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Vanzella-Yang A, Vergunst F, Domond P, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Bégin V, Côté S. Childhood behavioral problems are associated with the intergenerational transmission of low education: a 16-year population-based study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:595-603. [PMID: 36932229 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The intergenerational transmission of low educational attainment is well-documented, but little is known about how behavioral problems in childhood explain this association. Drawing upon a population-based cohort study (n = 3020) linked to administrative records, we investigated the extent to which inattentive, internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behaviors at child ages 6-8 years accounted for associations between parental education and child's risk of failing to graduate from high school. We adjusted for economic, demographic, cognitive, and perinatal factors, as well as parental mental health. Using logistic regressions and the Karlson-Holm-Breen decomposition method, we found that childhood behaviors together explained 19.5% of the association between mother's education and child's high school graduation status at age 22/23, and 13.7% of the association between father's education and this same outcome. Inattentive behaviors were most strongly associated with failure to graduate from high school, while the role of other behaviors was modest or negligible. Inattentive behaviors may represent a mediational pathway between parental education and child education. Early interventions targeting inattentive behaviors could potentially enhance the prospects of intergenerational educational mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Vanzella-Yang
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Francis Vergunst
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pascale Domond
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Bégin
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
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Cluver L, Jochim J, Mapukata Y, Wittesaele C, Shenderovich Y, Mafuya S, Steventon Roberts K, Banougnin B, Sherr L, Toska E. Associations of formal childcare use with health and human capital development for adolescent mothers and their children in South Africa: A cross-sectional study. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13138. [PMID: 37287209 PMCID: PMC10952304 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate associations of formal childcare with maternal and child outcomes in a large sample of adolescent mothers. BACKGROUND Forty percent of adolescent girls in Africa are mothers. Increasing evidence shows positive impacts of formal childcare use for adult women, but no known studies in the Global South examine associations for adolescent mothers and their children. METHODS We interviewed 1046 adolescent mothers and completed developmental assessments with their children (n = 1139) in South Africa's Eastern Cape between 2017 and 2019. Questionnaires measured childcare use, maternal and child outcomes and socio-demographic background variables. Using cross-sectional data, associations between formal childcare use and outcomes were estimated in multivariate multi-level analyses that accounted for individual-level and family-level clustering. RESULTS Childcare use was associated with higher odds of being in education or employment (AOR: 4.01, 95% CIs: 2.59-6.21, p < .001), grade promotion (AOR: 2.08, 95% CIs: 1.42-3.05, p < .001) and positive future ideation (AOR: 1.58, 95% CIs: 1.01-2.49, p = .047) but no differences in mental health. Childcare use was also associated with better parenting on all measures: positive parenting (AOR: 1.66, 95% CIs: 1.16-2.38, p = .006), better parental limit-setting (AOR: 2.00, 95% CIs: 1.37-2.93, p < .001) and better positive discipline (AOR: 1.77, 95% CIs: 1.21-2.59, p = .003). For the children, there were no differences in temperament or illness, but a significant interaction showed stronger associations between childcare use and better cognitive, language and motor scores with increasing child age (AOR: 5.04, 95% CIs: 1.59-15.96, p = .006). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent mothers might benefit substantially from formal childcare, but causal links need to be explored further. Childcare use was also associated with improved parenting and better child development over time, suggesting positive pathways for children. At an average of $9 per month, childcare provisions for adolescent mothers may offer low-cost opportunities to achieve high returns on health and human capital outcomes in Sub-Saharan African contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Cluver
- Department of Social Policy and InterventionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Janina Jochim
- Department of Social Policy and InterventionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Camille Wittesaele
- Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Yulia Shenderovich
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthUniversity of CardiffCardiffUK
- Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Kathryn Steventon Roberts
- Department of Social Policy and InterventionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Institute for Global HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bolade Banougnin
- Centre for Social Science ResearchUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Lorraine Sherr
- Institute for Global HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elona Toska
- Centre for Social Science ResearchUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of SociologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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Losier T, Orri M, Boivin M, Larose S, Japel C, Tremblay RE, Côté SM. The Associations Between Child-Care Services During the Preschool Years and High School Graduation: A 20-Year Longitudinal Population-Based Study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:206-215. [PMID: 34740215 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Together with family factors, early care and education (ECE) services were shown to improve school readiness in kindergarten. However, it is not clear whether better school readiness at age 6 years translates into higher rates of high school graduation years later. Our objective was therefore to investigate the long-term associations between the use of ECE and high school graduation while considering the sex of the child and the socioeconomic status of the parents as moderators. METHODS Participants were children from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Child Development (QLSCD) born in 1997 to 1998 (N = 2001). Intensity and type of ECE exposure were measured from age 5 months to 5 years. Administrative records were used to determine whether students had obtained a high school diploma by age 20 years. Factors explaining differences in the profiles of ECE users were controlled using propensity score weights. RESULTS Twenty-two percent of students did not have a high school diploma by age 20 years. Compared with children never exposed to center-based care, those exposed early (i.e., before toddlerhood) had better odds of graduating from high school (odds ratio = 1.49) after controlling for confounding factors. Late exposure to center-based care was not related to high school graduation rates. CONCLUSION Exposure to regulated and center-based ECE on a regular basis from toddlerhood to school entry was associated with higher rates of high school graduation. Regulated center-based ECE at the population level may improve rates of high school graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Losier
- Université de Montréal; Research Group on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP) and Ste-Justine's Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- Université de Montréal; Research Group on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP) and Ste-Justine's Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Larose
- Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christa Japel
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Université de Montréal; Research Group on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP) and Ste-Justine's Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Université de Montréal; Research Group on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP) and Ste-Justine's Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Bustamante AS, Dearing E, Zachrisson HD, Vandell DL. Adult outcomes of sustained high‐quality early child care and education: Do they vary by family income? Child Dev 2021; 93:502-523. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Dearing
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development Boston College Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA
| | - Henrik Daae Zachrisson
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development Boston College Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA
- Department of Special Needs Education University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Orri M, Boivin M, Chen C, Ahun MN, Geoffroy MC, Ouellet-Morin I, Tremblay RE, Côté SM. Cohort Profile: Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:883-894. [PMID: 33185737 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) was designed to examine the long-term associations of preschool physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development with biopsychosocial development across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. METHODS QLSCD is an ongoing prospective cohort including 2120 singletons born in 1997/1998 in the Canadian province of Quebec. So far, data have been collected annually or every 2 years from child ages 5 months to 21 years. The cohort currently includes 1245 participants. Data available include a range of environmental (e.g., family characteristics, child behaviour, educational attainment, mental health), biological (e.g., hair cortisol, genetic, epigenetic), and administrative data. RESULTS QLSCD has contributed to the understanding of children's psychosocial development, including the development of physical aggression and anxiety. QLSCD articles have advanced scientific knowledge on the influence of early childhood factors on childhood, adolescent, and young adult mental health, including the effect of participation in early childcare on cognitive and behavioural development, the developmental origins of adolescent and young adult mental health problems and suicide risk, and the development of interpersonal difficulties (e.g., peer victimisation) from preschool years to adolescence. CONCLUSION QLSCD has given major contributions to our understanding of the link between different aspects of child development and biopsychosocial development during the first two decades of life. Unique features include the presence of environmental, biological, and administrative data, long-term follow-up with frequent data collections, and use of data from multiple informants, including teachers, mothers, fathers, and the children themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Department, Montreal, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Frank B. Common Pavilion, F-2101 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Chelsea Chen
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyn N Ahun
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 3050 Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Department, Montreal, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Frank B. Common Pavilion, F-2101 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Education and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 3050 Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J7, Canada.
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Iruka IU. High-Quality Child Care as an Effective Antipoverty Strategy: Emerging Evidence From Canada. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-0483. [PMID: 32527750 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iheoma U Iruka
- HighScope Educational Research Foundation, Ypsilanti, Michigan
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