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Zhou J, Zhang C, Mao W, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Han R, Peng Y, Pan G, Fang Y. Development of TSHR-CAR NK-92 Cells for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024:112251. [PMID: 38670219 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the predominant type of thyroid cancer, with some patients experiencing relapse, distant metastases, or refractoriness, revealing limited treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified Natural Killer (NK) cells are revolutionary therapeutic agents effective against various resistant cancers. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) expression in DTC provides a unique tumor-specific target for CAR therapy. Here, we developed an innovative strategy for treating DTC using modified NK-92 cells armed with a TSHR-targeted CAR. The modified cells showed enhanced cytotoxicity against TSHR-positive DTC cell lines and exhibited elevated degranulation and cytokine release. After undergoing irradiation, the cells effectively halted their proliferative capacity while maintaining potent targeted killing ability. Transfer of these irradiation-treated cells into NSG mice with DTC tumors resulted in profound tumor suppression. NK-92 cells modified with TSHR-CAR offer a promising, off-the-shelf option for advancing DTC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, LiShui Central Hospital, the Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang province, China.
| | - Weibo Mao
- Department of Pathology, LiShui Central Hospital, the Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yiling Zhu
- Department of Pathology, LiShui Central Hospital, the Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, LiShui Central Hospital, the Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ruozhen Han
- Radiotherapy center, WenZhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - You Peng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Gang Pan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Gimblet GR, Whitt J, Houson HA, Lin D, Guenter R, Rao TC, Wang D, Ness J, Gonzalez ML, Murphy MS, Gillis A, Chen H, Copland JA, Kenderian SS, Lloyd RV, Szkudlinski MW, Lapi SE, Jaskula-Sztul R. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) as a target for imaging differentiated thyroid cancer. Surgery 2024; 175:199-206. [PMID: 37919223 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the half a million cases of thyroid cancer diagnosed annually, 95% are differentiated thyroid cancers. Although clinical guidelines recommend surgical resection followed by radioactive iodine ablation, loss of sodium-iodine symporter expression causes up to 20% of differentiated thyroid cancers to become radioactive iodine refractory. For patients with radioactive iodine refractory disease, there is an urgent need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We evaluated the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor as a potential target for imaging of differentiated thyroid cancer. METHODS We immunostained tissue microarrays containing 52 Hurthle cell carcinomas to confirm thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor expression. We radiolabeled chelator deferoxamine conjugated to recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone analog superagonist TR1402 with 89Zr (t1/2 = 78.4 h, β+ =22.7%) to produce [89Zr]Zr-TR1402. We performed in vitro uptake assays in high-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and low-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor-expressing THJ529T and FTC133 thyroid cancer cell lines. We performed in vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography and biodistribution studies in male athymic nude mice bearing thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor-positive THJ529T tumors. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed 62% of patients (27 primary and 5 recurrent) were thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor membranous immunostain positive. In vitro uptake of 1nM [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 was 38 ± 17% bound/mg in thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor-positive THJ529T thyroid cancer cell lines compared to 3.2 ± 0.5 in the low-expressing cell line (P < .01), with a similar difference seen in FTC133 cell lines (P < .0001). In vivo and biodistribution studies showed uptake of [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 in thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor-expressing tumors, with a mean percentage of injected dose/g of 1.9 ± 0.4 at 3 days post-injection. CONCLUSION Our observation of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor expression in tissue microarrays and [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 accumulation in thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor-positive thyroid cancer cells and tumors suggests thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is a promising target for imaging of differentiated thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson R Gimblet
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Diana Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. https://twitter.com/rachaelguenter
| | - Tejeshwar C Rao
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John Ness
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Madisen S Murphy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Andrea Gillis
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. https://twitter.com/herbchen
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. https://twitter.com/lapisuzanne
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Komatsuda H, Kono M, Wakisaka R, Sato R, Inoue T, Kumai T, Takahara M. Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:45. [PMID: 38250858 PMCID: PMC10820966 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased over the past 30 years. Although differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a good prognosis in most patients undergoing total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy (RAI), 5-10% of patients develop metastasis. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a low survival rate and few effective treatments have been available to date. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been successfully applied to RAI-resistant or non-responsive TC to suppress the disease. However, TC eventually develops resistance to TKIs. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for TC, the majority of which is considered an immune-hot malignancy. Immune suppression by TC cells and immune-suppressing cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells, is complex and dynamic. Negative immune checkpoints, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) suppress antitumor T cells. Basic and translational advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), molecule-targeted therapy, tumor-specific immunotherapy, and their combinations have enabled us to overcome immune suppression and activate antitumor immune cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the immune microenvironment, immunosuppression, immunological targets, and immunotherapy for TC and highlights the potential efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Komatsuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Michihisa Kono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Risa Wakisaka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
- Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
- Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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Cheng X, Zhang H, Guan S, Zhao Q, Shan Y. Receptor modulators associated with the hypothalamus -pituitary-thyroid axis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1291856. [PMID: 38111381 PMCID: PMC10725963 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1291856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis maintains normal metabolic balance and homeostasis in the human body through positive and negative feedback regulation. Its main regulatory mode is the secretion of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid hormones (TH), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). By binding to their corresponding receptors, they are involved in the development and progression of several systemic diseases, including digestive, cardiovascular, and central nervous system diseases. The HPT axis-related receptors include thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR). Recently, research on regulators has become popular in the field of biology. Several HPT axis-related receptor modulators have been used for clinical treatment. This study reviews the developments and recent findings on HPT axis-related receptor modulators. This will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilisation of new modulators of the HPT axis receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Changchun Gangheng Electronics Company Limited, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Guan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Gillis A, Zheng-Pywell R, McLeod C, Wang D, Ness JM, Guenter R, Whitt J, Prolla TA, Chen H, Gonzalez ML, Rose B, Lloyd RV, Jaskula-Sztul R, Lin D. Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression in Oncocytic Thyroid Neoplasms: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100332. [PMID: 37716507 PMCID: PMC10843045 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) display variable expression in primary thyroid tumors and have been implicated as theranostic targets. This study was designed to explore the differential expression of SSTR2 and TSHR in oncocytic (Hurthle cell) carcinoma (OC) vs oncocytic adenoma (OA). We performed a retrospective review for oncocytic neoplasms treated at our institution from 2012 to 2019. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were used for tissue microarray construction. Tissue microarray blocks were cut into 5-μm sections and stained with anti-SSTR2 and anti-TSHR antibodies. Immunostains were analyzed by 3 independent pathologists. χ2 and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze clinical and pathologic variables. Sixty-seven specimens were analyzed with 15 OA and 52 OC. The mean age was 57 years, 61.2% were women, and 70% were White. SSTR2 positivity was noted in 2 OA (13%) and 15 OC (28%; 10 primary, 4 recurrent, and 1 metastatic) (P = .22). TSHR positivity was noted in 11 OA (73%) and 32 OC (62%; 31 primary and 1 metastatic) (P = .40). Those who presented with or developed clinical recurrence/metastasis were more likely to be SSTR2-positive (50% vs 21%; P = .04) and TSHR-negative (64.3% vs 28.9%; P = .02) than primary OC patients. Widely invasive OC was more likely to be SSTR2-positive compared to all other OC subtypes (minimally invasive and angioinvasive) (P = .003). For all patients with OC, TSHR positivity was inversely correlated with SSTR2 positivity (odds ratio, 0.12; CI, 0.03-0.43; P = .006). This relationship was not seen in the patients with OA (odds ratio, 0.30; CI, 0.01-9.14; P = .440). Our results show that recurrent/metastatic OC was more likely to be SSTR2-positive and TSHR-negative than primary OC. Patients with OC displayed a significant inverse relationship between SSTR2 and TSHR expression that was not seen in patients with OA. This may be a key relationship that can be used to prognosticate and treat OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gillis
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui Zheng-Pywell
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chandler McLeod
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John M Ness
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tomas A Prolla
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Manuel Lora Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconin
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Diana Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Al-Hakami HA, Altayyeb JF, Alsharif SM, Alshareef MA, Awad BI, Al-Garni M. Preoperative Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels and Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Post-thyroidectomy Patients for Thyroid Nodules: A Study From a Tertiary Hospital in Western Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e47622. [PMID: 38022328 PMCID: PMC10667624 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is one of the basic investigations to assess thyroid nodules, its role in thyroid oncogenesis remains unclear. Previous literature has conflicting findings regarding TSH levels and the prediction of malignancy. This study aims to investigate the association between TSH levels and the risk of malignancy and advanced staging in patients who underwent thyroidectomy for nodular thyroid disease. Additionally, it aims to assess if higher TSH correlates with malignancy in Bethesda staging III, IV, and V. Methodology This retrospective cohort study was conducted among participants who underwent near-total/total thyroidectomy or hemithyroidectomy at King Abdulaziz Medical City between 2016 and 2021. Results A total of 378 cases were included, and 50.3% of the cases had malignant nodules in the surgical histopathology findings. The median TSH levels were higher in malignant nodules compared to benign ones (1.64 mIU/L versus 1.49 mIU/L; p < 0.001). Additionally, higher TSH levels were not associated with advanced staging or malignancy in patients with Bethesda stage III-V. Conclusions Higher TSH levels are associated with an increased risk of malignancy in patients with nodular thyroid disease. Using TSH levels as an adjunctive tool for identifying high-risk patients with thyroid nodules would aid in management planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Afandi Al-Hakami
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Jamelah F Altayyeb
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Salwan M Alsharif
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammad A Alshareef
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Baraa I Awad
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed Al-Garni
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
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Shuai JH, Leng ZF, Wang P, Ji YC. Correlation analysis of serum thyroglobulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and thyroid-cancer risk in thyroid nodule surgery. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:6407-6414. [PMID: 37900235 PMCID: PMC10600984 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i27.6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroglobulin (Tg) is one of the markers of thyroid cancer, and its concentration may be elevated in patients with malignant thyroid tumors. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland, which has a significant impact on thyroid gland function. Excessively high or low TSH levels may be associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Thus, in-depth studies on the association of serum Tg and TSH levels with thyroid cancer risk in patients with thyroid nodules are warranted. This can help determine whether Tg and TSH levels can predict the degree of malignancy of thyroid nodules, which can in turn guide doctors in making accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions. Furthermore, such studies can provide more accurate diagnostic methods for thyroid nodules and help patients become aware of the presence of thyroid cancer as early as possible, thereby improving the success rate of treatment and prognosis. AIM To investigate the association of serum Tg and TSH levels with the risk of thyroid cancer in patients undergoing thyroid nodule surgery. METHODS The clinical data and laboratory examination results of 130 patients who underwent thyroid nodule surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Furthermore, their preoperative serum Tg and TSH levels were recorded. Histopathological examination conducted during follow-up revealed the presence of thyroid cancer. Correlation analysis were used to analyze the association of Tg and TSH levels with the risk of thyroid cancer. RESULTS Of the 130 patients, 60 were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between serum Tg levels and the risk of thyroid cancer (P < 0.05). This suggests that high serum Tg levels are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. However, no significant correlation was observed between serum TSH levels and the risk of thyroid cancer (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION In patients who underwent thyroid nodule surgery, serum Tg levels exhibited a significant correlation with the risk of thyroid cancer but serum TSH levels did not. These findings suggest that serum Tg can serve as an important biomarker for assessing the risk of thyroid cancer in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hao Shuai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan 620000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhao-Fang Leng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan 620000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan 620000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Chi Ji
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan 620000, Sichuan Province, China
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Salimi F, Asadikaram G, Ashrafi MR, Zeynali Nejad H, Abolhassani M, Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Sanjari M. Organochlorine pesticides and epigenetic alterations in thyroid tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130794. [PMID: 37560303 PMCID: PMC10409498 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cancer incidence depends on various factors e.g., pesticide exposures which cause epigenetic alterations. The present research aimed to investigate the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) impacts on promoter methylation of three tumor-suppressor genes and four histone modifications in thyroid nodules in 61 Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and 70 benign thyroid nodules (BTN) patients. Methods OCPs were measured by Gas chromatography. To identify promoter methylation of TSHR, ATM, and P16 genes, the nested-methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was utilized, and histone lysine acetylation (H3K9, H4K16, and H3K18) and lysine methylation (H4K20) were detected by performing western blot analysis. Results Further TSHR methylation and less P16 methylation were observed in PTC than in BTN. No substantial difference was detected for ATM methylation between PTC and BTN groups. Also, OCP dramatically increased the odds ratio of TSHR (OR=3.98, P=0.001) and P16 (OR=5.65, P<0.001) methylation while confounding variables reduced the chances of ATM methylation arising from 2,4-DDE and 4,4-DDT influence. Hypomethylation of H4K20 and hypo-acetylation of H3K9, H4K16, and H3K18 (P<0.001) were observed in PTC samples than BTN. Furthermore, OCPs substantially decreased the odds ratio of H3K9 (OR=3.68, P<0.001) and H4K16 (OR=6.03, P<0.001) acetylation. Conclusion The current research indicated that OCPs could contribute to PTC progression by TSHR promoter hypermethylation and decreased acetylation of H3K9 and H4K16. In addition, in PTC patients, assessing TSHR promoter methylation and acetylation of H3K9 and H4K16 could have predictive values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzieh Salimi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashrafi
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Zeynali Nejad
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Yang X, Wu Y, Xu S, Li H, Peng C, Cui X, Dhoomun DK, Wang G, Xu T, Dong M, Li X, Du Y. Targeting the inward rectifier potassium channel 5.1 in thyroid cancer: artificial intelligence-facilitated molecular docking for drug discovery. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:113. [PMID: 37208644 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent and metastatic thyroid cancer is more invasive and can transform to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer, thus leading to a severe decline in the 10-year survival. The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) plays an important role in differentiation process. We aim to find a therapeutic target in redifferentiation strategies for thyroid cancer. METHODS Our study integrated the differentially expressed genes acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database by comparing TSHR expression levels in the Cancer Genome Atlas database. We conducted functional enrichment analysis and verified the expression of these genes by RT-PCR in 68 pairs of thyroid tumor and paratumor tissues. Artificial intelligence-enabled virtual screening was combined with the VirtualFlow platform for deep docking. RESULTS We identified five genes (KCNJ16, SLC26A4, TG, TPO, and SYT1) as potential cancer treatment targets. TSHR and KCNJ16 were downregulated in the thyroid tumor tissues, compared with paired normal tissues. In addition, KCNJ16 was lower in the vascular/capsular invasion group. Enrichment analyses revealed that KCNJ16 may play a significant role in cell growth and differentiation. The inward rectifier potassium channel 5.1 (Kir5.1, encoded by KCNJ16) emerged as an interesting target in thyroid cancer. Artificial intelligence-facilitated molecular docking identified Z2087256678_2, Z2211139111_1, Z2211139111_2, and PV-000592319198_1 (-7.3 kcal/mol) as the most potent commercially available molecular targeting Kir5.1. CONCLUSION This study may provide greater insights into the differentiation features associated with TSHR expression in thyroid cancer, and Kir5.1 may be a potential therapeutic target in the redifferentiation strategies for recurrent and metastatic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanning Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Peng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Deenraj Kush Dhoomun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology research center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglu Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaying Du
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Liu Y, Wang J, Hu X, Pan Z, Xu T, Xu J, Jiang L, Huang P, Zhang Y, Ge M. Radioiodine therapy in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer: Resistance and overcoming strategy. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100939. [PMID: 36806005 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine tumor and its incidence is fast-growing worldwide in recent years. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common pathological subtype which is typically curable with surgery and Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy (approximately 85%). Radioactive iodine is the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC). However, 60% of patients with aggressive metastasis DTC developed resistance to RAI treatment and had a poor overall prognosis. The molecular mechanisms of RAI resistance include gene mutation and fusion, failure to transport RAI into the DTC cells, and interference with the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is unclear whether the above are the main drivers of the inability of patients with DTC to benefit from iodine therapy. With the development of new biological technologies, strategies that bolster RAI function include TKI-targeted therapy, DTC cell redifferentiation, and improved drug delivery via extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged. Despite some promising data and early success, overall survival was not prolonged in the majority of patients, and the disease continued to progress. It is still necessary to understand the genetic landscape and signaling pathways leading to iodine resistance and enhance the effectiveness and safety of the RAI sensitization approach. This review will summarize the mechanisms of RAI resistance, predictive biomarkers of RAI resistance, and the current RAI sensitization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liehao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Fan Y, Xiong Y, Wang X, Chen J, Fang D, Huang J, Yuan G. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-encapsulated iodine-131 nanoparticles fabricated with rhTSH induce apoptosis and immobilization of thyroid cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1030105. [PMID: 36776316 PMCID: PMC9911809 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aggressive thyroid carcinoma (ATC) usually loses radioiodine avidity to iodine-131 (131I) due to the downregulation of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). The expression of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is more persistent than NIS and the administration of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) promotes de novo NIS synthesis. Hence, exploring methods integrating 131I with rhTSH might be a feasible therapeutic strategy for selective delivery of 131I into thyroid cancer to fortify the effect of radioiodine ablation. Methods The 131I, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and rhTSH were used to synthesize of the 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles. The characteristics of the 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles was determined using a light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), autoradiography and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The diameter of the 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles was measured with a Mastersizer 3000, and the encapsulation efficiency (EF) of 131I in 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles and the radioactivity of a single nanoparticle were determined. Then, the mouse tumor xenograft model was established, and the biodistribution and effect of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles on apoptosis of thyroid cance cells were investigated in vivo. Thereafter, the role of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles in cell viability using cell counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles in reducing cell viability was assessed using immunostaining, boyden invasion assays and phalloidin staining. Results Our results showed that the method of developing nanoparticles-encapsulated 131I using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and modified with rhTSH (131I-PLGA-rhTSH), was a feasible avenue for the integration of 131I and rhTSH. Meanwhile, the encapsulation efficiency (EF) of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles was approximately 60%, and the radioactivity of a single nanoparticle was about 1.1×10-2 Bq. Meanwhile, the 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles were selectively delivered into, gradually enriched and slowly downregulated in xenograft tumor after the administration of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles through tail vein in mouse tumor xenograft model. Thereafter, the tumor weight was significantly reduced after the administration of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles. Subsequently, the application of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles facilitated apoptosis and attenuated immobilization via inhibiting F-actin assembling of FTC-133 cells. Conclusion The present study develops a suitable approach integrating 131I and rhTSH, and this strategy is a feasible regimen enhancing the effect of radioiodine ablation for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzeng Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalan Xiong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danzhou Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gengbiao Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Gengbiao Yuan,
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12
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Wang Z, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Fu R, Wang Y, Zhang Q. The associations between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of thyroid cancer: An overall and dose-response meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:992566. [PMID: 36568112 PMCID: PMC9768331 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.992566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the endocrine system. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is known as being a risk factor for TC, but other thyroid-related hormones are inconsistently associated with TC. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the relationships between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of TC. Methods This study utilized searches of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library up to the date of March 31st, 2022. Additionally, we performed a systematic review of related original studies combining overall and dose-response meta-analyses. Results A total of 30, 5 and 7 articles were included in the meta-analyses of TSH, Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and TC risk with 58437, 6813 and 7118 participants respectively. An increased risk of TC was associated with high TSH exposure (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.19-1.37, P < 0.001) in the overall meta-analysis. For every 1 mU/L increase in TSH, the risk of TC increased by 16%. However, in those studies that used healthy subjects as controls, the association was not statistically significant(P=0.62). Additionally, high serum FT3 demonstrated a reduced risk of TC, with a combined OR of 0.86 in the fixed-effect model (95% CI: 0.81-0.90, P < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant increase in TC risk was found when FT4 concentrations reached a certain threshold (approximately 2.2 ng/dL) in the dose-response meta-analysis. Conclusions Significant associations between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of TC were found in this study. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yixian Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yabing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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13
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V Deligiorgi M, T Trafalis D. Refining personalized diagnosis, treatment and exploitation of hypothyroidism related to solid nonthyroid cancer. Per Med 2022; 20:87-105. [DOI: 10.2217/pme-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism in the setting of cancer is a puzzling entity due to the dual role of the thyroid hormones (TH) in cancer – promoting versus inhibitory – and the complexity of the hypothyroidism itself. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the personalized approach to hypothyroidism in patients with solid nonthyroid cancer, focusing on current challenges, unmet needs and future perspectives. Major electronic databases were searched from January 2011 until March 2022. The milestones of the refinement of such a personalized approach are prompt diagnosis, proper TH replacement and development of interventions and/or pharmaceutical agents to exploit hypothyroidism or, on the contrary, TH replacement as an anticancer strategy. Further elucidation of the dual role of TH in cancer – especially of the interference of TH signaling with the hallmarks of cancer – is anticipated to inform decision-making and optimize patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Deligiorgi
- Department of Pharmacology – Clinical Pharmacology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Building 16, 1st Floor, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Department of Pharmacology – Clinical Pharmacology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Building 16, 1st Floor, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
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Dong X, Yang Y, Hou J, Chen W, Yuan Q, Xu G, Liu J, Li C, Wu G. Weighted gene co-expression network reveals driver genes contributing to phenotypes of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and immune checkpoint identification for therapeutic targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1018479. [PMID: 36530988 PMCID: PMC9751455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but extremely malignant tumor, with a rapid growth rate and early metastasis thus leading to poor survival of patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying these aggressive traits of ATC remain unknown, which impedes the substantial progress in treatment to prolong ATC patient survival. Methods We applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify ATC-specific modules. The Metascape web and R package clusterProfiler were employed to perform enrichment analysis. Combined with differentially expressed gene analysis, we screened out the most potential driver genes and validated them using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and triple immunofluorescence staining. Results A gene expression matrix covering 75 normal samples, 83 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 26 follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), 19 poor-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), and 41 ATC tissue samples were integrated, based on which we detected three most potential ATC-specific modules and found that hub genes of these modules were enriched in distinct biological signals. Hub genes in the turquoise module were mainly enriched in mitotic cell cycle, tube morphogenesis, and cell differentiation, hub genes in the magenta module were mainly clustered in the extracellular matrix organization, positive regulation of cell motility, and regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, while hub genes in the blue module primarily participated in the inflammatory response, innate immune response, and adaptive immune response. We showed that 9 top genes, 8 transcription factors (TFs), and 4 immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) were differentially expressed in ATC compared to other thyroid samples and had high diagnostic values for ATC, among which, 9 novel ATC-specific genes (ADAM12, RNASE2, CASP5, KIAA1524, E2F7, MYBL1, SRPX2, HAVCR2, and TDO2) were validated with our clinical samples. Furthermore, we illustrated that ADAM12, RNASE2, and HAVCR2 were predominantly present in the cytoplasm. Conclusion Our study identified a set of novel ATC-specific genes that were mainly related to cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, which might throw light on molecular mechanisms underlying aggressive phenotypes of ATC and provide promisingly diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Nagayama Y, Nishihara E. Thyrotropin receptor antagonists and inverse agonists, and their potential application to thyroid diseases. Endocr J 2022; 69:1285-1293. [PMID: 36171093 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) plays critical roles in thyroid growth and function and in the pathogenesis of several thyroid diseases including Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy, non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Several low-molecular weight compounds (LMWCs) and anti-TSHR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with receptor antagonistic and inverse agonistic activities have been reported. The former binds to the pocket formed by the receptor transmembrane bundle, and the latter to the extracellular TSH binding site. Both are effective inhibitors of TSH/thyroid stimulating antibody-stimulated cAMP and/or hyaluronic acid production in TSHR-expressing cells. Anti-insulin-like growth factor 1 inhibitors are also found to inhibit TSHR signaling. Each agent has advantages and disadvantages; for example, mAbs have a higher affinity and longer half-life but are more costly than LMWCs. At present, mAbs appear most promising, yet the development of more efficacious LMWCs is desirable. These agents are anticipated to be efficacious not only for the above-mentioned diseases but also for resistance to thyroid hormone and have utility for thyroid cancer radionuclide scintigraphy/therapy as a new theranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nagayama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Eijun Nishihara
- Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
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16
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Ding J, Li D, Liu X, Hei H, Sun B, Zhou D, Zhou K, Song Y. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed and refractory thyroid cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:59. [PMID: 36138444 PMCID: PMC9494903 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of most thyroid cancer patients is excellent, but for those with advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer, effective treatments are still lacking. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has gained remarkable achievements in hematologic malignancy but shown limited efficacy in solid tumors. In this report, we showed a relapsed and refractory thyroid cancer patient treated with TSHR + CD19 CAR-T, a combination of two 2nd generation CAR-T molecules targeting both TSHR and CD19. This patient finally achieved partial remission at 3 months and was tolerate well to the regimen. Our study suggested that the CAR-T therapy could be a feasible way in treating relapsed and refractory thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Deyu Li
- The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Hu Hei
- The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Baoxi Sun
- The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Dongmin Zhou
- The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Keshu Zhou
- The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang W. Scoring system and a simple nomogram for predicting radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: a retrospective study. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:45. [PMID: 35904608 PMCID: PMC9338217 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) originates from abnormal follicular cells and accounts for approximately 90–95% of thyroid malignancies. The diagnosis of radioiodine refractory DTC (RR-DTC) is based on clinical evolution and iodine uptake characteristics rather than pathological characteristics. Thus, it takes a long time to become apparent, and the definition of RR-DTC covers multiple aspects. We aimed to analyze the clinical and molecular imaging characteristics of patients with RR-DTC and identify independent predictors to develop an RR-DTC scoring system and a simple nomogram for predicting the probability of RR-DTC. We reviewed the data of 404 patients with metastatic DTC who underwent both post-RAI WB therapy scintigraphy and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Data on the clinical features and molecular characteristics of RR-DTC and non-RR-DTC cases were obtained from medical records. We screened for predictors using univariate analyses, obtained independent predictors through multivariate analyses, and then established a scoring system and a simple nomogram for predicting RR-DTC according to the corresponding odds ratio (OR) values. Results Diagnosis at age ≥ 48 years (OR, 1.037; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007–1.069), recurrence between the operation and iodine-131 treatment (OR, 7.362; 95% CI 2.388–22.698), uptake of 18F-FDG (OR, 39.534; 95% CI 18.590–84.076), and the metastasis site (OR, 4.365; 95% CI 1.593–11.965) were highly independently associated with RR-DTC. We established a scoring system for predicting RR-DTC, showing that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with a cutoff value of 10 points (AUC = 0.898) had a higher discernibility than any other single independent predictor. The risk factors of RR-DTC in nomogram modeling include diagnosis at age ≥ 48 years, recurrence between the operation and iodine-131 treatment, uptake of 18F-FDG, and the site of metastasis. The concordance index (c-Index) of the nomogram was 0.9. Conclusions We demonstrated that a predictive model based on four factors has a good ability to predict RR-DTC. An index score ≥ 10 points was found to be the optimal index point for predicting RR-DTC. Moreover, this nomogram model has good predictive ability and stability. This model may help establish an active surveillance or appropriate treatment strategy for RR-DTC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wanchun Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. .,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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18
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Deligiorgi MV, Trafalis DT. The Clinical Relevance of Hypothyroidism in Patients with Solid Non-Thyroid Cancer: A Tantalizing Conundrum. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123417. [PMID: 35743483 PMCID: PMC9224934 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism in patients with solid non-thyroid cancer is a tantalizing entity, integrating an intriguing thyroid hormones (THs)–cancer association with the complexity of hypothyroidism itself. The present narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical relevance of hypothyroidism in solid non-thyroid cancer. Hypothyroidism in patients with solid non-thyroid cancer is reminiscent of hypothyroidism in the general population, yet also poses distinct challenges due to the dual role of THs in cancer: promoting versus inhibitory. Close collaboration between oncologists and endocrinologists will enable the prompt and personalized diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in patients with solid non-thyroid cancer. Clinical data indicate that hypothyroidism is a predictor of a decreased or increased risk of solid non-thyroid cancer and is a prognostic factor of favorable or unfavorable prognosis in solid non-thyroid cancer. However, the impact of hypothyroidism with respect to the risk and/or prognosis of solid non-thyroid cancer is not a consistent finding. To harness hypothyroidism, or THs replacement, as a personalized anticancer strategy for solid non-thyroid cancer, four prerequisites need to be fulfilled, namely: (i) deciphering the dual THs actions in cancer; (ii) identifying interventions in THs status and developing agents that block tumor-promoting THs actions and/or mimic anticancer THs actions; (iii) appropriate patient selection; and (iv) counteracting current methodological limitations.
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Zhou J, Chen J, Huang Y, Gao X, Zhou C, Meng X, Sun J. Signaling Dynamics of TSHR-Specific CAR-T Cells Revealed by FRET-Based Biosensors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845319. [PMID: 35252208 PMCID: PMC8893275 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most patients with thyroid cancers have good prognosis and long-term survival, some patients are refractory to traditional therapeutic approaches and face a high risk of mortality. CAR-T therapy provides an attractive strategy to treat these patients. Considering the limited expression in thyroid tissues, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) has been considered as a promising candidate as CAR-T target. However, it is still a challenge to find the optimal CAR design for the treatment of thyroid cancers. Dynamic signaling cascade is initiated by CAR molecules during CAR-T cell activation. The development of FRET-based biosensors enables us to detect the signaling dynamics of key kinases during CAR-T cell activation with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here using the ZAP70 and ERK biosensors, we visualized the dynamics of ZAP70 and ERK activities in TSHR-specific CAR-T cells upon antigen stimulation. We first constructed several TSHR-targeting CARs for the treatment of advanced thyroid cancers. The TSHR CAR-T cells with CD28 or 4-1BB co-stimulatory signaling domains exhibited potent cytotoxicity in vitro. By FRET imaging, we observed rapid increase of ZAP70 and ERK activities in TSHR CAR-T cells upon target cell binding. Even though CD28-based CAR-T cells had similar ZAP70 activation dynamics as 4-1BB-based CAR-T cells, they displayed slightly enhanced ERK activation, which may contribute to their faster anti-tumor kinetics in vivo. These results demonstrated the efficacy of TSHR CAR-T cells to treat advanced thyroid cancers. Our study indicated the potential of applying FRET biosensors to optimize the design of CAR for effective CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People’s Hospital of Dongxihu District Wuhan City and Union Dongxihu Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangqing Chen
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Meng
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhui Meng, ; Jie Sun,
| | - Jie Sun
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhui Meng, ; Jie Sun,
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Bolger GB. The cAMP-signaling cancers: Clinically-divergent disorders with a common central pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1024423. [PMID: 36313756 PMCID: PMC9612118 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1024423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-signaling cancers, which are defined by functionally-significant somatic mutations in one or more elements of the cAMP signaling pathway, have an unexpectedly wide range of cell origins, clinical manifestations, and potential therapeutic options. Mutations in at least 9 cAMP signaling pathway genes (TSHR, GPR101, GNAS, PDE8B, PDE11A, PRKARA1, PRKACA, PRKACB, and CREB) have been identified as driver mutations in human cancer. Although all cAMP-signaling pathway cancers are driven by mutation(s) that impinge on a single signaling pathway, the ultimate tumor phenotype reflects interactions between five critical variables: (1) the precise gene(s) that undergo mutation in each specific tumor type; (2) the effects of specific allele(s) in any given gene; (3) mutations in modifier genes (mutational "context"); (4) the tissue-specific expression of various cAMP signaling pathway elements in the tumor stem cell; and (5) and the precise biochemical regulation of the pathway components in tumor cells. These varying oncogenic mechanisms reveal novel and important targets for drug discovery. There is considerable diversity in the "druggability" of cAMP-signaling components, with some elements (GPCRs, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases and kinases) appearing to be prime drug candidates, while other elements (transcription factors, protein-protein interactions) are currently refractory to robust drug-development efforts. Further refinement of the precise driver mutations in individual tumors will be essential for directing priorities in drug discovery efforts that target these mutations.
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National cohort and meteorological data based nested case-control study on the association between air pollution exposure and thyroid cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21562. [PMID: 34732774 PMCID: PMC8566463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of exposure to meteorological conditions, including air pollution, on thyroid cancer. A nested case–control study was conducted utilizing 4632 patients with thyroid cancer and 18,528 control subjects who were matched at a 1:4 ratio by age group, sex, income, and region of residence. Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 were used. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for thyroid cancer correlated with meteorological and air pollution exposure over a moving average of 3 years before the index dates. For all participants, the adjusted ORs associated with relative humidity (1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.03, P value = 0.023), ambient atmospheric pressure (1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, P value < 0.001), and sunshine duration (1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.31, P value = 0.007) indicated correlations with the occurrence of thyroid cancer; however, these results were inconsistent in the subgroup analyses. Overall, exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (1.33, 95% CI 1.24–1.43, P value < 0.001) and particulate matter (PM10) (0.64, 95% CI 0.60–0.69, P value < 0.001) were related to thyroid cancer. These relationships persisted in the subgroup analyses. In conclusion, thyroid cancer occurrence was positively associated with NO2 exposure and negatively associated with PM10 exposure.
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Feng F, Han H, Wu S, Wang H. Crosstalk Between Abnormal TSHR Signaling Activation and PTEN/PI3K in the Dedifferentiation of Thyroid Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718578. [PMID: 34650915 PMCID: PMC8506026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodide uptake and the metabolism of thyroid cells are regulated by thyrotropin (TSH)-TSH receptor (TSHR) signaling. Thus, it is necessary to elevate serum TSH levels by T4 withdraw or rTSH administration to facilitate radioiodide (131I) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, non-iodide-avid metastases of DTC which is dedifferentiated do not respond to stimulation by high levels of TSH, suggesting abnormal TSH-TSHR signal transduction in cancer cells. In addition, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activation has been shown to be associated with the dedifferentiated phenotype of thyroid cancer, but the mechanism remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of abnormal TSH-TSHR signaling activation in regulating iodide uptake and cell mobility in thyroid cancer and its relationship with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. We found that in thyroid cancer cells, TSH binds TSHR coupled to the Gα12/13 protein and then activates RhoA through interacting with leukemia associated RhoA guanine exchange factor (LARG). This results in a promigration tumorigenic phenotype independent of canonical TSHR-GαS signaling that regulates the expression of molecules involved in iodine uptake and metabolism. We observed that signaling pathways downstream of Gα12/13 signaling were increased, while that of Gαs signaling was decreased in thyroid cancer cells undergoing dedifferentiation compared to control cells following stimulation with different levels of TSH. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activation enhanced Gα12/13 signaling through increasing LARG levels but also inhibited the expression of molecules downstream of Gαs signaling, including thyroid-specific molecules, and iodide uptake. In summary, our results demonstrate the noncanonical activation of TSH-TSHR signaling and its role in increasing the cell mobility and dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer through crosstalk with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqin Han
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ryder M, Wentworth M, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Morris JC, Garrity J, Sanders J, Young S, Sanders P, Furmaniak J, Rees Smith B. Blocking the Thyrotropin Receptor with K1-70 in a Patient with Follicular Thyroid Cancer, Graves' Disease, and Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 2021; 31:1597-1602. [PMID: 34114495 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: We report the therapeutic use of K1-70™, a thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) antagonist monoclonal antibody, in a patient with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), Graves' disease (GD), and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods: A 51-year-old female patient, who smoked, presented in October 2014 with FTC complicated by GD, high levels of TSHR autoantibodies with high thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) activity, and severe GO. K1-70 was administered at 3 weekly intervals with the dose adjusted to block TSAb activity. Her cancer was managed with lenvatinib and radioiodine therapy. Results: Following initiation of K1-70 therapy, TSAb activity measured in serum decreased and GO (proptosis and inflammation) improved. On K1-70 monotherapy during the pause in lenvatinib, several metastatic lesions stabilized while others showed progression attenuation compared with that before lenvatinib therapy. Conclusions: These observations suggest that blocking TSHR stimulation with K1-70 can be an effective treatment for GO and may also benefit select patients with FTC and GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Ryder
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark Wentworth
- Office of Research Regulatory Support, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - John C Morris
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James Garrity
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jane Sanders
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Young
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sanders
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Tobias L, Elias-Assad G, Khayat M, Admoni O, Almashanu S, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y. Long-Term Outcome of Patients with TPO Mutations. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3898. [PMID: 34501348 PMCID: PMC8432017 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) deficiency is the most common enzymatic defect causing congenital hypothyroidism (CH). We aimed to characterize the long-term outcome of patients with TPO deficiency. METHODS Clinical and genetic data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS Thirty-three patients with primary CH caused by TPO deficiency were enrolled. The follow-up period was up to 43 years. Over time, 20 patients (61%) developed MNG. Eight patients (24%) underwent thyroidectomy: one of them had minimal invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma. No association was found between elevated lifetime TSH levels and the development of goiter over the years. CONCLUSIONS This cohort represents the largest long-term follow up of patients with TPO deficiency. Our results indicate that elevated TSH alone cannot explain the high rate of goiter occurrence in patients with TPO deficiency, suggesting additional factors in goiter development. The high rate of MNG development and the risk for thyroid carcinoma indicate a need for long-term follow up with annual ultrasound scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leraz Tobias
- Pediatric Department B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel
| | - Ghadir Elias-Assad
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (G.E.-A.); (O.A.); (Y.T.-R.)
- Technion Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Morad Khayat
- Genetic Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel;
| | - Osnat Admoni
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (G.E.-A.); (O.A.); (Y.T.-R.)
| | - Shlomo Almashanu
- The National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel;
| | - Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (G.E.-A.); (O.A.); (Y.T.-R.)
- Technion Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Suteau V, Seegers V, Munier M, Ben Boubaker R, Reyes C, Gentien D, Wery M, Croué A, Illouz F, Hamy A, Rodien P, Briet C. G Protein-coupled Receptors in Radioiodine-refractory Thyroid Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2221-2232. [PMID: 34000025 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancers have poor outcomes and limited therapeutic options (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) due to transient efficacy and toxicity of treatments. Therefore, combinatorial treatments with new therapeutic approaches are needed. Many studies link G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to cancer cell biology. OBJECTIVE To perform a specific atlas of GPCR expression in progressive and refractory thyroid cancer to identify potential targets among GPCRs aiming at drug repositioning. METHODS We analyzed samples from tumor and normal thyroid tissues from 17 patients with refractory thyroid cancer (12 papillary thyroid cancers [PTCs] and 5 follicular thyroid cancers [FTCs]). We assessed GPCR mRNA expression using NanoString technology with a custom panel of 371 GPCRs. The data were compared with public repositories and pharmacological databases to identify eligible drugs. The analysis of prognostic value of genes was also performed with TCGA datasets. RESULTS With our transcriptomic analysis, 4 receptors were found to be downregulated in FTC (VIPR1, ADGRL2/LPHN2, ADGRA3, and ADGRV1). In PTC, 24 receptors were deregulated, 7 of which were also identified by bioinformatics analyses of publicly available datasets on primary thyroid cancers (VIPR1, ADORA1, GPRC5B, P2RY8, GABBR2, CYSLTR2, and LPAR5). Among all the differentially expressed genes, 22 GPCRs are the target of approved drugs and some GPCRs are also associated with prognostic factors. DISCUSSION For the first time, we performed GPCR mRNA expression profiling in progressive and refractory thyroid cancers. These findings provide an opportunity to identify potential therapeutic targets for drug repositioning and precision medicine in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Suteau
- Département d'Endocrinologie-diabétologie nutrition, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Faculty of Health, University of Angers (CHU Angers), Inserm 1083, CNRS 6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Seegers
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Service de Biométrie, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Munier
- Département d'Endocrinologie-diabétologie nutrition, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Faculty of Health, University of Angers (CHU Angers), Inserm 1083, CNRS 6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Endo-ERN centre for rare endocrine diseases, Angers, France
| | - Rym Ben Boubaker
- Faculty of Health, University of Angers (CHU Angers), Inserm 1083, CNRS 6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Cécile Reyes
- Institut Curie, Plateforme Génomique, Paris, France
| | | | - Méline Wery
- Faculty of Health, University of Angers (CHU Angers), SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Anne Croué
- Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Illouz
- Département d'Endocrinologie-diabétologie nutrition, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Endo-ERN centre for rare endocrine diseases, Angers, France
- Centre de compétence TUTHYREF, TUTHYREF Network, Angers, France
| | - Antoine Hamy
- Service de chirurgie viscérale, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrice Rodien
- Département d'Endocrinologie-diabétologie nutrition, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Faculty of Health, University of Angers (CHU Angers), Inserm 1083, CNRS 6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Endo-ERN centre for rare endocrine diseases, Angers, France
- Centre de compétence TUTHYREF, TUTHYREF Network, Angers, France
| | - Claire Briet
- Département d'Endocrinologie-diabétologie nutrition, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Faculty of Health, University of Angers (CHU Angers), Inserm 1083, CNRS 6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Endo-ERN centre for rare endocrine diseases, Angers, France
- Centre de compétence TUTHYREF, TUTHYREF Network, Angers, France
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Ramírez-Moya J, Santisteban P. A Positive Feedback Loop Between DICER1 and Differentiation Transcription Factors Is Important for Thyroid Tumorigenesis. Thyroid 2021; 31:912-921. [PMID: 33176626 PMCID: PMC8215414 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: DICER1 plays a central role in microRNA biogenesis and functions as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer, which is the most frequent endocrine malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence. Thyroid cancer progression is associated with loss of cell differentiation and reduced expression of thyroid differentiation genes and response to thyrotropin (TSH). Here we investigated whether a molecular link exists between DICER1 and thyroid differentiation pathways. Methods: We used bioinformatic tools to search for transcription factor binding sites in the DICER1 promoter. DICER1, NKX2-1, PAX8, and CREB expression levels were evaluated by gene and protein expression in vitro and by interrogation of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) thyroid cancer data. Transcription factor binding and activity were assayed by chromatin immunoprecipitation, band-shift analysis, and promoter-reporter gene activity. Gene-silencing and overexpression approaches were used to elucidate the functional link between DICER1 and differentiation. Results: We identified binding sites for NKX2-1 and CREB within the DICER1 promoter and found that both transcription factors are functional in thyroid cells. TSH induced DICER1 expression in differentiated thyroid cells, at least in part, through the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. TCGA analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between CREB and DICER1 expression in human thyroid tumors. NKX2-1 overexpression increased DICER1 promoter activity and expression in vitro, and this was significantly greater in the presence of CREB and/or PAX8. Gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that DICER1 regulates NKX2-1 expression in thyroid tumor cells and vice versa, thus establishing a positive feedback loop between both proteins. We also found a positive correlation between NKX2-1 and DICER1 expression in human thyroid tumors. DICER1 silencing decreased PAX8 expression and, importantly, the expression and activity of the sodium iodide symporter, which is essential for the diagnostic and therapeutic use of radioiodine in thyroid cancer. Conclusions: The differentiation transcription factors NKX2.1, PAX8, and CREB act in a positive feedback loop with DICER1. As the expression of these transcription factors is markedly diminished in thyroid cancer, our findings suggest that DICER1 downregulation in this cancer is mediated, at least partly, through impairment of its transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ramírez-Moya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Address correspondence to: Pilar Santisteban, PhD, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
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In Vivo Imaging of Thyroid Cancer with 99mTc-TR1401 and 99mTc-TR1402: A Comparison Study in Dogs. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091878. [PMID: 33926024 PMCID: PMC8123688 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cells may lose NIS expression and iodine uptake, but usually express TSH receptors (TSHR). Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare two radiolabeled superagonist TSH analogues for DTC imaging. These analogues (namely TR1401 and TR1402) have a higher TSHR binding affinity than recombinant human TSH (Thyrogen®). Radiolabeling was performed with technetium-99m using an indirect method via HYNIC conjugation and was followed by in vitro quality controls and binding assay on TSHR-positive cell lines (ML-1). An in vitro binding assay was also performed and compared with radiolabeled human recombinant TSH. In vivo imaging was performed in four dogs with spontaneous follicular thyroid carcinoma with solid poorly differentiated areas with 99mTc-TR1401 SPECT/CT, 99mTc-TR1402 SPECT/CT, and [18F]FDG PET/CT on different days within 2 weeks. TR1401 and TR1402 were labeled with high specific activity (8.3 ± 1.2 MBq/µg) and retention of their biological activity and structural integrity. Both agonists were able to efficiently bind TSHR receptors expressed by cell lines with dissociation constants (Kd) of 2.7 nM for 99mTc-TR1401 and 0.5 nM for 99mTc-TR1402 compared with 99mTc-Thyrogen (Kd = 8.4 nM). In tumor-targeting experiments, a focal uptake was observed in dogs with spontaneous intraglandular thyroid carcinoma, in which TSHR expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. 99mTc-TR1402 provided higher T/B than 99mTc-TR1401 and [18F]FDG (12.9 ± 1.3, 10.2 ± 0.7, and 3.8 ± 0.6, respectively; all p < 0.001). Given these results, 99mTc-TR1402 appears to be a useful tool for in vivo imaging of thyroid cancer.
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Oh JM, Ahn BC. Molecular mechanisms of radioactive iodine refractoriness in differentiated thyroid cancer: Impaired sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression owing to altered signaling pathway activity and intracellular localization of NIS. Theranostics 2021; 11:6251-6277. [PMID: 33995657 PMCID: PMC8120202 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advanced, metastatic differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) have a poor prognosis mainly owing to radioactive iodine (RAI) refractoriness caused by decreased expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), diminished targeting of NIS to the cell membrane, or both, thereby decreasing the efficacy of RAI therapy. Genetic aberrations (such as BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC rearrangements) have been reported to be prominently responsible for the onset, progression, and dedifferentiation of DTCs, mainly through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways. Eventually, these alterations result in a lack of NIS and disabling of RAI uptake, leading to the development of resistance to RAI therapy. Over the past decade, promising approaches with various targets have been reported to restore NIS expression and RAI uptake in preclinical studies. In this review, we summarized comprehensive molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation in RAI-refractory DTCs and reviews strategies for restoring RAI avidity by tackling the mechanisms.
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Jin K, Li L, Liu Y, Wang X. The characteristics and risk factors of central compartment lymph node metastasis in cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma coexistent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Gland Surg 2020; 9:2026-2034. [PMID: 33447553 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Currently, there are few studies on the characteristics of lymph node metastasis in the central region in patients with preoperative negative lymph node (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexistent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). There is still a significant controversy on whether to perform prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection for T1/T2 cN0 PTC. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the characteristics and risk factors of central compartment lymph node metastasis in cN0 PTC (T1 or T2 stage) coexists with HT. Methods From Jun. 2015 to Apr. 2019, the clinicopathological data of 354 patients with stage T1/T2 cN0 PTC admitted to the thyroid tumor surgery of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent central compartment lymph node dissection. According to the results of the postoperative pathological examination, the patients were divided into two groups: PTC group (n=236) and PTC coexistent with the HT group (n=118). Results The proportion of PTC patients with HT was 33.33% (118/354) in T1/T2 cN0 PTC patients; most of them were women. The levels of serum thyrotropin, antithyroglobulin antibody, and thyroid peroxidase antibody in PTC coexistent with HT group are higher than those in the PTC group (P<0.05). The number of lymphadenectomies in PTC coexistent with HT group was more than that in PTC alone group (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that antithyroglobulin antibody positive, tumor diameter >1 cm, and multifocal cancer in T1/T2 stage cN0 PTC coexistent with HT group were all correlated with lymph node metastasis in the central region (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor diameter >1 cm, and multifocal cancer were the risk factors of central compartment lymph node metastasis in patients with T1/T2 stage cN0 PTC coexistent with HT (P<0.05). Conclusions HT is not a relevant factor of central lymph node metastasis in T1/T2 cN0 PTC; regardless of the presence or absence of HT, tumor diameter >1 cm and multifocal cancer are risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in patients with T1/T2 cN0 PTC. Therefore, preventive lymph node dissection in the central region should be conducted actively during the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thyroid Neoplasms Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahang Liu
- Department of Thyroid Neoplasms Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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Novel therapeutic options for radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer: redifferentiation and beyond. Curr Opin Oncol 2020; 32:13-19. [PMID: 31599772 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancers represent the main cause of thyroid cancer-related death. At present, targeted therapies with multikinase inhibitors represent a unique therapeutic tool, though they have limited benefit on patient survival and severe drug-associated adverse events. This review summarizes current treatment strategies for radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer and focuses on novel approaches to redifferentiate thyroid cancer cells to restore responsiveness to radioiodine administration. RECENT FINDINGS We summarize and discuss recent clinical trial findings and early data from real-life experiences with multikinase-inhibiting drugs. Possible alternative strategies to traditional redifferentiation are also discussed. SUMMARY The current review focuses primarily on the major advancements in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of iodine transport and metabolism and the genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in thyroid neoplasia as described using preclinical models. Results of clinical studies employing new compounds to induce thyroid cancer cell redifferentiation by acting against specific molecular targets are also discussed. Finally, we describe the current scenario emerging from such findings as well as future perspectives.
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The Molecular Function and Clinical Role of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071730. [PMID: 32698392 PMCID: PMC7407617 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and its cognate receptor (TSHR) are of crucial importance for thyrocytes to proliferate and exert their functions. Although TSHR is predominantly expressed in thyrocytes, several studies have revealed that functional TSHR can also be detected in many extra-thyroid tissues, such as primary ovarian and hepatic tissues as well as their corresponding malignancies. Recent advances in cancer biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TSH and/or TSHR as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in cancer patients. The TSH/TSHR cascade has been considered a pivotal modulator for carcinogenesis and/or tumor progression in these cancers. TSHR belongs to a sub-group of family A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which activate a bundle of well-defined signaling transduction pathways to enhance cell renewal in response to external stimuli. In this review, recent findings regarding the molecular basis of TSH/TSHR functions in either thyroid or extra-thyroid tissues and the potential of directly targeting TSHR as an anticancer strategy are summarized and discussed.
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Furmaniak J, Sanders J, Sanders P, Miller-Gallacher J, Ryder MM, Rees Smith B. Practical applications of studies on the TSH receptor and TSH receptor autoantibodies. Endocrine 2020; 68:261-264. [PMID: 32472423 PMCID: PMC7266850 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the TSH receptor (TSHR) have numerous practical applications in vitro and in vivo. For example human monoclonal autoantibodies (MAbs) to the TSHR are useful reagents for in vitro diagnostics. Measurement of TSHR autoantibodies (TRAbs) is helpful in diagnosis and management of autoimmune thyroid disease. Currently available highly sensitive and specific assays to measure TRAbs use the human TSHR MAb M22 instead of the TSH. Furthermore, preparations of the human TSHR MAb M22 are useful as the World Health Organisation International Standard for thyroid stimulating antibody and for calibration of the assays for measuring TRAbs. Preparations of thermostabilised TSHR extracellular domain have recently become available and this is likely to have an impact on improvements in specificity testing for TRAb assays. In addition the stable TSHR preparations have practical application for specific immunoadsorption of patient serum TRAbs. Human TSHR MAbs also have promising prospects as new therapeutics. Autoantibodies with TSHR antagonistic activities are "natural" inhibitors of TSHR stimulation and are expected to be helpful in controlling TSHR activity in patients with Graves' disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Sanders
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Cardiff, UK
| | - P Sanders
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Cardiff, UK
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Oh JM, Baek SH, Gangadaran P, Hong CM, Rajendran RL, Lee HW, Zhu L, Gopal A, Kalimuthu S, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. A Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Can Augment Radioactive Iodine Uptake Through Endogenous Sodium/Iodide Symporter Expression in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2020; 30:501-518. [PMID: 31928162 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is an important strategy in the treatment of thyroid cancer. However, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a rare malignancy, exhibits severe dedifferentiation characteristics along with a lack of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression and function. Therefore, RAI therapy is ineffective and contributes toward poor prognosis of these patients. Recently, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used to treat thyroid cancer patients for restoring NIS expression and function and RAI uptake capacity. However, most results reported thus far are associated with differentiated thyroid cancer. In this study, we identified a new TKI and investigated its effects on cell redifferentiation, NIS function, and RAI therapy in ATC. Methods: We identified a new TKI, "5-(5-{4H, 5H,6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophen-2-yl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-2-one" (CTOM-DHP), using a high-throughput screening system. CTOM-DHP was exposed to 8505C ATC cells at different concentrations and time points. Concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μM and an incubation time of 72 hours were chosen as the conditions for subsequent NIS promoter assays and NIS mRNA and protein expression experiments. In addition, we examined factors related to iodide metabolism after CTOM-DHP treatment as well as the signaling pathways mediating the effects of CTOM-DHP on endogenous NIS expression. RAI uptake and 131I cytotoxicity effects caused by CTOM-DHP pretreatment were also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: Promoter assays as well as mRNA and protein expression analyses confirmed that NIS expression was augmented by treatment of 8505C ATC cells with CTOM-DHP. Moreover, CTOM-DHP treatment robustly increased the expression of other thyroid-specific proteins and thyroid transcription factors related to iodide metabolism. Enhancement of NIS function was demonstrated by an increase in 125I uptake and 131I cytotoxicity. Increased endogenous NIS expression was associated with the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo results also demonstrated an increase in NIS promoter activity and RAI avidity in response to CTOM-DHP treatment. Furthermore, 131I-mediated therapeutic effects preferentially improved in a tumor xenograft mice model. Conclusions: CTOM-DHP, a new TKI identified in this study, enhances endogenous NIS expression and thereby is a promising compound for restoring RAI avidity in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunnehru Gopal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Derkach KV, Bakhtyukov AA, Sorokoumov VN, Shpakov AO. New Thieno-[2,3-d]pyrimidine-Based Functional Antagonist for the Receptor of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 491:77-80. [PMID: 32483756 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antagonists are required for the treatment of TSH-dependent tumors and Graves disease. We developed the compound 5-amino-N-(tert-butyl)-4-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(methylthio)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (TP48) and showed that it reduces the TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat thyroid membranes. Pretreatment of rats with compound TP48 (ip, 40 mg/kg) reduced the increase in the levels of total and free thyroxin in blood and the increase in the expression of thyroglobulin and D2 deiodinase genes in the thyroid gland, which are responsible for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which were caused by intranasal administration of thyroliberin to animals (300 μg/kg). These data indicate that compound TP48 is a functional antagonist of the TSH receptor and can be used to correct the thyroid status in hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Derkach
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Bakhtyukov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - V N Sorokoumov
- Institute of Chemistry, St.-Petersburg State University, 198504, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St.-Petersburg, Russia.
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Liu C, Deng YL, Zheng TZ, Yang P, Jiang XQ, Liu EN, Miao XP, Wang LQ, Jiang M, Zeng Q. Urinary biomarkers of phthalates exposure and risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121189. [PMID: 31541958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have been reported to affect the function and growth of thyroid. However, there is little data on the effect of phthalates on thyroid oncogenesis. Here we explored the associations between phthalates exposure and the risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule. We sex-matched 144 thyroid cancer, 138 benign nodule patients and 144 healthy adults from Wuhan, China. Eight phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The associations of creatinine-corrected urinary phthalate metabolites with the risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. We found that urinary monomethyl phthalate (MMP), mono(2-ethyl-5hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) associated with increased risks of thyroid cancer and nodule, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.74 to 4.78 comparing the extreme tertiles, and urinary monobutyl phthalate (MBP) was associated with decreased risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule (all P for trends < 0.05). Male-specific positive associations of urinary monoethyl phthalate (MEP) with thyroid cancer and nodule as well as urinary mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) with thyroid cancer were also observed. Our results suggest that exposure to certain phthalates may contribute to increased risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tong-Zhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue-Qing Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Er-Nan Liu
- Wuhan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Long-Qiang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
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Cheng L, Fu H, Jin Y, Sa R, Chen L. Clinicopathological Features Predict Outcomes in Patients with Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated with Sorafenib: A Real-World Study. Oncologist 2020; 25:e668-e678. [PMID: 31957916 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because beneficial response and progression-free survival (PFS) were achieved by well-designed clinical trials with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC), the overall survival (OS) and improvement of therapeutic outcomes in the real world have been anticipated. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS This prospective, single-center, real-world study assessed the predictive significance of clinicopathological features on disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), PFS, and OS in a cohort of 72 patients with progressive RR-DTC treated with sorafenib at an initial dose of 200 mg twice daily. RESULTS Disease control, objective response, and biochemical effectiveness were achieved in 73.3%, 21.7%, and 77.9% of patients, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 17.6 and 28.9 months, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that hand-foot syndrome (HFS) was an independent predictor for better DCR and ORR, and 131 I-avidity for higher ORR. In univariate analyses, longer PFS and OS were observed in patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≤2, pathologically well DTC, lung-only metastasis, absence of bone metastasis, biochemically nonineffective response, HFS, or radiological disease control. In multivariate analyses, only well DTC and ECOG PS ≤2 remained as independent prognostic factors for more favorable PFS and OS, respectively, whereas the absence of bone metastasis and biochemically nonineffective response independently predicted superior PFS and OS. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that clinicopathological features might play a vital role in predicting therapeutic outcomes in patients with progressive RR-DTC treated with sorafenib, warranting further optimization of candidates for TKIs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This prospective, single-center, real-world study was designed to investigate the significance of clinicopathological features in predicting response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated with sorafenib. Multivariate analyses showed that hand-foot syndrome was an independent predictor for better response. Meanwhile, well DTC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2, biochemically nonineffective response, and the absence of bone metastasis were independent prognostic factors for more favorable survival. This study demonstrated that clinicopathological features might play a vital role in predicting outcomes in sorafenib-treated patients with radioiodine-refractory DTC, warranting optimization of indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Furmaniak J, Sanders J, Clark J, Wilmot J, Sanders P, Li Y, Rees Smith B. Preclinical studies on the toxicology, pharmacokinetics and safety of K1-70 TM a human monoclonal autoantibody to the TSH receptor with TSH antagonist activity. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 32257067 PMCID: PMC7065368 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-019-0121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The human monoclonal autoantibody K1-70™ binds to the TSH receptor (TSHR) with high affinity and blocks TSHR cyclic AMP stimulation by TSH and thyroid stimulating autoantibodies. Methods The preclinical toxicology assessment following weekly intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration of K1-70™ in rats and cynomolgus monkeys for 29 days was carried out. An assessment of delayed onset toxicity and/or reversibility of toxicity was made during a further 4 week treatment free period. The pharmacokinetic parameters of K1-70™ and the effects of different doses of K1-70™ on serum thyroid hormone levels in the study animals were determined in rats and primates after IV and IM administration. Results Low serum levels of T3 and T4 associated with markedly elevated levels of TSH were observed in the study animals following IV and IM administration of K1-70™. The toxicological findings were attributed to the pharmacology of K1-70™ and were consistent with the hypothyroid state. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) could not be established in the rat study while in the primate study it was 100 mg/kg/dose for both males and females. Conclusions The toxicology, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data in this preclinical study were helpful in designing the first in human study with K1-70™ administered to subjects with Graves’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Furmaniak
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU UK
| | - Jane Sanders
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU UK
| | - Jill Clark
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU UK
| | - Jane Wilmot
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU UK
| | - Paul Sanders
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU UK
| | - Yang Li
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU UK
| | - Bernard Rees Smith
- AV7 Limited, FIRS Laboratories, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU UK
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Anti-Thyroid Antibodies and TSH as Potential Markers of Thyroid Carcinoma and Aggressive Behavior in Patients with Indeterminate Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology. World J Surg 2019; 44:363-370. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Revilla G, Corcoy R, Moral A, Escolà-Gil JC, Mato E. Cross-Talk between Inflammatory Mediators and the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Process in the Development of Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102466. [PMID: 31109060 PMCID: PMC6566886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong association between inflammatory processes and their main metabolic mediators, such as leptin, adiponectin secretion, and low/high-density lipoproteins, with the cancer risk and aggressive behavior of solid tumors. In this scenario, cancer cells (CCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) have important roles. These cellular populations, which come from differentiated cells and progenitor stem cells, have increased metabolic requirements when it comes to maintaining or expanding the tumors, and they serve as links to some inflammatory mediators. Although the molecular mechanisms that are involved in these associations remain unclear, the two following cellular pathways have been suggested: 1) the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) process, which permits the differentiation of adult stem cells throughout the acquisition of cell polarity and the adhesion to epithelia, as well to new cellular lineages (CSCs); and, 2) a reverse process, termed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), where, in pathophysiological conditions (tissue injury, inflammatory process, and oxidative stress), the differentiated cells can acquire a multipotent stem cell-like phenotype. The molecular mechanisms that regulate both EMT and MET are complex and poorly understood. Especially, in the thyroid gland, little is known regarding MET/EMT and the role of CCs or CSCs, providing an exciting, new area of knowledge to be investigated. This article reviews the progress to date in research on the role of inflammatory mediators and metabolic reprogramming during the carcinogenesis process of the thyroid gland and the EMT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Revilla
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Corcoy
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Moral
- Department of General Surgery-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Cirugia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Mato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Zheng J, Cui NH, Zhang S, Wang XB, Ming L. Leukocyte Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Two-Stage Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:421. [PMID: 31312182 PMCID: PMC6614343 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) may contribute to the development of various cancer types in a tumor-specific manner. However, little is known about whether leukocyte mtDNA content confers susceptibility to thyroid cancer (TC). This study aimed to investigate the associations of leukocyte mtDNA-CN with the risk and clinicopathological features of TC in a Chinese population. Methods: In this two-stage case-control study with a total of 402 TC patients and 406 controls, leukocyte mtDNA-CN content was measured with a quantitative PCR method. In a subset of 100 cases and 100 controls, levels of leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and plasma malondialdehyde, as two biomarkers for oxidative stress, were determined by ELISA and colorimetric kits, respectively. Results: In a combined analysis of discovery and validation sets, high mtDNA-CN content was positively associated with increased TC risk, after adjusting for confounders (OR for per SD increment: 1.43; 95%CI, 1.23-1.66; P < 0.001; OR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 2.10; 95%CI, 1.48-3.00; P trend < 0.001). This linear dose-response relationship was more pronounced in subtype analyses for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma (P < 0.001 for all), as well as in subgroup analyses for subjects with overweight and obesity (P interaction = 0.015). In TC patient, we observed the positive correlations of mtDNA-CN with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.006) and the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.012). Leukocyte mtDNA-CN content was also identified to increase with the levels of leukocyte 8-OHdG (P < 0.001), a biomarker for oxidative DNA damage. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the increase in leukocyte mtDNA-CN content may correlate with oxidative DNA damage, and serve as an independent risk factor for TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-hua Cui
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-bin Wang
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Liang Ming
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BRAF-Oncogene-Induced Senescence and the Role of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Signaling in the Progression of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2017; 9:1-11. [PMID: 29209896 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) explains the phenomenon of cellular senescence triggered by the action of oncogenes. It is a mechanism adopted by a cell to inhibit progression of benign tumors into malignancy, occurs in premalignant lesions, and is almost never present in malignant lesions. BRAF mutations occur in about 40-45% of all papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and of which 99.7% is the BRAFV600E mutation. A unique phenotype of the BRAFV600E mutation is the upregulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) on thyrocyte membranes. Despite the overexpression of the receptor, BRAFV600E cells undergo cell cycle arrest leading to OIS via a negative feedback signaling mechanism. A simultaneous increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in response to hypothyroidism (common in autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis) would cause senescent tumor cells to overcome OIS and proceed towards malignancy, hence showing the importance of TSH/TSHR signaling in the development of PTCs. Increase in TSH/TSHR signaling triggers an increase in levels of downstream enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and dual-specific phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) which eventually results in the production of oncogenic proteins such as c-Myc. Therefore, the detection of these genetic alterations as effective biomarkers for premalignant lesions of PTC is important in clinical settings and techniques such as polymerase chain reaction-mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and real-time PCR can be used to detect the BRAFV600E point mutation and overexpression of TSHR, MnSOD, and DUSP6, respectively.
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Wang M, Gui C, Qiu S, Tang J, Peng Z. Periostin silencing suppresses the aggressive phenotype of thyroid carcinoma cells by suppressing the Akt/thyroid stimulating hormone receptor axis. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:275-284. [PMID: 28965266 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that high periostin expression correlates with aggressive phenotype in thyroid carcinoma. However, the biological roles of periostin in thyroid carcinoma development and progression are still unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of periostin silencing on thyroid carcinoma cell growth, invasion, and tumorigenesis. We also studied the impact of periostin on the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt signaling, which is involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma. It was found that downregulation of periostin significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion in both FTC-133 and BCPAP thyroid carcinoma cells. In vivo tumorigenic studies confirmed that periostin depletion retarded the growth of subcutaneous FTC-133 xenograft tumors, which was coupled with a significant decline in the percentage of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that periostin downregulation caused a marked inhibition of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) expression and Akt phosphorylation in FTC-133 and BCPAP cells. Co-expression of constitutively active Akt (CA-Akt) significantly reversed periostin-mediated downregulation of TSHR. Most importantly, overexpression of TSHR or CA-Akt rescued FTC-133 cells from periostin-induced growth and invasion suppression. Collectively, periostin regulates thyroid carcinoma growth and progression via the Akt/TSHR axis and represents a promising therapeutic target for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chunyi Gui
- Nursing Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jingdong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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