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Eyssa HM, El Mogy SA, Youssef HA. Impact of foaming agent and nanoparticle fillers on the properties of irradiated rubber. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A sponge rubber nanocomposite based on styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) or nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers with various foaming agent contents was produced by a simple technique, roll milling. The nanoparticles were examined by different techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR). The sponge rubber nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis before and after exposures to radiation doses, as well as by the XRD patterns for the unirradiated samples. The different properties of the obtained nanocomposites, including their foaming degree, tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal conductivity, were also investigated. The foam composites containing nano-CaCO3 possessed the best cell and crosslinking densities and mechanical properties among the other composites, while its foaming degree was the lowest. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity was reduced by increasing the foaming agent concentration. However, it increased as the radiation dose increased, and the optimum radiation dose was obtained at 75 kGy. The foam containing MMT exhibited an intermediate behavior while high thermal conductivity was recorded for the foam containing the CaCO3 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M. Eyssa
- Radiation Chemistry Department , National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , P. O. Box 29 , Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Soma A. El Mogy
- Polymer Metrology and Technology Department , National Institute of Standards (NIS) , Giza , Egypt
| | - Hussein A. Youssef
- Radiation Chemistry Department , National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , P. O. Box 29 , Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
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Battisti M, Perko L, Arunachalam S, Stieger S, Friesenbichler W. Influence of elongational flow generating nozzles on material properties of polypropylene nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Battisti
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Science; Institute of Injection Molding of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben A-8700 Austria
| | - Leonhard Perko
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Science; Institute of Injection Molding of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben A-8700 Austria
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH; Leoben A-8700 Austria
| | - Sundaresan Arunachalam
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Science; Institute of Injection Molding of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben A-8700 Austria
| | - Sebastian Stieger
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Science; Institute of Injection Molding of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben A-8700 Austria
| | - Walter Friesenbichler
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Science; Institute of Injection Molding of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben A-8700 Austria
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Radwan RM, Mohamed RM, Abdel-Aziz MM. Electrical Properties of Irradiated Rubber-Clay Composites Based on NBR and SBR. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nigam V, Soni H, Saroop M, Verma G, Bhattacharya A, Setua D. Thermal, morphological, and X-ray study of polymer-clay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mittal V. Polymer Nanocomposites in Emulsion and Suspension: an Overview. POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY EMULSION AND SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849732192-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites have been a subject of intense research in the recent yeas. By nanoscale dispersion of inorganic fillers in the polymer matrices, significant enhancements in the properties of the materials have been achieved at very low filler volume fractions. Different modes of nanocomposite synthesis have been developed in the recent years which include template synthesis, in-situ polymerization, melt intercalation and polymer or prepolymer adsorption from solution. The last methodology also covers emulsion and suspension polymerization techniques for the synthesis of nanocomposites. These emulsion and suspension modes of polymer nanocomposite synthesis have the advantage that the polymerization is carried out in the presence of water which does not allow buildup of viscosity and the heat dissipation from the system is also easily achieved. The potential thermal damage to the polymer and the organic modification usually encountered in the melt intercalation is also avoided in the case of emulsion and suspension polymerization. Different polymer systems have been reported like polystyrene, polyurethanes, epoxy, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(butyl acrylate) etc. Specific synthetic methodologies like surfactant free polymerization, controlled living polymerization etc. have also been reported to successfully achieve nanocomposites with superior properties than the pure polymers. Majority of the studies bring home the conclusion that the amount of clay as well as surface modification present on clay surface significantly affect the microstructure and properties of the nanocomposite particles. Apart from clay as filler, many studies also have used the spherical inorganic particles as reinforcements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Mittal
- BASF SE, Polymer Research, 67069 Ludwigshafen Germany
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Cardoso J, Montiel R, Manero O. Synthesis, characterization, and ionic conductivity of nanocomposites: Polyelectrolyte systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li S, Meng Lin M, Toprak MS, Kim DK, Muhammed M. Nanocomposites of polymer and inorganic nanoparticles for optical and magnetic applications. NANO REVIEWS 2010; 1:NANO-1-5214. [PMID: 22110855 PMCID: PMC3215211 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.5214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an up-to-date review on nanocomposites composed of inorganic nanoparticles and the polymer matrix for optical and magnetic applications. Optical or magnetic characteristics can change upon the decrease of particle sizes to very small dimensions, which are, in general, of major interest in the area of nanocomposite materials. The use of inorganic nanoparticles into the polymer matrix can provide high-performance novel materials that find applications in many industrial fields. With this respect, frequently considered features are optical properties such as light absorption (UV and color), and the extent of light scattering or, in the case of metal particles, photoluminescence, dichroism, and so on, and magnetic properties such as superparamagnetism, electromagnetic wave absorption, and electromagnetic interference shielding. A general introduction, definition, and historical development of polymer–inorganic nanocomposites as well as a comprehensive review of synthetic techniques for polymer–inorganic nanocomposites will be given. Future possibilities for the development of nanocomposites for optical and magnetic applications are also introduced. It is expected that the use of new functional inorganic nano-fillers will lead to new polymer–inorganic nanocomposites with unique combinations of material properties. By careful selection of synthetic techniques and understanding/exploiting the unique physics of the polymeric nanocomposites in such materials, novel functional polymer–inorganic nanocomposites can be designed and fabricated for new interesting applications such as optoelectronic and magneto-optic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghua Li
- Division of Functional Materials, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
This review aims to present recent advances in the synthesis and structure characterization as well as the properties of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. The advent of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites has revolutionized research into polymer composite materials. Nanocomposites are organic-inorganic hybrid materials in which at least one dimension of the filler is less than 100 nm. A number of synthesis routes have been developed in the recent years to prepare these materials, which include intercalation of polymers or pre-polymers from solution, in-situ polymerization, melt intercalation etc. The nanocomposites where the filler platelets can be dispersed in the polymer at the nanometer scale owing to the specific filler surface modifications, exhibit significant improvement in the composite properties, which include enhanced mechanical strength, gas barrier, thermal stability, flame retardancy etc. Only a small amount of filler is generally required for the enhancement in the properties, which helps the composite materials retain transparency and low density.
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Jia QX, Wu YP, Wang YQ, Lu M, Yang J, Zhang LQ. Organic interfacial tailoring of styrene butadiene rubber–clay nanocomposites prepared by latex compounding method. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Effect of the silica precursor on the conductivity of hectorite-derived polymer nanocomposites. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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López-Manchado MA, Herrero B, Arroyo M. Preparation and characterization of organoclay nanocomposites based on natural rubber. POLYM INT 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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López-Manchado MA, Arroyo M, Herrero B, Biagiotti J. Vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber-organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Arroyo M, López-Manchado M, Herrero B. Organo-montmorillonite as substitute of carbon black in natural rubber compounds. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tjong SC, Meng YZ, Xu Y. Structure and properties of polyamide-6/vermiculite nanocomposites prepared by direct melt compounding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tjong SC, Meng YZ, Xu Y. Preparation and properties of polyamide 6/polypropylene-vermiculite nanocomposite/polyamide 6 alloys. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rong J, Li H, Jing Z, Hong X, Sheng M. Novel organic/inorganic nanocomposite of polyethylene. I. Preparation via in situ polymerization approach. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vaia RA, Giannelis EP. Lattice Model of Polymer Melt Intercalation in Organically-Modified Layered Silicates. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9514333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Vaia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Emmanuel P. Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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