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Tinsley E, Bredin P, Toomey S, Hennessy BT, Furney SJ. KMT2C and KMT2D aberrations in breast cancer. Trends Cancer 2024:S2405-8033(24)00029-3. [PMID: 38453563 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
KMT2C and KMT2D are histone lysine methyltransferases responsible for the monomethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) residues at gene enhancer sites. KMT2C/D are the most frequently mutated histone methyltransferases (HMTs) in breast cancer, occurring at frequencies of 10-20% collectively. Frequent damaging and truncating somatic mutations indicate a tumour-suppressive role of KMT2C/D in breast oncogenesis. Recent studies using cell lines and mouse models to replicate KMT2C/D loss show that these genes contribute to oestrogen receptor (ER)-driven transcription in ER+ breast cancers through the priming of gene enhancer regions. This review provides an overview of the functions of KMT2C/D and outlines the recent clinical and experimental evidence of the roles of KMT2C and KMT2D in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tinsley
- Genomic Oncology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Bredin
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Toomey
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Simon J Furney
- Genomic Oncology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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Deb P, Chini A, Guha P, Rishi A, Bhan A, Brady B, Perrotti LI, Mandal SS. Dynamic regulation of BDNF gene expression by estradiol and lncRNA HOTAIR. Gene 2024; 897:148055. [PMID: 38043834 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major neurotransmitter that controls growth and maintenance of neurons and its misregulation is linked to neurodegeneration and human diseases. Estradiol (E2) is well-known to regulate the process of differentiation and plasticity of hippocampal neurons. Here we examined the mechanisms of BDNF gene regulation under basal conditions and under stimuli such as E2. Our results demonstrated that BDNF expression is induced by E2 in vitro in HT22 cells (hippocampal neuronal cells) and in vivo (in ovariectomized mouse brain under E2-treatment). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) were enriched at the BDNF promoter in presence of E2. Additionally, ER-coregulators (e.g., CBP/p300, MLL3), histone acetylation, H3K4-trimethylation, and RNA polymerase II levels were also elevated at the BDNF promoter in an E2-dependent manner. Additionally, under the basal conditions (in the absence of E2), the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR and its interacting partners PRC2 and LSD1 complexes binds to the promoter of BDNF and represses its expression. HOTAIR knockdown -relieves the repression resulting in elevation of BDNF expression. Further, levels of HOTAIR-interacting partners, EZH2 and LSD1 were reduced at the BDNF promoter upon HOTAIR-knockdown revealing that HOTAIR plays a regulatory role in BDNF gene expression by modulating promoter histone modifications. Additionally, we showed that E2 induced-BDNF expression is mediated by the displacement of silencing factors, EZH2 and LSD1 at BDNF promoter and subsequent recruitment of active transcription machinery. These results reveal the mechanisms of BDNF gene regulation under the basal condition and in presence of a positive regulator such as E2 in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Deb
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Avisankar Chini
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Prarthana Guha
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Ashcharya Rishi
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Arunoday Bhan
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Blake Brady
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Linda I Perrotti
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
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Tracing the cis-regulatory changes underlying the endometrial control of placental invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2111256119. [PMID: 35110402 PMCID: PMC8832988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111256119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among eutherian (placental) mammals, placental embedding into the maternal endometrium exhibits great differences, from being deeply invasive (e.g., humans) to noninvasive (e.g., cattle). The degree of invasion of placental trophoblasts is positively correlated with the rate of cancer malignancy. Previously, we have shown that fibroblasts from different species offer different levels of resistance to the invading trophoblasts as well as to cancer cell invasion. Here we present a comparative genomic investigation revealing cis-regulatory elements underlying these interspecies differences in invasibility. We identify transcription factors that regulate proinvasibility and antiinvasibility genes in stromal cells. Using an in vitro invasibility assay combined with CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout, we found that the transcription factors GATA2 and TFDP1 strongly influence the invasibility of endometrial and skin fibroblasts. This work identifies genomic mechanisms explaining species differences in stromal invasibility, paving the way to therapies targeting stromal characteristics to regulate placental invasion, wound healing, and cancer dissemination.
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Shen J, Wang M, Li F, Yan H, Zhou J. Homeodomain-containing gene 10 contributed to breast cancer malignant behaviors by activating Interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1335-1345. [PMID: 34983296 PMCID: PMC8805924 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2016088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain‑containing gene 10 (HOXC10) has been identified as an oncogene in various malignancies. Nevertheless, the role and function of HOXC10 in breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of genes, respectively. CCK-8, transwell, and TUNEL assays were performed to evaluate cell viability, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of BC cells in vitro. The xenograft model was established to examine the effect of HOXC10 on tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicated that HOXC10 expression was increased in BC and correlated with an unsatisfactory prognosis. Functional assays indicated that HOXC10 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and metastasis, and suppressed cell apoptosis of BC, while HOXC10 knockdown showed opposite trends. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo assays uncovered that HOXC10 promoted the tumorigenesis of BC via the activation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Overall, our study revealed that HOXC10 could function as a tumor promotor in BC by upregulating IL-6 levels to activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of LianYunGang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of LianYunGang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of LianYunGang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huanhuan Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of LianYunGang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of LianYunGang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
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The low-complexity domains of the KMT2D protein regulate histone monomethylation transcription to facilitate pancreatic cancer progression. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:45. [PMID: 34758724 PMCID: PMC8579673 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) within the nucleus is directly linked to driving gene expression through transcriptional complexes. Histone lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) is widely present in many cancers. It is known to epigenetically stimulate the expression of genes associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our analyses show that KMT2D possesses two distinct low-complexity domains (LCDs) capable of driving the assembly of membrane-less condensates. The dependence of the mechanisms underlying monomethylation of H3K4 on the LLPS microenvironment derived from KMT2D LCDs is unclear in tumor. METHODS KMT2D LCD-depletion cells were used to investigate tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. We identified some core proteins, including WDR5, RBBP5, and ASH2L, which are involved in the KMT2D-associated catalytic complex in KMT2D LCD-deficient cells to further elucidate the mechanism that decreases monomethylation of H3K4. We also evaluated the viability of KMT2D LCD-deficient cells in vivo. Finally, using 1,6-hexanediol (HD), an inhibitor of LLPS, we determined cell activities associated with KMT2D function in wild-type PANC-1 cells. RESULTS Without the LLPS microenvironment in KMT2D LCD-deficient cells or wild-type PANC-1 cells treated with HD, the WDR5 protein was significantly less stable and the protein-protein interactions between the components of the KMT2D-enzyme complex were attenuated, impairing the formation of the complex. Moreover, with the decrease in H3K4me1 level at enhancers, transcription factors such as LIFR and KLF4 were markedly downregulated, effectively inhibiting tumor progression. In xenograft tumor models, PANC-1 cells lacking the KMT2D LCDs showed effectively suppressed tumor growth compared to normal cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the two low-complexity domains of the KMT2D protein could form a stable LLPS microenvironment, promoting the KMT2D catalysis of H3K4 monomethylation through stabilization of the WDR5 protein and KMT2D-enzyme complex. Therefore, finding ways to regulate the LLPS microenvironment will be benefitial for new cancer treatment strategies.
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Stauffer KM, Elion DL, Cook RS, Stricker T. MLL3 is a de novo cause of endocrine therapy resistance. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7692-7711. [PMID: 34581028 PMCID: PMC8559462 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer resequencing studies have revealed epigenetic enzymes as common targets for recurrent mutations. The monomethyltransferase MLL3 is among the most recurrently mutated enzymes in ER+ breast cancer. The H3K4me1 marks created by MLL3 can define enhancers. In ER+ breast cancer, ERα genome‐binding sites are primarily distal enhancers. Thus, we hypothesize that mutation of MLL3 will alter the genomic binding and transcriptional regulatory activity of ERα. Methods We investigated the genomic consequences of knocking down MLL3 in an MLL3/PIK3CA WT ER+ breast cancer cell line. Results Loss of MLL3 led to a large loss of H3K4me1 across the genome, and a shift in genomic location of ERα‐binding sites, which was accompanied by a re‐organization of the breast cancer transcriptome. Gene set enrichment analyses of ERα‐binding sites in MLL3 KD identified endocrine therapy resistance terms, and we showed that MLL3 KD cells are resistant to tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Many differentially expressed genes are controlled by the small collection of new locations of H3K4me1 deposition and ERα binding, suggesting that loss of functional MLL3 leads to new transcriptional regulation of essential genes. Motif analysis of RNA‐seq and ChIP‐seq data highlighted SP1 as a critical transcription factor in the MLL3 KD cells. Differentially expressed genes that display a loss of ERα binding upon MLL3 KD also harbor increased SP1 binding. Conclusions Our data show that a decrease in functional MLL3 leads to endocrine therapy resistance. This highlights the importance of genotyping patient tumor samples for MLL3 mutation upon initial resection, prior to deciding upon treatment plans.
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Liu X, Qiu R, Xu M, Meng M, Zhao S, Ji J, Yang Y. KMT2C is a potential biomarker of prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:347-361. [PMID: 34240274 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic regulation plays critical roles in cancer progression, and high-frequency mutations or expression variations in epigenetic regulators have been frequently observed in tumorigenesis, serving as biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy. Here, we aimed to explore the function of epigenetic regulators in breast cancer. METHODS The mutational landscape of epigenetic regulators in breast cancer samples was investigated based on datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in MCF-7 cells transfected with control siRNA or KMT2C siRNA was performed. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to validate the RNA-seq results. RESULTS Among the 450 epigenetic regulators, KMT2C was frequently mutated in breast cancer samples. The tumor mutational burden (TMB) was elevated in breast cancer samples with KMT2C mutations or low KMT2C mRNA levels compared to their counterparts with wild-type KMT2C or high KMT2C mRNA levels. Somatic mutation and low expression of KMT2C were independently correlated with the poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the breast cancer samples, respectively. RNA-seq analysis combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation and qRT-PCR assays revealed that the depletion of KMT2C remarkably affected the expression of DNA damage repair-related genes. More importantly, the low expression of KMT2C was related to breast cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and longer OS of breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. CONCLUSION We conclude that KMT2C could serve as a potential biomarker of prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity by affecting the DNA damage repair-related genes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, School of Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Min Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, School of Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Miaomiao Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, School of Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, School of Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, School of Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, School of Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Estrogen suppresses HOXB2 expression via ERα in breast cancer cells. Gene 2021; 794:145746. [PMID: 34062258 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The expression of HOXB2, a homeobox transcription factor, is altered in a variety of solid tumors. Using an in vivo screen to identify regulators of breast tumor growth in murine mammary fat pads, Boimel and co-workers recently identified HOXB2 as a tumor suppressor. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of its role in breast cancer is not understood. Given the emerging interaction of estrogen-regulated gene expression and altered HOX gene expression network in the pathophysiology of breast cancer, this study addressed the relationship between estrogen signaling and HOXB2 expression. Using a mouse model and human breast cancer cell lines, we show that estrogen suppresses HOXB2 expression. Suppression of HOXB2 by PPT, a known ERα agonist, in MCF-7 and T47D cells indicated the involvement of ERα, which was confirmed by siRNA-mediated ERα knockdown experiments. In-silico analysis of the upstream promoter region revealed the presence of three putative EREs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that upon estrogen binding, ERα engaged with EREs in the 5' upstream region of HOXB2 in MCF-7 and T47D cells. Future investigations should address the implications of estrogen-mediated suppression on the proposed tumor suppressor function of HOXB2.
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Abstract
The HOXC10 gene, a member of the HOX genes family, plays crucial roles in mammalian physiological processes, such as limb morphological development, limb regeneration, and lumbar motor neuron differentiation. HOXC10 is also associated with angiogenesis, fat metabolism, and sex regulation. Additional evidence suggests that HOXC10 dysregulation is closely associated with various tumors. HOXC10 is an important transcription factor that can activate several oncogenic pathways by regulating various target molecules such as ERK, AKT, p65, and epithelial mesenchymal transition-related genes. HOXC10 also induces drug resistance in cancers by promoting the DNA repair pathway. In this review, we summarize HOXC10 gene structure and expression as well as the role of HOXC10 in different human cancer processes. This review will provide insight into the status of HOXC10 research and help identify novel targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Fang
- Department of Science and Education, Jinhua Guangfu Oncology Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Jinhua Guangfu Oncology Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Liangliang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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Hussain I, Deb P, Chini A, Obaid M, Bhan A, Ansari KI, Mishra BP, Bobzean SA, Udden SMN, Alluri PG, Das HK, Brothers RM, Perrotti LI, Mandal SS. HOXA5 Expression Is Elevated in Breast Cancer and Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Estradiol. Front Genet 2021; 11:592436. [PMID: 33384715 PMCID: PMC7770181 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.592436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA5 is a homeobox-containing gene associated with the development of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and vertebrae. Here, we investigate potential roles and the gene regulatory mechanism in HOXA5 in breast cancer cells. Our studies demonstrate that HOXA5 expression is elevated in breast cancer tissues and in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. HOXA5 expression is critical for breast cancer cell viability. Biochemical studies show that estradiol (E2) regulates HOXA5 gene expression in cultured breast cancer cells in vitro. HOXA5 expression is also upregulated in vivo in the mammary tissues of ovariectomized female rats. E2-induced HOXA5 expression is coordinated by ERs. Knockdown of either ERα or ERβ downregulated E2-induced HOXA5 expression. Additionally, ER co-regulators, including CBP/p300 (histone acetylases) and MLL-histone methylases (MLL2, MLL3), histone acetylation-, and H3K4 trimethylation levels are enriched at the HOXA5 promoter in present E2. In summary, our studies demonstrate that HOXA5 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is transcriptionally regulated via estradiol in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Paromita Deb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Avisankar Chini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Monira Obaid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Arunoday Bhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Khairul I Ansari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Bibhu P Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Samara A Bobzean
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - S M Nashir Udden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Prasanna G Alluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hriday K Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Healthy Aging, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Robert Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Linda I Perrotti
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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Pai P, Sukumar S. HOX genes and the NF-κB pathway: A convergence of developmental biology, inflammation and cancer biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188450. [PMID: 33049277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The roles of HOX transcription factors as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the NF-KB pathway in chronic inflammation, both leading to cancer are well-established. HOX transcription factors are members of an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins required for anteroposterior body axis patterning during embryonic development, and are often dysregulated in cancer. The NF-KB pathway aids inflammation and immunity but it is also important during embryonic development. It is frequently activated in both solid and hematological malignancies. NF-KB and HOX proteins can influence each other through mutual transcriptional regulation, protein-protein interactions, and regulation of upstream and downstream interactors. These interactions have important implications both in homeostasis and in disease. In this review, we summarize the role of HOX proteins in regulating inflammation in homeostasis and disease- with a particular emphasis on cancer. We also describe the relationship between HOX genes and the NF-KB pathway, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pai
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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Enteghami M, Ghorbani M, Zamani M, Galehdari H. HOXC10 is significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer. Biomed Rep 2020; 13:18. [PMID: 32765857 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer in world and has a high rate of mortality. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic; however, factors such as age, a family history of inflammatory diseases, diet, lifestyle and genetics increase the risk. HOX genes and lncRNAs are two classes of genes, and alterations in the expression levels of these genes are significantly associated with numerous different types of cancer. In the present study, the expression levels of HOXC10, HOXC-AS3, HOTAIR, HOXC13 and HOXC13-AS in tumor tissues were compared with normal healthy tissues in patients with CRC. Paired tumor and normal tissues were collected from 39 patients with CRC, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used the expression of HOXC-AS3, HOXC13 and HOXC10 in the tumor tissues compared with the respective normal tissues. Expression of these genes were increased in the tumor tissues compared with normal tissues; however, the difference was only significant for HOXC10. Additionally, there was a strong and significant correlation between the expression of HOTAIR and HOXC13, a moderate and significant correlation between the expression of HOTAIR and HOXC13-AS, and between HOXC13 and HOXC13-AS genes. The expression of HOXC10 was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with the normal tissues; whereas the upregulation of HOXC-AS3 and HOXC13 were not significant. Only the correlation between the expression of HOTAIR and HOXC13 was strong and significant. As HOXC10 expression was significantly upregulated in the tumor tissues relative to normal tissues, it may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC and as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Enteghami
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan 6155661112, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghorbani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan 6155661112, Iran
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan 6155661112, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan 6155661112, Iran
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Li M, Alsager JS, Wang Z, Cheng L, Shan B. Epigenetic upregulation of HOXC10 in non-small lung cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16921-16935. [PMID: 32687064 PMCID: PMC7521540 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The homeobox genes (HOX) have emerged as a new family of master regulators of development and cancer. In the current study, we examined the expression and function of HOXC10 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We observed increased expression of HOXC10 in the more aggressive human NSCLC cell line NCI-H23 over the well differentiated A549 cells. To elucidate the expression and function of HOXC10 in NSCLC cells, we employed RT-PCR, immunoblotting, methylation-specific PCR, apoptosis assays, and xenograft model. Overexpression of HOXC10 in A549 cells conveyed increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and accelerated tumor growth when transplanted into nude mice. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOXC10 in NCI-H23 cells reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. Our results further indicated that hypomethylation of the CpG island in the HOXC10 promoter was critical to elevated expression of HOXC10 in NSCLC cells. Lastly, we identified a G-quadruplex in the HOXC10 promoter and its G-quadruplex formation was required for elevated expression of HOXC10 in NSCLC cells. Moreover our results suggest that disruption of G-quadruplex formation can silence HOXC10 expression in NSCLC cells. In summary, we report HOXC10 as a novel tumor promoting oncogene in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - John Simon Alsager
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Zhaokai Wang
- The First Clinical Department of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- The First Clinical Department of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Shan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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Park K, Kim JA, Kim J. Transcriptional regulation by the KMT2 histone H3K4 methyltransferases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Larsson C, Cordeddu L, Siggens L, Pandzic T, Kundu S, He L, Ali MA, Pristovšek N, Hartman K, Ekwall K, Sjöblom T. Restoration of KMT2C/MLL3 in human colorectal cancer cells reinforces genome-wide H3K4me1 profiles and influences cell growth and gene expression. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:74. [PMID: 32471474 PMCID: PMC7257146 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) monomethylase KMT2C is mutated across several cancer types; however, the effects of mutations on epigenome organization, gene expression, and cell growth are not clear. A frequently recurring mutation in colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite instability is a single nucleotide deletion within the exon 38 poly-A(9) repeat (c.8390delA) which results in frameshift preceding the functional carboxy-terminal SET domain. To study effects of KMT2C expression in CRC cells, we restored one allele to wild type KMT2C in the two CRC cell lines RKO and HCT116, which both are homozygous c.8390delA mutant. RESULTS Gene editing resulted in increased KMT2C expression, increased H3K4me1 levels, altered gene expression profiles, and subtle negative effects on cell growth, where higher dependence and stronger effects of KMT2C expression were observed in RKO compared to HCT116 cells. Surprisingly, we found that the two RKO and HCT116 CRC cell lines have distinct baseline H3K4me1 epigenomic profiles. In RKO cells, a flatter genome-wide H3K4me1 profile was associated with more increased H3K4me1 deposition at enhancers, reduced cell growth, and more differential gene expression relative to HCT116 cells when KMT2C was restored. Profiling of H3K4me1 did not indicate a highly specific regulation of gene expression as KMT2C-induced H3K4me1 deposition was found globally and not at a specific enhancer sub-set in the engineered cells. Although we observed variation in differentially regulated gene sets between cell lines and individual clones, differentially expressed genes in both cell lines included genes linked to known cancer signaling pathways, estrogen response, hypoxia response, and aspects of immune system regulation. CONCLUSIONS Here, KMT2C restoration reduced CRC cell growth and reinforced genome-wide H3K4me1 deposition at enhancers; however, the effects varied depending upon the H3K4me1 status of KMT2C deficient cells. Results indicate that KMT2C inactivation may promote colorectal cancer development through transcriptional dysregulation in several pathways with known cancer relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatarina Larsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lina Cordeddu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lee Siggens
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tatjana Pandzic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Snehangshu Kundu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Akhtar Ali
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Present address: School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nuša Pristovšek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Present address: The Novo Nordisk Foundation for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karin Hartman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Ekwall
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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de Bessa Garcia SA, Araújo M, Pereira T, Mouta J, Freitas R. HOX genes function in Breast Cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188358. [PMID: 32147544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer develops in the mammary glands during mammalian adulthood and is considered the second most common type of human carcinoma and the most incident and mortal in the female population. In contrast to other human structures, the female mammary glands continue to develop after birth, undergoing various modifications during pregnancy, lactation and involution under the regulation of hormones and transcription factors, including those encoded by the HOX clusters (A, B, C, and D). Interestingly, HOX gene deregulation is often associated to breast cancer development. Within the HOXB cluster, 8 out of the 10 genes present altered expression levels in breast cancer with an impact in its aggressiveness and resistance to hormone therapy, which highlights the importance of HOXB genes as potential therapeutic targets used to overcome the limitations of tamoxifen-resistant cancer treatments. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of HOX genes in breast cancer, specially focus on HOXB, discussing the causes and consequences of HOXB gene deregulation and their relevance as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Aparecida de Bessa Garcia
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Araújo
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Pereira
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - João Mouta
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Freitas
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.; ICBAS- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal..
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17
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Histone methyltransferases regulate the transcriptional expression of ERα and the proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:45-54. [PMID: 31897900 PMCID: PMC7031178 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Although tamoxifen remains the frontline treatment for ERα-positive breast cancers, resistance to this drug limits its clinical efficacy. Most tamoxifen-resistant patients retain ERα expression which may support growth and progression of breast cancers. Therefore, we investigated epigenetic regulation of ERα that may provide a rationale for targeting ERα in these patients. Methods Expression levels of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) family of proteins in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells and publicly available breast cancer patient data sets were analyzed. Histone methylation levels in ERα promoter regions were assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Expression levels of ERα and its target gene were analyzed using western blotting and real-time qPCR. Cell-cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The expression of MLL3 and SET-domain-containing 1A (SET1A) were increased in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers. An MLL3 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments for MLL3 and SET1A suggested that these proteins bound to enhancer or intron regions of the ESR1 gene and regulated histone H3K4 methylation status. Depletion of MLL3 or SET1A downregulated the expression level of ERα and inhibited the growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Additional treatment with fulvestrant resulted in a synergistic reduction of ERα levels and the growth of the cells. Conclusions The enhanced expression of MLL3 and SET1A in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells supported the ERα-dependent growth of these cells by increasing ERα expression. Our results suggest that targeting these histone methyltransferases might provide an attractive strategy to overcome endocrine resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05517-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Li J, Tong G, Huang C, Luo Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Cheng B, Zhang Z, Wu X, Liu Q, Li M, Li L, Ni B. HOXC10 promotes cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth in gastric carcinoma cells through upregulating proinflammatory cytokines. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3579-3591. [PMID: 31552684 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhang Li
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital The Affiliated Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Liuzhou Guangxi China
| | - Gangling Tong
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital The Affiliated Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Liuzhou Guangxi China
| | - Yunsheng Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital The Affiliated Liuzhou People’ Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Liuzhou Guangxi China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital The Affiliated Liuzhou People’ Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Liuzhou Guangxi China
| | - Boran Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital The Affiliated Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Liuzhou Guangxi China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Qiumei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital The Affiliated Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Liuzhou Guangxi China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital The Affiliated Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Liuzhou Guangxi China
| | - Laiqing Li
- Department of Scientific Research Guangzhou Youdi Bio‐Technology Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Bingqiang Ni
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital The Affiliated Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Liuzhou Guangxi China
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19
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Chen X, Zhang G, Chen B, Wang Y, Guo L, Cao L, Ren C, Wen L, Liao N. Association between histone lysine methyltransferase KMT2C mutation and clinicopathological factors in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108997. [PMID: 31146111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important regulator of epigenetics, histone lysine methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C), is frequently mutated in multiple human cancers and is considered to be crucial for the occurrence and development of numerous cancers. However, the relationship between KMT2C mutation and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with breast cancer is unclear. In the present study, we performed next-generation sequencing to investigate the mutation status of KMT2C in 411 treatment-naive Chinese patients with breast cancer at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (GDPH), and further compared the results to those of patients with breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 981) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC, n = 1454) cohorts. The KMT2C mutation rate was 8.0% (33/411) in the GDPH cohort, whereas that in the TCGA and the METABRIC cohorts was 7.0% (69/981) and 14.5% (211/1454), respectively. Nineteen novel mutations were observed in the GDPH cohort. KMT2C mutations were found to be significantly associated with patients older than 50 years (GDPH: p = 0.007; TCGA: p = 0.005; METABRIC: p = 0.015). The KMT2C mutation rate in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients was higher than that in the other subtypes (GDPH: p = 0.047; TCGA: p = 0.032; METABRIC: p = 0.046). In addition, KMT2C mutations in the GDPH cohort were observed in invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) at 30.8% (4/13). Further, KMT2C mutation was not found to be an independent risk factor in the prognosis of patients with breast cancer [TCGA: hazard ratio (HR), 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88-3.31; p = 0.111; METABRIC: HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 0.45-3.08; p = 0.419]. This is the first study to preliminarily elucidate the role of KMT2C mutations in Chinese patients with breast cancer and further identified significant KMT2C mutation differences according to race and ethnicity. KMT2C might be a susceptibility gene of Chinese patients with ILC that would help define high-risk groups that could benefit from adapted, personalized screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhu Wen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong provincal people's Hospital & Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Kim J, Bae DH, Kim JH, Song KS, Kim YS, Kim SY. HOXC10 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:202-212. [PMID: 31115563 PMCID: PMC6549078 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain‑containing gene 10 (HOXC10) is a member of the homeobox transcription factors that plays an important role in the development of multicellular organisms. HOXC10 is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, and recent studies have revealed that HOXC10 is upregulated in gastric cancer as well. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood, thus, the role of HOXC10 was investigated in the present study in human gastric cancer. First, HOXC10 expression was revealed to be significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared to normal tissues (TCGA dataset), and HOXC10 upregulation was associated with decreased recurrence‑free survival in gastric cancer patients in a public gene expression dataset. HOXC10 promoted cell proliferation and metastasis in two gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and MKN74). Analyzing TCGA 450K DNA methylation dataset, it was revealed that HOXC10 CpG sites were hypomethylated in gastric cancer tissues. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that CpG sites in the HOXC10 first intronic region were hypomethylated in three gastric cancer tissues, and HOXC10 expression was increased in gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and SNU620) in response to 5‑azacytidine treatment. By RNA‑sequencing of AGS cells with ectopic HOXC10 expression, it was revealed that many genes were upregulated by HOXC10 overexpression. Among them, CST1 was predicted to be a HOXC10 direct target gene via prediction of HOXC10 binding sites from the JASPAR database. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that HOXC10 directly bound to CST1 promoter regions. The present study proposes HOXC10 is a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuck Bae
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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21
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Milevskiy MJG, Gujral U, Del Lama Marques C, Stone A, Northwood K, Burke LJ, Gee JMW, Nephew K, Clark S, Brown MA. MicroRNA-196a is regulated by ER and is a prognostic biomarker in ER+ breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:621-632. [PMID: 30783203 PMCID: PMC6461839 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are potent post-transcriptional regulators involved in all hallmarks of cancer. Mir-196a is transcribed from two loci and has been implicated in a wide range of developmental and pathogenic processes, with targets including Hox, Fox, Cdk inhibitors and annexins. Genetic variants and altered expression of MIR196A are associated with risk and progression of multiple cancers including breast cancer, however little is known about the regulation of the genes encoding this miRNA, nor the impact of variants therein. Methods Genomic data and chromatin interaction analysis were used to discover functional promoter and enhancer elements for MIR196A. Expression data were used to associate MIR196A with mechanisms of resistance, breast cancer subtypes and prognosis. Results Here we demonstrate that MIR196A displays complex and dynamic expression patterns, in part controlled by long-range transcriptional regulation between promoter and enhancer elements bound by ERα. Expression of this miRNA is significantly increased in drug-resistant models of hormone-receptor positive disease. The expression of MIR196A also proves to be a robust prognostic factor for patients with advanced and post-menopausal ER+ disease. Conclusion This work sheds light on the normal and abnormal regulation of MIR196A and provides a novel stratification method for therapeutically resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J G Milevskiy
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Udai Gujral
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Stone
- Division of Genomics and Epigenetics, Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Korinne Northwood
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Lez J Burke
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julia M W Gee
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kenneth Nephew
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Susan Clark
- Division of Genomics and Epigenetics, Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa A Brown
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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22
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Zhang X, Zhao B, Yan T, Hao A, Gao Y, Li D, Sui G. G-quadruplex structures at the promoter of HOXC10 regulate its expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:1018-1028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Chiappetta C, Puggioni C, Carletti R, Petrozza V, Della Rocca C, Di Crisfofano C. The nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of a chromatin-modifying and remodelling protein (KMT2C), in osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30624-30634. [PMID: 30093974 PMCID: PMC6078128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common paediatric primary non-hematopoietic bone tumor; the survival is related to the response to chemotherapy and development of metastases. KMT2C is a chromatin-modifying and remodelling protein and its expression has never been studied in osteosarcoma. The aim of this study was to understand the role of KMT2C in the osteosarcoma carcinogenesis and metastatic progression to identify a new molecular target and to provide new therapeutic approach. We performed the immunohistochemical and gene expression analysis of KMT2C in 32 samples of patients with diagnosis of osteosarcoma with known clinic-pathological data and we analysed the expression of genes involved in the metastatic pathway in four osteosarcoma cell lines by blocking the KMT2C expression using siRNA. We found a nuclear-cytoplamic trafficking of KMT2C and the cytoplasmic localization was higher than the nuclear localization (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the percentage of cells with cytoplasmic positivity increased from low grade primary tissue to metastatic tissues. The cytoplasmic localization of KMT2C could lead to a change in its function supporting osteosarcoma carcinogenesis and progression. Our hypothesis is that KMT2C could affect the enhancer activity of genes influencing the invasive properties and metastatic potential of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Chiappetta
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Chiara Puggioni
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Carlo Della Rocca
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Crisfofano
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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Li S, Zhang W, Wu C, Gao H, Yu J, Wang X, Li B, Jun Z, Zhang W, Zhou P, Shi J, Wang L, Gao Y, Li S, Tao B. HOXC10 promotes proliferation and invasion and induces immunosuppressive gene expression in glioma. FEBS J 2018; 285:2278-2291. [PMID: 29676849 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with malignant glioma is very poor and thus the identification of new potential therapeutic targets is critically important. In this work, we report a previously unknown role for the homeobox transcription factor HOXC10 in regulating immunosuppressive gene expression in glioma cell lines and their proliferative and invasive capacities. Although HOXC10 expression is dysregulated in several types of tumors, its potential function in glioma was not known. We found that HOXC10 expression was upregulated in glioma compared with normal tissue, and that HOXC10 expression positively associated with high grading of glioma. In three independent datasets (REMBRANDT glioma, The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma multiforme and GSE4412), HOXC10 upregulation was associated with short overall survival. In two glioma cell lines, HOXC10 knock-down inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. In addition, HOXC10 knock-down suppressed the expression of genes that are involved in tumor immunosuppression, including those for transforming growth factor-β 2, PD-L2, CCL2 and TDO2. A ChIP assay showed that HOXC10 directly bound to the PD-L2 and TDO2 promoter regions. In summary, our results suggest that HOXC10 upregulation in glioma promotes an aggressive phenotype and induces immunosuppressive gene expression, supporting further investigation of the potential of HOXC10 as a therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Hongliang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zhong Jun
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wenchaun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Juanhong Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yunxing Gao
- Department of Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
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KMT2C mediates the estrogen dependence of breast cancer through regulation of ERα enhancer function. Oncogene 2018; 37:4692-4710. [PMID: 29755131 PMCID: PMC6107480 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that directs proliferation and differentiation in selected cancer cell types including mammary-derived carcinomas. These master-regulatory functions of ERα require trans-acting elements such as the pioneer factor FOXA1 to establish a genomic landscape conducive to ERα control. Here, we identify the H3K4 methyltransferase KMT2C as necessary for hormone-driven ERα activity and breast cancer proliferation. KMT2C knockdown suppresses estrogen-dependent gene expression and causes H3K4me1 and H3K27ac loss selectively at ERα enhancers. Correspondingly, KMT2C loss impairs estrogen-driven breast cancer proliferation but has no effect on ER- breast cells. Whereas KMT2C loss disrupts estrogen-driven proliferation, it conversely promotes tumor outgrowth under hormone-depleted conditions. In accordance, KMT2C is one of the most frequently mutated genes in ER-positive breast cancer with KMT2C deletion correlating with significantly shorter progression-free survival on anti-estrogen therapy. From a therapeutic standpoint, KMT2C-depleted cells that develop hormone-independence retain their dependence on ERα, displaying ongoing sensitivity to ERα antagonists. We conclude that KMT2C is a key regulator of ERα activity whose loss uncouples breast cancer proliferation from hormone abundance.
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26
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Xin G, Chen R, Zhang X. Identification of key microRNAs, transcription factors and genes associated with congenital obstructive nephropathy in a mouse model of megabladder. Gene 2018; 650:77-85. [PMID: 29410288 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying congenital obstructive nephropathy (CON). METHODS The microarray dataset GSE70879 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, including 3 kidney samples of megabladder mice and 4 control kidneys. Using this dataset, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified between the kidney samples from megabladder mice and controls, followed by identification of the target genes for these DEMs and construction of a DEM and target gene interaction network. Additionally, the target genes were subjected to Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses, and were used for construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, regulatory networks were constructed to analyze transcription factors for the key miRNAs. RESULTS From 17 DEMs identified between kidney samples of megabladder mice and controls, 3 key miRNAs were screened, including mmu-miR-150-5p, mmu-miR-374b-5p and mmu-miR-126a-5p. The regulatory networks identified vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) as the common target gene of mmu-miR-150-5p and five transcription factors, including nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 (Nr4a2), Jun dimerisation protein 2 (Jdp2), Kruppel-like factor 6 (Klf6), Neurexophilin-3 (Nxph3) and RNA binding motif protein 17 (Rbm17). The gene encoding phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) was found to be co-regulated by mmu-miR-374b-5p and high mobility group protein A1 (Hmga1), whereas the kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (Kras) was identified as a common target gene of mmu-miR-126a-5p and paired box 6 (Pax6). CONCLUSIONS In summary, the above-listed key miRNAs, transcription factors and key genes may be involved in the development of CON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Xin
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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27
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Xie X, Xiao Y, Huang X. Homeobox C10 knockdown suppresses cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells through regulating caspase 3. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:473-482. [PMID: 29403292 PMCID: PMC5784584 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s143440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Homeobox (HOX) genes and their protein products have been found to function as oncogenes in the progression of many cancers. But the role of Homeobox C10 (HOXC10) in osteosarcoma (OS) still remains less understood. In this study, we firstly determine the biologic functions of HOXC10 in OS. Materials and methods We examined the expression of HOXC10 in OS tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. We investigated the effects of HOXC10 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and caspase 3 activity in three OS cell lines by RNA interference, Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and colorimetric assays. Results We found that HOXC10 was elevated in OS tissues. Silencing HOXC10 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and increased the expression and activity of caspase 3. The resistance assay further suggested that HOXC10 affected cell growth and apoptosis through regulating the expression and activity of caspase 3. Conclusion HOXC10 might function as an oncogene in OS by regulating the expression and activity of caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankuan Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Chiappetta C, Mancini M, Lessi F, Aretini P, De Gregorio V, Puggioni C, Carletti R, Petrozza V, Civita P, Franceschi S, Naccarato AG, Rocca CD, Mazzanti CM, Di Cristofano C. Whole-exome analysis in osteosarcoma to identify a personalized therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80416-80428. [PMID: 29113313 PMCID: PMC5655208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common pediatric primary non-hematopoietic bone tumor. Survival of these young patients is related to the response to chemotherapy and development of metastases. Despite many advances in cancer research, chemotherapy regimens for osteosarcoma are still based on non-selective cytotoxic drugs. It is essential to investigate new specific molecular therapies for osteosarcoma to increase the survival rate of these patients. We performed exomic sequence analyses of 8 diagnostic biopsies of patients with conventional high grade osteosarcoma to advance our understanding of their genetic underpinnings and to correlate the genetic alteration with the clinical and pathological features of each patient to identify a personalized therapy. We identified 18,275 somatic variations in 8,247 genes and we found three mutated genes in 7/8 (87%) samples (KIF1B, NEB and KMT2C). KMT2C showed the highest number of variations; it is an important component of a histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase complex and it is one of the histone modifiers previously implicated in carcinogenesis, never studied in osteosarcoma. Moreover, we found a group of 15 genes that showed variations only in patients that did not respond to therapy and developed metastasis and some of these genes are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in other tumors. These data could offer the opportunity to get a key molecular target to identify possible new strategies for early diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma and to provide a tailored treatment for each patient based on their genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Chiappetta
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Puggioni
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Della Rocca
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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29
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Bhan A, Deb P, Shihabeddin N, Ansari KI, Brotto M, Mandal SS. Histone methylase MLL1 coordinates with HIF and regulate lncRNA HOTAIR expression under hypoxia. Gene 2017; 629:16-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Tang XL, Ding BX, Hua Y, Chen H, Wu T, Chen ZQ, Yuan CH. HOXC10 Promotes the Metastasis of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma and Indicates Poor Survival Outcome. Front Physiol 2017; 8:557. [PMID: 28824453 PMCID: PMC5539290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As master regulator of embryonic morphogenesis, homeodomain-containing gene 10 (HOXC10) has been found to promote progression of human cancers and indicates poor survival outcome. However, the role of HOXC10 in lung adenocarcinoma still unclear. Methods: HOXC10 expression was evaluated in 63 primary lung adenocarcinoma tissues from our local hospital, and further systematically confirmed in lung cancer tissues from six GEO datasets (GSE19188, GSE31210, GSE10072, GSE7670, GSE32863, GSE30219), and Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The role of HOXC10 in lung cancer metastasis was further validated by cellular and molecular studies. Results: The expression of HOXC10 was significantly increased in human lung adenocarcinoma samples from Wuhu No.2 People's Hospital, about 4.219 times compared with normal tissues, and significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymph node, and distal metastasis. Upregulation of HOXC10 indicated a poor overall/relapse free survival of lung cancer patients from Wuhu No.2 People's Hospital, GEO datasets, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database, especially in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Knockdown or ectopic expression assays confirmed that HOXC10 enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K, regulated the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers: MMP2/9, VCAM-1, vimentin and E-cadherin. Cellular study further confirmed that HOXC10 was required for migration, invasion and adhesion of lung cancer cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HOXC10 plays a pivotal role in the metastasis of human lung cancer and highlight its usefulness as a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target in human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Tang
- Department of Laboratory and Nuclear Medicine, People's HospitalAnhui, China
| | - Bang-Xian Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Chemical and Biological Engineer, Vocational and Technical College of FuyangAnhui, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Laboratory and Nuclear Medicine, People's HospitalAnhui, China
| | - Zhang-Quan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostic of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan, China
| | - Chun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
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31
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Bhan A, Soleimani M, Mandal SS. Long Noncoding RNA and Cancer: A New Paradigm. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3965-3981. [PMID: 28701486 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1510] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In addition to mutations or aberrant expression in the protein-coding genes, mutations and misregulation of noncoding RNAs, in particular long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), appear to play major roles in cancer. Genome-wide association studies of tumor samples have identified a large number of lncRNAs associated with various types of cancer. Alterations in lncRNA expression and their mutations promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. LncRNAs may exhibit tumor-suppressive and -promoting (oncogenic) functions. Because of their genome-wide expression patterns in a variety of tissues and their tissue-specific expression characteristics, lncRNAs hold strong promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. In this article, we have reviewed the emerging functions and association of lncRNAs in different types of cancer and discussed their potential implications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 77(15); 3965-81. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunoday Bhan
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Milad Soleimani
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas.
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32
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Xiong W, Zhou Q, Liu G, Liu XS, Li XY. Homeodomain-containing gene 10 inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes cell invasion and migration in osteosarcoma cell lines. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697566. [PMID: 28474998 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain-containing gene 10 (HOXC10) belongs to the homeobox family, which encodes a highly conserved family of transcription factors that plays an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Altered expressions of HOXC10 have been reported in several malignancies. This study was aimed to reveal the expression profile of HOXC10 in osteosarcoma and evaluated whether HOXC10 is a molecular target for cancer therapy. We found that HOXC10 was up-regulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with bone cyst specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Osteosarcoma MG63 cells were infected with HOXC10 shRNA expressing vector, and 143B cells were infected with HOXC10 expressing vector. We found that reduced expression of HOXC10 markedly impaired the ability of proliferation, invasion, and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Up-regulated expression of HOXC10 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration, and inhibited apoptosis of 143B cells. Additionally, HOXC10 regulated apoptosis and migration via modulating expression of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3, MMP-2/MMP-9, and E-cadherin in both MG63 and 143B cells and in vivo. These results indicated that HOXC10 might be a diagnostic marker for osteosarcoma and could be a potential molecular target for the therapy of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiong
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen, Tianmen, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Gang Liu
- 3 Department of Orthopaedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Liu
- 4 Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- 5 Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Homeotic and Embryonic Gene Expression in Breast Adipose Tissue and in Adipose Tissues Used as Donor Sites in Plastic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:685e-692e. [PMID: 28234838 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting has become an essential procedure in breast reconstructive surgery. However, molecular knowledge of different adipose donor sites remains inadequate. Tissue regeneration studies have shown that it is essential to match the Hox code of transplanted cells and host tissues to achieve correct repair. This study aims to provide a better molecular understanding of adipose tissue. METHODS Over the course of 1 year, the authors prospectively included 15 patients and studied seven adipose areas: chin, breast, arm, abdomen, thigh, hip, and knee. The first step consisted of the surgical harvesting of adipose tissue. RNA was then extracted and converted into cDNA to study gene expression levels of 10 targeted genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Forty samples from Caucasian women with a mean age of 48 years were studied. The expression of PAX3, a marker of neuroectodermal origin, was significantly higher in the breast, with a decreasing gradient from the upper to lower areas of the body. An inverse gradient was found for the expression of HOXC10. This expression profile was statistically significant for the areas of the thigh and knee compared with the breast (p < 0.0083). CONCLUSIONS Breast fat may have a specific embryologic origin compared with the knee and thigh. The reinjection of adipocytes from the infraumbilical area leads to the transfer of cells highly expressing HOXC10. This study raises questions about the safety of this procedure, and future studies will be required to examine molecular modifications of adipose cells transferred to a heterotopic location. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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34
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Sato K, Akimoto K. Expression Levels of KMT2C and SLC20A1 Identified by Information-theoretical Analysis Are Powerful Prognostic Biomarkers in Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:e135-e142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Labocha MK, Yuan W, Aleman-Meza B, Zhong W. A strategy to apply quantitative epistasis analysis on developmental traits. BMC Genet 2017; 18:42. [PMID: 28506208 PMCID: PMC5433158 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic interactions are keys to understand complex traits and evolution. Epistasis analysis is an effective method to map genetic interactions. Large-scale quantitative epistasis analysis has been well established for single cells. However, there is a substantial lack of such studies in multicellular organisms and their complex phenotypes such as development. Here we present a method to extend quantitative epistasis analysis to developmental traits. METHODS In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we applied RNA interference on mutants to inactivate two genes, used an imaging system to quantitatively measure phenotypes, and developed a set of statistical methods to extract genetic interactions from phenotypic measurement. RESULTS Using two different C. elegans developmental phenotypes, body length and sex ratio, as examples, we showed that this method could accommodate various metazoan phenotypes with performances comparable to those methods in single cell growth studies. Comparing with qualitative observations, this method of quantitative epistasis enabled detection of new interactions involving subtle phenotypes. For example, several sex-ratio genes were found to interact with brc-1 and brd-1, the orthologs of the human breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BARD1, respectively. We confirmed the brc-1 interactions with the following genes in DNA damage response: C34F6.1, him-3 (ortholog of HORMAD1, HORMAD2), sdc-1, and set-2 (ortholog of SETD1A, SETD1B, KMT2C, KMT2D), validating the effectiveness of our method in detecting genetic interactions. CONCLUSIONS We developed a reliable, high-throughput method for quantitative epistasis analysis of developmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Labocha
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Present address: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wang Yuan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | - Weiwei Zhong
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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36
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Discussion: Homeotic and Embryonic Gene Expression in Breast Adipose Tissue and in Adipose Tissues Used as Donor Sites in Plastic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:693e-694e. [PMID: 28234839 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Ng Y, Tan SX, Chia SY, Tan HYA, Gun SY, Sun L, Hong W, Han W. HOXC10 suppresses browning of white adipose tissues. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e292. [PMID: 28186086 PMCID: PMC5336557 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that increased thermogenesis in white adipose tissue, also known as browning, promotes energy expenditure, significant efforts have been invested to determine the molecular factors involved in this process. Here we show that HOXC10, a homeobox domain-containing transcription factor expressed in subcutaneous white adipose tissue, is a suppressor of genes involved in browning white adipose tissue. Ectopic expression of HOXC10 in adipocytes suppresses brown fat genes, whereas the depletion of HOXC10 in adipocytes and myoblasts increases the expression of brown fat genes. The protein level of HOXC10 inversely correlates with brown fat genes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of cold-exposed mice. Expression of HOXC10 in mice suppresses cold-induced browning in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and abolishes the beneficial effect of cold exposure on glucose clearance. HOXC10 exerts its effect, at least in part, by suppressing PRDM16 expression. The results support that HOXC10 is a key negative regulator of the process of browning in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ng
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi-Xiong Tan
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sook Yoong Chia
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Yim Angeline Tan
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Yee Gun
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Guo C, Hou J, Ao S, Deng X, Lyu G. HOXC10 up-regulation promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through MAPK pathway. Chin J Cancer Res 2017; 29:572-580. [PMID: 29353980 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.06.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As an important regulator of embryonic morphogenesis, homeodomain-containing gene 10 (HOXC10) has been found to promote progression of human cancers and its expression indicates poor survival outcome. However, very few studies are available on the role of HOXC10 in gastric carcinoma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of HOXC10 in gastric cancer and the potential mechanism underlying its function for cancer biology. Methods A primary gastric cancer mouse model was obtained via intra-gastric wall injection of gastric cancer cells and was used to evaluate the function of HOXC10 during gastric cancer progression in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was performed to visualize and measure HOXC10 protein expression in gastric cancer tissue. Cells were transfected with plasmids to increase the expression of HOXC10, and siRNA transfection was performed to suppress HOXC10 expression. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were utilized to measure mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, and matrigel invasion assay in vitro, respectively. Results HOXC10 expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared to matched normal tissues. HOXC10 up-regulation significantly increased tumor volumes in nude mice. Plasmid transfection significantly increased HOXC10 protein and mRNA expressions and effectively promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, HOXC10 up-regulation significantly promoted migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistic investigation showed that HOXC10 up-regulation significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling related genes, including c-myc, c-jun and p53, while also modulating the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and P38 but not their total protein levels. Conclusions This study demonstrated the tight link between HOXC10 and gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis via involvement of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Sheng Ao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Guoqing Lyu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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Bhan A, Mandal SS. Estradiol-Induced Transcriptional Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNA, HOTAIR. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1366:395-412. [PMID: 26585152 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
HOTAIR (HOX antisense intergenic RNA) is a 2.2 kb long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), transcribed from the antisense strand of homeobox C (HOXC) gene locus in chromosome 12. HOTAIR acts as a scaffolding lncRNA. It interacts and guides various chromatin-modifying complexes such as PRC2 (polycomb-repressive complex 2) and LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1) to the target gene promoters leading to their gene silencing. Various studies have demonstrated that HOTAIR overexpression is associated with breast cancer. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrate that HOTAIR is required for viability of breast cancer cells and is transcriptionally regulated by estradiol (E2) in vitro and in vivo. This chapter describes protocols for analysis of the HOTAIR promoter, cloning, transfection and dual luciferase assays, knockdown of protein synthesis by antisense oligonucleotides, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. These protocols are useful for studying the estrogen-mediated transcriptional regulation of lncRNA HOTAIR, as well as other protein coding genes and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunoday Bhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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Lai YJ, Yu D, Zhang JH, Chen GJ. Cooperation of Genomic and Rapid Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens in Synaptic Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4113-4126. [PMID: 27324789 PMCID: PMC5509832 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the changes in the molecular and cellular processes of neural circuits that occur in response to environmental experiences. Clinical and experimental studies have increasingly shown that estrogens participate in the neuroplasticity involved in cognition, behavior, and memory. It is generally accepted that estrogens exert their effects through genomic actions that occur over a period of hours to days. However, emerging evidence indicates that estrogens also rapidly influence the neural circuitry through nongenomic actions. In this review, we provide an overview of the genomic and nongenomic actions of estrogens and discuss how these actions may cooperate in synaptic plasticity. We then summarize the role of epigenetic modifications, synaptic protein synthesis, and posttranslational modifications, and the splice variants of estrogen receptors in the complicated network of estrogens. The combination of genomic and nongenomic mechanisms endows estrogens with considerable diversity in modulating neural functions including synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Deb P, Bhan A, Hussain I, Ansari KI, Bobzean SA, Pandita TK, Perrotti LI, Mandal SS. Endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol-A, induces breast cancer associated gene HOXB9 expression in vitro and in vivo. Gene 2016; 590:234-43. [PMID: 27182052 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HOXB9 is a homeobox-containing gene that plays a key role in mammary gland development and is associated with breast and other types of cancer. Here, we demonstrate that HOXB9 expression is transcriptionally regulated by estradiol (E2), in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol-A (BPA) induces HOXB9 expression in cultured human breast cancer cells (MCF7) as well as in vivo in the mammary glands of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Luciferase assay showed that estrogen-response-elements (EREs) in the HOXB9 promoter are required for BPA-induced expression. Estrogen-receptors (ERs) and ER-co-regulators such as MLL-histone methylase (MLL3), histone acetylases, CBP/P300, bind to the HOXB9 promoter EREs in the presence of BPA, modify chromatin (histone methylation and acetylation) and lead to gene activation. In summary, our results demonstrate that BPA exposure, like estradiol, increases HOXB9 expression in breast cells both in vitro and in vivo through a mechanism that involves increased recruitment of transcription and chromatin modification factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Deb
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Arunoday Bhan
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Imran Hussain
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Khairul I Ansari
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Samara A Bobzean
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Linda I Perrotti
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
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HOXA5 determines cell fate transition and impedes tumor initiation and progression in breast cancer through regulation of E-cadherin and CD24. Oncogene 2016; 35:5539-5551. [PMID: 27157614 PMCID: PMC5073039 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Loss of HOXA5 expression occurs frequently in breast cancer and correlates with higher pathological grade and poorer disease outcome. However, how HOX proteins drive differentiation in mammalian cells is poorly understood. In this paper, we investigated cellular and molecular consequences of loss of HOXA5 in breast cancer, and the role played by retinoic acid in HOXA5 function. Analysis of global gene expression data from HOXA5-depleted MCF10A breast epithelial cells, followed by validation, pointed to a role for HOXA5 in maintaining several molecular traits typical of the epithelial lineage such as cell-cell adhesion, tight junctions and markers of differentiation. Depleting HOXA5 in immortalized MCF10A or transformed MCF10A-Kras cells reduced their CD24+/CD44lo population, enhanced self-renewal capacity and reduced expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and CD24. In the case of MCF10A-Kras, HOXA5 loss increased branching and protrusive morphology in Matrigel, all features suggestive of epithelial to basal transition. Further, orthotopically implanted xenografts of MCF10A-Kras-scr grew as well-differentiated pseudo-luminal carcinomas, while MCF10A-Kras-shHOXA5 cells formed aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinomas. Conversely, ectopic expression of HOXA5 in aggressive SUM149 or SUM159 breast cancer cells reversed the cellular and molecular alterations observed in the HOXA5-depleted cells. Retinoic acid is a known upstream regulator of HOXA5 expression. HOXA5 depletion in MCF10A cells engineered to express doxycycline-induced shHOXA5 slowed transition of cells from a less differentiated CD24-/CD44+ to the more differentiated CD24+/CD44+ state. This transition was promoted by retinal treatment, which upregulated endogenous HOXA5 expression and caused re-expression of occludin and claudin-7 (CLDN7). Expression of CDH1 and CD24 was transcriptionally upregulated by direct binding of HOXA5 to their promoter sequences as demonstrated by luciferase and ChIP analyses. Thus, loss of HOXA5 in mammary cells leads to loss of epithelial traits, an increase in stemness and cell plasticity, and the acquisition of more aggressive phenotypes.
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Ferry JJ, Smith RF, Denney N, Walsh CP, McCauley L, Qian J, Ma H, Horiuchi KY, Howitz KT. Development and Use of Assay Conditions Suited to Screening for and Profiling of SET-Domain-Targeted Inhibitors of the MLL/SET1 Family of Lysine Methyltransferases. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 13:221-34. [PMID: 26065558 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of histone H3 lysine-4 (H3K4) is an important, regulatory, epigenetic post-translational modification associated with actively transcribed genes. In humans, the principal mediators of this modification are part of the MLL/SET1 family of methyltransferases, which comprises six members, MLLs1-4 and SET1A/SET1B. Aberrations in the structure, expression, and regulation of these enzymes are implicated in various disease states, making them important potential targets for drug discovery, particularly for oncology indications. The MLL/SET1 family members are most enzymatically active when part of a "core complex," the catalytic SET-domain-containing subunits bound to a subcomplex consisting of the proteins WDR5, RbBP5, Ash2L and a homodimer of DPY-30 (WRAD2). The necessity of MLL/SET1 members to bind WRAD2 for full activity is the basis of a particular drug development strategy, which seeks to disrupt the interaction between the MLL/SET1 subunits and WDR5. This strategy is not without its theoretical and practical drawbacks, some of which relate to the ease with which complexes of Escherichia coli-expressed MLL/SET1 and WRAD2 fall apart. As an alternative strategy, we explore ways to stabilize the complex, focusing on the use of an excess of WRAD2 to drive the binding equilibria toward complex formation while maintaining low concentrations of the catalytic subunits. The purpose of this approach is to seek inhibitors that bind the SET domain, an approach proven successful with the related, but inherently more stable, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Ferry
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert F Smith
- 2 Department of Protein Sciences, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalie Denney
- 2 Department of Protein Sciences, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Colin P Walsh
- 2 Department of Protein Sciences, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren McCauley
- 2 Department of Protein Sciences, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Qian
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Haiching Ma
- 2 Department of Protein Sciences, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurumi Y Horiuchi
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Konrad T Howitz
- 2 Department of Protein Sciences, Reaction Biology Corporation , Malvern, Pennsylvania
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Jin K, Sukumar S. HOX genes: Major actors in resistance to selective endocrine response modifiers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:105-10. [PMID: 26803986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Long term treatment with therapies aimed at blocking the estrogen- (ER) or androgen receptor (AR) action often leads to the development of resistance to selective modulators of the estrogen receptor (SERMs) in ERα-positive breast cancer, or of the androgen receptor (SARMs) in AR-positive prostate cancer. Many underlying molecular events that confer resistance are known, but a unifying theme is yet to be revealed. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such EGFR, ERBB2 and IGF1R are major mediators that can directly alter cellular response to the SERM, tamoxifen, but the mechanisms underlying increased expression of RTKs are not clear. A number of HOX genes and microRNAs and non-coding RNAs residing in the HOX cluster, have been identified as important independent predictors of endocrine resistant breast cancer. Recently, convincing evidence has accumulated that several members belonging to the four different HOX clusters contribute to endocrine therapy resistant breast cancer, but the mechanisms remain obscure. In this article, we have reviewed recent progress in understanding of the functioning of HOX genes and regulation of their expression by hormones. We also discuss, in particular, the contributions of several members of the HOX gene family to endocrine resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kideok Jin
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins, 720 Rutland Avenue, 617 Traylor Bldg., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging classes of regulatory RNA that play key roles in various cellular and physiological processes such as in gene regulation, chromatin dynamics, cell differentiation, and development. NcRNAs are dysregulated in a variety of human disorders including cancers, neurological disorders, and immunological disorders. The mechanisms through which ncRNAs regulate various biological processes and human diseases still remain elusive. HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a recently discovered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that plays critical role in gene regulation and chromatin dynamics, appears to be misregulated in a variety of cancers. HOTAIR interacts with key epigenetic regulators such as histone methyltransferase PRC2 and histone demethylase LSD1 and regulates gene silencing. Here, we have reviewed recent advancements in understanding the functions and regulation of HOTAIR and its association with cancer and other diseases.
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Abstract
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) family proteins methylate lysine 4 on the histone H3 tail at important regulatory regions in the genome and thereby impart crucial functions through modulating chromatin structures and DNA accessibility. Although the human KMT2 family was initially named the mixed-lineage leukaemia (MLL) family, owing to the role of the first-found member KMT2A in this disease, recent exome-sequencing studies revealed KMT2 genes to be among the most frequently mutated genes in many types of human cancers. Efforts to integrate the molecular mechanisms of KMT2 with its roles in tumorigenesis have led to the development of first-generation inhibitors of KMT2 function, which could become novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh C. Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Correspondence: , Tel: (734) 6151315, Fax: (734) 7636476
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Coradini D, Boracchi P, Oriana S, Biganzoli E, Ambrogi F. Epithelial cell identity in hyperplastic precursors of breast cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:121-9. [PMID: 25962646 PMCID: PMC4593345 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In the adult human breast, hyperplastic enlarged lobular unit (HELU) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) are two common abnormalities that frequently coexist with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). For this reason, they have been proposed as the early steps in a biological continuum toward breast cancer. Methods We investigated in silico the expression of 369 genes experimentally recognized as involved in establishing and maintaining epithelial cell identity and mammary gland remodeling, in HELUs or ADHs with respect to the corresponding patient-matched normal tissue. Results Despite the common luminal origin, HELUs and ADHs proved to be characterized by distinct gene profiles that overlap for 5 genes only. While HELUs were associated with the overexpression of progesterone receptor (PGR), ADHs were characterized by the overexpression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) coupled with the overexpression of some proliferation-associated genes. Conclusions This unexpected finding contradicts the notion that in differentiated luminal cells the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) is dissociated from cell proliferation and suggests that the establishing of an ER-dependent signaling is able to sustain cell proliferation in an autocrine manner as an early event in tumor initiation. Although clinical evidence indicates that only a fraction of HELUs and ADHs evolve to invasive cancer, present findings warn that exposure to synthetic progestins, frequently administered as hormone-replacement therapy, and estrogens, when abnormally produced by adipose cells and persistently present in the stroma surrounding the mammary gland, may cause these hyperplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Coradini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, University of Milan, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, University of Milan, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Saro Oriana
- Senology Center, Ambrosiana Clinic, Cesano Boscone, Milan, 20090, Italy.
| | - Elia Biganzoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, University of Milan, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, University of Milan, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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Bisphenol-A induces expression of HOXC6, an estrogen-regulated homeobox-containing gene associated with breast cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:697-708. [PMID: 25725483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HOXC6 is a homeobox-containing gene associated with mammary gland development and is overexpressed in variety of cancers including breast and prostate cancers. Here, we have examined the expression of HOXC6 in breast cancer tissue, investigated its transcriptional regulation via estradiol (E2) and bisphenol-A (BPA, an estrogenic endocrine disruptor) in vitro and in vivo. We observed that HOXC6 is differentially over-expressed in breast cancer tissue. E2 induces HOXC6 expression in cultured breast cancer cells and in mammary glands of Sprague Dawley rats. HOXC6 expression is also induced upon exposure to BPA both in vitro and in vivo. Estrogen-receptor-alpha (ERα) and ER-coregulators such as MLL-histone methylases are bound to the HOXC6 promoter upon exposure to E2 or BPA and that resulted in increased histone H3K4-trimethylation, histone acetylation, and recruitment of RNA polymerase II at the HOXC6 promoter. HOXC6 overexpression induces expression of tumor growth factors and facilitates growth 3D-colony formation, indicating its potential roles in tumor growth. Our studies demonstrate that HOXC6, which is a critical player in mammary gland development, is upregulated in multiple cases of breast cancer, and is transcriptionally regulated by E2 and BPA, in vitro and in vivo.
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The cancer COMPASS: navigating the functions of MLL complexes in cancer. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:178-91. [PMID: 25794446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mixed-lineage leukemia family of histone methyltransferases (MLL1-4, or KMT2A-D) were previously linked to cancer through the founding member, MLL1/KMT2A, which is often involved in translocation-associated gene fusion events in childhood leukemias. However, in recent years, a multitude of tumor exome sequencing studies have revealed that orthologues MLL3/KMT2C and MLL2/KMT2D are mutated in a significant percentage of a large variety of malignancies, particularly solid tumors. These unexpected findings necessitate a deeper inspection into the activities and functional differences between the MLL/KMT2 family members. This review provides an overview of this protein family and its relation to cancers, focusing on the recent links between MLL3/KMT2C and MLL2/4/KMT2D and their potential roles as tumor suppressors in an assortment of cell types.
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Feng X, Li T, Liu Z, Shi Y, Peng Y. HOXC10 up-regulation contributes to human thyroid cancer and indicates poor survival outcome. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:2946-54. [PMID: 26279264 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The association of HOXC10 expression with clinical characteristics and survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Feng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Shanghai General Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200080
- China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Changzheng Hospital
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200003
- China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Changzheng Hospital
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200003
- China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Changzheng Hospital
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200003
- China
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Shanghai General Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200080
- China
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