Understanding child development and care integrality: Primary Health Care doctors and nurses' view

OBJECTIVE

To identify perceptions of primary care health professionals regarding the conceptual aspects of child development and propose strategies to address difficulties.

METHODS

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in a small municipality in the countryside of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The primary health care in this region is comprised of Family Health Units and Basic Health Units. The sample included 52 participants, consisting of doctors and primary care nurses. A questionnaire with open and closed questions was utilized, covering knowledge and practices related to child development. For this study, the first question of the questionnaire, which asked for a descriptive response about participants' understanding of child development, was employed. The responses were transcribed, and content analysis using the thematic approach was conducted.

RESULTS

Among the participants, 54% were nurses, and the average duration of working with the pediatric population was ten years. 80% reported never having undergone training in child development. The analysis of the responses revealed heterogeneity in the professionals' understanding of the conceptual dimension of child development. Additionally, there was an insufficient grasp of the theoretical and practical aspects and a scarcity of resources to support comprehensive care for children. A predominant biomedical model focusing on disease and biological aspects of child health was evident in defining the understanding of the subject.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings underscore the necessity of implementing health education initiatives and service projects in primary care settings. It is crucial to strengthen a comprehensive perspective of child health within the biopsychosocial model of the health-disease process.

Studies on the Child Handbook in Brazil: a scoping review

OBJECTIVE

To systematically identify and map studies involving the Caderneta da Criança (Child Handbook - CH) in Brazil.

METHODS

A scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The databases PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Periódicos Capes and Google Scholar were consulted. Primary and secondary studies that mentioned the use of CH were included, without restrictions regarding design, year of publication or population, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish and gray literature (theses and dissertations).

RESULTS

A total of 129 studies were included, mostly descriptive, published as scientific papers. The Northeast region, the population of caregivers of children and the Primary Care scenario were observed in most studies; 47% of the studies used the CH as a source of data, the majority on vaccination. Despite the different criteria to define adequacy of completing the CH, the studies identified weaknesses in filling out all of its items, except for immunization. The utilization and/or completion of the CH were linked to various factors, including the availability of the CH, characteristics of the children (such as sex, age, prematurity and well-child appointments), attributes of the family members and caregivers (such as age, education, income, parity, work status, prenatal care, reading, note-taking and bringing CH to appointments) and features of the professionals (such as workplace, medical specialty, communication style, knowledge about the CH, requesting, guiding and note-taking).

CONCLUSIONS

The results reinforce the need to better understand which factors affect the distribution of the CH in the population, as well as pointing to the need for understanding its use and completion by the different care points. The need for intervention studies to improve the implementation of this tool and to include training on the use of the CH in the context of continuing health education becomes evident.

Child developmental monitoring: implementation through the family health strategy nurse / Vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil: implementação pelo enfermeiro da estratégia saúde da família

Objetivo: Analisar como ocorre a implementação da vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil no processo de cuidado de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 11 enfermeiros atuantes na Estratégia Saúde da Família de dois municípios do Curimataú Paraibano. Os dados foram coletados de novembro a dezembro de 2018, por entrevista semiestruturada e tratados conforme análise temática. Resultados: Foi evidenciado o tema “Vigilância do Desenvolvimento Infantil e a implementação pelo enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família” abordando quais instrumentos utilizados e registros realizados para a vigilância do desenvolvimento; aspectos considerados na avaliação da criança e promoção do desenvolvimento infantil. Conclusão: Percebe-se a necessidade de instituições de ensino superior na área de saúde e gestores enxergarem a problemática e investirem na formação e qualificação profissional, no intuito de empoderar os enfermeiros para a vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil na atenção primária, de forma sistemática e integral.

Microcefalia relacionada ao vírus Zika e dinâmica familiar: perspectiva da mãe

Objetivo: compreender como os familiares de crianças diagnosticadas com microcefalia pelo vírus Zika (ZIKV) reagiram emocionalmente ao diagnóstico e qual é o impacto desse evento na dinâmica familiar.Metodologia: estudo descritivo-exploratório de cunho qualitativo realizado em um município de médio porte de Minas Gerais (Brasil). Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada gravada e transcrita. O corpus foi submetido à análise de conteúdo conforme o preconizado por Bardin.Resultados: verificou-se que as mães demonstraram preocupação diante da hipossuficiência de informações sobre a condição dos filhos. O diagnóstico trouxe uma sensação de desconstrução do filho idealizado e desencadeou reações de choque emocional. As mães demonstraram possuir grandes incertezas em relação ao futuro dos filhos. Foi relatado que os pais participam ativamente no cuidado.Conclusão: evidencia-se, nas narrativas das mães, a necessidade de maior eficiência dos serviços públicos de assistência, notadamente os de saúde, no acompanhamento das crianças e orientação das famílias.