1
|
王 新, 白 烨, 于 文, 谢 林, 李 诗, 江 果, 李 鸿, 张 本. [New Progress in Longitudinal Research on the Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:490-500. [PMID: 38645861 PMCID: PMC11026901 DOI: 10.12182/20240360508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is a common disease of the digestive system. The risk factors for cholelithiasis have been reported and summarized many times in the published literature, which primarily focused on cross-sectional studies. Due to the inherent limitations of the study design, the reported findings still need to be validated in additional longitudinal studies. Moreover, a number of new risk factors for cholelithiasis have been identified in recent years, such as bariatric surgery, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, kidney stones, colectomy, osteoporosis, etc. These new findings have not yet been included in published reviews. Herein, we reviewed the 101 cholelithiasis-associated risk factors identified through research based on longitudinal investigations, including cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and nested case control studies. The risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis were categorized as unmodifiable and modifiable factors. The unmodifiable factors consist of age, sex, race, and family history, while the modifiable factors include 37 biological environmental factors, 25 socioenvironmental factors, and 35 physiochemical environmental factors. This study provides thorough and comprehensive ideas for research concerning the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis, supplying the basis for identifying high-risk groups and formulating relevant prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 新 王
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 烨 白
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 文倩 于
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 林君 谢
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 诗懿 李
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 果恒 江
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 鸿钰 李
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 本 张
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdallah H, Khalil M, Farella I, JohnBritto JS, Lanza E, Santoro S, Garruti G, Portincasa P, Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L. Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14029. [PMID: 37203871 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ramadan is a model of intermittent fasting linked with possible beneficial effects. Scarce information, however, is available about the combined effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on anthropometric and metabolic indices, gastrointestinal symptoms, and motility. METHODS In 21 healthy Muslims, we assessed the impact of RIF on caloric intake, physical activity, gastrointestinal symptoms and motility (gastric/gallbladder emptying by ultrasonography, orocaecal transit time by lactulose breath test), anthropometric indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness (ultrasonography), glucose and lipid homeostasis. RESULTS Mean caloric intake decreased from a median of 2069 kcal (range 1677-2641) before Ramadan to 1798 kcal (1289-3126) during Ramadan and increased again to 2000 kcal (1309-3485) after Ramadan. Although physical activity remained stable before, during, and after RIF, body weight, body mass index and waist circumference decreased in all subjects and in both genders, together with a significant decrease in subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness and insulin resistance. The postprandial gastric emptying speed was significantly faster after than before RIF. Fasting gallbladder volume was about 6% smaller after, than before Ramadan, with a stronger and faster postprandial gallbladder contraction. After RIF, lactulose breath test documented increased microbiota carbohydrate fermentation (postprandial H2 peak), and faster orocaecal transit time. RIF also significantly improved gastric fullness, epigastric pain and heartburn. CONCLUSIONS RIF generates, in healthy subjects, multiple systemic beneficial effects in terms of fat burden, metabolic profile, gastrointestinal motility and symptoms. Further comprehensive studies should assess the potential beneficial effects of RIF in diseased people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Abdallah
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Jerlin Stephy JohnBritto
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Lanza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Santoro
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu Z, Qian P, Chang J, He X, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhang T, Wu J. Multi-omics analysis explores the effect of chronic exercise on liver metabolic reprogramming in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1199902. [PMID: 37408533 PMCID: PMC10318136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1199902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of exercise on human metabolism is obvious. However, the effect of chronic exercise on liver metabolism in mice is less well described. Methods: The healthy adult mice running for 6 weeks as exercise model and sedentary mice as control were used to perform transcriptomic, proteomic, acetyl-proteomics, and metabolomics analysis. In addition, correlation analysis between transcriptome and proteome, and proteome and metabolome was conducted as well. Results: In total, 88 mRNAs and 25 proteins were differentially regulated by chronic exercise. In particular, two proteins (Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14) showed consistent trends (upregulated) at transcription and protein levels. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 are mainly involved in fatty acid degradation, retinol metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway. For acetyl-proteomics analysis, 185 differentially acetylated proteins and 207 differentially acetylated sites were identified. Then, 693 metabolites in positive mode and 537 metabolites in negative mode were identified, which were involved in metabolic pathways such as fatty acid metabolism, citrate cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: Based on the results of transcriptomic, proteomics, acetyl-proteomics and metabolomics analysis, chronic moderate intensity exercise has certain effects on liver metabolism and protein synthesis in mice. Chronic moderate intensity exercise may participate in liver energy metabolism by influencing the expression of Cyp4a14, Cyp4a10, arachidonic acid and acetyl coenzyme A and regulating fatty acid degradation, arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acyl metabolism and subsequent acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Lu
- Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chang
- Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejia He
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Experimental Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Unalp-Arida A, Ruhl CE. Increasing gallstone disease prevalence and associations with gallbladder and biliary tract mortality in the US. Hepatology 2023; 77:1882-1895. [PMID: 36631004 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We examined gallbladder and biliary tract mortality predictors in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988-1994, with 31 years of linked mortality data, and gallstone disease prevalence trends and associations in NHANES 2017-March 2020 prepandemic data. APPROACH AND RESULTS In NHANES 1988-1994, 18,794 participants were passively followed for mortality, identified by death certificate underlying or contributing causes, by linkage to the National Death Index through 2019. In NHANES 2017-March 2020, gallstone disease history was ascertained from 9232 adults. During NHANES 1988-2019 follow-up (median, 23.3 y), 8580 deaths occurred from all causes and 72 deaths with gallbladder or biliary tract disease. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, older age, male sex, prediabetes or diabetes, and physical inactivity were associated with gallbladder and biliary tract mortality, and non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American race-ethnicity were inversely associated. Between 1988-1994 and 2017-March 2020, gallstone disease prevalence increased from 7.4% to 13.9% and gallbladder surgery from 6.0% to 11.6%. In 2017-March 2020 in multivariable-adjusted analysis, female sex, diabetes, liver disease, proton pump inhibitors, abdominal pain, increased age, BMI, and liver stiffness were associated with gallstone disease, and non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic Asian race and alcohol were inversely associated. CONCLUSIONS In the US population, gallstone disease prevalence doubled over 3 decades, possibly because of the worsening of metabolic risk factors and growth of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallbladder and biliary tract mortality and gallstone disease associations included factors such as prediabetes or diabetes, liver stiffness and proton pump inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Unalp-Arida
- Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Ciaula A, Calamita G, Shanmugam H, Khalil M, Bonfrate L, Wang DQH, Baffy G, Portincasa P. Mitochondria Matter: Systemic Aspects of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Diagnostic Assessment of Liver Function by Stable Isotope Dynamic Breath Tests. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7702. [PMID: 34299321 PMCID: PMC8305940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in systemic metabolic processes, which include detoxification, synthesis, storage, and export of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The raising trends of obesity and metabolic disorders worldwide is often associated with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has become the most frequent type of chronic liver disorder with risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver mitochondria play a key role in degrading the pathways of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and xenobiotics, and to provide energy for the body cells. The morphological and functional integrity of mitochondria guarantee the proper functioning of β-oxidation of free fatty acids and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Evaluation of the liver in clinical medicine needs to be accurate in NAFLD patients and includes history, physical exam, imaging, and laboratory assays. Evaluation of mitochondrial function in chronic liver disease and NAFLD is now possible by novel diagnostic tools. "Dynamic" liver function tests include the breath test (BT) based on the use of substrates marked with the non-radioactive, naturally occurring stable isotope 13C. Hepatocellular metabolization of the substrate will generate 13CO2, which is excreted in breath and measured by mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. Breath levels of 13CO2 are biomarkers of specific metabolic processes occurring in the hepatocyte cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. 13C-BTs explore distinct chronic liver diseases including simple liver steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, drug, and alcohol effects. In NAFLD, 13C-BT use substrates such as α-ketoisocaproic acid, methionine, and octanoic acid to assess mitochondrial oxidation capacity which can be impaired at an early stage of disease. 13C-BTs represent an indirect, cost-effective, and easy method to evaluate dynamic liver function. Further applications are expected in clinical medicine. In this review, we discuss the involvement of liver mitochondria in the progression of NAFLD, together with the role of 13C-BT in assessing mitochondrial function and its potential use in the prevention and management of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|