levels vary (e.g., after stress). Corticosteroids alter neural activity via two receptor types, mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). These receptors regulate gene transcription but also, as we now know, act nongenomically. Via nongenomic pathways, MRs enhance and GRs suppress neural activity. In the hypothalamus, inhibitory GR effects contribute to negative feedback regulation of the stress axis. Nongenomic MR actions are also important extrahypothalamically and help organisms to immediately select an appropriate response strategy. Via genomic mechanisms, corticosteroid actions in the basolateral amygdala and ventral-most part of the cornu ammonis 1 hippocampal area are generally excitatory, providing an extended window for encoding of emotional aspects of a stressful event. GRs in hippocampal and prefrontal pyramidal cells increase surface expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors and strengthen glutamatergic signaling through pathways partly overlapping with those involved in long-term potentiation. This raises the threshold for subsequent induction of synaptic potentiation and promotes long-term depression. Synapses activated during stress are thus presumably strengthened but protected against excitatory inputs reaching the cells later. This restores higher cognitive control and promotes, for example, consolidation of stress-related contextual information. When an organism experiences stress early in life or repeatedly in adulthood, the ability to induce synaptic potentiation is strongly reduced and the likelihood to induce depression enhanced, even under rest. Treatment with antiglucocorticoids can ameliorate cellular effects after chronic stress and thus provide an interesting lead for treatment of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Joëls
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Delvendahl I, Lindemann H, Heidegger T, Normann C, Ziemann U, Mall V. Effects of lamotrigine on human motor cortex plasticity. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 124:148-53. [PMID: 22750085 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Besides its use in epilepsy, lamotrigine (LTG) is also effective as mood stabilizer. The pathophysiology of mood disorders may incorporate a dysfunction of neuronal plasticity and animal experiments suggest that mood stabilizers influence induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and -depression (LTD), two major forms of synaptic plasticity. However, the exact modes of action of LTG and its impact on neuronal plasticity in humans remain unclear. METHODS Here, we tested the effects of a single oral dose of LTG (300 mg) on motor cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS(25)), a protocol that typically induces LTP-like plasticity, in 26 young healthy adults in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind crossover design. We stratified analysis of the LTG effects according to the individual PAS(25) response in the placebo session (14 LTP-responders vs. 12 LTD-responders). Plasticity was indexed by motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes recorded before and for 60 min after PAS(25). RESULTS LTG resulted in a significant reduction of the LTP-like MEP increase in the LTP-responders and a reduction of the LTD-like MEP decrease in the LTD-responders, with the majority of LTD-responders even showing an MEP increase. CONCLUSIONS In summary, LTG differentially modulated cortical plasticity induced by non-invasive brain stimulation in human subjects depending on their individual intrinsic propensity for expressing LTP-like or LTD-like plasticity. SIGNIFICANCE Findings contribute to our understanding of the anticonvulsant and antidepressant clinical effects of LTG, which have been suggested to occur, at least in part, through downregulation of LTP (epilepsy) and LTD (depressive disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Delvendahl
- European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Guo M, Lu Y, Garza JC, Li Y, Chua SC, Zhang W, Lu B, Lu XY. Forebrain glutamatergic neurons mediate leptin action on depression-like behaviors and synaptic depression. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e83. [PMID: 22408745 PMCID: PMC3298113 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The glutamatergic system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressants. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has antidepressant-like properties. However, the functional role of leptin receptor (Lepr) signaling in glutamatergic neurons remains to be elucidated. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the long form of Lepr was ablated selectively in glutamatergic neurons located in the forebrain structures, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (Lepr cKO). Lepr cKO mice exhibit normal growth and body weight. Behavioral characterization of Lepr cKO mice reveals depression-like behavioral deficits, including anhedonia, behavioral despair, enhanced learned helplessness and social withdrawal, with no evident signs of anxiety. In addition, loss of Lepr in forebrain glutamatergic neurons facilitates NMDA-induced hippocampal long-term synaptic depression (LTD), whereas conventional LTD or long-term potentiation (LTP) was not affected. The facilitated LTD induction requires activation of the GluN2B subunit as it was completely blocked by a selective GluN2B antagonist. Moreover, Lepr cKO mice are highly sensitive to the antidepressant-like behavioral effects of the GluN2B antagonist but resistant to leptin. These results support important roles for Lepr signaling in glutamatergic neurons in regulating depression-related behaviors and modulating excitatory synaptic strength, suggesting a possible association between synaptic depression and behavioral manifestations of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guo
- Department of Pharmacology,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Y Lu
- Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, NIMH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J C Garza
- Department of Pharmacology,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S C Chua
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B Lu
- Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, NIMH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,GlaxoSmithKline, R&D China, Shanghai, China,GlaxoSmithKline, R&D China, Shanghai 201203, China E-mail:
| | - X-Y Lu
- Department of Pharmacology,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. E-mail:
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Evidence for impaired neocortical synaptic plasticity in bipolar II disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:68-74. [PMID: 22036034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic plasticity might play an important role in the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorders. There is, however, a paucity of human evidence supporting this hypothesis, mainly due to a lack of methods for noninvasive assessment of synaptic plasticity. It has recently been demonstrated that plasticity of the visual evoked potential (VEP) induced by repeated visual stimulation might reflect synaptic plasticity. In this study, we examined VEP plasticity in healthy control subjects and patients with bipolar II disorder (BD-II). METHODS Forty healthy control subjects and 26 individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BD-II matched for age and gender participated. The VEPs were evoked by checkerboard reversal stimulation before and after a modulation block of prolonged (10 min) visual stimulation. RESULTS The modulation block resulted in significant VEP plasticity in healthy control subjects. The VEP plasticity was significantly impaired in patients with BD-II. Explorative analyses indicated a trend toward a less severe impairment in medicated than in unmedicated patients. CONCLUSIONS Visual evoked potential plasticity might represent a reliable and robust assay for studies of synaptic plasticity in vivo in humans. In addition, our findings support the hypothesis of impaired synaptic plasticity in BD-II. Longitudinal studies are needed to fully clarify the effects of medication and mood state on VEP plasticity.
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Oxygen/glucose deprivation induces a reduction in synaptic AMPA receptors on hippocampal CA3 neurons mediated by mGluR1 and adenosine A3 receptors. J Neurosci 2011; 31:11941-52. [PMID: 21849555 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1183-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons are highly sensitive to ischemic damage, whereas neighboring CA3 pyramidal neurons are less susceptible. It is proposed that switching of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits on CA1 neurons during an in vitro model of ischemia, oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD), leads to an enhanced permeability of AMPARs to Ca(2+), resulting in delayed cell death. However, it is unclear whether the same mechanisms exist in CA3 neurons and whether this underlies the differential sensitivity to ischemia. Here, we investigated the consequences of OGD for AMPAR function in CA3 neurons using electrophysiological recordings in rat hippocampal slices. Following a 15 min OGD protocol, a substantial depression of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission was observed at CA3 associational/commissural and mossy fiber synapses but not CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses. The depression of synaptic transmission following OGD was prevented by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) or A(3) receptor antagonists, indicating a role for both glutamate and adenosine release. Inhibition of PLC, PKC, or chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) also prevented the depression of synaptic transmission. Inclusion of peptides to interrupt the interaction between GluA2 and PICK1 or dynamin and amphiphysin prevented the depression of transmission, suggesting a dynamin and PICK1-dependent internalization of AMPARs after OGD. We also show that a reduction in surface and total AMPAR protein levels after OGD was prevented by mGluR1 or A(3) receptor antagonists, indicating that AMPARs are degraded following internalization. Thus, we describe a novel mechanism for the removal of AMPARs in CA3 pyramidal neurons following OGD that has the potential to reduce excitotoxicity and promote neuroprotection.
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