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Quality of Life of Pediatric Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 2022; 41:246-255. [PMID: 35905426 DOI: 10.1097/dcc.0000000000000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a public health emergency, the psychological stress of nursing staff should be assessed, and nurses who cared for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were constantly under pressure. Currently, frontline health care workers are experiencing mental health issues. The personal quality of life is directly related to the working environment, especially at this moment, when nursing could be a highly stressful and emotionally draining job. OBJECTIVES During the COVID-19 pandemic, the primary objectives of the study were to describe the quality of life, posttraumatic stress disorder, and self-efficacy and to identify any associated factors of pediatric critical care nurses. This study is a multicenter cross-sectional study. METHODS Data were collected between February and May 2021 from pediatric critical care nurses. The following instruments were used: the Nursing Quality of Life Scale, the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Impact of Event Scale. RESULTS One hundred twelve nurses participated in this study with a 40% of response rate. Data suggest a better global perception of quality of life by male subjects (F = 6.65, P = .011). The nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients reported a lower quality of social life (F = 4.09, P = .045); furthermore, the nurses who had clinically vulnerable people in their families reported a worse quality of physical life (F = 4.37, P = .045). Approximately 50% of nurses reported sleep disturbances, and 37% reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, especially female nurses (F = 8.55, P = .04). CONCLUSION According to this study, female nurses were more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, findings also highlighted a lower quality of social life for those with clinically vulnerable relatives may be due to a self-limitation of interactions with other people. Finally, sleep disturbances were prevalent, potentially affecting nurses' mental health and performance.
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Carballal-Mariño M, Balaguer-Martínez JV, García-Vera C, Morillo-Gutierrez B, Domínguez-Aurrecoechea B, Jimenez-Alés R, Gallego-Iborra A, Cañavate-González C, Ciriza-Barea E. [COVID-19 clinical features in primary care: COVIDPAP study]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022; 97:48-58. [PMID: 35528704 PMCID: PMC9057975 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In Spain, the tools to diagnose COVID-19 were available in primary care from May 2020. Previously most studies described inpatients, and fever and cough were the most frequent symptoms. This study aims to define the clinical picture of the pediatric COVID-19 in the community. Methods A descriptive and analytical observational study was performed including pediatric cases (0-14y) from 255 pediatricians, proportionally distributed to its population, from primary health centers in Spain, from 12th May 2020 to 30th April 2021. Diagnostics were made by PCR detection of viral RNA, rapid antigen detection test or positive IgG serology. Results There were 10,021 positive children included, 48.4% women, mean age 8,04 ± 4.17 years. Infection was detected due to contact tracing (70.9%), compatible symptoms (18.8%). Household was the main source of transmission (64.9%), followed by school setting (10%) or unknown (9.9%). We did not find any significant differences in the incidence between holidays and school terms. 43.2% of the children were asymptomatic. Most frequent symptoms are rhinorrhea in < 2 y, fever in 3-8 y and headache in > 9 y. An exhaustive description of objective and subjective symptoms by age is made. 18 patients were hospitalized, one with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. There were no deaths. Conclusions Pediatric COVID-19 is a mild disease, with a large number of asymptomatic cases, with very few hospital admissions and deaths. The main setting for transmission is the household, and school closures should be a last resource measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. A specific clinical picture of pediatric COVID-19 was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César García-Vera
- Centro de Atención Primaria «Jose Ramón Muñoz Fernández», Zaragoza, España
| | | | | | | | - Ana Gallego-Iborra
- Unidad de Atención Temprana, Distrito Sanitario Málaga-Guadalhorce, Málaga, España
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Carballal-Mariño M, Balaguer-Martínez JV, García-Vera C, Morillo-Gutierrez B, Domínguez-Aurrecoechea B, Jimenez-Alés R, Gallego-Iborra A, Cañavate-González C, Ciriza-Barea E. COVID-19 clinical features in primary care: COVIDPAP study. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022; 97:48-58. [PMID: 35725821 PMCID: PMC9197823 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Spain, the tools to diagnose COVID-19 were available in primary care from May 2020. Previously most studies described inpatients or patients in A&E departments, and fever and cough were the most frequent symptoms. This study aims to define the clinical picture of the pediatric COVID-19 in the community. METHODS A descriptive and analytical observational study was performed including pediatric cases (0-14years) from 255 pediatricians, proportionally distributed to its population, from primary health centers in Spain, from 12th May 2020 to 30th April 2021. Diagnostics were made by PCR detection of viral RNA, rapid antigen detection test or positive IgG serology. RESULTS There were 10,021 positive children included, 48.4% women, mean age 8,04±4.17years. Infection was detected due to contact tracing (70.9%), compatible symptoms (18.8%). Household was the main source of transmission (64.9%), followed by school setting (10%) or unknown (9.9%). We did not find any significant differences in the incidence between holidays and school terms. 43.2% of the children were asymptomatic. Most frequent symptoms are rhinorrhea in <2years, fever in 3-8years and headache in >9years. An exhaustive description of objective and subjective symptoms by age is made. 18 patients were hospitalized, one with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS pediatric COVID-19 is a mild disease, with a large number of asymptomatic cases, with very few hospital admissions and deaths. The main setting for transmission is the household, and school closures should be a last resource measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. A specific clinical picture of pediatric COVID-19 was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César García-Vera
- Centro de Atención Primaria "Jose Ramón Muñoz Fernández", Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ana Gallego-Iborra
- Unidad de Atención Temprana, Distrito Sanitario Málaga-Guadalhorce, Málaga, Spain
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García-Vera C, Castejón-Ramírez S, Laín Miranda E, Hernández Abadía R, García Ventura M, Borque Navarro E, Rubio Sánchez P, Baeta Ruiz Á, Mengual Gil JM. COVID-19 in children: clinical and epidemiological spectrum in the community. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:1235-1242. [PMID: 34406504 PMCID: PMC8371417 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most publications on pediatric COVID-19 in Spain were performed at the beginning of the pandemic when some diagnostic tools were not widely available. This study aims to show the real spectrum of the infection based on wide detection of cases due to symptoms and contact tracing. A descriptive and analytical observational study was performed including pediatric cases (0 to 14 years) from the region of Aragón between May 12 and October 31, 2020. Diagnostics was by PCR detection of viral RNA, rapid antigen detection test, or positive IgG serology. There were 5933 positive children included. Of them, 49.03% were women. The mean age was 7.53 ± 4.28 years. The source of infection could not be determined in 17.8% of cases. As for the rest, was determined to be within the family environment in 67.8%. The percentage of asymptomatic patients was 50.3%. Among symptomatic patients, fever (58.1%) and cough (46.7%) were the most frequent symptoms. Hospitalization was required in 0.52% of infected, intensive care unit admission was on 0.05%, and there was one death (0.02%). Children under the age of one presented some symptoms more frequently (71.6% vs 48.5%; OR 2.68; 95% CI 2.08 to 3.45; p < 0.001) and required more hospitalizations (3.9% vs 0.34%; OR 11.52; 95% CI 5.65 to 23.52; p < 0.001).Conclusion: In our environment, SARS-CoV-2 infection is like other mild respiratory viral infections in the population under the age of 15. The contagion occurs mainly in the family environment, the number of asymptomatic is high, being the symptoms mild and the complications very infrequent. What is Known: • Pediatric infection produced by SARS-CoV-2 has manifested as a mild disease in relation to adult age, although with higher affectation at the youngest ages. • Nearly all studies on epidemiology and clinical spectrum of the disease were conducted with patients diagnosed at the beginning of the pandemic. By then, diagnostic tools were only available in hospitals and in emergency units. What is New: • Once diagnostic means were available in primary care medicine and were used not only for the diagnosis of clinical symptoms of the patient, but for the tracing of case contacts, a much more precise approach to the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of the disease was allowed, as described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- César García-Vera
- Primary Health Care Center “José Ramón Muñoz Fernández”, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Elena Laín Miranda
- Public Health Technician in the Health Region II of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sumner MW, Kanngiesser A, Lotfali-Khani K, Lodha N, Lorenzetti D, Funk AL, Freedman SB. Severe Outcomes Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:916655. [PMID: 35757137 PMCID: PMC9218576 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.916655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected children experiencing hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, severe outcomes, and death. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, and MedRxiv were searched for studies published between December 1, 2019 and May 28, 2021. References of relevant systematic reviews were also screened. STUDY SELECTION We included cohort or cross-sectional studies reporting on at least one outcome measure (i.e., hospitalization, ICU admission, severe outcomes, death) for ≥100 children ≤21 years old within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 positivity; no language restrictions were applied. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Estimates were pooled using random effects models. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Percentage of SARS-CoV-2 positive children experiencing hospitalization, ICU admission, severe outcome, and death. RESULTS 118 studies representing 3,324,851 SARS-CoV-2 infected children from 68 countries were included. Community-based studies (N = 48) reported that 3.3% (95%CI: 2.7-4.0%) of children were hospitalized, 0.3% (95%CI: 0.2-0.6%) were admitted to the ICU, 0.1% (95%CI: 0.0-2.2%) experienced a "severe" outcome and 0.02% (95%CI: 0.001-0.05%) died. Hospital-based screening studies (N = 39) reported that 23.9% (95%CI: 19.0-29.2%) of children were hospitalized, 2.9% (95%CI: 2.1-3.8%) were admitted to the ICU, 1.3% (95%CI: 0.5-2.3%) experienced a severe outcome, and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.02-0.5%) died. Studies of hospitalized children (N = 31) reported that 10.1% (95%CI: 6.1-14.9%) of children required ICU admission, 4.2% (95%CI: 0.0-13.8%) had a severe outcome and 1.1% (95%CI: 0.2-2.3%) died. Low risk of bias studies, those from high-income countries, and those reporting outcomes later in the pandemic presented lower estimates. However, studies reporting outcomes after May 31, 2020, compared to earlier publications, had higher proportions of hospitalized patients requiring ICU admission and experiencing severe outcomes. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Among children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 3.3% were hospitalized, with rates being higher early in the pandemic. Severe outcomes, ICU admission and death were uncommon, however estimates vary by study population, pandemic timing, study risk of bias, and economic status of the country. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, identifier [CRD42021260164].
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine W Sumner
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia Kanngiesser
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kosar Lotfali-Khani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nidhi Lodha
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Diane Lorenzetti
- Health Sciences Library and Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna L Funk
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen B Freedman
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Luxi N, Giovanazzi A, Capuano A, Crisafulli S, Cutroneo PM, Fantini MP, Ferrajolo C, Moretti U, Poluzzi E, Raschi E, Ravaldi C, Reno C, Tuccori M, Vannacci A, Zanoni G, Trifirò G. COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy, Paediatrics, Immunocompromised Patients, and Persons with History of Allergy or Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Overview of Current Recommendations and Pre- and Post-Marketing Evidence for Vaccine Efficacy and Safety. Drug Saf 2021; 44:1247-1269. [PMID: 34739716 PMCID: PMC8569292 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-021-01131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, four vaccines have been authorised for emergency use and under conditional approval by the European Medicines Agency to prevent COVID-19: Comirnaty, COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, Spikevax (previously COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna) and Vaxzevria (previously COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca). Although the benefit-risk profile of these vaccines was proven to be largely favourable in the general population, evidence in special cohorts initially excluded from the pivotal trials, such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, children/adolescents, immunocompromised people and persons with a history of allergy or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, is still limited. In this narrative review, we critically overview pre- and post-marketing evidence on the potential benefits and risks of marketed COVID-19 vaccines in the above-mentioned special cohorts. In addition, we summarise the recommendations of the scientific societies and regulatory agencies about COVID-19 primary prevention in the same vaccinee categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Luxi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Alexia Giovanazzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Maria Cutroneo
- Sicilian Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Ferrajolo
- Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Moretti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Poluzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuel Raschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Ravaldi
- PeaRL-Perinatal Research Laboratory, NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence and CiaoLapo Foundation for Perinatal Health, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Reno
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Tuccori
- Unit of Adverse Drug Reactions Monitoring, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Vannacci
- PeaRL-Perinatal Research Laboratory, NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence and CiaoLapo Foundation for Perinatal Health, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Trifirò
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Esposito S, Marchetti F, Lanari M, Caramelli F, De Fanti A, Vergine G, Iughetti L, Fornaro M, Suppiej A, Zona S, Pession A, Biasucci G. COVID-19 Management in the Pediatric Age: Consensus Document of the COVID-19 Working Group in Paediatrics of the Emilia-Romagna Region (RE-CO-Ped), Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3919. [PMID: 33917940 PMCID: PMC8068343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread, becoming the first pandemic of the 21st century by number of deaths (over 2,000,000 worldwide). Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents remain unclear, and optimal treatment has not yet been defined. Therefore, our goal was to develop a consensus document, practically synthesizing the accumulated data and clinical experience of our expert group. Literature research was carried out using the keywords "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" and "children" or "pediatrics" and "prevention" or "diagnosis" or "MIS-C" or "treatment" in electronic databases (MEDLINE, PUBMED), existing guidelines and gray literature. The fact that the majority of the problems posed by SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric age do not need hospital care and that, therefore, infected children and adolescents can be managed at home highlights the need for a strengthening of territorial pediatric structures. The sharing of hospitalization and therapeutic management criteria for severe cases between professionals is essential to ensure a fair approach based on the best available knowledge. Moreover, the activity of social and health professionals must also include the description, management and limitation of psychophysical-relational damage resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the health of children and adolescents, whether or not affected by COVID-19. Due to the characteristics of COVID-19 pathology in pediatric age, the importance of strengthening the network between hospital and territorial pediatrics, school, educational, social and family personnel both for strictly clinical management and for the reduction in discomfort, with priority in children of more frail families, represents a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Marchetti
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Ravenna Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy;
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fabio Caramelli
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessandro De Fanti
- Paediatrics Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | | | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Fornaro
- Paediatrics Unit, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
| | - Agnese Suppiej
- Paediatric Clinic, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | | | - Andrea Pession
- Paediatric Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
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