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Quinlan K, Romano E, Kelley-Baker T. Child Passenger Deaths in Traffic Crashes Involving Alcohol-Impaired Drivers: 2011-2020. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023064159. [PMID: 38317599 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Romano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Tara Kelley-Baker
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, District of Columbia
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Bushover BR, Mehranbod CA, Gobaud AN, Branas CC, Chen Q, Giovenco DP, Humphreys DK, Morrison CN. Self-Report Survey Measures of Alcohol-Impaired Driving: A Systematic Review. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2023; 84:781-790. [PMID: 37096774 PMCID: PMC10600975 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.22-00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol-impaired driving is a major contributor to motor vehicle crash deaths and injury. Many survey studies include self-report measures of alcohol-impaired driving, but no guidance is available to help researchers select from among available measures. The aims of this systematic review were to compile a list of measures that researchers have used previously, to compare performance between measures, and to identify the measures with highest validity and reliability. METHOD Literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies that assessed alcohol-impaired driving behavior through self-report. The measures from each study and, if available, indices of reliability or validity were extracted. Using the measures' text, we developed 10 codes to group similar measures and compare them. For example, the "alcohol effects" code refers to driving while feeling dizzy or lightheaded after drinking, and the "drink count" code pertains to the number of drinks someone consumed before driving. For measures with multiple items, each item was categorized separately. RESULTS After screening according to the eligibility criteria, 41 articles were included in the review. Thirteen articles reported on reliability. No articles reported on validity. The self-report measures with the highest reliability coefficients contained items from multiple codes, namely alcohol effects and drink count. CONCLUSIONS Self-report alcohol-impaired driving measures with multiple items evaluating distinct aspects of alcohol-impaired driving show better reliability than measures using a single item. Future work investigating the validity of these measures is needed to determine the best approach for conducting self-report research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady R. Bushover
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Christina A. Mehranbod
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ariana N. Gobaud
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles C. Branas
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Daniel P. Giovenco
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David K. Humphreys
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher N. Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia
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Gender differences in driving under the influence of psychoactive drugs: Evidence mapping of real case studies and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 341:111479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Teeters JB, Armstrong NM, King SA, Hubbard SM. A randomized pilot trial of a mobile phone-based brief intervention with personalized feedback and interactive text messaging to reduce driving after cannabis use and riding with a cannabis impaired driver. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 142:108867. [PMID: 36007434 PMCID: PMC10810297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Driving after cannabis use (DACU) and riding with a cannabis-impaired driver (RWCD) are national public health concerns. Though driving impairments and increased crash risk make DACU and RWCD two of the riskiest cannabis-related behaviors, many continue to drive after use and ride with others who are under the influence and do not view DACU or RWCD as dangerous. The current study examined the efficacy of an accessible, low-cost, mobile phone-based brief intervention aimed at reducing DACU and RWCD among college cannabis users in the context of a randomized three-group pilot trial. METHOD Participants were 97 college cannabis users (67.4 % women; average age = 21.34; 80.4 % Caucasian) who endorsed DACU at least three times in the past three months. After completing baseline measures, the study randomly assigned participants to one of three conditions: a) a substance impaired-driving personalized feedback plus MI-style interactive text messaging intervention (PF + MIT); b) a substance impaired-driving personalized feedback only intervention (PF); and c) a substance information control condition (IC). All conditions completed outcome measures three months postintervention. RESULTS Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) analyses indicated that after controlling for sex, cannabis users in the PF + MIT condition significantly reduced DACU and RWCD over time compared to those in the IC condition. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary support for the short-term efficacy of a mobile phone-based intervention in decreasing DACU and RWCD among college cannabis users. Future research should determine whether these reductions in driving behaviors persist past three months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni B Teeters
- Psychological Sciences Department, Western Kentucky University, United States of America.
| | - Nicole M Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States of America
| | - Shelby A King
- Psychology Department, East Tennessee State University, United States of America
| | - Sterling M Hubbard
- Counseling Psychology Department, Iowa State University, United States of America
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Bazílio GS, Guimarães RA, Nazif-Munoz JI, Ouimet MC, Mamri A, Morais Neto OL. Estimate of the magnitude of risky and protective behaviors associated with road traffic injuries in capitals participating in the Life in Traffic Project of Brazil. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275537. [PMID: 36260555 PMCID: PMC9581410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil occupies the fifth position in the ranking of the highest mortality rates due to RTI in the world. With the objective of promoting traffic safety and consequently reducing deaths, Brazil created the Life in Traffic Project (LTP). The main goal of LTP is reducing 50% of RTI deaths, by promoting interventions to tackle risk factors, such as driving under the influence of alcohol and excessive and/or inappropriate speed. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of risky and protective factors for RTI in capitals participating in the LTP in Brazil. We estimated these factors according to sociodemographic (age group, sex, education, race and, type of road user). METHODS A total of 5,922 car drivers and motorcyclists from 14 Brazilian capitals participating in the LTP were interviewed. Data collection was carried out in sobriety checkpoints at night and consisted of the administration of an interview and a breathalyzer test. Risky and protective behaviors associated with RTI were investigated. Covariates of the study were: age, sex, education, race and, type of road user. Poisson multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables of interest. RESULTS The prevalence of individuals with positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 6.3% and who reported driving after drinking alcohol in the last 30 days was 9.1%. The others risky behaviors reported were: driving at excessive speed on roads of 50 km/h, using a cell phone for calls while driving, using a cell phone to send or read calls while driving, running a red light. Use of seatbelts and helmets showed prevalence above 96,0% Use of seatbelts showed prevalence of 98.6% among car drivers, and helmet use was described by 96.6% of motorcycle drivers. Most risky behaviors were more prevalent in younger age groups (except BAC measurement higher in older participants), in males (except for cell phone use), in participants with higher education level and without a driver's license. CONCLUSION Excessive speed and driving under the influence of alcohol, defined as priorities within the LTP, need more consistent interventions, as they still have considerable prevalence in the cities investigated. The factors described such as cell phone usage and passing red traffic lights should also need to be prioritized as a focus on promoting traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silvério Bazílio
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - José Ignacio Nazif-Munoz
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Claude Ouimet
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Asma Mamri
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
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Dunn RA, Tefft NW, Romano E. The prevalence and excess mortality risk of driving with children. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 82:176-183. [PMID: 36031245 PMCID: PMC9424739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of passengers can affect the driving behavior of motor-vehicle operators. Child passengers present unique motivations to drive more safely, as well as opportunities to distract drivers. Because motor-vehicle crashes are an important cause of premature childhood mortality, this study assesses whether adult drivers with child passengers are more or less likely to cause a fatal crash. METHOD Data include fatal crashes involving one or two vehicles from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. Fatality Analysis Reporting System. We apply methods developed by Levitt and Porter (2001) and Dunn and Tefft (2020) -the LPDT approach- to estimate the risk that adult drivers (21 years or older) with at least one child passenger (15 year or younger) cause a fatal crash relative to adults without child passengers. RESULTS Childhood crash exposure when traveling with an adult driver is low: 0.78% of vehicle miles traveled by adults included a child passenger. Nevertheless, adult drivers with child passengers were significantly more likely to cause a fatal crash than adult drivers without child passengers. The estimated risk of causing a single-vehicle crash was 6.2 times higher among the full sample of adults, 7.2 times higher among female drivers, and 5.0 times higher among drivers 25-44 years old. CONCLUSIONS Despite their relatively low crash exposure, child passengers are associated with much greater risk of causing a fatal crash. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study not only informs about the need to develop interventions to remind parents and adult drivers of the risks associated with driving children, but also reminds researchers about the enormous potential of the LPDT approach when applied to traffic safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Dunn
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Connecticut, United States
| | - Nathan W Tefft
- Nathan Tefft Worked on This Project Prior to Joining Amazon.com While a Faculty Member at Bates College, United States
| | - Eduardo Romano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Beltsville, MD, United States.
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Shigeev SV, Morozov YE, Osipov AA, Storozhenko EV. [Forensic medical characteristics of fatal injuries in a traffic accident in the car cabin]. Sud Med Ekspert 2022; 65:26-29. [PMID: 36196836 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20226505126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study objective is to identify the most common fatal injuries in car accidents and observe the trends of the proportion of deaths at the scene, in an ambulance, and a hospital. We analyzed all forensic examination reports (protocols) of those who died in the car due to a traffic accident in Moscow from 2018 to 2020. Male drivers died 15 times more often than female drivers, and male passengers died twice as often as females. Most of the victims were young and middle-aged. Both drivers and passengers most commonly had traumatic brain injury with fractures of the bones of the vault and base of the skull, intracranial hemorrhages, crushing, and dislocation of the damaged brain. At the scene of traffic accidents, the cause of death was fatal bodily injuries. An increased risk of fatal traffic accidents was identified in autumn and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Shigeev
- Bureau of Forensic Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu E Morozov
- Bureau of Forensic Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Osipov
- Bureau of Forensic Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Storozhenko
- Bureau of Forensic Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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Greene KM, Hedstrom AM, Murphy ST. Driving/riding after alcohol and marijuana use among young adults: Is residing with family protective? TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2019; 20:679-684. [PMID: 31408379 PMCID: PMC6827710 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1641597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Driving while impaired by alcohol or drugs increases the risk of motor vehicle fatalities, the leading cause of death among young adults. The current study documented the prevalence of driving after alcohol and marijuana use in the past 2 weeks as well as the prevalence of riding with a driver who had used each substance during that time frame. We tested whether young adults who lived with family members (i.e., their parents or their children) were less likely to engage in these behaviors. Methods: Participants aged 18-25 who resided in nonmetropolitan areas in the United States (N = 1,131; 55% female, Mage = 22.6) completed an online survey. Multivariate logistic regressions examined alcohol- and marijuana-related driving and riding behaviors adjusting for demographic factors. Interactions tested whether associations varied by gender. Results: In the 2 weeks prior to the survey, 17% of participants drove after drinking alcohol and 21% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking. The prevalence of driving after marijuana use was 11%, and 16% of the sample had ridden with a driver who had been using marijuana. Participants who lived with their parents were less likely to ride with a driver who had been using alcohol or marijuana (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] = 0.71 and 0.55, respectively). Living with parents was also associated negatively with driving after both substances, but these associations were no longer significant when controlling for substance use frequency and driving frequency. Surprisingly, the odds of driving after marijuana use were over 2 times larger for young adults who lived with their children. For women, but not men, residing with children decreased the odds of driving and riding after alcohol use. Conclusions: Living with parents protects against riding after substance use among young adults. Prevention programs should target young adults who live independently or those transitioning away from the parental home. Furthermore, given the higher rates of driving after marijuana use among young adult parents, this group should be educated about the risks associated with this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin M. Greene
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Montana State University; Bozeman MT
| | - Amanda M. Hedstrom
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Montana State University; Bozeman MT
| | - Samuel T. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH
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