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Martinez G, Garcia C. Sexual selection and sperm diversity in primates. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110974. [PMID: 32926966 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of primate sperm physiology and reproductive behavior have been influenced by sexual selection, especially in taxa exposed to sperm competition where females mate with multiple partners. Primate sperm diversity reflects therefore the evolutionary divergences of the different primate species and the impact of a combination of variables exerting selection pressures on sperm form, function, and competition. Thereby, mating systems, life cycle or ecological variables are some of the important factors driving sperm diversity and explaining variation in terms of sperm morphology, parameters or male sexual characters. Here, we address primate sperm diversity through a compilation of all data available in the literature concerning primate sperm parameters and relationships between them. We also review the factors that can influence primate sperm diversity (e.g. mating systems, trade-off between investments in precopulatory and postcopulatory sexual traits, male and female sexual behaviors, seasonality, social constraints, testosterone levels), and discuss also their relevance to our understanding of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, UM de Génétique Chromosomique, F-38000, Grenoble, France; Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Cécile Garcia
- UMR 7206 Eco-anthropologie, CNRS - MNHN - Université de Paris, Musée de l'Homme, 75016, Paris, France.
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2
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Higbie CT, DiGeronimo PM, Bennett RA, Wakamatsu N, Baumruck RA, Stewart MA, Rademacher N, Nevarez JG, Magee AN, Langohr IM. Semen-Matrix Calculi in a Juvenile Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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3
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Gumber S, Courtney CL, Strait KR, Sharma P, Freebersyser JE, Crane MM. Retrograde ejaculation associated spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis in four rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1121-5. [PMID: 23735542 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde ejaculation (RE) has been reported in humans and animals but RE with subsequent sperm calculi has rarely been reported. This report documents clinical and pathological findings of spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis in four rhesus macaques. While this condition has been associated with repeated electroejaculation, spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis is highly unusual. The animals presented with either stranguria, dysuria, hematuria, distended abdomen or lethargy. Ultrasound examination revealed several hyperechoic masses within the lumen of the urinary bladder. The animals were euthanized due to poor prognosis or study end points. Postmortem examination revealed multiple angular, amorphous, soft to firm, pale yellow to greenish-brown and variably sized calculi in the lumen of the urinary bladder or prostatic/penile urethra. Histologically, the calculi were composed of numerous sperm embedded in abundant brightly eosinophilic matrix. Based on gross and histologic findings, RE associated sperm cystolithiasis was diagnosed, with ulcerative urethritis as the major primary apparent etiology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of four spontaneous cases of sperm cystolithiasis in rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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Beaufays F, Onclin K, Verstegen J. Retrograde ejaculation occurs in the dog, but can be prevented by pre-treatment with phenylpropanolamine: A urodynamic study. Theriogenology 2008; 70:1057-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zambelli D, Cunto M, Prati F, Merlo B. Effects of ketamine or medetomidine administration on quality of electroejaculated sperm and on sperm flow in the domestic cat. Theriogenology 2007; 68:796-803. [PMID: 17662381 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two commonly used drugs for anaesthesia in the domestic cat, ketamine and medetomidine, on features of electroejaculated semen and on sperm flow in this species were evaluated performing three experiments. This is the first study about these topics in the domestic cat. In Experiment 1, ketamine or medetomidine effects on cat sperm quality after collection by electroejaculation (E.E.) have been assessed in nine animals. Results showed that mean sperm concentration was significantly higher (p<0.01) after medetomidine than after ketamine administration. In Experiment 2, ketamine or medetomidine effects on sperm flow in 12 electroejaculated cats were studied. Mean sperm concentration and mean total number of spermatozoa resulted significantly higher (p<0.01) in medetomidine than in ketamine treated animals. The number of spermatozoa displaced in urethra was significantly higher (p<0.01) using medetomidine. No significant differences were observed in percentages of retrograde flow. In Experiment 3, ketamine or medetomidine effects on urethral sperm flow, without any stimulation for sperm collection, were evaluated. Data obtained showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) number of spermatozoa displaced in urethra after medetomidine than after ketamine injection. In conclusion, E.E. in the cat after medetomidine administration determined a higher number of spermatozoa per ejaculate than after ketamine administration, with a good pharmacological restriction and without increasing sperm retrograde flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zambelli
- Veterinary Clinical Department, Obstetrical and Gynaecological Section, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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Chandolia RK, Luetjens CM, Wistuba J, Semjonow A, Pühse G, Nieschlag E. Blockage of urine by intravesical ejaculate in cynomolgus monkeys. J Med Primatol 2007; 36:21-4. [PMID: 17359462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present communication reports intravesical semen coagulation and formation of a larger precipitate in two Cynomolgus monkeys. METHODS Ultrasound of the urinary bladder and light microscopy of intravesical coagulates. RESULTS These monkeys suffered from complete blockage of urine output and surgery was required to remove the sperm mass. Microscopic examination of the urine revealed millions of sperm as a cause of the mass and the blockage of urine output. CONCLUSIONS Retrograde ejaculation of sperm may cause coagulation of ejaculates in the bladder of the cynomolgus monkey Macaca fascicularis. However, involvement of sperm mass in blockage of urine passage has not been described in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chandolia
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine, University-Clinics, Muenster, Germany
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Schneiders A, Sonksen J, Hodges JK. Penile vibratory stimulation in the marmoset monkey: a practical alternative to electro-ejaculation, yielding ejaculates of enhanced quality. J Med Primatol 2004; 33:98-104. [PMID: 15061722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2004.00058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The availability of sufficient amounts of spermatozoa of high quality is one of the main limiting factors in reproductive research and development of reproductive technologies in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Penile vibrostimulation (PVS) has been successfully used in semen collection in the squirrel monkey but with poor success rate in the marmoset. We report here on an improved protocol for PVS with a success rate of almost 90%. Ejaculates obtained by PVS were of enhanced quality compared with those obtained by rectal probe electro-ejaculation (RPE). PVS ejaculates contained on average three to fourfold higher numbers of total and motile spermatozoa. Assessment of sperm kinematics using computer-assisted sperm analysis indicated that there are also functional differences between spermatozoa collected by PVS and RPE. Marmoset spermatozoa in samples obtained by RPE swim in a more convoluted manner compared with those obtained by PVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schneiders
- Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, Goettingen, Germany
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Martin PA, Pineda MH, Dooley MP. Xylazine does not induce retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of sexually rested boars. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. A, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLINICAL MEDICINE 2003; 50:160-3. [PMID: 12757555 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of xylazine on the retrograde flow of spermatozoa from their storage sites in the epididymides and vasa deferentia into the urinary bladder of sexually rested boars was examined. The bladder of four boars was evacuated through a surgically implanted urinary catheter and the urine was examined for the presence of spermatozoa. Boars were then given an injection of 2.2 mg of xylazine per kilogram of body weight and, immediately thereafter, 500 ml of saline was infused into the urinary bladder. Approximately 50 ml of the post-treatment mixture of urine and saline, referred to as 'urine', was collected through the catheter at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 min after the injection of xylazine, and examined immediately for the presence and motility of spermatozoa. At 60 min, the urinary bladder was evacuated and the remaining 'urine' was examined for the presence and motility of spermatozoa. None of the pre-xylazine urine and post-xylazine fractions of 'urine' had motile spermatozoa and xylazine did not increase (P > 0.1) the concentration and the number of spermatozoa in the post-treatment 'urine'. Thus, in contrast to other species, xylazine does not induce retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
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Root MV, Johnston SD, Olson PN. Concurrent retrograde ejaculation and hypothyroidism in a dog: Case report. Theriogenology 1994; 41:593-600. [PMID: 16727415 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(94)90170-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/1992] [Accepted: 10/25/1993] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retrograde ejaculation and hypothyroidism were diagnosed in a 19-mo-old Labrador retriever. The retrograde ejaculation was reversed following the administration of the sympathomimetic agent, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, at a dose of 4 mg/kg per os given 1 and 3 h before semen collection. Antegrade ejaculation failed to occur after normalization of serum thyroid hormone levels by thyroxine supplementation. The pathophysiology of retrograde ejaculation is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Root
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Martin PA, Dooley MP, Hembrough FB, Pineda MH. Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of boars during collection of semen by electroejaculation. Theriogenology 1994; 41:869-77. [PMID: 16727440 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(94)90502-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/1993] [Accepted: 11/19/1993] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Boars that had a catheter implanted in the urinary bladder (n = 11) were used to determine the magnitude of retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder during electroejaculation. The overall mean (+/- SD) number of spermatozoa in the electroejaculate of boars was 22 +/- 20 x 10(9), with a mean range for individual boars of 3 +/- 3 to 48 +/- 13 x 10(9). The overall mean adjusted total number of spermatozoa in the post-electroejaculation urine was 1.038 +/- 2.656 x 10(9), and the mean percentage of retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder among boars ranged from 0% to 32.69%, with an overall mean percentage of retrograde flow of 7.51 +/- 17.82%. These findings indicate that in boars electroejaculation is associated with retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Martin
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Martin PA, Dooley MP, Hembrough FB, Pineda MH. Urinary losses of spermatozoa during ejaculation are negligible in boars. Theriogenology 1993; 39:945-64. [PMID: 16727267 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(93)90432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/1992] [Accepted: 10/15/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Boars that had a catheter implanted surgically in the urinary bladder (n = 10) were used to determine the magnitude of retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder during ejaculation (Experiments 1 and 2) and the post-ejaculatory retention of spermatozoa in the urethra (Experiment 2). The overall mean (+/- SD) total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculates of boars used in Experiments 1 and 2 was 62 +/- 25 x 10(9) and 65 +/- 33 x 10(9), respectively. The overall mean adjusted total number of spermatozoa in the post-ejaculation urine of boars was 106 +/- 537 x 10(6) in Experiment 1, and 41 +/- 242 x 10(6) in Experiment 2. The overall mean percentage of retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder was 0.15 +/- 0.78% for the boars used in Experiment 1, and 0.03 +/- 0.16% for boars used in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, the overall mean percentage of urethral loss of spermatozoa was 0.45 +/- 1.02%, and the overall mean percentage of total urinary losses was 0.48 +/- 1.03%. These findings demonstrate that in boars, in contrast to bulls, rams, dogs, and cats, urinary losses of spermatozoa during ejaculation are negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Martin
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1250 USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1250 USA
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The relative distribution of viable sperm in the antegrade and retrograde portions of ejaculates obtained after electrostimulation*†*Supported by the Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center of the Delaware Valley and the National Institute for Disability Research and Rehabilitation, grant no. G008535135, Washington, D.C.†Presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Andrology, Columbia, South Carolina, April 6 to 9, 1990. Fertil Steril 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Thomson JA, Iliff-Sizemore SA, Gliessman PM, Wolf DP. Collection and fertilization potential of sperm from the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra). Am J Primatol 1992; 28:289-297. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350280407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1991] [Revised: 07/04/1992] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schaffer N, Jeyendran RS, Beehler B. Improved sperm collection from the lowland gorilla: Recovery of sperm from bladder and urethra following electroejaculation. Am J Primatol 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350240312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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