1
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Bland T, Hirani N, Briggs DC, Rossetto R, Ng K, Taylor IA, McDonald NQ, Zwicker D, Goehring NW. Optimized PAR-2 RING dimerization mediates cooperative and selective membrane binding for robust cell polarity. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00123-3. [PMID: 38907033 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity networks are defined by quantitative features of their constituent feedback circuits, which must be tuned to enable robust and stable polarization, while also ensuring that networks remain responsive to dynamically changing cellular states and/or spatial cues during development. Using the PAR polarity network as a model, we demonstrate that these features are enabled by the dimerization of the polarity protein PAR-2 via its N-terminal RING domain. Combining theory and experiment, we show that dimer affinity is optimized to achieve dynamic, selective, and cooperative binding of PAR-2 to the plasma membrane during polarization. Reducing dimerization compromises positive feedback and robustness of polarization. Conversely, enhanced dimerization renders the network less responsive due to kinetic trapping of PAR-2 on internal membranes and reduced sensitivity of PAR-2 to the anterior polarity kinase, aPKC/PKC-3. Thus, our data reveal a key role for a dynamically oligomeric RING domain in optimizing interaction affinities to support a robust and responsive cell polarity network, and highlight how optimization of oligomerization kinetics can serve as a strategy for dynamic and cooperative intracellular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bland
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Riccardo Rossetto
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - KangBo Ng
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Neil Q McDonald
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - David Zwicker
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathan W Goehring
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.
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2
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Laquel P, Ayciriex S, Doignon F, Camougrand N, Fougère L, Rocher C, Wattelet-Boyer V, Bessoule JJ, Testet E. Mlg1, a yeast acyltransferase located in ER membranes associated with mitochondria (MAMs), is involved in de novo synthesis and remodelling of phospholipids. FEBS J 2024; 291:2683-2702. [PMID: 38297966 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In cells, phospholipids contain acyl chains of variable lengths and saturation, features that affect their functions. Their de novo synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum takes place via the cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) and Kennedy pathways, which are conserved in eukaryotes. PA is a key intermediate for all phospholipids (PI, PIPs, PS, PE, PC, PG and CL). The de novo synthesis of PA occurs by acylation of glycerophosphate leading to the synthesis of 1-acyl lysoPA and subsequent acylation of 1-acyl lysoPA at the sn-2 position. Using membranes from Escherichia coli overexpressing MLG1, we showed that the yeast gene MLG1 encodes an acyltransferase, leading specifically to the synthesis of PA from 1-acyl lysoPA. Moreover, after their de novo synthesis, phospholipids can be remodelled by acyl exchange with one and/or two acyl chains exchanged at the sn-1 and/or sn-2 position. Based on shotgun lipidomics of the reference and mlg1Δ strains, as well as biochemical assays for acyltransferase activities, we identified an additional remodelling activity for Mlg1p, namely, incorporation of palmitic acid into the sn-1 position of PS and PE. By using confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation, we also found that this acyltransferase is located in ER membranes associated with mitochondria, a finding that highlights the importance of these organelles in the global cellular metabolism of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Laquel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LBM, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sophie Ayciriex
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISA, UMR 5280, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Louise Fougère
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LBM, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Testet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LBM, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux INP, LBM, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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3
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Sakuragi T, Nagata S. Regulation of phospholipid distribution in the lipid bilayer by flippases and scramblases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z. [PMID: 37106071 PMCID: PMC10134735 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes function as permeability barriers that separate cells from the external environment or partition cells into distinct compartments. These membranes are lipid bilayers composed of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, in which proteins are embedded. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids freely move laterally, whereas transverse movement between lipid bilayers is limited. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between membrane leaflets but change their location in biological processes, serving as signalling molecules or enzyme activators. Designated proteins - flippases and scramblases - mediate this lipid movement between the bilayers. Flippases mediate the confined localization of specific phospholipids (phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine) to the cytoplasmic leaflet. Scramblases randomly scramble phospholipids between leaflets and facilitate the exposure of PtdSer on the cell surface, which serves as an important signalling molecule and as an 'eat me' signal for phagocytes. Defects in flippases and scramblases cause various human diseases. We herein review the recent research on the structure of flippases and scramblases and their physiological roles. Although still poorly understood, we address the mechanisms by which they translocate phospholipids between lipid bilayers and how defects cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sakuragi
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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4
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Basante-Bedoya MA, Bogliolo S, Garcia-Rodas R, Zaragoza O, Arkowitz RA, Bassilana M. Two distinct lipid transporters together regulate invasive filamentous growth in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010549. [PMID: 36516161 PMCID: PMC9797089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flippases transport lipids across the membrane bilayer to generate and maintain asymmetry. The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans has 5 flippases, including Drs2, which is critical for filamentous growth and phosphatidylserine (PS) distribution. Furthermore, a drs2 deletion mutant is hypersensitive to the antifungal drug fluconazole and copper ions. We show here that such a flippase mutant also has an altered distribution of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and ergosterol. Analyses of additional lipid transporters, i.e. the flippases Dnf1-3, and all the oxysterol binding protein (Osh) family lipid transfer proteins, i.e. Osh2-4 and Osh7, indicate that they are not critical for filamentous growth. However, deletion of Osh4 alone, which exchanges PI(4)P for sterol, in a drs2 mutant can bypass the requirement for this flippase in invasive filamentous growth. In addition, deletion of the lipid phosphatase Sac1, which dephosphorylates PI(4)P, in a drs2 mutant results in a synthetic growth defect, suggesting that Drs2 and Sac1 function in parallel pathways. Together, our results indicate that a balance between the activities of two putative lipid transporters regulates invasive filamentous growth, via PI(4)P. In contrast, deletion of OSH4 in drs2 does not restore growth on fluconazole, nor on papuamide A, a toxin that binds PS in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, suggesting that Drs2 has additional role(s) in plasma membrane organization, independent of Osh4. As we show that C. albicans Drs2 localizes to different structures, including the Spitzenkörper, we investigated if a specific localization of Drs2 is critical for different functions, using a synthetic physical interaction approach to restrict/stabilize Drs2 at the Spitzenkörper. Our results suggest that the localization of Drs2 at the plasma membrane is critical for C. albicans growth on fluconazole and papuamide A, but not for invasive filamentous growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocio Garcia-Rodas
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Parc Valrose, Nice, FRANCE
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Zaragoza
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-CB21/13/00105), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martine Bassilana
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Parc Valrose, Nice, FRANCE
- * E-mail:
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5
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Mallery EL, Yanagisawa M, Zhang C, Lee Y, Robles LM, Alonso JM, Szymanski DB. Tandem C2 domains mediate dynamic organelle targeting of a DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factor. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275003. [PMID: 35194638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms use DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factors to activate Rac/Rho-of-Plants small GTPases and coordinate cell shape change. In developing tissues, DOCK signals integrate cell-cell interactions with cytoskeleton remodeling, and the GEFs cluster reversibly at specific organelle surfaces to orchestrate cytoskeletal reorganization. The domain organizations among DOCK orthologs are diverse, and the mechanisms of localization control are poorly understood. Here we use combinations of transgene complementation and live cell imaging assays to uncover an evolutionarily conserved and essential localization determinant in the DOCK-GEF named SPIKE1. The SPIKE1-DHR3 domain is sufficient for organelle association in vivo, and displays a complicated lipid binding selectivity for both phospholipid head groups and fatty acid chain saturation. SPIKE1-DHR3 is predicted to adopt a C2-domain structure and functions as part of tandem C2 array that enables reversible clustering at the cell apex. This work provides mechanistic insight into how DOCK GEFs sense compositional and biophysical membrane properties at the interface of two organelle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen L Mallery
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Makoto Yanagisawa
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Youngwoo Lee
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Linda M Robles
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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6
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Laquel P, Testet E, Tuphile K, Cullin C, Fouillen L, Bessoule JJ, Doignon F. Phosphoinositides containing stearic acid are required for interaction between Rho GTPases and the exocyst to control the late steps of polarised exocytosis. Traffic 2021; 23:120-136. [PMID: 34908215 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity is achieved by regulators such as small G proteins, exocyst members and phosphoinositides, with the latter playing a key role when bound to the exocyst proteins Sec3p and Exo70p, and Rho GTPases. This ensures asymmetric growth via the routing of proteins and lipids to the cell surface using actin cables. Previously, using a yeast mutant for a lysophosphatidylinositol acyl transferase encoded by the PSI1 gene, we demonstrated the role of stearic acid in the acyl chain of phosphoinositides in cytoskeletal organisation and secretion. Here, we use a genetic approach to characterise the effect on late steps of the secretory pathway. The constitutive overexpression of PSI1 in mutants affecting kinases involved in the phosphoinositide pathway demonstrated the role of molecular species containing stearic acid in bypassing a lack of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate PI(4)P at the plasma membrane, which is essential for the function of the Cdc42p module. Decreasing the levels of stearic acid-containing phosphoinositides modifies the environment of the actors involved in the control of late steps in the secretory pathway. This leads to decreased interactions between Exo70p and Sec3p, with Cdc42p, Rho1p and Rho3p, due to disruption of the GTP/GDP ratio of at least Rho1p and Rho3p GTPases, thereby preventing activation of the exocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Laquel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - E Testet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - K Tuphile
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - C Cullin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - L Fouillen
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux, Functional Genomics Centre, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - J J Bessoule
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - F Doignon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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7
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Lenoir G, D'Ambrosio JM, Dieudonné T, Čopič A. Transport Pathways That Contribute to the Cellular Distribution of Phosphatidylserine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737907. [PMID: 34540851 PMCID: PMC8440936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid that displays a highly uneven distribution within cellular membranes, essential for establishment of cell polarity and other processes. In this review, we discuss how combined action of PS biosynthesis enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) acting within membrane contact sites (MCS) between the ER and other compartments, and lipid flippases and scramblases that mediate PS flip-flop between membrane leaflets controls the cellular distribution of PS. Enrichment of PS in specific compartments, in particular in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), requires input of energy, which can be supplied in the form of ATP or by phosphoinositides. Conversely, coupling between PS synthesis or degradation, PS flip-flop and PS transfer may enable PS transfer by passive flow. Such scenario is best documented by recent work on the formation of autophagosomes. The existence of lateral PS nanodomains, which is well-documented in the case of the PM and postulated for other compartments, can change the steepness or direction of PS gradients between compartments. Improvements in cellular imaging of lipids and membranes, lipidomic analysis of complex cellular samples, reconstitution of cellular lipid transport reactions and high-resolution structural data have greatly increased our understanding of cellular PS homeostasis. Our review also highlights how budding yeast has been instrumental for our understanding of the organization and transport of PS in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lenoir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juan Martín D'Ambrosio
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibaud Dieudonné
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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8
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Molecular subversion of Cdc42 signalling in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1425-1442. [PMID: 34196668 PMCID: PMC8412110 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and a master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, controlling cell motility, polarity and cell cycle progression. This small G protein and its regulators have been the subject of many years of fruitful investigation and the advent of functional genomics and proteomics has opened up new avenues of exploration including how it functions at specific locations in the cell. This has coincided with the introduction of new structural techniques with the ability to study small GTPases in the context of the membrane. The role of Cdc42 in cancer is well established but the molecular details of its action are still being uncovered. Here we review alterations found to Cdc42 itself and to key components of the signal transduction pathways it controls in cancer. Given the challenges encountered with targeting small G proteins directly therapeutically, it is arguably the regulators of Cdc42 and the effector signalling pathways downstream of the small G protein which will be the most tractable targets for therapeutic intervention. These will require interrogation in order to fully understand the global signalling contribution of Cdc42, unlock the potential for mapping new signalling axes and ultimately produce inhibitors of Cdc42 driven signalling.
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9
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Smokvarska M, Jaillais Y, Martinière A. Function of membrane domains in rho-of-plant signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:663-681. [PMID: 33793925 PMCID: PMC8133555 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In a crowded environment, establishing interactions between different molecular partners can take a long time. Biological membranes have solved this issue, as they simultaneously are fluid and possess compartmentalized domains. This nanoscale organization of the membrane is often based on weak, local, and multivalent interactions between lipids and proteins. However, from local interactions at the nanoscale, different functional properties emerge at the higher scale, and these are critical to regulate and integrate cellular signaling. Rho of Plant (ROP) proteins are small guanosine triphosphate hydrolase enzymes (GTPases) involved in hormonal, biotic, and abiotic signaling, as well as fundamental cell biological properties such as polarity, vesicular trafficking, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Association with the membrane is essential for ROP function, as well as their precise targeting within micrometer-sized polar domains (i.e. microdomains) and nanometer-sized clusters (i.e. nanodomains). Here, we review our current knowledge about the formation and the maintenance of the ROP domains in membranes. Furthermore, we propose a model for ROP membrane targeting and discuss how the nanoscale organization of ROPs in membranes could determine signaling parameters like signal specificity, amplification, and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Smokvarska
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
- Author for communication:
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10
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Sakurai T, Kukimoto-Niino M, Kunimura K, Yamane N, Sakata D, Aihara R, Yasuda T, Yokoyama S, Shirouzu M, Fukui Y, Uruno T. A conserved PI(4,5)P2-binding domain is critical for immune regulatory function of DOCK8. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/4/e202000873. [PMID: 33574036 PMCID: PMC7893821 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study uncovers a critical role of DOCK8 in coupling PI(4,5)P2 signaling with Cdc42 activation through its DHR-1 domain during interstitial leukocyte migration. DOCK8 is a Cdc42-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that is essential for development and functions of various subsets of leukocytes in innate and acquired immune responses. Although DOCK8 plays a critical role in spatial control of Cdc42 activity during interstitial leukocyte migration, the mechanism remains unclear. We show that the DOCK homology region (DHR)-1 domain of DOCK8 binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and is required for its recruitment to the plasma membrane. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal that DOCK8 DHR-1 domain consists of a C2 domain-like core with loops creating the upper surface pocket, where three basic residues are located for stereospecific recognition of phosphoinositides. Substitution of the two basic residues, K576 and R581, with alanine abolished PI(4,5)P2 binding in vitro, ablated the ability of DOCK8 to activate Cdc42 and support leukocyte migration in three-dimensional collagen gels. Dendritic cells carrying the mutation exhibited defective interstitial migration in vivo. Thus, our study uncovers a critical role of DOCK8 in coupling PI(4,5)P2 signaling with Cdc42 activation for immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sakurai
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kunimura
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nana Yamane
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiji Sakata
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Aihara
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yasuda
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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López-Marqués RL. Lipid flippases in polarized growth. Curr Genet 2021; 67:255-262. [PMID: 33388852 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polarized growth is required in eukaryotic cells for processes such as cell division, morphogenesis and motility, which involve conserved and interconnected signalling pathways controlling cell cycle progression, cytoskeleton reorganization and secretory pathway functioning. While many of the factors involved in polarized growth are known, it is not yet clear how they are coordinated both spatially and temporally. Several lines of evidence point to the important role of lipid flippases in polarized growth events. Lipid flippases, which mainly belong to the P4 subfamily of P-type ATPases, are active transporters that move different lipids to the cytosolic side of biological membranes at the expense of ATP. The involvement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane P4 ATPases Dnf1p and Dnf2p in polarized growth and their activation by kinase phosphorylation were established some years ago. However, these two proteins do not seem to be responsible for the phosphatidylserine internalization required for early recruitment of proteins to the plasma membrane during yeast mating and budding. In a recent publication, we demonstrated that the Golgi-localized P4 ATPase Dnf3p has a preference for PS as a substrate, can reach the plasma membrane in a cell cycle-dependent manner, and is regulated by the same kinases that activate Dnf1p and Dnf2p. This finding solves a long-lasting enigma in the field of lipid flippases and suggests that tight and heavily coordinated spatiotemporal control of lipid translocation at the plasma membrane is important for proper polarized growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Laura López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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12
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Abstract
While the organization of inanimate systems such as gases or liquids is predominantly thermodynamically driven—a mixture of two gases will tend to mix until they reach equilibrium—biological systems frequently exhibit organization that is far from a well-mixed equilibrium. The anisotropies displayed by cells are evident in some of the dynamic processes that constitute life including cell development, movement, and division. These anisotropies operate at different length-scales, from the meso- to the nanoscale, and are proposed to reflect self-organization, a characteristic of living systems that is becoming accessible to reconstitution from purified components, and thus a more thorough understanding. Here, some examples of self-organization underlying cellular anisotropies at the cellular level are reviewed, with an emphasis on Rho-family GTPases operating at the plasma membrane. Given the technical challenges of studying these dynamic proteins, some of the successful approaches that are being employed to study their self-organization will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek McCusker
- Dynamics of Cell Growth and Division, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, F-33607 Bordeaux, France; Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Genetics, UMR 5095, University of Bordeaux and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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13
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Lamas I, Weber N, Martin SG. Activation of Cdc42 GTPase upon CRY2-Induced Cortical Recruitment Is Antagonized by GAPs in Fission Yeast. Cells 2020; 9:E2089. [PMID: 32932721 PMCID: PMC7565336 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Cdc42 is critical for cell polarization in eukaryotic cells. In rod-shaped fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells, active GTP-bound Cdc42 promotes polarized growth at cell poles, while inactive Cdc42-GDP localizes ubiquitously also along cell sides. Zones of Cdc42 activity are maintained by positive feedback amplification involving the formation of a complex between Cdc42-GTP, the scaffold Scd2, and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Scd1, which promotes the activation of more Cdc42. Here, we use the CRY2-CIB1 optogenetic system to recruit and cluster a cytosolic Cdc42 variant at the plasma membrane and show that this leads to its moderate activation also on cell sides. Surprisingly, Scd2, which binds Cdc42-GTP, is still recruited to CRY2-Cdc42 clusters at cell sides in individual deletion of the GEFs Scd1 or Gef1. We show that activated Cdc42 clusters at cell sides are able to recruit Scd1, dependent on the scaffold Scd2. However, Cdc42 activity is not amplified by positive feedback and does not lead to morphogenetic changes, due to antagonistic activity of the GTPase activating protein Rga4. Thus, the cell architecture is robust to moderate activation of Cdc42 at cell sides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie G. Martin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (I.L.); (N.W.)
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14
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Grinhagens S, Dünkler A, Wu Y, Rieger L, Brenner P, Gronemeyer T, Mulaw MA, Johnsson N. A time-resolved interaction analysis of Bem1 reconstructs the flow of Cdc42 during polar growth. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000813. [PMID: 32737079 PMCID: PMC7409549 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc42 organizes cellular polarity and directs the formation of cellular structures in many organisms. By locating Cdc24, the source of active Cdc42, to the growing front of the yeast cell, the scaffold protein Bem1, is instrumental in shaping the cellular gradient of Cdc42. This gradient instructs bud formation, bud growth, or cytokinesis through the actions of a diverse set of effector proteins. To address how Bem1 participates in these transformations, we systematically tracked its protein interactions during one cell cycle to define the ensemble of Bem1 interaction states for each cell cycle stage. Mutants of Bem1 that interact with only a discrete subset of the interaction partners allowed to assign specific functions to different interaction states and identified the determinants for their cellular distributions. The analysis characterizes Bem1 as a cell cycle-specific shuttle that distributes active Cdc42 from its source to its effectors. It further suggests that Bem1 might convert the PAKs Cla4 and Ste20 into their active conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Grinhagens
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Dünkler
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yehui Wu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucia Rieger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp Brenner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronemeyer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nils Johnsson
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Chollet J, Dünkler A, Bäuerle A, Vivero-Pol L, Mulaw MA, Gronemeyer T, Johnsson N. Cdc24 interacts with septins to create a positive feedback loop during bud site assembly in yeast. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240283. [PMID: 32327559 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cells select the position of their new bud at the beginning of each cell cycle. The recruitment of septins to this prospective bud site is one of the critical events in a complex assembly pathway that culminates in the outgrowth of a new daughter cell. During recruitment, septin rods follow the high concentration of Cdc42GTP that is generated by the focused localization of the Cdc42 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor Cdc24. We show that, shortly before budding, Cdc24 not only activates Cdc42 but also transiently interacts with Cdc11, the septin subunit that caps both ends of the septin rods. Mutations in Cdc24 that reduce affinity to Cdc11 impair septin recruitment and decrease the stability of the polarity patch. The interaction between septins and Cdc24 thus reinforces bud assembly at sites where septin structures are formed. Once the septins polymerize to form the septin ring, Cdc24 is found at the cortex of the bud and directs further outgrowth from this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Chollet
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Ulm University, James-Franck-Ring N27, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Dünkler
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Ulm University, James-Franck-Ring N27, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne Bäuerle
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Ulm University, James-Franck-Ring N27, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Vivero-Pol
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Ulm University, James-Franck-Ring N27, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Ulm University, James-Franck-Ring N27, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronemeyer
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Ulm University, James-Franck-Ring N27, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nils Johnsson
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Ulm University, James-Franck-Ring N27, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Cheng Y, Felix B, Othmer HG. The Roles of Signaling in Cytoskeletal Changes, Random Movement, Direction-Sensing and Polarization of Eukaryotic Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1437. [PMID: 32531876 PMCID: PMC7348768 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement of cells and tissues is essential at various stages during the lifetime of an organism, including morphogenesis in early development, in the immune response to pathogens, and during wound-healing and tissue regeneration. Individual cells are able to move in a variety of microenvironments (MEs) (A glossary of the acronyms used herein is given at the end) by suitably adapting both their shape and how they transmit force to the ME, but how cells translate environmental signals into the forces that shape them and enable them to move is poorly understood. While many of the networks involved in signal detection, transduction and movement have been characterized, how intracellular signals control re-building of the cyctoskeleton to enable movement is not understood. In this review we discuss recent advances in our understanding of signal transduction networks related to direction-sensing and movement, and some of the problems that remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougan Cheng
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;
| | - Bryan Felix
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55445, USA;
| | - Hans G. Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55445, USA;
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17
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Abstract
The Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a central regulator of cell polarity in diverse cell types. The activity of Cdc42 is dynamically controlled in time and space to enable distinct polarization events, which generally occur along a single axis in response to spatial cues. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying Cdc42 polarization has benefited largely from studies of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a genetically tractable model organism. In budding yeast, Cdc42 activation occurs in two temporal steps in the G1 phase of the cell cycle to establish a proper growth site. Here, we review findings in budding yeast that reveal an intricate crosstalk among polarity proteins for biphasic Cdc42 regulation. The first step of Cdc42 activation may determine the axis of cell polarity, while the second step ensures robust Cdc42 polarization for growth. Biphasic Cdc42 polarization is likely to ensure the proper timing of events including the assembly and recognition of spatial landmarks and stepwise assembly of a new ring of septins, cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins, at the incipient bud site. Biphasic activation of GTPases has also been observed in mammalian cells, suggesting that biphasic activation could be a general mechanism for signal-responsive cell polarization. Cdc42 activity is necessary for polarity establishment during normal cell division and development, but its activity has also been implicated in the promotion of aging. We also discuss negative polarity signaling and emerging concepts of Cdc42 signaling in cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi E Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Pil Jung Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Hay-Oak Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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18
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Yamamoto E, Domański J, Naughton FB, Best RB, Kalli AC, Stansfeld PJ, Sansom MSP. Multiple lipid binding sites determine the affinity of PH domains for phosphoinositide-containing membranes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay5736. [PMID: 32128410 PMCID: PMC7030919 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Association of peripheral proteins with lipid bilayers regulates membrane signaling and dynamics. Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains bind to phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) molecules in membranes. The effects of local PIP enrichment on the interaction of PH domains with membranes is unclear. Molecular dynamics simulations allow estimation of the binding energy of GRP1 PH domain to PIP3-containing membranes. The free energy of interaction of the PH domain with more than two PIP3 molecules is comparable to experimental values, suggesting that PH domain binding involves local clustering of PIP molecules within membranes. We describe a mechanism of PH binding proceeding via an encounter state to two bound states which differ in the orientation of the protein relative to the membrane, these orientations depending on the local PIP concentration. These results suggest that nanoscale clustering of PIP molecules can control the strength and orientation of PH domain interaction in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamamoto
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jan Domański
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA
| | - Fiona B. Naughton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, USA
| | - Robert B. Best
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Astbury Center for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Phillip J. Stansfeld
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark S. P. Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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19
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External signal-mediated polarized growth in fungi. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 62:150-158. [PMID: 31875532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the majority of fungi are nonmotile, polarized growth in response to an external signal enables them to search for nutrients and mating partners, and hence is crucial for survival and proliferation. Although the mechanisms underlying polarization in response to external signals has commonalities with polarization during mitotic division, during budding, and fission growth, the importance of diverse feedback loops regulating external signal-mediated polarized growth is likely to be distinct and uniquely adapted to a dynamic environment. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that are crucial for polarity in response to external signals in fungi, with particular focus on the roles of membrane traffic, small GTPases, and lipids, as well as the interplay between cell shape and cell growth.
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20
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Peglion F, Goehring NW. Switching states: dynamic remodelling of polarity complexes as a toolkit for cell polarization. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 60:121-130. [PMID: 31295650 PMCID: PMC6906085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polarity is defined by the segregation of cellular components along a defined axis. To polarize robustly, cells must be able to break symmetry and subsequently amplify these nascent asymmetries. Finally, asymmetric localization of signaling molecules must be translated into functional regulation of downstream effector pathways. Central to these behaviors are a diverse set of cell polarity networks. Within these networks, molecules exhibit varied behaviors, dynamically switching among different complexes and states, active versus inactive, bound versus unbound, immobile versus diffusive. This ability to switch dynamically between states is intimately connected to the ability of molecules to generate asymmetric patterns within cells. Focusing primarily on polarity pathways governed by the conserved PAR proteins, we discuss strategies enabled by these dynamic behaviors that are used by cells to polarize. We highlight not only how switching between states is linked to the ability of polarity proteins to localize asymmetrically, but also how cells take advantage of 'state switching' to regulate polarity in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Peglion
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathan W Goehring
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, London, UK.
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21
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Platre MP, Bayle V, Armengot L, Bareille J, Marquès-Bueno MDM, Creff A, Maneta-Peyret L, Fiche JB, Nollmann M, Miège C, Moreau P, Martinière A, Jaillais Y. Developmental control of plant Rho GTPase nano-organization by the lipid phosphatidylserine. Science 2019; 364:57-62. [PMID: 30948546 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav9959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are master regulators of cell signaling, but how they are regulated depending on the cellular context is unclear. We found that the phospholipid phosphatidylserine acts as a developmentally controlled lipid rheostat that tunes Rho GTPase signaling in Arabidopsis Live superresolution single-molecule imaging revealed that the protein Rho of Plants 6 (ROP6) is stabilized by phosphatidylserine into plasma membrane nanodomains, which are required for auxin signaling. Our experiments also revealed that the plasma membrane phosphatidylserine content varies during plant root development and that the level of phosphatidylserine modulates the quantity of ROP6 nanoclusters induced by auxin and hence downstream signaling, including regulation of endocytosis and gravitropism. Our work shows that variations in phosphatidylserine levels are a physiological process that may be leveraged to regulate small GTPase signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Bareille
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Marquès-Bueno
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Miège
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France.
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22
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Petit JD, Immel F, Lins L, Bayer EM. Lipids or Proteins: Who Is Leading the Dance at Membrane Contact Sites? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:198. [PMID: 30846999 PMCID: PMC6393330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mode of action of membrane contact sites (MCSs) across eukaryotic organisms at the near-atomic level to infer function at the cellular and tissue levels is a challenge scientists are currently facing. These peculiar systems dedicated to inter-organellar communication are perfect examples of cellular processes where the interplay between lipids and proteins is critical. In this mini review, we underline the link between membrane lipid environment, the recruitment of proteins at specialized membrane domains and the function of MCSs. More precisely, we want to give insights on the crucial role of lipids in defining the specificity of plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) MCSs and we further propose approaches to study them at multiple scales. Our goal is not so much to go into detailed description of MCSs, as there are numerous focused reviews on the subject, but rather try to pinpoint the critical elements defining those structures and give an original point of view by considering the subject from a near-atomic angle with a focus on lipids. We review current knowledge as to how lipids can define MCS territories, play a role in the recruitment and function of the MCS-associated proteins and in turn, how the lipid environment can be modified by proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules D. Petit
- UMR5200 CNRS, Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, TERRA Research Centre, GX ABT, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Françoise Immel
- UMR5200 CNRS, Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Laurence Lins
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, TERRA Research Centre, GX ABT, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle M. Bayer
- UMR5200 CNRS, Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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