1
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Hao XL, Cao B, Dai D, Wu FG, Yu ZW. Cholesterol Protects the Liquid-Ordered Phase of Raft Model Membranes from the Destructive Effect of Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7386-7391. [PMID: 35925657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), although being a class of promising green solvents, have received many reports on the toxicity to living organisms. In this work, aiming at elucidating the disruptive effect of ILs to cell membrane lipid rafts, we investigated the effect of three 1-octylimidazolium-based ILs on the properties of the liquid ordered phase (Lo, a commonly used lipid raft model) of egg sphingomyelin (SM)-cholesterol model membrane. We found that, in the absence of cholesterol, a very low IL:SM molar ratio of 0.01:1 could disrupt the integrity of the bilayer structure. In sharp contrast, the presence of cholesterol in lipid bilayers helps the Lo phase resist the damaging effect of the ILs. For the role of the IL headgroup, we found that the mono- and trisubstituted species show a stronger destructive effect on the structures of the model rafts than the commonly used disubstituted counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bobo Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Dong Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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2
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Inimitable Impacts of Ceramides on Lipid Rafts Formed in Artificial and Natural Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080727. [PMID: 35893445 PMCID: PMC9330320 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is the simplest precursor of sphingolipids and is involved in a variety of biological functions ranging from apoptosis to the immune responses. Although ceramide is a minor constituent of plasma membranes, it drastically increases upon cellular stimulation. However, the mechanistic link between ceramide generation and signal transduction remains unknown. To address this issue, the effect of ceramide on phospholipid membranes has been examined in numerous studies. One of the most remarkable findings of these studies is that ceramide induces the coalescence of membrane domains termed lipid rafts. Thus, it has been hypothesised that ceramide exerts its biological activity through the structural alteration of lipid rafts. In the present article, we first discuss the characteristic hydrogen bond functionality of ceramides. Then, we showed the impact of ceramide on the structures of artificial and cell membranes, including the coalescence of the pre-existing lipid raft into a large patch called a signal platform. Moreover, we proposed a possible structure of the signal platform, in which sphingomyelin/cholesterol-rich and sphingomyelin/ceramide-rich domains coexist. This structure is considered to be beneficial because membrane proteins and their inhibitors are separately compartmentalised in those domains. Considering the fact that ceramide/cholesterol content regulates the miscibility of those two domains in model membranes, the association and dissociation of membrane proteins and their inhibitors might be controlled by the contents of ceramide and cholesterol in the signal platform.
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3
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Murata M, Matsumori N, Kinoshita M, London E. Molecular substructure of the liquid-ordered phase formed by sphingomyelin and cholesterol: sphingomyelin clusters forming nano-subdomains are a characteristic feature. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:655-678. [PMID: 35791389 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a model of lipid rafts, the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase formed by sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Cho) in bilayer membranes has long attracted the attention of biophysics researchers. New approaches and methodologies have led to a better understanding of the molecular basis of the Lo domain structure. This review summarizes studies on model membrane systems consisting of SM/unsaturated phospholipid/Cho implying that the Lo phase contains SM-based nanodomains (or nano-subdomains). Some of the Lo phase properties may be attributed to these nanodomains. Several studies suggest that the nanodomains contain clustered SM molecules packed densely to form gel-phase-like subdomains of single-digit nanometer size at physiological temperatures. Cho and unsaturated lipids located in the Lo phase are likely to be concentrated at the boundaries between the subdomains. These subdomains are not readily detected in the Lo phase formed by saturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules, suggesting that they are strongly stabilized by homophilic interactions specific to SM, e.g., between SM amide groups. This model for the Lo phase is supported by experiments using dihydro-SM, which is thought to have stronger homophilic interactions than SM, as well as by studies using the enantiomer of SM having opposite stereochemistry to SM at the 2 and 3 positions and by some molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of lipid bilayers containing Lo-lipids. Nanosized gel subdomains seem to play an important role in controlling membrane organization and function in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan.,ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215 USA
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4
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Tai P, Golding M, Singh H, Everett D. The bovine milk fat globule membrane – Liquid ordered domain formation and anticholesteremic effects during digestion. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2015773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tai
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Matt Golding
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - David Everett
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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5
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Cholesterol-phospholipid interactions resist the detergent effect of bovine bile. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111842. [PMID: 34022699 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol complexation gives rise to detergent-resistant liquid-ordered domains. The persistence of these domains and subsequent mixed micelle formation was examined in the presence of bile under physiological digestive in vitro conditions for vesicles comprising either SM/cholesterol, porcine brain phosphatidylcholine (BPC)/cholesterol, or soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC)/cholesterol bilayers, the latter two systems having no liquid-ordered domains. Micellization of these digested phospholipid multilamellar vesicle systems was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Bovine bile was found to consist of large multilamellar sheets which subsumed phospholipid vesicles to form aggregated superstructures. Budding off from these superstructures were vesicle-to-micelle transition intermediates: unilamellar vesicles and cylindrical micelles. The presence of cholesterol (60/40 phospholipid/cholesterol mol/mol) delayed the initial rapid onset of digestion, but not for BPC and SPC vesicle systems. Acyl chain order/disorder before and after vesicle-to-micelle transition of all three phospholipid/cholesterol systems was examined using Raman spectroscopy. The addition of bovine bile to both PC/cholesterol vesicle systems reduced the overall ratio of acyl chain disorder to order. In SM/cholesterol vesicles with ≤ 20% mol cholesterol, only the lateral inter-acyl chain packing was reduced, whereas for SM/cholesterol vesicles with ≥ 30% mol cholesterol, a higher proportion of gauche-to-trans isomerization was apparent, demonstrating that SM/cholesterol complexes modify the acyl chain structure of micelles.
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6
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Coppens E, Desmaële D, Mougin J, Tusseau-Nenez S, Couvreur P, Mura S. Gemcitabine Lipid Prodrugs: The Key Role of the Lipid Moiety on the Self-Assembly into Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:782-793. [PMID: 33797231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A small library of amphiphilic prodrugs has been synthesized by conjugation of gemcitabine (Gem) (a hydrophilic nucleoside analogue) to a series of lipid moieties and investigated for their capacity to spontaneously self-assemble into nanosized objects by simple nanoprecipitation. Four of these conjugates formed stable nanoparticles (NPs), while with the others, immediate aggregation occurred, whatever the tested experimental conditions. Whether such capacity could have been predicted based on the prodrug physicochemical features was a matter of question. Among various parameters, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value seemed to hold a predictive character. Indeed, we identified a threshold value which well correlated with the tendency (or not) of the synthesized prodrugs to form stable nanoparticles. Such a hypothesis was further confirmed by broadening the analysis to Gem and other nucleoside prodrugs already described in the literature. We also observed that, in the case of Gem prodrugs, the lipid moiety affected not only the colloidal properties but also the in vitro anticancer efficacy of the resulting nanoparticles. Overall, this study provides a useful demonstration of the predictive potential of the HLB value for lipid prodrug NP formulation and highlights the need of their opportune in vitro screening, as optimal drug loading does not always translate in an efficient biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Coppens
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 cedex Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Didier Desmaële
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 cedex Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julie Mougin
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 cedex Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sandrine Tusseau-Nenez
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 cedex Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Simona Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 cedex Châtenay-Malabry, France
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7
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Kamal M, Moshiri H, Magomedova L, Han D, Nguyen KCQ, Yeo M, Knox J, Bagg R, Won AM, Szlapa K, Yip CM, Cummins CL, Hall DH, Roy PJ. The marginal cells of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx scavenge cholesterol and other hydrophobic small molecules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3938. [PMID: 31477732 PMCID: PMC6718421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a bacterivore filter feeder. Through the contraction of the worm’s pharynx, a bacterial suspension is sucked into the pharynx’s lumen. Excess liquid is then shunted out of the buccal cavity through ancillary channels made by surrounding marginal cells. We find that many worm-bioactive small molecules (a.k.a. wactives) accumulate inside of the marginal cells as crystals or globular spheres. Through screens for mutants that resist the lethality associated with one crystallizing wactive we identify a presumptive sphingomyelin-synthesis pathway that is necessary for crystal and sphere accumulation. We find that expression of sphingomyelin synthase 5 (SMS-5) in the marginal cells is not only sufficient for wactive accumulation but is also important for absorbing exogenous cholesterol, without which C. elegans cannot develop. We conclude that sphingomyelin-rich marginal cells act as a sink to scavenge important nutrients from filtered liquid that might otherwise be shunted back into the environment. The C. elegans nematode worm is a filter-feeder and requires dietary sources of cholesterol. Here, the authors show that the C. elegans pharynx works as a filter to scavenge hydrophobic small molecules from its surrounding liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntasir Kamal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Houtan Moshiri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Lilia Magomedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Duhyun Han
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ken C Q Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - May Yeo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jessica Knox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Rachel Bagg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Amy M Won
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Karolina Szlapa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - David H Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Peter J Roy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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8
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Paloncýová M, Ameloot M, Knippenberg S. Orientational distribution of DPH in lipid membranes: a comparison of molecular dynamics calculations and experimental time-resolved anisotropy experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7594-7604. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07754a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of the fluorescent probe diphenylhexatriene (DPH) in different lipid phases is investigated. The rotational autocorrelation functions are calculated in order to model the time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decay. The role of the order parameters is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Paloncýová
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Stefan Knippenberg
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
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9
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Yasuda T, Slotte JP, Murata M. Nanosized Phase Segregation of Sphingomyelin and Dihydrosphigomyelin in Unsaturated Phosphatidylcholine Binary Membranes without Cholesterol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13426-13437. [PMID: 30350701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we applied fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 2H NMR to elucidate the properties of nanoscopic segregated domains in stearoylsphingomyelin (SSM)/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dihydrostearoylsphingomyelin (dhSSM)/DOPC binary membranes. The results obtained from fluorescence measurements suggest the existence of gel-like domains with high fluidity in both SSM and dhSSM macroscopic gel phases. The DSC thermograms showed that DOPC destabilizes SM-rich gel-like domains to a much lesser extent compared to the same amount of cholesterol. It was also found that a stable lateral segregation occurs without cholesterol, indicating that SSM itself undergoes homophilic interactions to form small gel-like domains. 2H NMR experiments disclosed differences in the temperature-dependent ordering of SSM/DOPC and dhSSM/DOPC bilayers; the dhSSM membrane showed less miscibility with the DOPC fluid phase, higher thermal stability, and tighter packing. In addition, the NMR results suggest the formation of mid-sized gel-like aggregates consisting of dhSSM. These differences could be accounted for by homophilic interactions, as previously reported ( Yasuda Biophys. J. 2016 , 110 , 431 - 440 ). In the absence of cholesterol, the moderately strong sphingomyelin (SM)/SM affinity results in the formation of small gel-like domains, whereas a stronger dhSSM/dhSSM affinity leads to larger gel-like domains. Considering the similar physicochemical features of SSM and dhSSM, the present results suggest that the formation of nanosized domains of SM is better characterized by homophilic interactions than by SM-cholesterol interplay. These effects are considered important to the ordered domain formation of SMs in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A , Turku FIN-20520 , Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A , Turku FIN-20520 , Finland
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
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10
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Cebecauer M, Amaro M, Jurkiewicz P, Sarmento MJ, Šachl R, Cwiklik L, Hof M. Membrane Lipid Nanodomains. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11259-11297. [PMID: 30362705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid membranes can spontaneously organize their components into domains of different sizes and properties. The organization of membrane lipids into nanodomains might potentially play a role in vital functions of cells and organisms. Model membranes represent attractive systems to study lipid nanodomains, which cannot be directly addressed in living cells with the currently available methods. This review summarizes the knowledge on lipid nanodomains in model membranes and exposes how their specific character contrasts with large-scale phase separation. The overview on lipid nanodomains in membranes composed of diverse lipids (e.g., zwitterionic and anionic glycerophospholipids, ceramides, glycosphingolipids) and cholesterol aims to evidence the impact of chemical, electrostatic, and geometric properties of lipids on nanodomain formation. Furthermore, the effects of curvature, asymmetry, and ions on membrane nanodomains are shown to be highly relevant aspects that may also modulate lipid nanodomains in cellular membranes. Potential mechanisms responsible for the formation and dynamics of nanodomains are discussed with support from available theories and computational studies. A brief description of current fluorescence techniques and analytical tools that enabled progress in lipid nanodomain studies is also included. Further directions are proposed to successfully extend this research to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cebecauer
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Maria João Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
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11
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Yano Y, Hanashima S, Yasuda T, Tsuchikawa H, Matsumori N, Kinoshita M, Al Sazzad MA, Slotte JP, Murata M. Sphingomyelin Stereoisomers Reveal That Homophilic Interactions Cause Nanodomain Formation. Biophys J 2018; 115:1530-1540. [PMID: 30274830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin is an abundant lipid in some cellular membrane domains, such as lipid rafts. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions of the lipid with surrounding components such as neighboring sphingomyelin and cholesterol (Cho) are widely considered to stabilize the raft-like liquid-ordered (Lo) domains in membrane bilayers. However, details of their interactions responsible for the formation of Lo domains remain largely unknown. In this study, the enantiomer of stearoyl sphingomyelin (ent-SSM) was prepared, and its physicochemical properties were compared with the natural SSM and the diastereomer of SSM to examine possible stereoselective lipid-lipid interactions. Interestingly, differential scanning calorimetry experiments demonstrated that palmitoyl sphingomyelin, with natural stereochemistry, exhibited higher miscibility with SSM bilayers than with ent-SSM bilayers, indicating that the homophilic sphingomyelin interactions occurred in a stereoselective manner. Solid-state 2H NMR revealed that Cho elicited its ordering effect very similarly on SSM and ent-SSM (and even on the diastereomer of SSM), suggesting that SSM-Cho interactions are not significantly affected by stereospecific hydrogen bonding. SSM and ent-SSM formed gel-like domains with very similar lateral packing in SSM/Cho/palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine membranes, as shown by fluorescence lifetime experiments. This observation can be explained by a homophilic hydrogen-bond network, which was largely responsible for the formation of gel-like nanodomains of SSMs (or ent-SSM). Our previous study revealed that Cho-poor gel-like domains contributed significantly to the formation of an Lo phase in sphingomyelin/Cho membranes. The results of the study presented here further show that SSM-SSM interactions occur near the headgroup region, whereas hydrophobic SSM-Cho interactions appeared important in the bilayer interior for Lo domain formation. The homophilic interactions of sphingomyelins could be mainly responsible for the formation of the domains of nanometer size, which may correspond to the small sphingomyelin/Cho-based rafts that temporally occur in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Yano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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12
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Thermotropic phase behavior of milk sphingomyelin and role of cholesterol in the formation of the liquid ordered phase examined using SR-XRD and DSC. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 215:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Almeida C, De Wreede A, Lamazière A, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Cholesterol-pyrene as a probe for cholesterol distribution on ordered and disordered membranes: Determination of spectral wavelengths. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201373. [PMID: 30096186 PMCID: PMC6086420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes contain a large variety of lipids species compartmentalized in different domains heterogeneous in size, composition and dynamics. Cholesterol induces membrane ordered domains thanks to its affinity for saturated lipids. Membrane domains had been studied with fluorescent probes either linked to phospholipids and proteins or as individual fluorophore. However, no efficient formulation of a cholesterol probe has been available so far. Herein, we described a cholesterol-pyrene probe behaviour in heterogeneous membranes. We characterised the pyrene fluorescence spectra in liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) membranes. Using statistical multivariate analysis, we found out the most appropriate wavelengths for membrane domains studies. 373 nm and 379 nm were the most discriminant wavelengths to follow the liquid-ordered and the liquid-disordered environments. Cholesterol clustering behaviour was quantified by the modulation of the cholesterol-pyrene excimers peak (474 nm). In liquid-ordered membranes at low temperature, cholesterol-pyrene was found as multimers and as monomers. At high temperature, the liquid-ordered status of the membrane decreases and cholesterol-pyrene tends to cluster. In liquid-disordered membranes, cholesterol-pyrene was present mostly as monomers and the small quantity of excimers increased with temperature. Cholesterol-pyrene was used to test the ceramide effect on membranes, and presented a behaviour in agreement with the cholesterol behaviour reported in the literature. Overall, the presented data show that cholesterol-pyrene is an efficient sensor to study liquid ordered and liquid disordered organisation in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Almeida
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, INSERM, APHP,Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Anaëlle De Wreede
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, INSERM, APHP,Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, INSERM, APHP,Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Jesus Ayala-Sanmartin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, INSERM, APHP,Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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14
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Engberg O, Yasuda T, Hautala V, Matsumori N, Nyholm TKM, Murata M, Slotte JP. Lipid Interactions and Organization in Complex Bilayer Membranes. Biophys J 2016; 110:1563-1573. [PMID: 27074681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilayer lipids influence the lateral structure of the membranes, but the relationship between lipid properties and the lateral structure formed is not always understood. Model membrane studies on bilayers containing cholesterol and various phospholipids (PLs) suggest that high and low temperature melting PLs may segregate, especially in the presence of cholesterol. The effect of different PL headgroups on lateral structure of bilayers is also not clear. Here, we have examined the formation of lateral heterogeneity in increasingly complex (up to five-component) multilamellar bilayers. We have used time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy with domain-selective fluorescent probes (PL-conjugated trans-parinaric acid), and (2)H NMR spectroscopy with site or perdeuterated PLs. We have measured changes in bilayer order using such domain-selective probes both as a function of temperature and composition. Our results from time-resolved fluorescence and (2)H NMR showed that in ternary bilayers, acyl chain order and thermostability in sphingomyelin-rich domains were not affected to any greater extent by the headgroup structure of the monounsaturated PLs (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylserine) in the bilayer. In the complex five-component bilayers, we could not detect major differences between the different monounsaturated PLs regarding cholesterol-induced ordering. However, cholesterol clearly influenced deuterated N-palmitoyl sphingomyelin differently than the other deuterated PLs, suggesting that cholesterol favored N-palmitoyl sphingomyelin over the other PLs. Taken together, both the fluorescence spectroscopy and (2)H NMR data suggest that the complex five-component membranes displayed lateral heterogeneity, at least in the lower temperature regimen examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Engberg
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Victor Hautala
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thomas K M Nyholm
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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15
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Hepatitis C virus p7 mediates membrane-to-membrane adhesion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1096-1101. [PMID: 27320856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viroporin p7 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) acts as an ion channel for pH equilibration to stabilize HCV particles; most studies of p7 have focused on this role. However, pH equilibration by p7 via its ion channel activity does not fully explain the importance of p7 in HCV particle production. Indeed, several researchers have suggested p7 to have an unidentified ion channel-independent function. Here, we show that p7 has a novel role as a lipid raft adhesion factor, which is independent of its ion channel activity. We found that p7 targets not only the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase, but also the negatively-charged liquid-ordered (Lo) phase that can be represented as a lipid raft. p7 clusters at the phase boundary of the neutral Ld phase and the negatively-charged Lo phase. Interestingly, p7 targeting the Lo phase facilitates membrane-to-membrane adhesion, and this activity is not inhibited by p7 ion channel inhibitors. Our results demonstrated that HCV p7 has dual roles as a viroporin and as a lipid raft adhesion factor. This ion channel-independent function of p7 might be an attractive target for development of anti-HCV compounds.
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16
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Wacklin HP, Bremec BB, Moulin M, Rojko N, Haertlein M, Forsyth T, Anderluh G, Norton RS. Neutron reflection study of the interaction of the eukaryotic pore-forming actinoporin equinatoxin II with lipid membranes reveals intermediate states in pore formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:640-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Yasuda T, Matsumori N, Tsuchikawa H, Lönnfors M, Nyholm TKM, Slotte JP, Murata M. Formation of Gel-like Nanodomains in Cholesterol-Containing Sphingomyelin or Phosphatidylcholine Binary Membrane As Examined by Fluorescence Lifetimes and (2)H NMR Spectra. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13783-13792. [PMID: 26639840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured the time-resolved fluorescence of trans-parinaric acid (tPA), steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene (DPH), and (2)H NMR of 10,10-d2-stearoyl lipids in stearoyl sphingomyelin with cholesterol (SSM/Chol) and l-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with Chol (PSPC/Chol) binary membranes. The results suggest that the membrane order obtained from the fluorescence experiments shows a similar temperature dependency as those of the (2)H NMR data. More importantly, the time-resolved fluorescence data implied the presence of at least two types of domains, cholesterol-poor gel-like domains (CPGLD) and cholesterol-enriched liquid-ordered (Lo) domains. These domains appear on a nano-to-micro second time scale for both SSM-Chol and PSPC-Chol membranes. The relative size of the gel-like domain was also estimated from the temperature-dependent lifetime measurements and (2)H NMR spectral changes. The results imply that the size of the gel-like domains is very small, probably on the nanometer scale, and smaller in SSM-Chol membrane than those in PSPC-Chol bilayers, which could account for the higher thermal stability of SM-Chol membranes. The present study demonstrates that gel-like nanodomains occur in SM-Chol binary membrane even with Chol content of over 33 mol %, which has been thought to consist exclusively of Lo phase, implying that not only Lo domains but also gel-like nanodomains are important for formation of lipid-ordered phase in SM-Chol and PC-Chol membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Max Lönnfors
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas K M Nyholm
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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18
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Carravilla P, Nieva JL, Goñi FM, Requejo-Isidro J, Huarte N. Two-photon Laurdan studies of the ternary lipid mixture DOPC:SM:cholesterol reveal a single liquid phase at sphingomyelin:cholesterol ratios lower than 1. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2808-2817. [PMID: 25658036 DOI: 10.1021/la504251u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ternary lipid mixture DOPC:eggSM:cholesterol in excess water has been studied in the form of giant unilamellar vesicles using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Previous publications based on single-photon fluorescence microscopy had reported heterogeneous phase behavior (phase coexistence) in the region of the triangular phase diagram corresponding to SM:cholesterol molar ratios <1. We have examined this region by two-photon microscopy of Laurdan-labeled mixtures and have found that, under our conditions, only a single liquid phase exists. We have shown that macroscopic phase separation in the above region can be artifactually induced by one-photon excitation of the fluorescent probes and ensuing photooxidation and is prevented using two-photon excitation. The main effect of increasing the concentration of cholesterol in mixtures containing 30 mol % SM was to increase the rigidity of the disordered domains. Increasing the concentration of SM in mixtures containing 20 mol % cholesterol gradually augmented the rigidity of the ordered domains, while the disordered domains reached minimal order at a SM:cholesterol 2.25:1 molar ratio, which then increased again. Moreover, the detailed measurement of Laurdan generalized polarization across the whole phase diagram allowed the representation, for both the single- and two-phase regions, of the gradual variation of membrane lateral packing along the diagram, which we found to be governed largely by SM:cholesterol interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carravilla
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48490 Leioa, Spain
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19
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Georgieva R, Chachaty C, Hazarosova R, Tessier C, Nuss P, Momchilova A, Staneva G. Docosahexaenoic acid promotes micron scale liquid-ordered domains. A comparison study of docosahexaenoic versus oleic acid containing phosphatidylcholine in raft-like mixtures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1424-35. [PMID: 25767038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the functional role of the lipid diversity in biological membranes is a major challenge. Lipid models have been developed to address this issue by using lipid mixtures generating liquid-ordered (Lo)/liquid-disordered (Ld) immiscibility. The present study examined mixtures comprising Egg sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (chol) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) either containing docosahexaenoic (PDPC) or oleic acid (POPC). The mixtures were examined in terms of their capability to induce phase separation at the micron- and nano-scales. Fluorescence microscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and calorimetry methods were used to analyze the lateral organization of the mixtures. Fluorescence microscopy of giant vesicles could show that the temperature of the micron-scale Lo/Ld miscibility is higher for PDPC than for POPC ternary mixtures. At 37°C, no micron-scale Lo/Ld phase separation could be identified in the POPC containing mixtures while it was evident for PDPC. In contrast, a phase separation was distinguished for both PC mixtures by ESR and XRD, indicative that PDPC and POPC mixtures differed in micron vs nano domain organization. Compared to POPC, the higher line tension of the Lo domains observed in PDPC mixtures is assumed to result from the higher difference in Lo/Ld order parameter rather than hydrophobic mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Chachaty
- Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, INSERM U893, CHU St. Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Hazarosova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Tessier
- UMR 7203, INSERM ERL 1057 - Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - P Nuss
- UMR 7203, INSERM ERL 1057 - Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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20
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Mazeres S, Joly E, Lopez A, Tardin C. Characterization of M-laurdan, a versatile probe to explore order in lipid membranes. F1000Res 2014; 3:172. [PMID: 25485094 PMCID: PMC4243762 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4805.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microdomains corresponding to localized partition of lipids between ordered and less ordered environments are the subject of intensive investigations, because of their putative participation in modulating cellular responses. One popular approach in the field consists in labelling membranes with solvatochromic fluorescent probes such as laurdan and C-laurdan. In this report, we describe a high-yield procedure for the synthesis of laurdan, C-laurdan and two new fluorophores, called MoC-laurdan and M-laurdan, as well as their extensive photophysical characterization. We find that the latter probe, M-laurdan, is particularly suited to discriminate lipid phases independently of the chemical nature of the lipids, as measured by both fluorescence Generalized Polarization (GP) and anisotropy in large unilamellar vesicles made of various lipid compositions. In addition, staining of live cells with M-laurdan shows a good stability over time without any apparent toxicity, as well as a wider distribution in the various cell compartments than the other probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mazeres
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Etienne Joly
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Andre Lopez
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Catherine Tardin
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
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21
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Fritzsching KJ, Kim J, Holland GP. Probing lipid–cholesterol interactions in DOPC/eSM/Chol and DOPC/DPPC/Chol model lipid rafts with DSC and 13C solid-state NMR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1889-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Quinn PJ. Structure of sphingomyelin bilayers and complexes with cholesterol forming membrane rafts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:9447-9456. [PMID: 23863113 DOI: 10.1021/la4018129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin and cholesterol are of interest to biologists because they interact to form condensed structures said to be responsible for a variety of functions that membranes perform. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction methods have been used to investigate the structure of bilayers of D-erythro palmitoyl-sphingomyelin and complexes formed by palmitoyl- and egg-sphingomyelin with cholesterol in aqueous multibilayer dispersions. D-erythro palmitoyl sphingomyelin bilayers exist in two conformers that are distinguished by their lamellar repeat spacing, bilayer thickness, and polar group hydration. The distinction is attributed to hydrogen bonding to water or to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that are disrupted by the formation of ripple structure. The coexisting bilayer structures of pure palmitoyl sphingomyelin are observed in the presence of cholesterol-rich bilayers that are characterized by different bilayer parameters. The presence of cholesterol preferentially affects the conformer of D-erythro sphingomyelin with thicker, more hydrated bilayers. Coexisting bilayers of sphingomyelin and complexes with cholesterol are in register and remain coupled at temperatures at least up to 50 °C. Cholesterol forms a complex of 1.8 mols of sphingomyelin per cholesterol at 37 °C that coexists with bilayers of pure sphingomyelin up to 50 °C. Redistribution of the two lipids takes place on cooling below the fluid- to gel-phase transition temperature, resulting in the withdrawal of sphingomyelin into gel phase and the formation of coexisting bilayers of equimolar proportions of the two lipids. Cholesterol-rich bilayers fit a stripe model at temperatures less than 37 °C characterized by alternating rows of sphingomyelin and cholesterol molecules. A quasicrystalline array models the arrangement at higher temperatures in which each cholesterol molecule is surrounded by seven hydrocarbon chains, each of which is in contact with two cholesterol molecules. The thickness of bilayer complexes of sphingomyelin and cholesterol is less than that of coexisting bilayers of pure sphingomyelin. The implications for protein sorting theories based on bilayer thickness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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23
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Wriessnegger T, Pichler H. Yeast metabolic engineering – Targeting sterol metabolism and terpenoid formation. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:277-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Peter Slotte J. Molecular properties of various structurally defined sphingomyelins -- correlation of structure with function. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:206-19. [PMID: 23295259 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins are important phospholipids in plasma membranes of most cells. Because of their dominantly saturated nature, they affect the lateral structure of membranes, and contribute to the regulation of cholesterol distribution within membranes, and in cells. However, the abundance of molecular species present in cells also implies that sphingomyelins have other, more specific functions. Many of these functions are currently unknown, but are under extensive study. Mostly model membrane studies have shown that sphingomyelins (and other sphingolipids), in contrast to glycerophospholipids, have important hydrogen bonding properties which in several important ways confer specific functional properties to this abundant class of membrane phospholipids. The often very asymmetric nature of sphingomyelins, arising from mismatch in length between the long chain base and N-acyl chains, also impose specific properties (e.g., interdigitation) to sphingomyelins not seen with glycerophospholipids. In this review, the latest sphingomyelin literature will be scrutinized, and an effort will be made to correlate the molecular structure of sphingomyelin with functional properties. In particular, the effects of head group properties, interfacial hydrogen bonding, long chain base hydroxylation, N-acyl chain hydroxylation, and N-acyl chain methyl-branching will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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25
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Vijayaraghavalu S, Peetla C, Lu S, Labhasetwar V. Epigenetic modulation of the biophysical properties of drug-resistant cell lipids to restore drug transport and endocytic functions. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2730-42. [PMID: 22817326 DOI: 10.1021/mp300281t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In our recent studies exploring the biophysical characteristics of resistant cell lipids, and the role they play in drug transport, we demonstrated the difference of drug-resistant breast cancer cells from drug-sensitive cells in lipid composition and biophysical properties, suggesting that cancer cells acquire a drug-resistant phenotype through the alteration of lipid synthesis to inhibit intracellular drug transport to protect from cytotoxic effect. In cancer cells, epigenetic changes (e.g., DNA hypermethylation) are essential to maintain this drug-resistant phenotype. Thus, altered lipid synthesis may be linked to epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance. We hypothesize that reversing DNA hypermethylation in resistant cells with an epigenetic drug could alter lipid synthesis, changing the cell membrane's biophysical properties to facilitate drug delivery to overcome drug resistance. Herein we show that treating drug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR) with the epigenetic drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) significantly alters cell lipid composition and biophysical properties, causing the resistant cells to acquire biophysical characteristics similar to those of sensitive cell (MCF-7) lipids. Following decitabine treatment, resistant cells demonstrated increased sphingomyelinase activity, resulting in a decreased sphingomyelin level that influenced lipid domain structures, increased membrane fluidity, and reduced P-glycoprotein expression. Changes in the biophysical characteristics of resistant cell lipids facilitated doxorubicin transport and restored endocytic function for drug delivery with a lipid-encapsulated form of doxorubicin, enhancing the drug efficacy. In conclusion, we have established a new mechanism for efficacy of an epigenetic drug, mediated through changes in lipid composition and biophysical properties, in reversing cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Vijayaraghavalu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
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26
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Prades J, Funari SS, Gomez-Florit M, Vögler O, Barceló F. Effect of a 2-hydroxylated fatty acid on Cholesterol-rich membrane domains. Mol Membr Biol 2012; 29:333-43. [DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2012.705023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Mori K, Mahmood MI, Neya S, Matsuzaki K, Hoshino T. Formation of GM1 ganglioside clusters on the lipid membrane containing sphingomyeline and cholesterol. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5111-21. [PMID: 22494278 DOI: 10.1021/jp207881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
GM1 gangliosides form a microdomain with sphingomyeline (SM) and cholesterol (Chol) and are deeply involved in the aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides on neural membranes. We performed molecular dynamics simulations on two kinds of lipid bilayers containing GM1 ganglioside: GM1/SM/Chol and GM1/POPC. Both 10 and 100 ns simulations and another set of 10 ns simulations with different initial lipid arrangement essentially showed the same computational results. GM1 molecules in the GM1/SM/Chol membrane were condensed, whereas those in GM1/POPC membrane scattered. That is, the formation of GM1 cluster was observed only on the GM1/SM/Chol mixed membrane. There appeared numerous hydrogen bonds among glycan portions of the GM1 clusters due to the condensation. A comparison in distribution of lipid molecules between the two kinds of membranes suggested that cholesterol had important roles to prevent the membrane from interdigitation and to stabilize other lipids for interacting with each other. This property of cholesterol promotes the formation of GM1 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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29
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Cellular uptake and biophysical properties of galactose and/or tryptophan containing cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:448-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Loura LMS, Prieto M. Lateral Membrane Heterogeneity Probed by FRET Spectroscopy and Microscopy. SPRINGER SERIES ON FLUORESCENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/4243_2012_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Quinn PJ. The structure of complexes between phosphatidylethanolamine and glucosylceramide: A matrix for membrane rafts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2894-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Quinn PJ. A synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization of the structure of complexes formed between sphingomyelin and cerebroside. FEBS J 2011; 278:3518-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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33
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Groen D, Gooris GS, Barlow DJ, Lawrence MJ, van Mechelen JB, Demé B, Bouwstra JA. Disposition of ceramide in model lipid membranes determined by neutron diffraction. Biophys J 2011; 100:1481-9. [PMID: 21402030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid matrix present in the uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, plays a crucial role in the skin barrier function. The lipids are organized into two lamellar phases. To gain more insight into the molecular organization of one of these lamellar phases, we performed neutron diffraction studies. In the diffraction pattern, five diffraction orders were observed attributed to a lamellar phase with a repeat distance of 5.4 nm. Using contrast variation, the scattering length density profile could be calculated showing a typical bilayer arrangement. To obtain information on the arrangement of ceramides in the unit cell, a mixture that included a partly deuterated ceramide was also examined. The scattering length density profile of the 5.4-nm phase containing this deuterated ceramide demonstrated a symmetric arrangement of the ceramides with interdigitating acyl chains in the center of the unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Groen
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Drug Delivery Technology, Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Sergelius C, Yamaguchi S, Yamamoto T, Slotte JP, Katsumura S. N-cholesteryl sphingomyelin—A synthetic sphingolipid with unique membrane properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:1054-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Ziblat R, Leiserowitz L, Addadi L. Kristalline Lipiddomänen: Charakterisierung durch Röntgenbeugung und ihre Rolle in der Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Ziblat R, Leiserowitz L, Addadi L. Crystalline lipid domains: characterization by X-ray diffraction and their relation to biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3620-9. [PMID: 21472900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes comprise thousands of different lipids, differing in their alkyl chains, headgroups, and degree of saturation. It is estimated that 5% of the genes in the human genome are responsible for regulating the lipid composition of cell membranes. Conceivably, the functional explanation for this diversity is found, at least in part, in the propensity of lipids to segregate into distinct domains, which are important for cell function. X-ray diffraction has been used increasingly to characterize the packing and phase behavior of lipids in membranes. Crystalline domains have been studied in synthetic membranes using wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Herein we summarize recent results obtained using the various X-ray methods, discuss the correlation between crystalline domains and liquid ordered domains studied with other techniques, and the relevance of crystalline domains to functional lipid domains in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Ziblat
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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37
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Quinn PJ, Wolf C. Egg-Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol Form a Stoichiometric Molecular Complex in Bilayers of Egg-Phosphatidylcholine. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15536-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom, and Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Faculte de Medecine, Paris 75012, France
| | - Claude Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom, and Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Faculte de Medecine, Paris 75012, France
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38
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Isaev NP, Syryamina VN, Dzuba SA. Small-Angle Orientational Motions of Spin-Labeled Lipids in Cholesterol-Containing Bilayers Studied at Low Temperatures by Electron Spin Echo Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9510-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1043927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay P. Isaev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya-3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Pirogova-2, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Victoria N. Syryamina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya-3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Pirogova-2, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Dzuba
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya-3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Pirogova-2, Novosibirsk, Russia
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40
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Ip S, Li JK, Walker GC. Phase segregation of untethered zwitterionic model lipid bilayers observed on mercaptoundecanoic-acid-modified gold by AFM imaging and force mapping. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11060-11070. [PMID: 20387821 DOI: 10.1021/la100605t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Planar supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are often studied as model cell membranes because they are accessible to a variety of surface-analytic techniques. Specifically, recent studies of lipid phase coexistence in model systems suggest that membrane lateral organization is important to a range of cellular functions and diseases. We report the formation of phase-segregated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC)/sphingomyelin/cholesterol bilayers on mercaptoundecanoic-acid-modified (111) gold by spontaneous fusion of unilamellar vesicles, without the use of charged or chemically modified headgroups. The liquid-ordered (l(o)) and liquid-disordered (l(d)) domains are observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) height and phase imaging. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the bilayer were characterized by force-indentation maps. Fits of force indentation to Sneddon mechanics yields average apparent Young's moduli of the l(o) and l(d) phases of 100 +/- 2 and 59.8 +/- 0.9 MPa, respectively. The results were compared to the same lipid membrane system formed on mica with good agreement, though modulus values on mica appeared higher. Semiquantitative comparisons suggest that the mechanical properties of the l(o) phase are dominated by intermolecular van der Waals forces, while those of the fluid l(d) phase, with relatively weak van der Waals forces, are influenced appreciably by differences in surface charge density between the two substrates, which manifests as a difference in apparent Poisson ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shell Ip
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Quinn PJ. A lipid matrix model of membrane raft structure. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:390-406. [PMID: 20478335 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Domains in cell membranes are created by lipid-lipid interactions and are referred to as membrane rafts. Reliable isolation methods have been developed which have shown that rafts from the same membranes have different proteins and can be sub-fractionated by immunoaffinity methods. Analysis of these raft subfractions shows that they are also comprised of different molecular species of lipids. The major lipid classes present are phospholipids, glycosphingolipids and cholesterol. Model studies show that mixtures of phospholipids, particularly sphingomyelin, and cholesterol form liquid-ordered phase with properties intermediate between a gel and fluid phase. This type of liquid-ordered phase dominates theories of domain formation and raft structure in biological membranes. Recently it has been shown that sphingolipids with long (22-26C) N-acyl fatty acids form quasi-crystalline bilayer structures with diacylphospholipids that have well-defined stoichiometries. A two tier heuristic model of membrane raft structure is proposed in which liquid-ordered phase created by a molecular complex between sphingolipids with hydrocarbon chains of approximately equal length and cholesterol acts as a primary staging area for selecting raft proteins. Tailoring of the lipid anchors of raft proteins takes place at this site. Assembly of lipid-anchored proteins on a scaffold of sphingolipids with asymmetric hydrocarbon chains and phospholipids arranged in a quasi-crystalline bilayer structure serves to concentrate and orient the proteins in a manner that couples them functionally within the membrane. Specificity is inherent in the quasi-crystalline lipid structure of liquid-ordered matrices formed by both types of complex into which protein lipid anchors are interpolated. An interaction between the sugar residues of the glycolipids and the raft proteins provides an additional level of specificity that distinguishes one raft from another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Quinn
- Biochemistry Department, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK.
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42
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Staneva G, Chachaty C, Wolf C, Quinn PJ. Comparison of the liquid-ordered bilayer phases containing cholesterol or 7-dehydrocholesterol in modeling Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:1810-22. [PMID: 20147702 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m003467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase behavior of egg sphingomyelin (ESM) mixtures with cholesterol or 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) has been investigated by independent methods: fluorescence microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. In giant vesicles, cholesterol-enriched domains appeared as large and clearly delineated domains assigned to a liquid-ordered (Lo) phase. The domains containing 7-DHC were smaller and had more diffuse boundaries. Separation of a gel phase assigned by X-ray examination to pure sphingomyelin domains coexisting with sterol-enriched domains was observed at temperatures less than 38 degrees C in binary mixtures containing 10-mol% sterol. At higher sterol concentrations, the coexistence of liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases was evidenced in the temperature range 20 degrees -50 degrees C. Calculated electron density profiles indicated the location of 7-DHC was more loosely defined than cholesterol, which is localized precisely at a particular depth along the bilayer normal. ESR spectra of spin-labeled fatty acid partitioned in the liquid-ordered component showed a similar, high degree of order for both sterols in the center of the bilayer, but it was higher in the coexisting disordered phase for 7-DHC. The differences detected in the models of the lipid membrane matrix are said to initiate the deleterious consequences of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galya Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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43
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Temperature-induced structural transition in-situ in porcine lens--changes observed in void size distribution. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:958-65. [PMID: 20122897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The function of mammalian ocular lens is to provide a sharp image to the retina. Accordingly, the lens needs to be transparent and minimize light scattering. To do so the lens fiber cells first loose intracellular organelles, organize the cytoplasm and arrange the fiber cell membranes. Because the fiber cells are metabolically inactive, the plasma membrane becomes the only cellular organelle and consequently, the phase behavior of these membranes determines the physiological state of the lens. Previous studies have shown that lipids extracted from the nuclear and cortical region of human lens show a temperature-induced phase transition close to the body temperature. Yet, the physiological function of this phase transition is not known, and even the presence of the phase transition in intact lenses is unknown. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was used to characterize the sub-nanometer-sized local structure of intact porcine lens and these studies were complemented with differential scanning calorimeter and mass spectrometric analysis in extracted porcine lens lipids. Using PALS, we present evidence for the presence of a temperature-dependent structural transition centered at 35.5 degrees C in-situ in clear extracted porcine lenses. Further studies employing extracted lens lipids and purified egg-yolk sphingomyelin and cholesterol mixtures suggest that the nano-scale transition emerges from the phase behavior of lens lipids. Based on our results, PALS seems to be a viable method for gaining additional information on biological tissues, especially since it enables non-destructive studies on intact tissues.
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Jiao CY, Alves ID, Point V, Lavielle S, Sagan S, Chassaing G. Comparing Lipid Photo-Cross-linking Efficacy of Penetratin Analogues Bearing Three Different Photoprobes: Dithienyl Ketone, Benzophenone, and Trifluoromethylaryldiazirine. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:352-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900466q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Jiao
- UPMC Paris 06 - ENS - CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769 Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case courier 182, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- UPMC Paris 06 - ENS - CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769 Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case courier 182, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Vanessa Point
- UPMC Paris 06 - ENS - CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769 Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case courier 182, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Solange Lavielle
- UPMC Paris 06 - ENS - CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769 Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case courier 182, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- UPMC Paris 06 - ENS - CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769 Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case courier 182, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- UPMC Paris 06 - ENS - CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769 Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case courier 182, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Morris RJ. Ionic control of the metastable inner leaflet of the plasma membrane: Fusions natural and artefactual. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:1665-9. [PMID: 19913542 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipids of the inner and outer leaflets of the plasma membrane face chemically very different environments, and are specialized to serve different needs. While lipids of the outer leaflet are inherently stable in a lamellar (bilayer) phase, the main lipid of the inner layer, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), does not form a lamellar phase unless evenly mixed with phosphatidylserine (PS(-)). This mixture can be readily perturbed by factors that include an influx of Ca(2+) that chelates the negatively charged PS(-), thereby destabilizing PE. The implications of this metastability of the inner leaflet for vesicular trafficking, and experimentally for the isolation of detergent-resistant membrane domains (DRMs) at physiological temperature, are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Morris
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, Guy's Campus, King's College London, UK.
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46
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Quinn PJ. Long N-acyl fatty acids on sphingolipids are responsible for miscibility with phospholipids to form liquid-ordered phase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:2267-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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47
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Tessier C, Staneva G, Trugnan G, Wolf C, Nuss P. Liquid-liquid immiscibility under non-equilibrium conditions in a model membrane: an X-ray synchrotron study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:293-7. [PMID: 19720510 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several non-random lipid mixtures have been proposed as models of lipid plasma membrane, as they mimic the ability of biomembranes to form lateral domains. Biological membranes are characterised by a succession of localised transient steady-state lipid organisations rather than stable equilibria. This suggests that several quasi at-equilibrium lipid organisations may exist at different times in the same local patch of membranes. Identification of the conditions which can mimic heterogeneous dynamic membrane states in a lipid membrane model is a challenge. This is of particular importance as the lateral organisation of lipids mixtures in fully equilibrated samples may differ from the arrangement found in quasi at-equilibrium conditions. To address this issue, we have performed a real-time synchrotron X-ray diffraction study in ternary mixtures of egg-phosphatidylcholine/egg-sphingomyelin and cholesterol using a 0.5 degrees C/15 s step within a 20-50-20 degrees C thermal cycle. In the present study, all ternary mixtures displayed lamellar phase separation. A d-spacing value was observed reversibly during the heating and cooling scan for each of the two coexisting phases. In mixtures with a cholesterol concentration from 20 to 50 mol%, a liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phase separation was observed in the 20-50 degrees C thermal range. These results are discussed in terms of a specific interaction between lipid molecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Tessier
- Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Laboratoire de spectrometrie de masse, APHP, CHU St. Antoine, 27, rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.
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48
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Gao WY, Quinn PJ, Yu ZW. The role of sterol rings and side chain on the structure and phase behaviour of sphingomyelin bilayers. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 25:485-97. [DOI: 10.1080/09687680802388975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Phoeung T, Huber LM, Lafleur M. Cationic detergent/sterol mixtures can form fluid lamellar phases and stable unilamellar vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5778-5784. [PMID: 19253957 DOI: 10.1021/la804222w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent studies, it has been shown that mixtures of palmitic acid (PA), and cholesterol or cholesterol sulfate (Schol), in a PA/sterol molar ratio of 30/70 lead to the formation of liquid-ordered (lo) lamellar phases. The extrusion of these systems gave large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) that displayed a very limited passive permeability, a property associated with their high sterol content. In this study, we showed that the formation of lo-phase bilayers was also possible when mixing a cationic detergent (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC) and sterol in a 30/70 molar ratio. The existence of this phase was established using IR and 2H NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, 2H NMR allowed us to study the orientation and dynamics of CPC and cholesterol in these self-assemblies. The extrusion of the CPC/Schol bilayers leads to the formation of LUVs, and their passive permeability was found to be very limited, making them interesting candidates as nanovectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thida Phoeung
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Systems, Universite de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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50
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Quinn PJ, Wolf C. Hydrocarbon chains dominate coupling and phase coexistence in bilayers of natural phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1126-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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