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Cuozzo F, Viloria K, Shilleh AH, Nasteska D, Frazer-Morris C, Tong J, Jiao Z, Boufersaoui A, Marzullo B, Rosoff DB, Smith HR, Bonner C, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Nano R, Piemonti L, Johnson PRV, Spiers R, Roberts J, Lavery GG, Clark A, Ceresa CDL, Ray DW, Hodson L, Davies AP, Rutter GA, Oshima M, Scharfmann R, Merrins MJ, Akerman I, Tennant DA, Ludwig C, Hodson DJ. LDHB contributes to the regulation of lactate levels and basal insulin secretion in human pancreatic β cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114047. [PMID: 38607916 PMCID: PMC11164428 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Using 13C6 glucose labeling coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 2D 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy, we have obtained a comparative high-resolution map of glucose fate underpinning β cell function. In both mouse and human islets, the contribution of glucose to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is similar. Pyruvate fueling of the TCA cycle is primarily mediated by the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, with lower flux through pyruvate carboxylase. While the conversion of pyruvate to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be detected in islets of both species, lactate accumulation is 6-fold higher in human islets. Human islets express LDH, with low-moderate LDHA expression and β cell-specific LDHB expression. LDHB inhibition amplifies LDHA-dependent lactate generation in mouse and human β cells and increases basal insulin release. Lastly, cis-instrument Mendelian randomization shows that low LDHB expression levels correlate with elevated fasting insulin in humans. Thus, LDHB limits lactate generation in β cells to maintain appropriate insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cuozzo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katrina Viloria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali H Shilleh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Nasteska
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte Frazer-Morris
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason Tong
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zicong Jiao
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Geneplus-Beijing, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Adam Boufersaoui
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bryan Marzullo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah R Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bonner
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institute Pasteur Lille, U1190 -European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institute Pasteur Lille, U1190 -European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F59000 Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institute Pasteur Lille, U1190 -European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F59000 Lille, France
| | - Rita Nano
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Spiers
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Systems Health and Integrated Metabolic Research (SHiMR), Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne Clark
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlo D L Ceresa
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy P Davies
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; CHUM Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masaya Oshima
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ildem Akerman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Lilly AC, Astsaturov I, Golemis EA. Intrapancreatic fat, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:206. [PMID: 37452870 PMCID: PMC10349727 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is typically detected at an advanced stage, and is refractory to most forms of treatment, contributing to poor survival outcomes. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is gradually increasing, linked to an aging population and increasing rates of obesity and pancreatitis, which are risk factors for this cancer. Sources of risk include adipokine signaling from fat cells throughout the body, elevated levels of intrapancreatic intrapancreatic adipocytes (IPAs), inflammatory signals arising from pancreas-infiltrating immune cells and a fibrotic environment induced by recurring cycles of pancreatic obstruction and acinar cell lysis. Once cancers become established, reorganization of pancreatic tissue typically excludes IPAs from the tumor microenvironment, which instead consists of cancer cells embedded in a specialized microenvironment derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). While cancer cell interactions with CAFs and immune cells have been the topic of much investigation, mechanistic studies of the source and function of IPAs in the pre-cancerous niche are much less developed. Intriguingly, an extensive review of studies addressing the accumulation and activity of IPAs in the pancreas reveals that unexpectedly diverse group of factors cause replacement of acinar tissue with IPAs, particularly in the mouse models that are essential tools for research into pancreatic cancer. Genes implicated in regulation of IPA accumulation include KRAS, MYC, TGF-β, periostin, HNF1, and regulators of ductal ciliation and ER stress, among others. These findings emphasize the importance of studying pancreas-damaging factors in the pre-cancerous environment, and have significant implications for the interpretation of data from mouse models for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Lilly
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Molecular & Cell Biology & Genetics (MCBG) Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- The Marvin & Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Pettway YD, Saunders DC, Brissova M. The human α cell in health and disease. J Endocrinol 2023; 258:e220298. [PMID: 37114672 PMCID: PMC10428003 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In commemoration of 100 years since the discovery of glucagon, we review current knowledge about the human α cell. Alpha cells make up 30-40% of human islet endocrine cells and play a major role in regulating whole-body glucose homeostasis, largely through the direct actions of their main secretory product - glucagon - on peripheral organs. Additionally, glucagon and other secretory products of α cells, namely acetylcholine, glutamate, and glucagon-like peptide-1, have been shown to play an indirect role in the modulation of glucose homeostasis through autocrine and paracrine interactions within the islet. Studies of glucagon's role as a counterregulatory hormone have revealed additional important functions of the α cell, including the regulation of multiple aspects of energy metabolism outside that of glucose. At the molecular level, human α cells are defined by the expression of conserved islet-enriched transcription factors and various enriched signature genes, many of which have currently unknown cellular functions. Despite these common threads, notable heterogeneity exists amongst human α cell gene expression and function. Even greater differences are noted at the inter-species level, underscoring the importance of further study of α cell physiology in the human context. Finally, studies on α cell morphology and function in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as other forms of metabolic stress, reveal a key contribution of α cell dysfunction to dysregulated glucose homeostasis in disease pathogenesis, making targeting the α cell an important focus for improving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasminye D. Pettway
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Diane C. Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
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4
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Chung MH, Chien HJ, Peng SJ, Chou YH, Chiang TC, Chang HP, Lee CY, Chen CC, Jeng YM, Tien YW, Tang SC. Multimodal 3-D/2-D human islet and duct imaging in exocrine and endocrine lesion environment: associated pancreas tissue remodeling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E354-E365. [PMID: 35947703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00111.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and islet cell microadenoma are exocrine and endocrine neoplasms of human pancreas that have been linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and neuroendocrine tumor, respectively. However, in health and at the surgical margin of pancreatic cancer, it remains unresolved how to simultaneously characterize duct and islet remodeling to investigate the exocrine-endocrine association in the lesion microenvironment. Here, we develop a new vibratome-based approach to detect, confirm, and analyze the two types of pancreas remodeling via stereo/three-dimensional (3-D) and classic/two-dimensional (2-D) histology. Surgical margins of PDAC (n = 10, distal) and cadaveric donor pancreases (n = 10, consecutive cases) were fixed, sectioned by vibratome (350 µm), and surveyed for PanIN and microadenoma via stereomicroscopy. After lesion detection, PanIN and microadenoma were analyzed with 3-D fluorescence imaging and clinical microtome-based histology for confirmation and assessment of microenvironment. Multimodal imaging of PDAC surgical margins and cadaveric donor pancreases detected the peri-PanIN islet aggregation with duct-islet cell clusters. Organ-wide survey of cadaveric donor pancreases shows a marked 2.3-fold increase in the lesion size with the PanIN-islet association vs. without the association. In the survey, we unexpectedly detected the islet cell microadenoma adjacent to (<2 mm) PanIN. Overall, among the 53 early lesions in the cadaveric donor pancreases (PanINs and microadenomas), 81% are featured with the associated exocrine-endocrine tissue remodeling. Multimodal 3-D/2-D tissue imaging reveals local and simultaneous duct and islet remodeling in the cancer surgical margin and cadaveric donor pancreas. In the cadaveric donor pancreas, the peri-PanIN islet aggregation and PanIN-microadenoma association are two major features of pancreas remodeling in the early lesion microenvironment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We develop a new multimodal 3-D/2-D imaging approach (matched stereomicroscopic, fluorescence, and H&E signals) to examine human duct-islet association in the PDAC surgical margin and cadaveric donor pancreas. In both conditions, peri-PanIN islet aggregation with duct-islet cell clusters was identified. The PanIN-islet cell microadenoma association was unexpectedly detected in the donor pancreas. Our work provides the technical and morphological foundations to simultaneously characterize human islets and ducts to study their association in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital-Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Peng
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chen Chiang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Pi Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chia Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiue-Cheng Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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5
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Cheng Z, Guo D, Ruzi A, Pan T, You K, Chen Y, Huang X, Zhang J, Yang F, Niu L, Xu K, Li YX. Modeling MEN1 with Patient-Origin iPSCs Reveals GLP-1R Mediated Hypersecretion of Insulin. Cells 2022; 11:2387. [PMID: 35954231 PMCID: PMC9368616 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an inherited disease caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene encoding a nuclear protein menin. Among those different endocrine tumors of MEN1, the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are life-threatening and frequently implicated. Since there are uncertainties in genotype and phenotype relationship and there are species differences between humans and mice, it is worth it to replenish the mice model with human cell resources. Here, we tested whether the patient-origin induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines could phenocopy some defects of MEN1. In vitro β-cell differentiation revealed that the percentage of insulin-positive cells and insulin secretion were increased by at least two-fold in MEN1-iPSC derived cells, which was mainly resulted from significantly higher proliferative activities in the pancreatic progenitor stage (Day 7-13). This scenario was paralleled with increased expressions of prohormone convertase1/3 (PC1/3), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GLP-1R, and factors in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signal pathway, and the GLP-1R was mainly expressed in β-like cells. Blockages of either GLP-1R or PI3K significantly reduced the percentages of insulin-positive cells and hypersecretion of insulin in MEN1-derived cells. Furthermore, in transplantation of different stages of MEN1-derived cells into immune-deficient mice, only those β-like cells produced tumors that mimicked the features of the PNETs from the original patient. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first case using patient-origin iPSCs modeling most phenotypes of MEN1, and the results suggested that GLP-1R may be a potential therapeutic target for MEN1-related hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Cheng
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Aynisahan Ruzi
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tingcai Pan
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Kai You
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yan Chen
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xinping Huang
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jiaye Zhang
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Guangzhou Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou 510305, China; (L.N.); (K.X.)
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Guangzhou Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou 510305, China; (L.N.); (K.X.)
| | - Yin-Xiong Li
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (Z.C.); (D.G.); (A.R.); (T.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510000, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
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6
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Tudurí E, Soriano S, Almagro L, Montanya E, Alonso-Magdalena P, Nadal Á, Quesada I. The pancreatic β-cell in ageing: Implications in age-related diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101674. [PMID: 35724861 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) increases with ageing. T2D generally results from progressive impairment of the pancreatic islets to adapt β-cell mass and function in the setting of insulin resistance and increased insulin demand. Several studies have shown an age-related decline in peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, a precise understanding of the pancreatic β-cell response in ageing is still lacking. In this review, we summarize the age-related alterations, adaptations and/or failures of β-cells at the molecular, morphological and functional levels in mouse and human. Age-associated alterations include processes such as β-cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell identity that can influence β-cell mass. Age-related changes also affect β-cell function at distinct steps including electrical activity, Ca2+ signaling and insulin secretion, among others. We will consider the potential impact of these alterations and those mediated by senescence pathways on β-cells and their implications in age-related T2D. Finally, given the great diversity of results in the field of β-cell ageing, we will discuss the sources of this heterogeneity. A better understanding of β-cell biology during ageing, particularly at older ages, will improve our insight into the contribution of β-cells to age-associated T2D and may boost new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Sergi Soriano
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucía Almagro
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Buckels EJ, Bloomfield FH, Oliver MH, Spiroski AM, Harding JE, Jaquiery AL. Sexually dimorphic changes in the endocrine pancreas and skeletal muscle in young adulthood following intra-amniotic IGF-I treatment of growth-restricted fetal sheep. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E530-E542. [PMID: 34459219 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00111.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with decreased insulin secretory capacity and decreased insulin sensitivity in muscle in adulthood. We investigated whether intra-amniotic IGF-I treatment in late gestation mitigated the adverse effects of FGR on the endocrine pancreas and skeletal muscle at 18 mo of age. Singleton-bearing ewes underwent uterine artery embolization between 103 and 107 days of gestational age, followed by 5 once-weekly intra-amniotic injections of 360-µg IGF-I (FGRI) or saline (FGRS) and were compared with an unmanipulated control group (CON). We measured offspring pancreatic endocrine cell mass and pancreatic and skeletal muscle mRNA expression at 18 mo of age (n = 7-9/sex/group). Total α-cell mass was increased ∼225% in FGRI males versus CON and FGRS males, whereas β-cell mass was not different between groups of either sex. Pancreatic mitochondria-related mRNA expression was increased in FGRS females versus CON (NRF1, MTATP6, UCP2), and FGRS males versus CON (TFAM, NRF1, UCP2) but was largely unchanged in FGRI males versus CON. In skeletal muscle, mitochondria-related mRNA expression was decreased in FGRS females versus CON (PPARGC1A, TFAM, NRF1, UCP2, MTATP6), FGRS males versus CON (NRF1 and UCP2), and FGRI females versus CON (TFAM and UCP2), with only MTATP6 expression decreased in FGRI males versus CON. Although the window during which IGF-I treatment was delivered was limited to the final 5 wk of gestation, IGF-I therapy of FGR altered the endocrine pancreas and skeletal muscle in a sex-specific manner in young adulthood.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with compromised metabolic function throughout adulthood. Here, we explored the long-term effects of fetal IGF-I therapy on the adult pancreas and skeletal muscle. This is the first study demonstrating that IGF-I therapy of FGR has sex-specific long-term effects at both the tissue and molecular level on metabolically active tissues in adult sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Buckels
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Mark H Oliver
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jane E Harding
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne L Jaquiery
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet-including its structure, cell composition, development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key discoveries about human islets over the past century, we describe new research approaches and technologies that are being used to study human islets and how these are providing insight into human islet physiology and pathophysiology. We also describe changes or adaptations in human islets in response to physiologic challenges such as pregnancy, aging, and insulin resistance and discuss islet changes in human diabetes of many forms. We outline current and future interventions being developed to protect, restore, or replace human islets. The review also highlights unresolved questions about human islets and proposes areas where additional research on human islets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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9
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Insulitis and lymphoid structures in the islets of Langerhans of a 66-year-old patient with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:1209-1214. [PMID: 32833039 PMCID: PMC8203531 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Insulitis is a characteristic inflammatory lesion consisting of immune cell infiltrates around and within the pancreatic islets of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). The infiltration is typically mild, both in terms of the number of infiltrating cells and the number of islets affected. Here, we present an unusual histopathological case study of a 66-year-old female patient with long-standing T1D, insulitis, and islet-associated lymphoid tissue. Most islets in the head of the pancreas of this patient were insulin-deficient, whereas the islets in the tail appeared normal. Insulitis was present in 0.84% of the insulin-containing islets and three islets had large lymphocytic infiltrates resembling tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Of note, this is the first description of potential TLS in the endocrine pancreas of a patient with T1D. Their association with a marked residual beta cell mass is of interest and may hint at new insights into disease progression and regulation of autoimmunity.
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10
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Gilon P. The Role of α-Cells in Islet Function and Glucose Homeostasis in Health and Type 2 Diabetes. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1367-1394. [PMID: 31954131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic α-cells are the major source of glucagon, a hormone that counteracts the hypoglycemic action of insulin and strongly contributes to the correction of acute hypoglycemia. The mechanisms by which glucose controls glucagon secretion are hotly debated, and it is still unclear to what extent this control results from a direct action of glucose on α-cells or is indirectly mediated by β- and/or δ-cells. Besides its hyperglycemic action, glucagon has many other effects, in particular on lipid and amino acid metabolism. Counterintuitively, glucagon seems also required for an optimal insulin secretion in response to glucose by acting on its cognate receptor and, even more importantly, on GLP-1 receptors. Patients with diabetes mellitus display two main alterations of glucagon secretion: a relative hyperglucagonemia that aggravates hyperglycemia, and an impaired glucagon response to hypoglycemia. Under metabolic stress states, such as diabetes, pancreatic α-cells also secrete GLP-1, a glucose-lowering hormone, whereas the gut can produce glucagon. The contribution of extrapancreatic glucagon to the abnormal glucose homeostasis is unclear. Here, I review the possible mechanisms of control of glucagon secretion and the role of α-cells on islet function in healthy state. I discuss the possible causes of the abnormal glucagonemia in diabetes, with particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes, and I briefly comment the current antidiabetic therapies affecting α-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gilon
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 55 (B1.55.06), Brussels, B-1200, Belgium.
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