1
|
Morningness-Eveningness and Problematic Online Activities. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Online activities and problematic online behaviors have recently emerged as important research topics. However, only a few studies have explored the possible associations between these behaviors and morningness-eveningness. The authors examined whether eveningness predicts these distinct problematic online behaviors differently and directly or via mediators. The associations between eveningness and three different problematic online behaviors (problematic Internet use, problematic online gaming, and problematic social media use) were explored among a large sample of Hungarian young adults (N = 1729, 57.2% female, Mage = 22.01, SDage = 1.97) by using a self-report survey. Depression and the time spent engaging in online activities were assessed as possible mediators. The effects of age and sex were controlled for. Using structural equation modeling, the results supported the association between eveningness and the higher risk for all three problematic online behaviors and highlighted that these associations were mediated by depressive mood and time spent on the activities. In addition, eveningness also predicted PIU directly. Eveningness is a risk factor for problematic online behaviors not only because of the higher amount of time spent on the activities but also because of the worse mood associated with eveningness. The results highlight that it is important to examine the different types of online activity separately and explore the role of diverse risk factors, among them morningness-eveningness.
Collapse
|
2
|
Parents Rate Problematic Video Streaming in Adolescents: Conceptualization and External Assessment of a New Clinical Phenomenon Based on the ICD-11 Criteria of Gaming Disorder. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031010. [PMID: 36769663 PMCID: PMC9917676 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, video streaming (VS) increased substantially. Adolescents are at significant risk of presenting problematic VS patterns associated with a spectrum of mental-health difficulties. Because VS platforms rely on similar mechanisms as digital games, the ICD-11 criteria for Gaming Disorder (GD) have been successfully implemented to measure Streaming Disorder (StrD) in adolescents. For proper diagnoses, external rating scales are urgently required in addition to self-reports. The Streaming Disorder Scale for Parents (STREDIS-P) was created and validated in a representative sample of n = 891 adolescent-parent dyads. Mental health problems were assessed with standardized instruments. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the underlying factor structure. Cutoff scores were determined using ROC analysis. Accordance between parental and adolescents' self-ratings was calculated. Consistent with the results of previous validation studies for screening instruments assessing similar phenomena based on ICD-11-GD criteria, two factors, cognitive-behavioral symptoms and negative consequences, were confirmed. STREDIS-P demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency, criterion validity, and discriminatory power. Accordance with adolescents' self-ratings was moderate. STREDIS-P is the first screening tool for assessing StrD in adolescents by parental ratings. It is highly relevant for conceptualizing a new phenomenon in clinical routine and academic research.
Collapse
|
3
|
Forte G, Favieri F, Casagrande M, Tambelli R. Personality and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems in Behavioral Addiction: Analysis of Binge-Watching. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1622. [PMID: 36674381 PMCID: PMC9863166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Binge-watching (BW) refers to a pattern of watching TV series characterized by the consecutive viewing of three or more episodes in one sitting. Although there is some evidence about its effects on mental health, little is known about predictive variables which may affect negative occurrences of BW, such as problematic and addictive behavior. This study aimed to assess the unique contribution of personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness) to binge-watching, while also considering the role of two motivational systems: the behavioral inhibition system and the behavioral activation system. Cross-sectional data from 790 respondents were collected using standardized questionnaires evaluating: BW, personality traits, and the behavioral inhibition/activation system. The possible predictive roles of these variables were tested via hierarchical linear regression models. Our results underline a predictive high-risk role of neuroticism and the behavioral inhibition system and a protective role of conscientiousness in the continuum of BW from a leisure activity to a problematic one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Body and Action Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Favieri
- Body and Action Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Flayelle M, Elhai JD, Maurage P, Vögele C, Brevers D, Baggio S, Billieux J. Identifying the psychological processes delineating non-harmful from problematic binge-watching: A machine learning analytical approach. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2022.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Negative Affect and Problematic Binge-Watching: The Mediating Role of Unconstructive Ruminative Thinking Style. Psychol Belg 2022; 62:272-285. [PMID: 36246519 PMCID: PMC9524295 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of binge-watching (i.e., watching multiple episodes of TV series in one session) has become increasingly prevalent, but comprehending its nature and potential underlying factors has been challenging. In particular, problematic binge-watching remains ill-defined and conceptualized, being regarded either as an addictive behaviour or a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. Following a process-based approach, in the current study we explored the latter conceptualization, by investigating the potential mediating role of an unconstructive ruminative thinking style between negative affect and problematic binge-watching. To this end, TV series viewers completed an online survey assessing socio-demographic variables, TV series viewing habits, binge-watching motives and engagement, ruminative thinking styles and affect. Based on their answers, participants were allocated to one of the following three groups: non-binge-watchers (n = 59), trouble-free binge-watchers (n = 85), or problematic binge-watchers (n = 162). Group comparisons and mediation analyses were conducted to explore the underlying role of unconstructive rumination in problematic binge-watching. Results showed that, apart from the pattern of TV series watching, trouble-free binge-watchers shared little to no similarity with problematic binge-watchers, therefore supporting the need to differentiate these two behaviours. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that an unconstructive ruminative thinking style partially mediated the relationship between negative affect and coping/escapism and that it fully accounted for the relationship between negative affect and binge-watching derived positive emotions in problematic binge-watchers. These findings thus add to the notion that problematic binge-watching might serve as a way to bolster a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, implying that unconstructive rumination acts as a mediating process in this context.
Collapse
|
6
|
Alimoradi Z, Jafari E, Potenza MN, Lin CY, Wu CY, Pakpour AH. Binge-Watching and Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159707. [PMID: 35955069 PMCID: PMC9368441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge-watching, the viewing of online videos or streamed content, may be associated with different types of mental health problems. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between binge-watching and five mental health concerns including depression, loneliness, sleep problems, anxiety, and stress. METHODS Academic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Psych Articles were systematically searched through February of 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality. A meta-analysis was performed on Fisher's z values as effect sizes, using a random effect model. Publication bias, small study effect, and moderators in this association were assessed. RESULTS Binge-watching was significantly associated with the five types of mental health concerns with the most robust correlations found with stress (0.32) and anxiety (0.25). Stronger associations between binge-watching and two types of mental health problems (depression and sleep problems) were found during the COVID-19 pandemic than before the pandemic. Moreover, stronger associations between binge-watching and two types of mental health problems (stress and sleep problems) were found in developing countries than in developed countries. CONCLUSIONS The associations between binge-watching and mental health concerns were significant and positive. Programs and interventions to reduce binge-watching should be considered and tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Alimoradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34197-59811, Iran
| | - Elahe Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34197-59811, Iran
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, University Rd., Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 553 18 Jönköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paschke K, Napp AK, Thomasius R. Applying ICD-11 criteria of Gaming Disorder to identify problematic video streaming in adolescents: Conceptualization of a new clinical phenomenon. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:451-466. [PMID: 35895473 PMCID: PMC9295208 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet video streaming (VS) has become a popular leisure activity among the majority of adolescents, especially under the COVID-19 pandemic. Research on binge watching patterns in adults suggests an addictive potential of VS. To date, no unified conceptualization on problematic VS and no standardized assessment tools for adolescents exist even though they might be especially vulnerable. Methods STREDIS-A is based on the ICD-11 criteria of gaming disorder. It was validated in a representative sample of 959 dyads of 10- to 17-year old adolescents with frequent VS and a respective parent using standardized questionnaires on Internet addiction, depressive and anxiety symptoms, insomnia, loneliness, and academic performance in an online survey. Item structure was investigated by factorial analyses. Cutoffs were estimated and latent profile analysis was performed. Results The two-factorial structure of STREDIS-A describes cognitive-behavioral symptoms and negative consequences of VS. Internal consistency and criterion validity were good to excellent. It could excellently discriminate between affected and non-affected adolescents. Discussion and conclusions The present study makes a significant contribution to the conceptualization of a new phenomenon. It provides the very first tool to assess streaming disorder in adolescents for clinical and research settings. Clinical validation is highly warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Paschke
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Napp
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between binge-watching addiction and family, emotional, conduct, cognitive and anger control problems, hyperactivity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV)-ADHD Index, DSM-IV-Inattention, and DSM-IV-Hyperactivity Impulsivity in a large sample of healthy Turkish adolescents. The association between binge-watching behavior addiction and mood disorders in healthy adolescents was examined in this cross-sectional study conducted in Turkey. Participants completed both measures, The Binge-Watching Addiction Questionnaire and The Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale. An online survey of 189 adolescents was conducted. One hundred fourteen subjects (60.3%) were categorized into the binge-watcher group. Results showed important positive associations between binge-watching behavior and emotional, conduct, cognitive problems, and DSM-IV-Inattention. The conducted analysis showed an important association between high frequency of binge-watching and emotional problems (p < 0.001), conduct problems (p = 0.012), cognitive problems (p = 0.001), and inattention (p < 0.001). These findings contributed to our comprehension of adolescents' psychological correlates of television viewing behavior. Further researches on the relationship between extreme binge-watching and psychiatric disorders of adolescents are recommended.
Collapse
|
9
|
Starosta J, Izydorczyk B, Wontorczyk A. Anxiety-Depressive Syndrome and Binge-Watching Among Young Adults. Front Psychol 2021; 12:689944. [PMID: 34335407 PMCID: PMC8322237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, binge-watching becomes a highly popular way of spending free time. Even though binge-watching usually is related to entertainment, there are concerns about some negative and unhealthy outcomes of excessive form of this behavior. The study examined the predictive value of anxiety-depressive syndrome in explaining the symptoms of problematic binge-watching and the tendency to adopt a specific motivation to watch series. Research group consists of 645 Polish young adults. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Depression Measurement Questionnaire, Viewing Motivation Scale, and Questionnaire of Excessive Binge-Watching were used in this study. The results of the path analysis show that anxiety-depressive syndrome and motivation to watch TV series are the significant factors in the manifestation of all symptoms of problematic binge-watching. Moreover, there is a significant relation between anxiety-depressive syndrome and motivation to watch TV series, which especially concerns escape motivation and motivation to deal with loneliness. Furthermore, motivation to deal with loneliness, escape motivation, and motivation to spend free time have mediating effect on the relationship between anxiety-depressive syndrome and problematic binge-watching. Results of this research show that there could be not only normative binge-watching behavior but also unhealthy and problematic form of this behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Starosta
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Izydorczyk
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antoni Wontorczyk
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boursier V, Musetti A, Gioia F, Flayelle M, Billieux J, Schimmenti A. Is Watching TV Series an Adaptive Coping Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Insights From an Italian Community Sample. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:599859. [PMID: 33967845 PMCID: PMC8097049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.599859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social distancing and lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted individuals' daily habits and well-being. Within such a context, digital technology may provide a welcome source of alternative forms of connection and entertainment. Indeed, streaming services showed a remarkable increase in membership subscriptions throughout the period considered. However, excessive involvement in watching TV series has recently become a subject of scholarly concern as it may represent an emerging form of addictive behavior with the features of what has been labeled as "binge-watching" (i.e., watching multiple episodes of TV series in a single session). The current study aimed to assess TV series watching behaviors and related motivations, as well as their relationships with depression, stress and anxiety, in a sample of Italian adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. Specifically, we aimed to explore which patterns of motivations and emotional states influenced either a high but healthy engagement in watching TV series, or promoted problematic and uncontrolled watching behavior under such circumstances. A total of 715 adults (M = 31.70, SD = 10.81; 71.5% female) from all over Italy were recruited (from 1st to 30th April 2020) through advertisements via social media platforms of Italian university communities and other online groups. Two multiple hierarchical regression analyses were performed with non-problematic and problematic TV series watching set as dependent variables. Results showed that people spent more time watching TV series during the pandemic lockdown, especially women who also reported higher levels of anxiety and stress than men. Moreover, both non-problematic (R 2 = 0.56; p < 0.001) and problematic (R 2 = 0.33; p < 0.001) TV series watching behaviors were equally induced by anxiety symptoms and escapism motivation, thereby suggesting that watching TV series during the COVID-19 lockdown probably served as a recovery strategy to face such a stressful situation. Finally, our findings also suggest that enrichment motives may protect from uncontrolled and potentially addictive watching behaviors. These findings, therefore, hold important implications, particularly for avoiding the over-pathologization of excessive involvement in online activities emerging as a result of specific distressing situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Boursier
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Gioia
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maèva Flayelle
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Society Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Binge-Watching: Development and Validation of the Binge-Watching Addiction Questionnaire. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11020027. [PMID: 33672253 PMCID: PMC7926824 DOI: 10.3390/bs11020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The approach to the vision of TV series has deeply changed in the last years, and watching multiple episodes of TV content in a single session becomes a popular viewing pattern referred as binge-watching. Early studies defined binge-watching as a potentially addictive behavior showing characteristics similar to other behavioral addictions, such as loss of control and pleasure anticipation. This study aims to validate a short self-report questionnaire focused on assessing binge-watching behavior and determining whether it shows characteristics similar to addictive behavior, the Binge-Watching Addiction Questionnaire (BWAQ). An online survey was adopted to administer the questionnaire in the general population (N = 1277). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses assessed both the validity and the structure of the scale in two independent samples. The statistical analyses confirmed a four-factor model (i.e., “Craving”, “Dependency”, “Anticipation”, “Avoidance”) of the BWAQ with good psychometric properties. The BWAQ can differentiate between people who adopt maladaptive watching activities from those who use TV-series as leisure and entertainment activities. Therefore, this questionnaire may enable researchers to improve this emerging field of research significantly.
Collapse
|
12
|
Starosta J, Izydorczyk B, Sitnik-Warchulska K, Lizińczyk S. Impulsivity and Difficulties in Emotional Regulation as Predictors of Binge-Watching Behaviours. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:743870. [PMID: 34858225 PMCID: PMC8631421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.743870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the question about the potentially problematic characteristics of binge-watching behaviours has been raised in the contemporary literature. Binge-watching is a highly popular behaviour that involves watching multiple episodes of TV series in one sitting. Studies show that binge-watching can be both an entertaining, but also a potentially problematic, behaviour. Therefore, this research aimed to answer the question about how impulsivity, difficulties in emotional regulation, and one's motivations around why they want to watch a TV series predict problematic binge-watching among a group of Polish young adults. The research group consisted of 645 participants. The following tools were then used to measure the study variables: the Impulsive Behaviour Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Viewing Motivation Scale, and the Questionnaire of Excessive Binge-watching. Furthermore, a regression analysis was performed on the responses to each measure in order to answer our research questions. Our results show that a lack of premeditation, impulse control difficulties, and having an escapist motivation are all significant predictors of problematic binge-watching behaviours. Furthermore, one's motivations around dealing with loneliness, their motivations around how to best spend their free time, as well as their informative and entertaining motivations were also found to be significant predictors of problematic binge-watching behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Starosta
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Izydorczyk
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bőthe B, Tóth-Király I, Griffiths MD, Potenza MN, Orosz G, Demetrovics Z. Are sexual functioning problems associated with frequent pornography use and/or problematic pornography use? Results from a large community survey including males and females. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106603. [PMID: 32810799 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is much debate regarding whether pornography use has positive or negative associations with sexuality-related measures such as sexual functioning problems. The present study aimed to examine differential correlates between quantity (frequency of pornography use-FPU) and severity (problematic pornography use-PPU) of pornography use with respect to sexual functioning problems among both males and females. Multi-group structural equation modeling was conducted to investigate hypothesized associations between PPU, FPU, and sexual functioning problems among males and females (N = 14,581 participants; females = 4,352; 29.8%; Mage=33.6 years, SDage=11.0), controlling for age, sexual orientation, relationship status, and masturbation frequency. The hypothesized model had excellent fit to the data (CFI = 0.962, TLI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.057 [95% CI = 0.056-0.057]). Similar associations were identified in both genders, with all pathways being statistically significant (p < .001). PPU had positive, moderate associations (βmales=0.37, βfemales=0.38), while FPU had negative, weak associations with sexual functioning problems (βmales=-0.17, βfemales=-0.17). Although FPU and PPU had a positive, moderate association, they should be assessed and discussed separately when examining potential associations with sexuality-related outcomes. Given that PPU was positively and moderately and FPU negatively and weakly associated with problems in sexual functioning, it is important to consider both PPU and FPU in relation to sexual functioning problems.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kilian C, Bröckel KL, Overmeyer R, Dieterich R, Endrass T. Neural correlates of response inhibition and performance monitoring in binge watching. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 158:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
15
|
Towards a cross-cultural assessment of binge-watching: Psychometric evaluation of the “watching TV series motives” and “binge-watching engagement and symptoms” questionnaires across nine languages. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
16
|
Starosta JA, Izydorczyk B. Understanding the Phenomenon of Binge-Watching-A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124469. [PMID: 32580289 PMCID: PMC7344932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Binge-watching is a relatively new behaviour pattern whose popularity has been increasing since 2013, ultimately to become one of the most popular ways of spending free time, especially among young people. However, there is still a dearth of research on this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to present the current understanding and psychological conditions of binge-watching, as provided in the research papers published between 2013 and 2020. This systematic review, including 28 articles, addresses different approaches to defining this behaviour, diverse motivations, personality traits, and risks of excessive binge-watching. Its results imply that there are two perspectives in understanding binge-watching. The first is related to entertainment, positive emotions, cognition, and spending free time. However, the second perspective emphasises the negative outcomes of excessive binge-watching and symptoms of behavioural addiction. There is undoubtedly a need for further research to be conducted on diversified populations to reach more profound understanding of binge-watching behaviour patterns.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bőthe B, Tóth-Király I, Potenza MN, Orosz G, Demetrovics Z. High-Frequency Pornography Use May Not Always Be Problematic. J Sex Med 2020; 17:793-811. [PMID: 32033863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, variable-centered analytic approaches showed positive, weak-to-moderate associations between frequency of pornography use (FPU) and problematic pornography use (PPU). However, person-centered studies are sparse in the literature, and these could provide insight into whether there are individuals who use pornography frequently and do not experience problems or whether there are individuals with comparable high-frequency use who differ on reported experiencing of negative consequences. AIM The aims of the present study were (i) to identify profiles of pornography use based on FPU and PPU by applying a person-centered analytic approach and (ii) to examine whether the identified profiles could be distinguished based on theoretically relevant demographic and psychological constructs. METHODS Latent profile analyses were conducted on 3 nonclinical samples recruited from general websites and a pornography site (study 1: N = 14,006; study 2: N = 483; study 3: N = 672). RESULTS Results were consistent across all studies. 3 distinct pornography-use profiles emerged: nonproblematic low-frequency pornography use (68-73% of individuals), nonproblematic high-frequency pornography use (19-29% of individuals), and problematic high-frequency use (3-8% of individuals). Nonproblematic and problematic high-frequency-use groups showed differences in several constructs (ie, hypersexuality, depressive symptoms, boredom susceptibility, self-esteem, uncomfortable feelings regarding pornography, and basic psychological needs). CLINICAL TRANSLATION FPU should not be considered as a sufficient or reliable indicator of PPU because the number of people with nonproblematic high-frequency use was 3-6 times higher than that with problematic high-frequency use. These results suggest that individuals with PPU use pornography frequently; however, FPU may not always be problematic. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS Self-report cross-sectional methods have possible biases that should be considered when interpreting findings (eg, underreporting or overreporting). However, the present research included 3 studies and involved large community samples and visitors of a pornography website. The present study is the first that empirically investigated pornography-use profiles with a wide range of correlates using both severity of PPU and FPU as profile indicators on specific and general samples. CONCLUSION The present study is a first step in the differentiated examination of pornography-use profiles, taking into consideration both PPU and FPU, and it provides a foundation for further clinical and large-scale studies. Different psychological mechanisms may underlie the development and maintenance of FPU with or without PPU, suggesting different treatment approaches. Therefore, the present results may guide clinical work when considering reasons for seeking treatment for PPU. Bőthe B, Tóth-Király I, Potenza MN, et al. High-Frequency Pornography Use May Not Always Be Problematic. J Sex Med 2020;17:793-811.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bőthe
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | | | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Substance Abuse Center, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Flayelle M, Maurage P, Di Lorenzo KR, Vögele C, Gainsbury SM, Billieux J. Binge-Watching: What Do we Know So Far? A First Systematic Review of the Evidence. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
This article presents a measure of compassion for others called the Compassion Scale (CS), which is based on Neff's theoretical model of self-compassion. Compassion was operationalized as experiencing kindness, a sense of common humanity, mindfulness, and lessened indifference toward the suffering of others. Study 1 (n = 465) describes the development of potential scale items and the final 16 CS items chosen based on results from analyses using bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling. Study 2 (n = 510) cross-validates the CS in a second student sample. Study 3 (n = 80) establishes test-retest reliability. Study 4 (n = 1,394) replicates results with a community sample, while Study 5 (n = 172) replicates results with a sample of meditators. Study 6 (n = 913) examines the finalized version of the CS in a community sample. Evidence regarding reliability, discriminant, convergent, construct, and known-groups validity for the CS is provided.
Collapse
|
20
|
Flayelle M, Maurage P, Karila L, Vögele C, Billieux J. Overcoming the unitary exploration of binge-watching: A cluster analytical approach. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:586-602. [PMID: 31537085 PMCID: PMC7044630 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Binge-watching (i.e., watching multiple episodes of a TV series in one session) has recently become standard practice among TV series viewers; this expansion generates concerns regarding the potential negative outcomes associated with this habit. However, the investigation of its psychological correlates remains fragmentary, with few initial studies a priori conceptualizing this behavior as a new addictive disorder. This study explored these psychological correlates using cluster analysis of binge-watching behavior based on three key psychological factors: motivations, impulsivity, and emotional reactivity. METHODS An online survey was completed by 4,039 TV series viewers. Data were analyzed using hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses, the validity of the clusters being finally determined through mutual comparisons with a selection of external correlates. RESULTS Four clusters were identified: recreational TV series viewers (presenting low involvement in binge-watching), regulated binge-watchers (moderately involved), avid binge-watchers (presenting elevated but non-problematic involvement), and unregulated binge-watchers (presenting potentially problematic involvement associated with negative outcomes). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the heterogeneous and multidetermined nature of binge-watching. Our findings suggest that high engagement in binge-watching is distinct from problematic binge-watching, thus reinforcing the notion that conceptualizing binge-watching as an addictive disorder is of low relevance and might actually lead to the overpathologization of this highly popular leisure activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maèva Flayelle
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg,Corresponding authors: Maèva Flayelle; Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, Université du Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Phone: +352 46 66 44 5332; Fax: +352 46 66 44 39207; E-mail: ; Joël Billieux; Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, Université du Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Phone: +352 46 66 44 9207; Fax: +352 46 66 44 39207; E-mail:
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurent Karila
- Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Service d’addictologie, Université Paris Saclay, Equipe d’Accueil Université Paris Sud PSYCOMADD, Villejuif, France
| | - Claus Vögele
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory (CLIPSLAB), Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Joël Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg,Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Corresponding authors: Maèva Flayelle; Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, Université du Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Phone: +352 46 66 44 5332; Fax: +352 46 66 44 39207; E-mail: ; Joël Billieux; Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, Université du Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Phone: +352 46 66 44 9207; Fax: +352 46 66 44 39207; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tóth‐Király I, Bőthe B, Márki AN, Rigó A, Orosz G. Two sides of the same coin: The differentiating role of need satisfaction and frustration in passion for screen‐based activities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Adrien Rigó
- Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
- Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Flayelle M, Canale N, Vögele C, Karila L, Maurage P, Billieux J. Assessing binge-watching behaviors: Development and validation of the “Watching TV Series Motives” and “Binge-watching Engagement and Symptoms” questionnaires. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
Tóth-Király I, Bőthe B, Orosz G. Seeing the forest through different trees: A social psychological perspective of work addiction. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:875-879. [PMID: 30556783 PMCID: PMC6376368 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We live in exciting times for the scientific study of work addiction, given its increased relevance and the diverse perspectives one might take to approach this phenomenon. Simultaneously, this field does not appear to be unified as a result of several misleading myths, which are addressed by the debate paper of Griffiths et al. (2018). In response, we would like to complement this study by proposing that the construct of interest should be more precisely identified in the context of related constructs and that an integrative framework should be applied, which is able to take into account not just the micro-level characteristics (i.e., individual differences), but meso- (i.e., environmental factors) and macro-level (i.e., societal factors) ones as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- István Tóth-Király
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Corresponding author: Gábor Orosz; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest H-1064, Hungary; Phone: +36 70 237 9471; E-mails: ;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Orosz G, Benyó M, Berkes B, Nikoletti E, Gál É, Tóth-Király I, Bőthe B. The personality, motivational, and need-based background of problematic Tinder use. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:301-316. [PMID: 29642722 PMCID: PMC6174578 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Tinder is a geo-located online dating application, which is present in almost 200 countries and has 10 million daily users. The aim of the present research was to investigate the motivational, personality, and basic psychological need-related background of problematic Tinder use. Methods After qualitative pretest and item construction, in Study 1 (N = 414), confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to corroborate the different motivational factors behind Tinder use. In Study 2 (N = 346), the associations between Big Five traits, Tinder motivations, and problematic Tinder use were examined with structural equation modeling (SEM). In Study 3 (N = 298), the potential role of general self-esteem, relatedness need satisfaction, and frustration in relation to Tinder-use motivations and problematic Tinder use was examined with SEM. Results In Study 1, a 16-item first-order factor structure was identified with four motivational factors, such as sex, love, self-esteem enhancement, and boredom. In Study 2, problematic Tinder use was mainly related to using Tinder for self-esteem enhancement. The Big Five personality factors were only weakly related to the four motivations and to problematic Tinder use. Counterintuitively, Study 3 showed that instead of global self-esteem, relatedness need frustration was the strongest predictor of self-esteem enhancement Tinder-use motivation which, in turn, was the strongest predictor of problematic Tinder use. Discussion Four motivational factors were identified as predictors of problematic use with need frustration being a relevant background variable instead of general personality traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author: Dr. Gábor Orosz; Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Izabella utca 46, Budapest H-1064, Hungary; Phone: +36 70 237 9471; E-mails: ;
| | - Mária Benyó
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Berkes
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Nikoletti
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Gál
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary,Doctoral School of Evidence-Based Assessment and Psychological Interventions, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|