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Greve KT, Foster TL, Pancoast R, Yarber C, Adams H, Patel R. Change in BMI in Children Over the First 30 Months After the Start of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:902-913. [PMID: 37840288 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231204481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Our study aim was to assess body mass index (BMI) change in children in the immediate 6 months of the pandemic, to follow longitudinal BMI change up to 30 months after the pandemic start, and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with these changes. Our study included a retrospective chart review of 1298 children 2 to 18 years old with office visits at an Indianapolis primary care clinic. Body mass index and sociodemographic information were collected at visits during 3 time periods: Prepandemic (March 1, 2019-February 28, 2020), Early Pandemic (June 1, 2020-November 30, 2020), and Late Pandemic (December 1, 2020-September 30, 2022). Data analysis indicated statistically significant increases in BMI monthly rate of change from Prepandemic to Early Pandemic periods. Interestingly, BMI rate of change stabilized from Early Pandemic to Late Pandemic periods but remained positive, suggesting children had slower, but persistent, continued BMI increase after the pandemic initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherynne T Greve
- Peyton Manning Children's Hospital at Ascension St. Vincent, Ascension, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Ascension St. Vincent Hospital-Indianapolis, Ascension, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Todd L Foster
- Ascension St. Vincent Hospital-Indianapolis, Ascension, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rayanne Pancoast
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Courtney Yarber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heather Adams
- Adams Statistics & Risk Consulting, LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rita Patel
- Peyton Manning Children's Hospital at Ascension St. Vincent, Ascension, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Ascension St. Vincent Hospital-Indianapolis, Ascension, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ganta A, Warnick J, Has P, Serrano-Gonzalez M, Fredette ME, Topor LS. Change in Body Mass Index in Youth in the First 5 Years After Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis. Endocr Pract 2024:S1530-891X(24)00511-1. [PMID: 38723891 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine body mass index (BMI) trajectories in American youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) over the first 5 years following diagnosis. METHODS Retrospective record review of BMI trajectories in youth with T1D diagnosed in 2015 to 2016. RESULTS Near the time of diabetes diagnosis, 35.5% of youth had BMIs in the overweight/obesity range. These rates increased over time (P < .001), with 52.8% having overweight/obesity 5 years after diagnosis. Average age when BMI rose from healthy to overweight/obese or overweight to obese (rise group) was at 12.7 years, occurring 2.5 years after diagnosis. There were no differences between hemoglobin A1c, use of continuous glucose monitors, or use of insulin pumps between the rise group and those with healthy BMI throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Alarmingly high rates of overweight/obesity in youth were observed within 5 years following T1D diagnosis. Awareness and further research are necessary to address this independent risk factor for morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani Ganta
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
| | - Jennifer Warnick
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Mariam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Phinnara Has
- Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Monica Serrano-Gonzalez
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Meghan E Fredette
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lisa Swartz Topor
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Chang BK, Park SW, Kim YS, Lee SM. Changes in the Average Body Mass Index of Fifth- and Sixth-Grade Korean Elementary School Students: The Role of Physical Education in Student Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:855. [PMID: 38667617 PMCID: PMC11049883 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to emphasize the importance of physical education in maintaining sufficient physical activity by examining the average BMI of fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Korea over multiple years. This study investigated changes in the average BMI of fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Korea. It provided foundational data to suggest the role of physical education in student health and set future directions. The 2019-2021 Physical Activity Promotion System (PAPS) of the Korean Ministry of Education was used. Data corresponding to fifth- and sixth-grade students (124,693 from 2019, 126,226 from 2020, and 117,809 from 2021) in 1208 elementary schools in Korea were collected. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted for the data analysis. The study findings are as follows: First, the average BMI of fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Korea increased significantly in 2021 compared with 2019 and 2020. Second, changes in the yearly average BMI showed a significant difference depending on gender and grade. Obesity among fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Korea increased steadily during 2019-2021, which may be due to a decrease in students' physical activity. Male students showed a steeper increase regardless of grade. During the study period, limited physical activity at school increased obesity rates. Physical education must play a role in students' health in preparation for future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kweon Chang
- Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea; (B.-K.C.); (S.-W.P.)
| | - Se-Won Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea; (B.-K.C.); (S.-W.P.)
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea; (B.-K.C.); (S.-W.P.)
| | - Seung-Man Lee
- Department of Sports Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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4
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Singh R, Singh V, Ahmad MA, Pasricha C, Kumari P, Singh TG, Kaur R, Mujwar S, Wani TA, Zargar S. Unveiling the Role of PAR 1: A Crucial Link with Inflammation in Diabetic Subjects with COVID-19. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:454. [PMID: 38675414 PMCID: PMC11055094 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a distinguished clinical manifestation of COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often associated with inflammatory dysfunctions, insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, and other complications. The present study aims to test the hypothesis that serum concentrations of PAR-1 levels differ between COVID-19 diabetic patients (T2DM) and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients and determine their association with different biochemical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers. T2DM patients with COVID-19 (n = 50) with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of (9.23 ± 1.66) and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients (n = 50) with HbA1c levels (4.39 ± 0.57) were recruited in this study. The serum PAR-1 levels (ELISA method) were determined in both groups and correlated with parameters such as age, BMI, inflammatory markers including CRP, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), D-dimer, homocysteine, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Demographic variables such as BMI (29.21 ± 3.52 vs. controls 21.30 ± 2.11) and HbA1c (9.23 ± 1.66 vs. controls 4.39 ± 0.57) were found to be statistically elevated in COVID-19 T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic COVID-19 patients. The concentrations of several inflammatory biomarkers and PAR-1 were remarkably increased in the COVID-19 T2DM group when compared with the non-diabetic COVID-19 group. The univariate analysis revealed that increased serum PAR-1 estimations were positively correlated with enhanced HbA1c, BMI, inflammatory cytokines, D-dimer, homocysteine, and NT-proBNP. The findings in the current study suggest that increased levels of serum PAR-1 in the bloodstream could potentially serve as an independent biomarker of inflammation in COVID-19 patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (V.S.); (M.A.A.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (T.G.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (V.S.); (M.A.A.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (T.G.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Md. Altamash Ahmad
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (V.S.); (M.A.A.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (T.G.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Chirag Pasricha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (V.S.); (M.A.A.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (T.G.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (V.S.); (M.A.A.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (T.G.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (V.S.); (M.A.A.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (T.G.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (V.S.); (M.A.A.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (T.G.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (V.S.); (M.A.A.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (T.G.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
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Dickson CA, Ergun-Longmire B, Greydanus DE, Eke R, Giedeman B, Nickson NM, Hoang LN, Adabanya U, Payares DVP, Chahin S, McCrary J, White K, Moon JH, Haitova N, Deleon J, Apple RW. Health equity in pediatrics: Current concepts for the care of children in the 21st century (Dis Mon). Dis Mon 2024; 70:101631. [PMID: 37739834 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
This is an analysis of important aspects of health equity in caring for children and adolescents written by a multidisciplinary team from different medical centers. In this discussion for clinicians, we look at definitions of pediatric health equity and the enormous impact of social determinants of health in this area. Factors involved with pediatric healthcare disparities that are considered include race, ethnicity, gender, age, poverty, socioeconomic status, LGBT status, living in rural communities, housing instability, food insecurity, access to transportation, availability of healthcare professionals, the status of education, and employment as well as immigration. Additional issues involved with health equity in pediatrics that are reviewed will include the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioral health concepts, and the negative health effects of climate change. Recommendations that are presented include reflection of one's own attitudes on as well as an understanding of these topics, consideration of the role of various healthcare providers (i.e., community health workers, peer health navigators, others), the impact of behavioral health integration, and the need for well-conceived curricula as well as multi-faceted training programs in pediatric health equity at the undergraduate and postgraduate medical education levels. Furthermore, ongoing research in pediatric health equity is needed to scrutinize current concepts and stimulate the development of ideas with an ever-greater positive influence on the health of our beloved children. Clinicians caring for children can serve as champions for the optimal health of children and their families; in addition, these healthcare professionals are uniquely positioned in their daily work to understand the drivers of health inequities and to be advocates for optimal health equity in the 21st century for all children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Dickson
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Berrin Ergun-Longmire
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Donald E Greydanus
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
| | - Ransome Eke
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Bethany Giedeman
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Nikoli M Nickson
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Linh-Nhu Hoang
- Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Uzochukwu Adabanya
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Daniela V Pinto Payares
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Summer Chahin
- Department of Psychology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital/Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jerica McCrary
- Center for Rural Health and Health Disparities, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Katie White
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jin Hyung Moon
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Nizoramo Haitova
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jocelyn Deleon
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Roger W Apple
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Park J, Ten Hoor G, Won S, Hwang G, Hwang S, Lau ST. Implementation of a Childcare-Based Obesity Prevention Program for Vulnerable Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for School Nurses. J Sch Nurs 2024:10598405241228448. [PMID: 38374640 DOI: 10.1177/10598405241228448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 brought significant changes to the role of school nurses, necessitating the development of remote health education programs. However, there is a lack of evidence and pedagogical lessons for digitally transforming education for socially vulnerable children. This qualitative study analyzes the health educational needs and barriers faced by children and service providers in a childcare-based obesity prevention program during the pandemic in South Korea. Through a thematic content analysis, four core themes emerged: (a) heightened concerns about obesity and the pandemic's impact on facilities, (b) unexpected positive outcomes of the program, (c) digital readiness gaps, and (d) insufficient program satisfaction (better than nothing). When designing a digital-based health education program for vulnerable children, assessing individual readiness and facility suitability is crucial. Additionally, school nurses should incorporate hybrid pedagogy, integrating technology-mediated activities. By leveraging technology effectively and considering individual and environmental factors, educators can provide comprehensive and accessible health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- College of Nursing, Institute for Health Science Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gill Ten Hoor
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Seohyun Won
- College of Nursing, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gahui Hwang
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sein Hwang
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Science, Inje University, Gimhae-si, South Korea
| | - Siew Tiang Lau
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Plandowska M, Labecka MK, Truszczyńska-Baszak A, Płaszewski M, Rajabi R, Makaruk B, Różańska D. The Effect of an Active Break Intervention on Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Musculoskeletal Discomfort during Prolonged Sitting among Young People-Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:612. [PMID: 38276118 PMCID: PMC10816210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most recent evidence has shown that the pandemic of COVID-19 caused an increasing problem with spinal pain in the population of teenagers and young adults. This may be explained by prolonged sitting times in flexed positions with electronic devices. Positions maintained for a prolonged time cause overloading of soft tissue and discogenic symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the active break program in reducing musculoskeletal discomfort and LBP (low back pain) among young people. METHODS This will be a randomized controlled study. The participants will be recruited from Bachelor's course students of the Physical Education Department aged 18-25 years. The participants will be assigned to an experimental group (with an active break) and a control group. The group with an active break with lumbar and hip extension exercises will be recommended to take a break for every 30 min of sitting. The control group will receive self-care recommendations. The primary outcomes will be pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), disability index (Oswestry Disability Index), and perceived musculoskeletal discomfort during prolonged sitting (Borg scale), assessed at baseline and after the intervention, and the Global Perceived Effect, only assessed after the 12-week intervention. The secondary outcome will be a Post-Intervention Questionnaire (a 5-item self-completed questionnaire), only assessed after the 12-week intervention. RESULTS Our main research outcome-exercise protocols and interventions-will lead to the development of recommendations and protocols for the LBP population. It is important to determine the effect of interventions that are feasible and effective in addressing LBP and perceived musculoskeletal discomfort in young people. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study examining the effect of active breaks with proposed lumbar and hip extension exercises on reducing or decreasing LBP in students based on a search of the literature. Exercises and recommendations will be the basis for developing proprietary preventative and therapeutic programs, which will be implemented in selected educational institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Plandowska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (M.P.); (M.P.); (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Marta Kinga Labecka
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Maciej Płaszewski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (M.P.); (M.P.); (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Reza Rajabi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Beata Makaruk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (M.P.); (M.P.); (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Dorota Różańska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (M.P.); (M.P.); (B.M.); (D.R.)
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8
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Androja L, Bavčević T, Jurčev Savičević A, Bavčević D, Ninčević J, Buljan A, Nonković D, Rodrigues V, Karin Ž. Body Mass Index Trends before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Primary School Students in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia: A Retrospective Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:50. [PMID: 38201879 PMCID: PMC10780733 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, childhood obesity has become a serious problem, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research paper aimed to examine whether body mass index (BMI) was higher during the pandemic (2020-2022) than in the pre-pandemic period (2012/2013-2019) using trends related to sex, urban-rural area, and physical activity (PA). This study included data from physical examinations of an entire population of primary school children from Split-Dalmatia County (Croatia) over a period of 10 years. There were 103,804 students from the first, fifth, and eighth grades who participated in the analysis. During the pandemic, the BMI of all the students increased, except for eighth-grade girls. Generations of eighth graders have had significantly different BMIs throughout the past decade. We found that first graders were overweight and obese in urban areas, while in rural areas, this problem was experienced by upper grades. Girls were more overweight and obese in the first and eighth grades, but boys experienced this more in the fifth grade. Reduced PA influenced an increase in BMI in both sexes, especially in girls. During the pandemic, this situation became worse. This study could be useful to experts for the creation of new policies for Split-Dalmatia County and surrounding regions that are similar economically and culturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Androja
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Department of Sports Management, Aspira University of Applied Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tonči Bavčević
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Jurčev Savičević
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Bavčević
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Ninčević
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Buljan
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Diana Nonković
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vitor Rodrigues
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3030-222 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Željka Karin
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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9
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Zhang X, Wu Z, He Q. A mini-review on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected intertemporal choice. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad021. [PMID: 38666127 PMCID: PMC10917382 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has extremely harmful effects on individual lifestyles, and at present, people must make financial or survival decisions under the profound changes frequently. Although it has been reported that COVID-19 changed decision-making patterns, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. This mini-review focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intertemporal choice, and potential psychological, biological, and social factors that mediate this relationship. A search of the Web of Science electronic database yielded 23 studies. The results showed that under the COVID-19 pandemic, people tended to choose immediate and smaller rewards, and became less patient. In particular, people with negative emotions, in a worse condition of physical health, or who did not comply with their government restriction rules tended to become more "short-sighted" in behavioral terms. Future studies should examine more longitudinal and cross-cultural research to give a broad view about the decision-making change under the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, CN400715,Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyun Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, CN400715,Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, CN400715,Chongqing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, CN400715, Chongqing, China
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10
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Joffe AR, Elliott A. Long COVID as a functional somatic symptom disorder caused by abnormally precise prior expectations during Bayesian perceptual processing: A new hypothesis and implications for pandemic response. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231194400. [PMID: 37655303 PMCID: PMC10467233 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231194400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review proposes a model of Long-COVID where the constellation of symptoms are in fact genuinely experienced persistent physical symptoms that are usually functional in nature and therefore potentially reversible, that is, Long-COVID is a somatic symptom disorder. First, we describe what is currently known about Long-COVID in children and adults. Second, we examine reported "Long-Pandemic" effects that create a risk for similar somatic symptoms to develop in non-COVID-19 patients. Third, we describe what was known about somatization and somatic symptom disorder before the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggest that by analogy, Long-COVID may best be conceptualized as one of these disorders, with similar symptoms and predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. Fourth, we review the phenomenon of mass sociogenic (functional) illness, and the concept of nocebo effects, and suggest that by analogy, Long-COVID is compatible with these descriptions. Fifth, we describe the current theoretical model of the mechanism underlying functional disorders, the Bayesian predictive coding model for perception. This model accounts for moderators that can make symptom inferences functionally inaccurate and therefore can explain how to understand common predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. Finally, we discuss the implications of this framework for improved public health messaging during a pandemic, with recommendations for the management of Long-COVID symptoms in healthcare systems. We argue that the current public health approach has induced fear of Long-COVID in the population, including from constant messaging about disabling symptoms of Long-COVID and theorizing irreversible tissue damage as the cause of Long-COVID. This has created a self-fulfilling prophecy by inducing the very predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors for the syndrome. Finally, we introduce the term "Pandemic-Response Syndrome" to describe what previously was labeled Long-COVID. This alternative perspective aims to stimulate research and serve as a lesson learned to avoid a repeat performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari R Joffe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - April Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Stager LM, Morgan CH, Watson CS, Morriss S, Gower BA, Fobian AD. The Effects of COVID-19 Virtual Learning on Body Fat and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1398. [PMID: 37628397 PMCID: PMC10453835 DOI: 10.3390/children10081398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: COVID-19 virtual learning reduced structural supports for adolescent physical activity and diet, threatening metabolic health, especially in teens with overweight or obesity (OWOB). (2) Methods: Adolescents (N = 14) with OWOB completed fasting blood draws (measuring insulin resistance, IR) and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA, measuring total body fat percent, TBF%) pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Changes in TBF% and IR were calculated (1) pre-COVID-19 and (2) from pre-COVID-19 to during COVID-19. Age and body mass index (BMI) percentile-matched data assessed normative changes across similar, non-COVID-19 time periods. Paired t-tests compared TBF% change pre- to during COVID-19 with (1) TBF% change pre-COVID19 and (2) TBF% normative change. Two ANCOVAs compared IR change pre- to during COVID-19 with (1) IR change pre-COVID-19 controlling for BMI z-score and difference in time between assessments and (2) normative change in IR controlling for sex/race. (3) Results: The TBF% change pre-COVID-19 and the normative change were similar. The TBF% increased more (~six percentage points) during COVID-19 compared to normative change (p < 0.01). During COVID-19, IR increased more (~2.5 units) than change pre-COVID-19 (p = 0.03) and increased more (~3.5 units) than normative change (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions: TBF% and IR increased exponentially during COVID-19 in teens with OWOB compared to pre-COVID-19 and normative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Stager
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (L.M.S.)
| | - Casie H. Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (L.M.S.)
| | - Caroline S. Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (L.M.S.)
| | - Skylar Morriss
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (L.M.S.)
- Department of Social Work, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Department of Nutrition, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Aaron D. Fobian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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12
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Teich P, Fühner T, Bähr F, Puta C, Granacher U, Kliegl R. Covid Pandemic Effects on the Physical Fitness of Primary School Children: Results of the German EMOTIKON Project. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:77. [PMID: 37578660 PMCID: PMC10425322 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spring of 2020, the Sars-CoV-2 incidence rate increased rapidly in Germany and around the world. Throughout the next 2 years, schools were temporarily closed and social distancing measures were put in place to slow the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Did these social restrictions and temporary school lockdowns affect children's physical fitness? The EMOTIKON project annually tests the physical fitness of all third-graders in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. The tests assess cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min-run test), coordination (star-run test), speed (20-m sprint test), lower (powerLOW, standing long jump test), and upper (powerUP, ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and static balance (one-legged stance test with eyes closed). A total of 125,893 children were tested in the falls from 2016 to 2022. Primary analyses focused on 98,510 keyage third-graders (i.e., school enrollment according to the legal key date, aged 8 to 9 years) from 515 schools. Secondary analyses included 27,383 older-than-keyage third-graders (i.e., OTK, delayed school enrollment or repetition of a grade, aged 9 to 10 years), who have been shown to exhibit lower physical fitness than expected for their age. Linear mixed models fitted pre-pandemic quadratic secular trends, and took into account differences between children and schools. RESULTS Third-graders exhibited lower cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed and powerUP in the Covid pandemic cohorts (2020-2022) compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts (2016-2019). Children's powerLOW and static balance were higher in the pandemic cohorts compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts. From 2020 to 2021, coordination, powerLOW and powerUP further declined. Evidence for some post-pandemic physical fitness catch-up was restricted to powerUP. Cohen's |ds| for comparisons of the pandemic cohorts 2020-2022 with pre-pandemic cohorts 2016-2019 ranged from 0.02 for powerLOW to 0.15 for coordination. Within the pandemic cohorts, keyage children exhibited developmental losses ranging from approximately 1 month for speed to 5 months for cardiorespiratory endurance. For powerLOW and static balance, the positive pandemic effects translate to developmental gains of 1 and 7 months, respectively. Pre-pandemic secular trends may account for some of the observed differences between pandemic and pre-pandemic cohorts, especially in powerLOW, powerUP and static balance. The pandemic further increased developmental delays of OTK children in cardiorespiratory endurance, powerUP and balance. CONCLUSIONS The Covid-19 pandemic was associated with declines in several physical fitness components in German third-graders. Pandemic effects are still visible in 2022. Health-related interventions should specifically target those physical fitness components that were negatively affected by the pandemic (cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Teich
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Thea Fühner
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Florian Bähr
- Division of Sports and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital/ Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kliegl
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Bekelman TA, Trasande L, Law A, Blackwell CK, Jacobson LP, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Elliott AJ, Ferrara A, Karagas MR, Aschner JL, Bornkamp N, Camargo CA, Comstock SS, Dunlop AL, Ganiban JM, Gern JE, Karr CJ, Kelly RS, Lyall K, O’Shea TM, Schweitzer JB, LeWinn KZ. Opportunities for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1171214. [PMID: 37397146 PMCID: PMC10308998 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1171214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ongoing pediatric cohort studies offer opportunities to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's health. With well-characterized data from tens of thousands of US children, the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program offers such an opportunity. Methods ECHO enrolled children and their caregivers from community- and clinic-based pediatric cohort studies. Extant data from each of the cohorts were pooled and harmonized. In 2019, cohorts began collecting data under a common protocol, and data collection is ongoing with a focus on early life environmental exposures and five child health domains: birth outcomes, neurodevelopment, obesity, respiratory, and positive health. In April of 2020, ECHO began collecting a questionnaire designed to assess COVID-19 infection and the pandemic's impact on families. We describe and summarize the characteristics of children who participated in the ECHO Program during the COVID-19 pandemic and novel opportunities for scientific advancement. Results This sample (n = 13,725) was diverse by child age (31% early childhood, 41% middle childhood, and 16% adolescence up to age 21), sex (49% female), race (64% White, 15% Black, 3% Asian, 2% American Indian or Alaska Native, <1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 10% Multiple race and 2% Other race), Hispanic ethnicity (22% Hispanic), and were similarly distributed across the four United States Census regions and Puerto Rico. Conclusion ECHO data collected during the pandemic can be used to conduct solution-oriented research to inform the development of programs and policies to support child health during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci A. Bekelman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Law
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Courtney K. Blackwell
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lisa P. Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy J. Elliott
- Avera Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Judy L. Aschner
- Departments of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Nicole Bornkamp
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jody M. Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Departments of Pediatrics & Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Julie B. Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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14
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Chung ST, Krenek A, Magge SN. Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023:10.1007/s11883-023-01111-4. [PMID: 37256483 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The global epidemic of youth-onset obesity is tightly linked to the rising burden of cardiometabolic disease across the lifespan. While the link between childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease is established, this contemporary review summarizes recent and novel advances in this field that elucidate the mechanisms and impact of this public health issue. RECENT FINDINGS The review highlights the emerging data supporting the relationship between childhood adverse events, social determinants of health, and systemic and institutional systems as etiological factors. We also provide updates on new screening and treatment approaches including updated nutrition and dietary guidelines and benchmarks for pediatric obesity screening, novel pharmacological agents for pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes such as glucagon-like 1 peptide receptor agonists, and we discuss the long-term safety and efficacy data on surgical management of pediatric obesity. The global burden of pediatric obesity continues to rise and is associated with accelerated and early vascular aging especially in youth with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Socio-ecological determinants of risk mediate and moderate the relationship of childhood obesity with cardiometabolic disease. Recognizing the importance of neighborhood level influences as etiological factors in the development of cardiovascular disease is critical for designing effective policies and interventions. Novel surgical and pharmacological interventions are effective pediatric weight-loss interventions, but future research is needed to assess whether these agents, within a socio-ecological framework, will be associated with abatement of the pediatric obesity epidemic and related increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Chung
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Disease, NIH Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Krenek
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Disease, NIH Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheela N Magge
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Rubenstein Bldg, Rm 3114, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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15
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Nasui BA, Ungur RA, Nasui GA, Popescu CA, Hofer AM, Dersidan S, Popa M, Silaghi H, Silaghi CA. Adolescents' Lifestyle Determinants in Relation to Their Nutritional Status during COVID-19 Pandemic Distance Learning in the North-Western Part of Romania-A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:922. [PMID: 37371154 DOI: 10.3390/children10060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have examined how the lockdown restrictions enforced to halt the spread of COVID-19 have affected adults' movement behaviors; however, there is limited information regarding the effects on youth. This study aimed to report on the lifestyle habits of adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic remote learning and explore associations between the participants' bodyweight and lifestyle behaviors. We used a cross-sectional study applied to 285 students studying in the gymnasium. The response rate was 74.21%. They completed an online questionnaire regarding lifestyle, eating habits, and nutritional status (assessed by the Body Mass Index-BMI). The study was conducted in January-February 2021. The percentage of overweight and obese was higher among boys (p = 0.001). The mean sleep duration was 8.12 (SD:1.284) hours per night, and was higher in boys than in girls. The respondents met the physical activity (PA) recommendation for their age, based mainly on unorganized PA. The screen time was 4-6 h or more for the majority of the respondents. Dietary habits included a high consumption of comfort food, like cereals, sweets, soft drinks, snacks, and fried food, but a lower consumption of vegetables and fast food. The regression analyses showed that the BMI was correlated with the BMI of the parents and the number of hours spent in front of the computers in free time. The study identified behavioral and environmental factors that can be modified with effective strategies to reduce overweight and obesity among school students and to promote a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdana Adriana Nasui
- Department of Community Health, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Ana Ungur
- Department of Medical Specialties, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Adrian Nasui
- Law Faculty, Dimitrie Cantemir University, Teodor Mihali Street, No 60, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Codruta Alina Popescu
- Department of Practical Abilities-Human Sciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Hofer
- Department of Community Health, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Dersidan
- Department of Community Health, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Popa
- Department of Community Health, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horatiu Silaghi
- Department of Surgery V, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Alina Silaghi
- Department of Endocrinology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Bond DM, Seimon R, Schneuer FJ, Baur LA, Craig M, Alexander S, Garnett SP, Henderson J, Nassar N. Impact and recovery of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight status of children and adolescents. Clin Obes 2023; 13:e12579. [PMID: 36682362 PMCID: PMC10909548 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests the immediate effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions have resulted in increased weight in children and adolescents. However, the longer-term effects have not been assessed. The aim of this study was to examine the impact and longer-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on BMI and weight status of children and adolescents. This study used routinely collected clinical data from the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, comprising two socio-demographically diverse children's hospitals in New South Wales, Australia from 2018 to 2021. Of 245 836 individuals ≤18-years assessed, mean BMI percentile increased from 58.7 (SD 31.6) pre-COVID-19 to 59.8 (SD 31.7) (p < .05) post-restrictions and overweight/obesity increased by 5.5% (obesity alone 6.3%), predominantly in children <12-years and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The trend in BMI percentile was steady pre-COVID-19 (β = -0.03 [95% CI -0.07, 0.01]), peaked immediately following COVID-19 restrictions (β = 1.28 [95% CI 0.24, 2.32]) and returned to pre-pandemic levels over ensuing 21 months (β = -0.04 [95% CI -0.13, 0.04]). Routine anthropometric measurement facilitates ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the weight status of children and adolescents, helping to identify those at-risk. Despite initial BMI and weight increases among children and adolescents, longer-term follow-up highlighted a return to pre-pandemic rates, possibly attributed to state-wide policies aimed at reducing childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Bond
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Radhika Seimon
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Francisco J. Schneuer
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Louise A. Baur
- Weight Management ServicesThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Maria Craig
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Paediatric EndocrinologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shirley Alexander
- CHISM and Weight Management Services, Auburn Clinical SchoolUniversity of Notre DameSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sarah P. Garnett
- SCHN Human Research Ethics Committee, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Discipline of Child and Adolescent HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joanne Henderson
- Sydney Children's Hospitals NetworkThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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