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Cook WK, Li X, Sundquist K, Kendler KS, Sundquist J, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Drinking cultures and socioeconomic risk factors for alcohol and drug use disorders among first- and second-generation immigrants: A longitudinal analysis of Swedish population data. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108804. [PMID: 34216865 PMCID: PMC8355220 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few longitudinal studies investigate predictors of substance use incidence among immigrants. The current study describes substance use disorders in immigrants to Sweden, focusing on drinking culture in the country of origin and socioeconomic status (SES), and how these intersect with generational status to influence risk. METHODS Using pseudonymized Swedish population registry data, we track onset of alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder in a longitudinal study of 815,778 first-generation immigrants and 674,757 second-generation immigrants from 64 countries over a 6-year period. Cox regression analysis estimated risks of alcohol and drug use disorders in second-generation immigrants compared to first-generation, and moderation analyses assessed interactions of generational status with country-of-origin per capita alcohol consumption and SES. RESULTS Immigrants and second-generation immigrants originating from countries with high levels of alcohol consumption had higher risks for alcohol and drug use disorders. Immigrants with high SES had lower risks for alcohol and drug use disorders. The interaction between generational status and country-of-origin alcohol consumption was significant for drug use disorder (not for alcohol use disorder), with drug use disorder risk for second-generation immigrants being highest for those from countries with the lowest level of country-of-origin per capita alcohol consumption. The interaction between generational status and SES was significant for alcohol use disorder, with low-SES second-generation immigrants showing markedly higher risk than first-generation immigrants with comparable SES. CONCLUSIONS Among immigrants in Sweden, second-generation immigrants are at increased risk of developing alcohol and drug use disorders, particularly if they have lower SES. Policy and community attention to these high-risk subgroups in immigrant communities is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
| | - Xinjun Li
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA,Community Health and Implementation Research Program, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Youngmann R, Zilber N, Haklai Z, Goldberger N. Suicide rates and risk factors for suicide among Israeli immigrants from Ethiopia (1985-2017). Isr J Health Policy Res 2021; 10:27. [PMID: 33757597 PMCID: PMC7985741 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-021-00454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates among Ethiopian immigrants to Israel (EI) are relatively high. This study sought to identify suicide-risk factors in this population in order to suggest some potentially preventive measures to mental health policymakers who are struggling to prevent suicide among EI. METHOD Nationwide age-adjusted suicide rates were calculated for EI, Former Soviet Union immigrants (FSUI) and Israeli-born (IB) Jews by age, gender, and year of death and, for EI, by marital status and immigration period in the years 1985-2017 (1990-2017 for FSUI). RESULTS Age-adjusted suicide rates for the period 1990-2017 confirmed the significantly higher rate among EI--3.1 times higher than for FSUI and 4.1 times higher than for IB. Similar rates were obtained for both genders, within each age group, and in all study years. Comparable male/female rate ratios were found among EI and IB (3.3, 3.6, respectively). Over the years of the study, only among the Ethiopian immigrants were there large fluctuations in suicide rates: a decrease (1992-2001), followed by an increase (2001-2006), and then a progressive decrease (from 2006). The secular changes differed greatly according to age. Among females, these fluctuations were smaller, the decrease began earlier and was greater, and the subsequent increase was much smaller. Marriage was found to be less protective for Ethiopian immigrants than for the other surveyed populations. CONCLUSIONS The considerable gap between the EI's and FSUI's suicide rates highlights the critical role of immigrants' integration difficulties. These difficulties among EI lead to ongoing conflict within the family, which may explain why marriage is less protective for EI. Nevertheless, progressive integration is occurring as indicated by the decline in suicide rates since 2006. The fluctuations in EI suicide rates over time seem to be associated with modifications in social welfare allowances, which are crucial for EI of low socioeconomic status. Groups at risk, particularly EI men facing socioeconomic challenges and EI with considerable family conflict, typically identified by HMOs and welfare services, should be screened for suicide risk, and those identified as at risk referred to tailored workshops sensitive to Ethiopian culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Youngmann
- Clinical Psychology Department, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
| | - Nelly Zilber
- The Falk Institute for Mental Health Studies, Kfar Shaul Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ziona Haklai
- Division of Health Information, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nehama Goldberger
- Division of Health Information, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Pollack HA. Harm reduction when it's for our own kids: comment on Hagit Bonny-Noach, "The evolution of Israeli public policy for drug-using backpackers. Isr J Health Policy Res 2018; 7:65. [PMID: 30355301 PMCID: PMC6199804 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-018-0253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hagit Bonny-Noach notes the challenging history of illicit substance use among Israeli backpackers. Few Israeli practices are more normative than the backpacking-trip as a rite of passage. Unsurprisingly, backpacking in far-off locales provides occasion to experiment with the various intoxicating experiences young adult life has to offer. Some such experimentation is expected, and often developmentally appropriate. It also carries real risks and causes real harms. Israeli policymakers’ efforts to address this issue underscore both the necessity and the difficulty of harm reduction. Bonny-Noach usefully notes the importance of social class as both a facilitator and a barrier to effective public health policies to protect young adults from drug-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold A Pollack
- Helen Ross Professor of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, 969 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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4
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Elliott JC, Delker E, Wall MM, Feng T, Aharonovich E, Tracy M, Galea S, Ahern J, Sarvet AL, Hasin DS. Neighborhood-Level Drinking Norms and Alcohol Intervention Outcomes in HIV Patients Who Are Heavy Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2240-2246. [PMID: 27543208 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol consumption can be harmful, particularly for individuals with HIV. There is substantial variability in response to interventions that aim to reduce drinking. Neighborhood drinking norms may explain some of this variability among HIV-infected patients. Therefore, we investigated whether neighborhood-level drinking norms modified response to alcohol intervention among HIV-infected heavy drinkers. METHODS Heavily-drinking HIV comprehensive care patients (n = 230) completed 1 of 3 brief alcohol interventions (an educational intervention, a motivational interviewing [MI] intervention, or an MI intervention with a technological enhancement called HealthCall). Drinking was reported at baseline and end of treatment (60 days). Neighborhood-level drinking norms were obtained from a separate general population study. RESULTS Patients' reductions in drinks per drinking day in response to MI (as compared with the educational control) were more pronounced in neighborhoods with more permissive drinking norms. In contrast, patients' reductions in drinks per drinking day in response to MI plus HealthCall did not significantly vary between neighborhoods with different drinking norms. Norms did not evidence significant interactions with intervention condition for 3 other exploratory drinking outcomes (drinking frequency, binge frequency, and maximum quantity). CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood-level drinking norms help explain differential response to an alcohol MI intervention among HIV-infected patients. This study suggests the utility of considering neighborhood context as an effect modifier of alcohol interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Elliott
- New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York City, New York.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Erin Delker
- New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York City, New York.,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health (Epidemiology) , San Diego, California
| | - Melanie M Wall
- New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York City, New York.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York.,Department of Biostatistics , Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Tianshu Feng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York City, New York
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York City, New York.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Melissa Tracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public Health , Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Ahern
- Division of Epidemiology , School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Aaron L Sarvet
- New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York City, New York
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York City, New York. , .,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York. , .,Department of Epidemiology , Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York. ,
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5
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Alderete E, Gregorich SE, Monteban M, Kaplan CP, Mejia R, Livaudais-Toman J, Pérez-Stable EJ. Effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and exposure to racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multiethnic Argentinean youth. Prev Med 2016; 85:60-68. [PMID: 26763165 PMCID: PMC5354355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of factors reflecting appreciation of Indigenous culture and racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multi-ethnic youth in Jujuy, Argentina. METHODS Students were surveyed from 27 secondary schools that were randomly selected to represent the province. A total of 3040 eligible students in 10th grade, age 14 to 18years were surveyed in 2006 and 2660 of these same students completed surveys in 11th grade in 2007. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and reported exposure to racial insults in 10th grade on incident current alcohol drinking in previous 30days, binge drinking (≥5 drinks at one sitting), and lifetime drug use (marijuana, inhalants or cocaine) in 11th grade among students not reporting these behaviors in 2006. RESULTS In 2006, 63% of respondents reported high appreciation for Indigenous cultures and 39% had ever experienced racial insults. In 2007, incident current drinking was 24.4%, binge drinking 14.8%, and any drug use initiation was 4.1%. Exposure to racial insults increased the likelihood of binge drinking (OR=1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.1) but was not significant for any drug use. Appreciation for Indigenous cultures reduced the risk of any drug use initiation (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7) but had no effect for alcohol drinking outcomes. These effects were independent of Indigenous ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing appreciation for Indigenous cultures and decreasing racial insults are achievable goals that can be incorporated into programs to prevent youth substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Alderete
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, and Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Regional (ICTER), Argentina
| | - Steven E Gregorich
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Celia P Kaplan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, USA
| | - Raul Mejia
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Livaudais-Toman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA; Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Borges G, Cherpitel CJ, Orozco R, Zemore SE, Wallisch L, Medina-Mora ME, Breslau J. Substance Use and Cumulative Exposure to American Society: Findings From Both Sides of the US-Mexico Border Region. Am J Public Health 2015; 106:119-27. [PMID: 26562124 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether Mexican immigration to the United States exerts transnational effects on substance use in Mexico and the United States. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey of 2336 Mexican Americans and 2460 Mexicans in 3 Texas border metropolitan areas and their sister cities in Mexico (the US-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2011-2013). We collected prevalence and risk factors for alcohol and drug use; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, alcohol-use disorders; and 2 symptoms (hazardous use and quit or control) of drug use disorder across a continuum of migration experiences in the Mexican and Mexican American populations. RESULTS Compared with Mexicans with no migrant experience, the adjusted odds ratios for this continuum of migration experiences ranged from 1.10 to 8.85 for 12-month drug use, 1.09 to 5.07 for 12-month alcohol use disorder, and 1.13 to 9.95 for 12-month drug-use disorder. Odds ratios increased with longer exposure to US society. These findings are consistent with those of 3 previous studies. CONCLUSIONS People of Mexican origin have increased prevalence of substance use and disorders with cumulative exposure to US society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cheryl J Cherpitel
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ricardo Orozco
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah E Zemore
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lynn Wallisch
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maria-Elena Medina-Mora
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joshua Breslau
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
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7
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Shmulewitz D, Greene ER, Hasin D. Commonalities and Differences Across Substance Use Disorders: Phenomenological and Epidemiological Aspects. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1878-900. [PMID: 26332166 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although psychoactive substances vary in many ways, they have important commonalties, particularly in their ability to lead to an addiction syndrome. The field lacks an updated review of the commonalities and differences in the phenomenology of alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, stimulants, opioids, hallucinogens, sedatives/tranquilizers, and inhalants and their related substance use disorders (SUDs). METHODS DSM-IV and DSM-5 SUD diagnostic criteria were reviewed, as was evidence from recent epidemiological and clinical research: psychometric studies (test-retest reliability, latent trait analysis); physiological indicators (tolerance, withdrawal); prevalence and age of onset. Information was incorporated from previous reviews, PubMed and Scopus literature searches, and data from large U.S. national surveys. RESULTS Empirical evidence in the form of test-retest reliability and unidimensionality supports use of the same DSM-IV dependence or DSM-5 SUD diagnostic criteria across substances. For most substances, the criteria sets were generally most informative in general population samples at moderate-to-severe levels of SUD. Across substances, 2 criteria (tolerance and use in hazardous situations) were identified as functioning differently in population subgroups. Since substances have different pharmacological effects, withdrawal is assessed using substance-specific symptoms, while tolerance is not; issues remain with the assessment of tolerance. Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis were consistently identified as the substances with earliest onset of use, highest prevalence of lifetime use, and highest prevalence of lifetime disorder. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences between psychoactive substances, the generic DSM criteria set appears equally applicable across substances. Additional studies of tolerance and hazardous use will be useful for future nosologies. Alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco are the substances with the greatest public health impact due to the high prevalence and early onset of their use, and the potential all 3 substances have to lead to addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York
| | - Emily R Greene
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Deborah Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York
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8
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Massey Z, Chartier KG, Stebbins MB, Canetti D, Hobfoll SE, Hall BJ, Shuval K. Explaining the frequency of alcohol consumption in a conflict zone: Jews and Palestinians in Israel. Addict Behav 2015; 46:31-8. [PMID: 25777746 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing stress and exposure to terrorism may have an adverse effect on health risk behaviors. Few studies have examined alcohol use among adults living in Israel under chronic, stressful terrorism-related conditions. In this study, we examined the relationships of demographics, past stressful events, and terrorism exposure to the frequency of alcohol use and the mediating roles of depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We used three waves of data from a 2007-2008 nationally representative sample of Jewish and Palestinian adults in Israel. We assessed past stressful events, in addition to direct and indirect exposures to terrorism. Results indicated that past stressful events and exposure to terrorism were not directly associated with alcohol use, but were indirectly associated and mediated by depressive and PTSD symptomology. Mental health symptoms were differentially associated with alcohol use. More frequent drinking was mediated by higher levels of depression, including for women and Palestinians; however, PTSD symptom severity was related to less frequent drinking. Mental health may play a prominent role in the frequency of alcohol use among adults exposed to terrorism in Israel. Alcohol use, as a coping mechanism, may differ by demographic characteristics (gender and ethnicity) and psychological symptomology for adults living in a conflict zone in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Massey
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Karen G Chartier
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Social Work, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; The University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas Regional Campus, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Mary B Stebbins
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Social Work, Richmond, VA, USA; Longwood University, College of Education and Human Services, Farmville, VA 23909, USA.
| | - Daphna Canetti
- University of Haifa, School of Political Science, Terrace Bldg., Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - Stevan E Hobfoll
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Brian J Hall
- University of Macau, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kerem Shuval
- American Cancer Society, Intramural Research Department, 250 Williams St., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; American Cancer Society, Intramural Research Department, 250 Williams St., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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9
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Meyers JL, Shmulewitz D, Elliott JC, Thompson RG, Aharonovich E, Spivak B, Weizman A, Frisch A, Grant BF, Hasin DS. Parental alcohol history differentially predicts offspring disorders in distinct subgroups in Israel. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 75:859-69. [PMID: 25208204 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between alcoholism in parents and related disorders in their offspring is well established in cultures with intermediate/high alcohol consumption, but not in those with low consumption, such as Israel. This study investigated differences in parental transmission of alcohol problems and related psychopathology between immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) to Israel and other Israelis-two Israeli subgroups with differing alcohol consumption behaviors and social norms. METHOD A total of 1,347 adults from a household sample were interviewed. Regression analyses were used to examine associations between parental alcohol problems and participant disorders: alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use disorders (AUD, NUD, CUD); antisocial personality disorder (ASPD); major depressive disorder (MDD); and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also examined the associations of parental alcohol problems with participant disorders characterized with two latent factors: externalizing (EXT: AUD, NUD, CUD, ASPD) and internalizing (INT: MDD, PTSD). Differential parental transmission of alcohol problems in FSU (n = 315) and non-FSU (n = 1,032) Israelis was examined with statistical interaction. RESULTS Among emigrants from the FSU, parental alcohol problems predicted AUD, NUD, CUD, ASPD, PTSD, EXT, and INT (mean ratios = 1.38-4.83). In non-FSU Israelis, parental alcohol problems predicted only ASPD and PTSD (mean ratios = 1.08-4.09). Significant interactions were observed for AUD, CUD, PTSD, and EXT; each relationship was stronger in FSU Israelis and null (AUD, CUD, EXT) or less robust (PTSD) in other Israelis. CONCLUSIONS Parental alcohol problems were related to substance use and psychiatric disorders differently in FSU and other Israelis, two groups with different alcohol consumption levels and drinking norms. We propose that, in social contexts that vary in the degree to which they constrain alcohol behavior, underlying genetic predispositions may manifest as different disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer C Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ronald G Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Baruch Spivak
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel, Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Amos Frisch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Bridget F Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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10
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Kilcoyne B, Shmulewitz D, Meyers JL, Aharonovich E, Greenstein E, Frisch A, Weizman A, Spivak B, Edenberg HJ, Gelernter J, Hasin DS. Alcohol consumption mediates the relationship between ADH1B and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder and criteria. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 75:635-42. [PMID: 24988262 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A single nucleotide variation in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene, rs1229984, produces an ADH1B enzyme with faster acetaldehyde production. This protective variant is associated with lower alcohol consumption and lower risk for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Based on the premise that faster ADH1B kinetics decreases alcohol consumption, we formally tested if the association between ADH1B variant rs1229984 and AUDs occurs through consumption. We also tested whether the association between rs1229984 and each of the 11 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), AUD criteria occurs through consumption. METHOD A total of 1,130 lifetime drinkers from an Israeli household sample were assessed with a structured interview and genotyped for rs1229984 (protective allele frequency = 0.28). Logistic regression evaluated the association between rs1229984 and each phenotype (AUDs, 11 individual DSM-IV criteria). For phenotypes significantly related to rs1229984, the effect through consumption was tested with logistic regression and bootstrapping. RESULTS ADH1B rs1229984 was significantly associated with AUDs and six criteria, with odds ratios ranging from 1.32 to 1.96. The effect through consumption was significant for these relationships, explaining 23%-74% of the total ADH1B effect. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that ADH1B rs1229984 is related to 6 of the 11 DSM-IV AUD criteria and that alcohol consumption explained a significant proportion of these associations and the association of ADH1B with AUDs. Better understanding of the relationship between ADH1B and the DSM-IV AUD criteria, including effects through consumption, will enhance our understanding of the etiologic model through which AUDs can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari Kilcoyne
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Amos Frisch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel, Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Baruch Spivak
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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11
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Meyers JL, Shmulewitz D, Wall MM, Keyes KM, Aharonovich E, Spivak B, Weizman A, Frisch A, Edenberg HJ, Gelernter J, Grant BF, Hasin D. Childhood adversity moderates the effect of ADH1B on risk for alcohol-related phenotypes in Jewish Israeli drinkers. Addict Biol 2015; 20:205-14. [PMID: 24164917 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity and genetic variant ADH1B-rs1229984 have each been shown to influence heavy alcohol consumption and disorders. However, little is known about how these factors jointly influence these outcomes. We assessed the main and additive interactive effects of childhood adversity (abuse, neglect and parental divorce) and the ADH1B-rs1229984 on the quantitative phenotypes 'maximum drinks in a day' (Maxdrinks) and DSM-Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity, adjusting for demographic variables, in an Israeli sample of adult household residents (n = 1143) evaluated between 2007 and 2009. Childhood adversity and absence of the protective ADH1B-rs1229984 A allele were associated with greater mean Maxdrinks (mean differences: 1.50; 1.13, respectively) and AUD severity (mean ratios: 0.71; 0.27, respectively). In addition, childhood adversity moderated the ADH1B-rs1229984 effect on Maxdrinks (P < 0.01) and AUD severity (P < 0.05), in that there was a stronger effect of ADH1B-rs1229984 genotype on Maxdrinks and AUD severity among those who had experienced childhood adversity compared with those who had not. ADH1B-rs1229984 impacts alcohol metabolism. Therefore, among those at risk for greater consumption, e.g. those who experienced childhood adversity, ADH1B-rs1229984 appears to have a stronger effect on alcohol consumption and consequently on risk for AUD symptom severity. Evidence for the interaction of genetic vulnerability and early life adversity on alcohol-related phenotypes provides further insight into the complex relationships between genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
| | - Melanie M. Wall
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
- Department of Biostatistics; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
| | - Baruch Spivak
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center; Petach Tikva Israel
- Research Unit; Geha Mental Health Center; Petach Tikva Israel
| | - Amos Frisch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center; Petach Tikva Israel
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Molecular Genetics; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry; Genetics and Neurobiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Bridget F. Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Deborah Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
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12
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Parental psychopathology moderates the influence of parental divorce on lifetime alcohol use disorders among Israeli adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 141:85-91. [PMID: 24939440 PMCID: PMC4104554 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental divorce and psychopathology are well-documented risk factors for alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the United States and other countries where divorce is common and per capita total alcohol consumption is moderate to high. However, little is known about these relationships in countries where divorce and alcohol problems are less common, such as Israel. METHODS Israeli adult household residents (N=797) age 21-45 were interviewed in person between 2007 and 2009. Logistic regression models were used to examine main and additive interaction effects of parental divorce and psychopathology on lifetime DSM-IV AUD, adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS Parental divorce (OR=2.18, p≤0.001) and parental psychopathology (OR=1.61, p≤0.01) were independently associated with lifetime AUD and, when considered together, showed significant interaction (p=0.026). Specifically, the effect of divorce on AUD was only significant among those who also reported parental psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing the influence of parental divorce and psychopathology on risk for AUD among Israeli adults, where both divorce and AUD are less common than in the United States. Alcohol prevention and treatment professionals should recognize that children who experience parental divorce and/or psychopathology could be more vulnerable to later developing AUD than those whose parents remain together and without psychopathology.
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13
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Elliott JC, Aharonovich E, O’Leary A, Wainberg M, Hasin DS. Drinking motives among HIV primary care patients. AIDS Behav 2014; 18:1315-23. [PMID: 24165984 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-013-0644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heavy drinking among individuals with HIV is associated with poor medication adherence and other health problems. Understanding reasons for drinking (drinking motives) in this population is therefore important and could inform intervention. Using concepts of drinking motives from previous alcohol research, we assessed these motives and drinking in 254 HIV-positive primary care patients (78.0 % male; 94.5 % African American or Hispanic) prior to their participation in an alcohol intervention trial. Three motives had good factor structure and internal consistency: "drinking to cope with negative affect", "drinking for social facilitation" (both associated with heavier drinking), and "drinking due to social pressure" (associated with less drinking). Drinking motives may provide important content for alcohol intervention; clinical trials could indicate whether inclusion of such content improves intervention efficacy. Discussing motives in session could help providers assist clients in better managing psychological and social aspects of their lives without reliance on alcohol.
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14
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Elliott JC, Aharonovich E, Hasin DS. Reasons for limiting drinking in an HIV primary care sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1720-7. [PMID: 24796381 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy drinking among individuals with HIV is associated with major health concerns (liver disease, medication nonadherence, immune functioning), but little is known about cognitive-motivational factors involved in alcohol consumption in this population, particularly reasons for limiting drinking. METHODS Urban HIV primary care patients (N = 254; 78.0% male; 94.5% African American or Hispanic) in a randomized trial of brief drinking-reduction interventions reported on reasons for limiting drinking, alcohol consumption, and alcohol dependence symptoms prior to intervention. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis indicated 3 main domains of reasons for limiting drinking: social reasons (e.g., responsibility to family), lifestyle reasons (e.g., religious/moral reasons), and impairment concerns (e.g., hangovers). These factors evidenced good internal consistency (αs = 0.76 to 0.86). Higher scores on social reasons for limiting drinking were associated with lower typical quantity, maximum quantity, and binge frequency (ps < 0.01), and higher scores on lifestyle reasons were associated with lower maximum quantity, binge frequency, and intoxication frequency (ps < 0.01). In contrast, higher scores on impairment concerns were associated with more frequent drinking and intoxication, and higher risk of alcohol dependence (ps < 0.05), likely because dependent drinkers are more familiar with alcohol-induced impairment. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first to explore reasons for limiting drinking among individuals with HIV and how these reasons relate to alcohol involvement. This study yields a scale that can be used to assess reasons for limiting drinking among HIV-positive drinkers and provides information that can be used to enhance interventions with this population. Discussing social and lifestyle reasons for limiting drinking among less extreme drinkers may support and validate these patients' efforts to limit engagement in heavy drinking; discussion of impairment reasons for limiting drinking may be a way to engage dependent drinkers in efforts to decrease their alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology (JCE, DSH), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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15
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Walsh K, Elliott JC, Shmulewitz D, Aharonovich E, Strous R, Frisch A, Weizman A, Spivak B, Grant BF, Hasin D. Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder and risk for alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana dependence in Israel. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:621-30. [PMID: 24387979 PMCID: PMC3965593 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance dependence is more common among trauma-exposed individuals; however, most studies suggest that Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) accounts for the link between trauma exposure (TE) and substance dependence. OBJECTIVES This study examined associations between TE and substance dependence (alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana), and whether PTSD accounted for this association. METHOD 1317 Jewish Israeli household residents completed in-person structured interviews assessing TE, PTSD, and substance (alcohol, nicotine, marijuana) dependence between 2007 and 2009. Regression analyses examined associations among TE, PTSD, and substance dependence. RESULTS In the full sample, mean number of traumatic events was 2.7 (sd=2.2), with 83.7% experiencing at least one event. In the full sample, mean number of PTSD symptoms was 2.5 (sd=3.4), with 13.5% meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria. Prevalence of alcohol dependence was 13.4%; nicotine dependence 52.8%; and marijuana dependence 12.1%. Number of traumatic events was associated with increased odds of alcohol (OR=1.3; 95% CI=1.2-1.4) and nicotine (OR=1.2; 95% CI=1.1-1.3) dependence. Similarly, any traumatic event exposure was associated with increased odds of alcohol (OR=3.1; 95% CI=1.6-6.0) and nicotine (OR=1.9; 95% CI=1.2-2.9) dependence. PTSD symptoms were associated with increased odds of alcohol (OR=1.2; 95% CI=1.1-1.3), nicotine (OR=1.1; 95% CI=1.1-1.2), and marijuana (OR=1.1; 95% CI=1.04-1.2) dependence; similarly, a PTSD diagnosis was associated with increased odds of alcohol (OR=3.4; 95% CI=2.1-5.5), nicotine (OR=2.2; 95% CI=1.4-3.4), and marijuana (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.2-5.9) dependence. PTSD symptoms accounted for a sizeable proportion of the TE effect on alcohol (46%) and nicotine dependence (31%). CONCLUSION Individuals with more traumatic events had heightened risk for alcohol and nicotine dependence, and PTSD symptoms partially accounted for this risk. However, marijuana dependence was only significantly related to PTSD symptoms. Clinicians and researchers should separately assess different types of dependence among trauma-exposed individuals both with and without PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Rael Strous
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - Amos Frisch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49100
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49100,Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49100
| | - Baruch Spivak
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - Bridget F. Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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16
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Castro FG, Barrera M, Mena LA, Aguirre KM. Culture and alcohol use: historical and sociocultural themes from 75 years of alcohol research. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl 2014; 75 Suppl 17:36-49. [PMID: 24565310 PMCID: PMC9838738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For the period of almost 75 years, we examined the literature for studies regarding the influences of culture on alcohol use and misuse. METHOD This review is a chronology of research articles published from 1940 to 2013. From a structured literature search with select criteria, 38 articles were identified and 34 reviewed. RESULTS This analysis revealed a progression across this period of research from studies that began as descriptive ethnographic evaluations of one or more indigenous societies or cultural groups, evolving to studies using complex multivariate models to test cross-cultural effects in two or more cultural groups. Major findings across this period include the assertions that (a) a function of alcohol use may be to reduce anxiety, (b) certain cultural groups possess features of alcohol use that are not associated with negative consequences, (c) the disruptive effects of acculturative change and the stressors of new demands are associated with an increase in alcohol consumption, (d) cultural groups shape expectations about the effects of alcohol use and their definition of drunkenness, and (e) the hypothesized relationships of culture with alcohol use and misuse have been demonstrated in multivariate model analyses. CONCLUSIONS Across this 75-year period, the early proposition that culture is an important and prominent correlate of alcohol use and misuse has persisted. Within the current era of alcohol studies, this proposition has been supported by multivariate model analyses. Thus, the proposition that culture might affect alcohol use remains prominent and is as relevant today as it was when it was first proposed nearly 75 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gonzalez Castro
- Department of Psychology, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas,Correspondence may be sent to Felipe Gonzalez
Castro at the Department of Psychology, Suite 102, University of Texas at El
Paso, 500 West University, El Paso, TX 79968, or via email at:
| | - Manuel Barrera
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State
University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Laura A. Mena
- Department of Psychology, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
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17
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Castro FG, Barrera M, Mena LA, Aguirre KM. Culture and alcohol use: historical and sociocultural themes from 75 years of alcohol research. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl 2014; 75 Suppl 17:36-49. [PMID: 24565310 PMCID: PMC9838738 DOI: 10.15288/jsads.2014.s17.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For the period of almost 75 years, we examined the literature for studies regarding the influences of culture on alcohol use and misuse. METHOD This review is a chronology of research articles published from 1940 to 2013. From a structured literature search with select criteria, 38 articles were identified and 34 reviewed. RESULTS This analysis revealed a progression across this period of research from studies that began as descriptive ethnographic evaluations of one or more indigenous societies or cultural groups, evolving to studies using complex multivariate models to test cross-cultural effects in two or more cultural groups. Major findings across this period include the assertions that (a) a function of alcohol use may be to reduce anxiety, (b) certain cultural groups possess features of alcohol use that are not associated with negative consequences, (c) the disruptive effects of acculturative change and the stressors of new demands are associated with an increase in alcohol consumption, (d) cultural groups shape expectations about the effects of alcohol use and their definition of drunkenness, and (e) the hypothesized relationships of culture with alcohol use and misuse have been demonstrated in multivariate model analyses. CONCLUSIONS Across this 75-year period, the early proposition that culture is an important and prominent correlate of alcohol use and misuse has persisted. Within the current era of alcohol studies, this proposition has been supported by multivariate model analyses. Thus, the proposition that culture might affect alcohol use remains prominent and is as relevant today as it was when it was first proposed nearly 75 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Barrera
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State
University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Laura A. Mena
- Department of Psychology, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
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18
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Shoval G, Shmulewitz D, Wall MM, Aharonovich E, Spivak B, Weizman A, Hasin D. Alcohol dependence and suicide-related ideation/behaviors in an Israeli household sample, with and without major depression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:820-5. [PMID: 24117756 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide-related ideation and behaviors (SRIB) are associated with both alcohol disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of alcohol dependence (AD) and major depression to the risk for lifetime SRIB. METHODS Data from a community-based sample of 1,237 adult Israeli lifetime drinkers assessed with reliable diagnostic measures were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS Lifetime SRIB was reported in 4.7% and was more prevalent among participants with AD (9.0%) than among those without AD (4.1%); p-value = 0.01. Although both AD and major depression were associated with SRIB (AD: OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4; MDD: OR 11.4, 95% CI = 6.4 to 20.4), joint analysis showed that AD without MDD increased risk for SRIB as compared to those without AD or MDD (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.1), but AD did not increase risk among those with MDD (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.7). Among those with AD, the severity of subclinical depressive symptoms was associated with increased SRIB. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that AD increases risk for SRIB among individuals without a history of major depression. Suicidal tendencies may be undetected and underdiagnosed in this group because of the absence of major depression and therefore left untreated. These findings should be considered when adopting suicide prevention or treatment strategies for this high-risk subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Shoval
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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19
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Meyers JL, Shmulewitz D, Aharonovich E, Waxman R, Frisch A, Weizman A, Spivak B, Edenberg HJ, Gelernter J, Hasin DS. Alcohol-metabolizing genes and alcohol phenotypes in an Israeli household sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1872-81. [PMID: 23895337 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B and 1C (ADH1B and ADH1C) variants have been robustly associated with alcohol phenotypes in East Asian populations, but less so in non-Asian populations where prevalence of the most protective ADH1B allele is low (generally <5%). Further, the joint effects of ADH1B and ADH1C on alcohol phenotypes have been unclear. Therefore, we tested the independent and joint effects of ADH1B and ADH1C on alcohol phenotypes in an Israeli sample, with higher prevalence of the most protective ADH1B allele than other non-Asian populations. METHODS A structured interview assessed lifetime drinking and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in adult Israeli household residents. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped: ADH1B (rs1229984, rs1229982, and rs1159918) and ADH1C (rs698). Regression analysis examined the association between alcohol phenotypes and each SNP (absence vs. presence of the protective allele) as well as rs698/rs1229984 diplotypes (also indicating absence or presence of protective alleles) in lifetime drinkers (n = 1,129). RESULTS Lack of the ADH1B rs1229984 protective allele was significantly associated with consumption- and AUD-related phenotypes (OR = 1.77 for AUD; OR = 1.83 for risk drinking), while lack of the ADH1C rs698 protective allele was significantly associated with AUD-related phenotypes (OR = 2.32 for AUD). Diplotype analysis indicated that jointly ADH1B and ADH1C significantly influenced AUD-related phenotypes. For example, among those without protective alleles for ADH1B or ADH1C, OR for AUD was 1.87 as compared to those without the protective allele for ADH1B only and was 3.16 as compared to those with protective alleles for both ADH1B and ADH1C. CONCLUSIONS This study adds support for the relationship of ADH1B and ADH1C and alcohol phenotypes in non-Asians. Further, these findings help clarify the mixed results from previous studies by showing that ADH1B and ADH1C jointly effect AUDs, but not consumption. Studies of the association between alcohol phenotypes and either ADH1B or ADH1C alone may employ an oversimplified model, masking relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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